EP0407630A1 - Propulsion for hydrofoils - Google Patents

Propulsion for hydrofoils Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0407630A1
EP0407630A1 EP89112617A EP89112617A EP0407630A1 EP 0407630 A1 EP0407630 A1 EP 0407630A1 EP 89112617 A EP89112617 A EP 89112617A EP 89112617 A EP89112617 A EP 89112617A EP 0407630 A1 EP0407630 A1 EP 0407630A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
propeller
housing
boat
drive according
gear
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EP89112617A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0407630B1 (en
Inventor
Roland Sand
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT89112617T priority Critical patent/ATE82554T1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE8989112617T priority patent/DE58902780D1/en
Priority to EP89112617A priority patent/EP0407630B1/en
Priority to ES198989112617T priority patent/ES2035458T3/en
Priority to US07/541,063 priority patent/US5066255A/en
Priority to AU58883/90A priority patent/AU627599B2/en
Publication of EP0407630A1 publication Critical patent/EP0407630A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0407630B1 publication Critical patent/EP0407630B1/en
Priority to GR920402721T priority patent/GR3006363T3/el
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B63H5/1252—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters the ability to move being conferred by gearing in transmission between prime mover and propeller and the propulsion unit being other than in a "Z" configuration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boat drive for gliding boats, consisting of a drive motor with a leading to the propeller, at an acute angle to the water surface emerging from the transom drive shaft with an internal and an external universal joint, the propeller in a tunnel-like laterally pivotable, after open bottom housing is mounted and the tunnel-like housing at the bottom / rear edge starting from the direction of travel to the propeller bearing gradually extending upwards to about half the diameter of the propeller.
  • a known boat drive of this type is shown in DE-PS 30 42 197.
  • Boat drives designed in this way have already proven themselves in practice, since the given engine power can be used with a high overall efficiency, thereby resulting in high boat acceleration and high top speed can be achieved.
  • the object of the invention is to further improve this boat drive described in DE-PS 30 42 197, in particular to maximize the sliding properties of the boat to be driven, which are determined by the drive.
  • the gliding boat in motion experiences a dynamic buoyancy, which lifts the boat out of the water with increasing speed, so that from a certain speed it only touches the water with the stern or with the step and stern.
  • Decisive for achieving this high speed is the reduction in resistance when the boat is gliding. It must therefore be avoided everything that could impair this resistance reduction or generate avoidable resistance by any drive parts.
  • a further reduction in resistance can be achieved in that the parts of the boat floor still touching the water slide on the water surface at the lowest possible angle.
  • this angle is determined by the location and the Form of the drive.
  • the drive element i.e. the ship's propeller, as in DE-PS 30 42 197, is at approximately the same height as the boat floor, but the drive shaft is at an acute angle to the boat floor given by the design, and that is over the Propeller plane in the direction of travel extending rearward is arranged parallel to the propeller shaft.
  • This optimum is achieved according to the invention in that an upper housing part, which extends from about the propeller bearing against the direction of travel and can be pivoted about an approximately horizontal axis, is sealed against the side housing parts, that between the bottom / rear edge and the At the beginning of the tunnel-like housing an open gap remains in the direction of travel and that another joint (gearbox) is inserted between the cardan shaft and the propeller bearing.
  • the joint is a synchronized shaft joint combined with the propeller bearing, expediently a homokinetic joint or, if only a small angle has to be compensated, a double tooth coupling (curved tooth coupling).
  • the external universal joint is expediently combined with a gear transmission arranged on the housing, in which the drive-side gear lies over the output-side gear which is connected to the propeller via a propeller shaft.
  • the gear transmission can be a spur gear or, at larger angles, a bevel gear.
  • the housing it is again proposed according to the invention to increase the efficiency that it begins with an approximately the contour of the lip following the bottom / rear edge and expands essentially inside and outside following a hyperbolic function (sinh). This results in the lowest flow resistance for the water column to be accelerated by the propeller, combined with a uniform, efficiency-increasing flow to the propeller.
  • sinh hyperbolic function
  • the water flowing in above the housing through the gap which is open in the direction of travel can also be used to cool the gear transmission and to soundproof the exhaust if the space above the housing encloses the external universal joint and the exhaust pipe of the drive motor, including a spray cover is.
  • a water mist then forms in this room with relatively large water droplets, which have an excellent sound-absorbing effect, so that the exhaust noise can hardly be heard outside.
  • the boat still has to be trimmed with regard to its relative position to the water level.
  • this can be achieved roughly by pivoting the tunnel-like housing about a horizontal axis lying on the outside universal joint until the ideal line of action to the boat bottom is established.
  • a fine trim results from the fact that the upper housing part, which extends from about the propeller bearing against the direction of travel, is pivoted about an approximately horizontal axis, this housing part being sealed against the lateral housing parts. This accelerates the accelerated water jet more or less strongly against this housing part or against this trim tab, and will thus adjust the relative position of the hull to the water level.
  • a bearing body (2) is attached to the transom (1) of a gliding boat, in which a gimbal (3) is arranged so as to be pivotable via vertical axle bolts lying parallel to the transom (1). Inside this gimbal (3), a tunnel-like housing (4) is attached to horizontal axle bolts arranged outside the center, which, starting with a knife-like lip (15), extends beyond a propeller (6) and follows a hyperbolic function.
  • the outer universal joint (7) of a drive cardan shaft (8) is also accommodated in the bearing body (2).
  • An intermediate shaft (9) leads from the universal joint (7) to the propeller (6) via a synchronous shaft joint (10).
  • the entire tunnel-like housing (5) can be pivoted about its horizontally lying articulation axis by a hydraulic cylinder (11). This pivoting serves for rough trimming of the boat as well as for lifting the entire housing during road transport or when changing propellers. Fine trimming is carried out by an upper housing part (12) which is attached to the end of the housing and lies horizontally around one axis (13), for example via a further hydraulic cylinder (not shown), is pivotable.
  • the drawing also shows a spray cover (14) which covers the space above the housing (5) starting from the housing lip (15) until the articulation of the hydraulic cylinder (11).
  • the external universal joint (7) is located in this room.
  • the exhaust (16) of the drive motor also opens into this space.
  • the propeller plane of the propeller (6) is not at an angle to the water level, but exactly in the normal plane, which results in a good efficiency of the propeller ( 6) results. This is achieved by the constant velocity shaft joint (10), which is attached inside the housing (5).
  • the propeller (6) sucks water into the space of the tunnel-like housing (5) and expels this water column to the rear (arrow 17).
  • the fact that the lip (15) of the housing (5) is located somewhat below the bottom (18) of the sliding boat means that water also flows into the gap (19) open in the direction of travel, which not only effectively prevents Air can be sucked in, but it also cools the shaft bearing (7) running in oil.
  • This inflowing water splashes against the spray cover (14), so that the entire space above the housing (5) fills with a coarse droplet of water mist, which has a very good sound-absorbing effect, so that the exhaust noises from the exhaust (16) can hardly be heard to the outside are.
  • a gear (20) is arranged after the outer universal joint (7), from which the propeller shaft (21) leads to the propeller (6).
  • the gear (20) lowers the propeller shaft and thus also the propeller so that its line of action lies approximately at the bottom (18) of the sliding boat.
  • the gear (20) is a spur gear, so that the propeller plane of the propeller (6) is not exactly in the vertical plane or in the normal plane to the water level. A slight angular misalignment is achieved by the universal joint (7). If the propeller plane (6) is to be placed exactly in this normal plane to the water level, a bevel gear is expediently used instead of the spur gear.

Abstract

In a drive arrangement for a planing hull boat in which a drive shaft extends from a motor within the hull through the stern wall to a propeller arranged in a tunnel-shaped water flow guide structure extending backwardly from the bottom edge of the stern wall and upwardly in a curved fashion, the propeller is mounted so as to be rotatable about an axis which is essentially parallel to and in alignment with the hull bottom. The flow guide structure has a top end section hinged so as to be tiltable about a horizontal axis between the guide structure side walls and, at its front end adjacent the rear hull bottom edge, a scoop adapted to scoop up a stream of water which is directed over the flow guide structure to form a water seal preventing in leakage of air into the water flowing through the flow guide structure.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Bootsantrieb für Gleit­boote, bestehend aus einem Anbtriebsmotor mit einer zum Propeller führenden, in einem spitzen Winkel zur Wasseroberfläche aus dem Heckspiegel austretenden An­triebs-Gelenkwelle mit einem innen- und einem außen­liegenden Kreuzgelenk, wobei der Propeller in einem tunnelartigen seitlich verschwenkbaren, nach unten offenen Gehäuse gelagert ist und sich das tunnelarti­ge Gehäuse bei der Boden/Heck-Kante beginnend sich entgegen der Fahrtrichtung bis über die Propellerla­gerung hinaus erstreckend allmählich nach oben bis etwa zum halben Propellerdurchmesser ansteigend erwei­tert.The invention relates to a boat drive for gliding boats, consisting of a drive motor with a leading to the propeller, at an acute angle to the water surface emerging from the transom drive shaft with an internal and an external universal joint, the propeller in a tunnel-like laterally pivotable, after open bottom housing is mounted and the tunnel-like housing at the bottom / rear edge starting from the direction of travel to the propeller bearing gradually extending upwards to about half the diameter of the propeller.

Einen bekannten derartigen Bootsantrieb zeigt die DE-PS 30 42 197 in dieser Art ausgeführte Bootsantrie­be haben sich in der Praxis schon sehr bewährt, da durch sie die gegebene Motorleistung mit einem hohen Gesamtwirkungsgrad ausgenutzt werden kann, wodurch sich eine hohe Bootsbeschleunigung wie auch eine hohe Endgeschwindigkeit erzielen läßt.A known boat drive of this type is shown in DE-PS 30 42 197. Boat drives designed in this way have already proven themselves in practice, since the given engine power can be used with a high overall efficiency, thereby resulting in high boat acceleration and high top speed can be achieved.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, diesen in der DE-PS 30 42 197 beschriebenen Bootsantrieb weiter zu verbessern, insbesondere die durch den Antrieb mitbe­stimmten Gleiteigenschaften des anzutreibenden Bootes zu maximieren.The object of the invention is to further improve this boat drive described in DE-PS 30 42 197, in particular to maximize the sliding properties of the boat to be driven, which are determined by the drive.

Das in Fahrt befindliche Gleitboot erfährt durch sei­ne besondere Bauweise einen dynamischen Auftrieb, der das Boot mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit aus dem Was­ser hebt, so daß es von einer bestimmten Geschwindig­keit an das Wasser nur noch mit dem Heck beziehungs­weise mit Stufe und Heck berührt. Dadurch ergibt sich eine erhebliche Widerstandsverminderung und damit die hohe mit diesen Booten erzielbare Geschwindigkeit. Maßgebend für das Erreichen dieser hohen Geschwindig­keit ist also die Widerstandsverminderung bei im Glei­ten befindlichen Boot. Es muß daher alles vermieden werden, was durch irgendwelche Antriebsteile diese Widerstandsverminderung beeinträchtigen beziehungswei­se vermeidbaren Widerstand erzeugen könnte. Hierzu ge­hören insbesondere die Unterwasserteile des Antriebs, die daher, wenn nicht vermeidbar, strömungsgünstig auszuführen sind. Eine weitere Widerstandsreduzierung kann dadurch erfolgen, daß die noch das Wasser berüh­renden Teile des Bootsbodens in einem möglichst fla­chen Winkel auf der Wasseroberfläche gleiten. Dieser Winkel wird jedoch bestimmt durch die Lage und die Form des Antriebs. Bei den üblichen tiefliegenden, al­so unterhalb des Bodens befindlichen Antrieben, wird sich stets ein den Bug aufrichtendes hohes Drehmoment ergeben, das auch beim Gleiten die optimale Lage der gleitenden Bootsteile in einem spitzen Winkel zur Wasseroberfläche verhindert beziehungsweise durch Trimmen des Bootskörpers nur unter Verlust von An­triebsleistung erreichen läßt. Gleiches trifft zu, wenn zwar das Antriebselement, also der Schiffspro­peller, wie bei der DE-PS 30 42 197 auf etwa gleicher Höhe wie der Bootsboden liegt, die Antriebswelle je­doch in einem durch die Bauart gegebenen spitzen Win­kel zum Bootsboden liegt und das sich über die Pro­pellerebene in Fahrtrichtung nach hinten erstreckende Tunnelgehäuse parallel zur Propellerwelle angeordnet ist. Dadurch bildet sich ein negatives Drehmoment aus, das kontinuierlich den Bug auf die Wasserfläche drückt, was auch nicht durch Verändern des Trimmwin­kels des gesamten Außenbordaggregats verbessert wer­den kann. Bei diesem sich zwangsläufig einstellenden großen Winkel der Antriebswelle zur Wasseroberfläche ergibt sich außerdem noch der Nachteil, daß die Pro­pellerblätter in Bezug auf eine vertikale Ebene bezie­hungsweise eine Normalebene zum Wasserspiegel eine un­gleiche Steigung aufweisen, so daß die eintauchenden Blätter eine größere Steigung aufweisen als die aus­tauchenden Blätter. Dadurch ergeben sich unterschied­liche Anstellwinkel der Propellerblätter, die den Propeller-Wirkungsgrad mindern.Due to its special design, the gliding boat in motion experiences a dynamic buoyancy, which lifts the boat out of the water with increasing speed, so that from a certain speed it only touches the water with the stern or with the step and stern. This results in a significant reduction in drag and thus the high speed that can be achieved with these boats. Decisive for achieving this high speed is the reduction in resistance when the boat is gliding. It must therefore be avoided everything that could impair this resistance reduction or generate avoidable resistance by any drive parts. This includes in particular the underwater parts of the drive, which are therefore, if not avoidable, designed to be aerodynamically efficient. A further reduction in resistance can be achieved in that the parts of the boat floor still touching the water slide on the water surface at the lowest possible angle. However, this angle is determined by the location and the Form of the drive. With the usual low-lying drives, i.e. those located below the bottom, there will always be a high uplifting torque, which prevents the optimal position of the sliding boat parts at an acute angle to the water surface even when gliding or by trimming the hull only with loss of drive power can be achieved. The same applies if the drive element, i.e. the ship's propeller, as in DE-PS 30 42 197, is at approximately the same height as the boat floor, but the drive shaft is at an acute angle to the boat floor given by the design, and that is over the Propeller plane in the direction of travel extending rearward is arranged parallel to the propeller shaft. This creates a negative torque that continuously presses the bow onto the surface of the water, which cannot be improved by changing the trim angle of the entire outboard unit. This inevitably occurring large angle of the drive shaft to the water surface also has the disadvantage that the propeller blades have an uneven slope with respect to a vertical plane or a normal plane to the water level, so that the immersing blades have a greater gradient than the immersing blades . This results in different angles of attack of the propeller blades, which reduce the propeller efficiency.

Optimal wäre ein Antrieb, im wesentlichen der Kon­struktion nach der DE-PS 30 42 197 entsprechend, in seiner Wirkungslinie jedoch etwa mit dem Bootsboden gleichlaufend unter Vermeidung von zusätzlichen trim­menden oder sonstwie benötigten widerstandserhöhenden Unterwasserteilen. Dieses Optimum wird nach der Erfin­dung dadurch erreicht, daß ein oberer, sich ab etwa der Propellerlagerung entgegen der Fahrtrichtung er­streckender Gehäuseteil, um eine etwa horizontal lie­gende Achse verschwenkbar, gegen die seitlichen Gehäu­seteile abgedichtet angebracht ist, daß zwischen der Boden/Heck-Kante und dem Beginn des tunnelartigen Ge­häuses ein in Fahrtrichtung offener Spalt verbleibt und daß zwischen der Gelenkwelle und der Propellerla­gerung ein weiteres Gelenk (Getriebe) eingefügt ist.Optimal would be a drive, essentially in accordance with the construction according to DE-PS 30 42 197, but in its line of action, however, roughly in line with the bottom of the boat while avoiding additional trimming or otherwise required resistance-increasing Underwater parts. This optimum is achieved according to the invention in that an upper housing part, which extends from about the propeller bearing against the direction of travel and can be pivoted about an approximately horizontal axis, is sealed against the side housing parts, that between the bottom / rear edge and the At the beginning of the tunnel-like housing an open gap remains in the direction of travel and that another joint (gearbox) is inserted between the cardan shaft and the propeller bearing.

Wird die im wesentlichen der DE PS 30 42 197 entspre­chende Konstruktion in dieser Art und Weise ausge­führt, besteht die Möglichkeit, die Propellerebene in die Vertikalebene beziehungsweise die Normalebene zum Wasserspiegel zu legen und so die Wirkungslinie des Antriebs in eine im Boot liegende parallel zum Boots­boden verlaufende Ebene zu legen. Dadurch wird nicht nur erreicht, daß die beim Gleiten noch das Wasser be­rührenden Bootsteile in einem sehr flachen Winkel und damit mit sehr geringem Widerstand auf der Wasser­fläche gleiten, sondern auch, daß der Propeller nun­mehr, da seine Propellerebene senkrecht zur Fahrtrich­tung liegt, mit einem sehr hohen Wirkungsgrad und ohne den Propeller schädigenden Schwingungen arbei­tet. Soll der Propeller derart effektiv arbeiten, muß selbstverständlich auf jeden Fall verhindert werden, daß Luft angesaugt wird, welche schlagartig diesen hohen Wirkungsgrad vermindern würde. Bei den bisheri­gen Konstruktionen war dies nie ganz zu vermeiden, da ja diese Gleitboote durch Verschwenken des Antriebes gesteuert werden, mithin also zwischen dem verschwenk­baren Antriebsteil und dem Boot stets ein nach unten offener Spalt verbleiben muß, durch den Luft ange­saugt werden kann. Dieses Ansaugen von den Wirkungs­grad stark vermindernder Luft wird nach der Erfindung durch den angegebenen in Fahrtrichtung offenen Spalt zwischen dem Gehäuse und der Boden/Heck-Kante vermie­den, da nunmehr ein stetiger Wasserstrom durch diesen Spalt hindurch auf die Oberseite des Gehäuses gelei­tet wird, der das Ansaugen von Luft durch diesen Spalt mit Sicherheit verhindert.If the construction corresponding essentially to DE PS 30 42 197 is carried out in this way, there is the possibility of placing the propeller plane in the vertical plane or the normal plane to the water level and thus the line of action of the drive in a boat lying parallel to the bottom of the boat Level. This not only ensures that the parts of the boat still touching the water glide at a very shallow angle and thus with very little resistance on the water surface, but also that the propeller now, with its propeller plane perpendicular to the direction of travel, with a very high efficiency and works without vibrations damaging the propeller. If the propeller is to work so effectively, it must of course be prevented in any case that air is sucked in, which would suddenly reduce this high efficiency. In the previous designs, this was never completely avoidable, since these slide boats are controlled by pivoting the drive, so there must always be a gap open between the pivotable drive part and the boat, through which air can be sucked in. This suction of the efficiency of greatly reducing air is according to the invention avoided by the indicated gap in the direction of travel between the housing and the bottom / rear edge, since a steady water flow is now passed through this gap to the top of the housing, which reliably prevents the suction of air through this gap.

Insgesamt ergibt sich damit ein Bootsantrieb, der außerordentlich effektiv arbeitet, da widerstandser­höhende Unterwasserteile vollkommen vermieden sind, da keine Luft in die durch den Propeller beschleunig­te Wassersäule angesaugt werden kann, da der Wirkungs­grad des Propellers, da er nunmehr innerhalb der Nor­malebene zur Wasserfläche liegt, maximiert ist und da die Wirkungslinie des Antriebs innerhalb des Bootes parallel zum Bootsboden liegt.Overall, this results in a boat drive that works extremely effectively, since resistance-increasing underwater parts are completely avoided, since no air can be sucked into the water column accelerated by the propeller, since the efficiency of the propeller, since it is now within the normal plane of the water surface, is maximized and because the line of action of the drive inside the boat is parallel to the bottom of the boat.

Hinsichtlich des Gelenkes beziehungsweise Getriebes ergeben sich mehrere Möglichkeiten. So wird nach der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß das Gelenk ein mit der Propellerlagerung zusammengefaßtes Gleichgang-Wellen­gelenk ist, zweckmäßigerweise ein homokinetisches Ge­lenk oder auch, wenn nur ein kleiner Winkel auszu­gleichen ist, eine Doppelverzahnungskupplung (Bogen­zahn-Kupplung). Wird ein Getriebe verwendet, so wird zweckmäßigerweise das außen liegende Kreuzgelenk mit einem am Gehäuse angeordneten Zahnradgetriebe zusam­mengefaßt, bei dem das antriebsseitige Zahnrad über dem abtriebsseitigen Zahnrad liegt, das über eine Propellerwelle mit dem Propeller verbunden ist. Bei der Anwendung des Getriebes wird also die Propeller­welle des Propellers in die gewünschte Wirkungslinie des Antriebes gelegt, wobei das Kreuzgelenk den Win­kelversatz aufnimmt. Das Zahnradgetriebe kann hierbei ein Stirnradgetriebe oder, bei größeren Winkeln, auch ein Kegelradgetriebe sein.With regard to the joint or gearbox, there are several options. It is proposed according to the invention that the joint is a synchronized shaft joint combined with the propeller bearing, expediently a homokinetic joint or, if only a small angle has to be compensated, a double tooth coupling (curved tooth coupling). If a transmission is used, the external universal joint is expediently combined with a gear transmission arranged on the housing, in which the drive-side gear lies over the output-side gear which is connected to the propeller via a propeller shaft. When using the gearbox, the propeller shaft of the propeller is placed in the desired line of action of the drive, the universal joint absorbing the angular offset. The gear transmission can be a spur gear or, at larger angles, a bevel gear.

Hinsichtlich des Gehäuses wird nach der Erfindung wie­derum zur Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades vorgeschlagen, daß es mit einer etwa der Kontur des der Boden/Heck-­Kante folgenden Lippe beginnt und sich im wesentli­chen innerhalb und außerhalb einer Hyperbelfunktion (sinh) folgend erweitert. Damit ergibt sich der ge­ringste Strömungswiderstand für die durch den Propel­ler zu beschleunigende Wassersäule, verbunden mit einer gleichmäßigen, Wirkungsgrad erhöhenden Anströ­mung des Propellers.With regard to the housing, it is again proposed according to the invention to increase the efficiency that it begins with an approximately the contour of the lip following the bottom / rear edge and expands essentially inside and outside following a hyperbolic function (sinh). This results in the lowest flow resistance for the water column to be accelerated by the propeller, combined with a uniform, efficiency-increasing flow to the propeller.

Das oberhalb des Gehäuses durch den in Fahrtrichtung offenen Spalt einströmende Wasser kann nach der Erfin­dung auch zum Kühlen des Zahnradgetriebes sowie zur Schalldämmung des Auspuffs genutzt werden, wenn der Raum oberhalb des Gehäuses das außen liegende Kreuzge­lenk sowie auch die Auspuffleitung des Antriebsmotors einschließend von einer Spritzabdeckung umfangen ist. Es bildet sich dann in diesem Raum ein Wassernebel mit verhältnismäßig großen Wassertröpfchen, die ausge­zeichnet schalldämmend wirken, so daß das Auspuffge­räusch nach außen kaum noch zu vernehmen ist.According to the invention, the water flowing in above the housing through the gap which is open in the direction of travel can also be used to cool the gear transmission and to soundproof the exhaust if the space above the housing encloses the external universal joint and the exhaust pipe of the drive motor, including a spray cover is. A water mist then forms in this room with relatively large water droplets, which have an excellent sound-absorbing effect, so that the exhaust noise can hardly be heard outside.

Selbstverständlich muß auch bei diesem Antrieb das Boot hinsichtlich seiner relativen Lage zum Wasser­spiegel noch ausgetrimmt werden. Nach der Erfindung ist dies grob dadurch zu erreichen, daß das tunnelar­tige Gehäuse um eine beim außenseitigen Kreuzgelenk liegende horizontale Achse verschwenkt wird, bis sich die ideale Wirkungslinie zum Bootsboden einstellt. Eine Feintrimmung ergibt sich dadurch, daß der obere sich ab etwa der Propellerlagerung entgegen der Fahrt­richtung erstreckende Gehäuseteil um eine etwa hori­zontal liegende Achse verschwenkt wird, wobei dieser Gehäuseteil gegen die seitlichen Gehäuseteile abge­dichtet ist. Dadurch drückt der beschleunigte Wasser­ strahl mehr oder weniger stark gegen dieses Gehäuse­teil beziehungsweise gegen diese Trimmklappe, und wird somit die relative Lage des Bootskörpers zum Wasserspiegel einstellen.Of course, with this drive the boat still has to be trimmed with regard to its relative position to the water level. According to the invention, this can be achieved roughly by pivoting the tunnel-like housing about a horizontal axis lying on the outside universal joint until the ideal line of action to the boat bottom is established. A fine trim results from the fact that the upper housing part, which extends from about the propeller bearing against the direction of travel, is pivoted about an approximately horizontal axis, this housing part being sealed against the lateral housing parts. This accelerates the accelerated water jet more or less strongly against this housing part or against this trim tab, and will thus adjust the relative position of the hull to the water level.

Auf der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfin­dungsgegenstandes schematisch dargestellt und zwar zeigen

  • Fig.1 eine erste Ausführung mit einem Gleichgang-­Wellengelenk
    und
  • Fig.2 eine Ausführung mit einem Stirnradgetriebe.
Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown schematically on the drawing and show
  • 1 shows a first embodiment with a constant velocity universal joint
    and
  • 2 shows an embodiment with a spur gear.

Am Heckspiegel (1) eines Gleitbootes ist ein Lagerkör­per (2) angebracht, in dem ein Kardanring (3) über pa­rallel zum Heckspiegel (1) liegende vertikale Achs­bolzen verschwenkbar angeordnet ist. Innerhalb dieses Kardanringes (3) ist an horizontal liegenden, außer­halb des Zentrums angeordneten Achsbolzen, ein tunnel­artiges Gehäuse (4) angebracht, das sich beginnend mit einer messerartigen Lippe (15) einer Hyperbel­funktion folgend über einen in ihm gelagerten Propel­ler (6) hinaus erstreckt. In dem Lagerkörper (2) untergebracht ist auch noch das außenseitige Kreuzge­lenk (7) einer Antriebs-Gelenkwelle (8). Von dem Kreuzgelenk (7) führt eine Zwischenwelle (9) über ein Gleichgang-Wellengelenk (10) zu dem Propeller (6).A bearing body (2) is attached to the transom (1) of a gliding boat, in which a gimbal (3) is arranged so as to be pivotable via vertical axle bolts lying parallel to the transom (1). Inside this gimbal (3), a tunnel-like housing (4) is attached to horizontal axle bolts arranged outside the center, which, starting with a knife-like lip (15), extends beyond a propeller (6) and follows a hyperbolic function. The outer universal joint (7) of a drive cardan shaft (8) is also accommodated in the bearing body (2). An intermediate shaft (9) leads from the universal joint (7) to the propeller (6) via a synchronous shaft joint (10).

Das gesamte tunnelartige Gehäuse (5) kann durch einen Hydraulikzylinder (11) um seine horizontal liegende Anlenkachse verschwenkt werden. Dieses Verschwenken dient zum Grobtrimmen des Bootes wie auch zum Anheben des gesamten Gehäuses beim Straßentransport bezieh­ungsweise beim Propellerwechsel. Eine Feintrimmung er­folgt durch einen endständig am Gehäuse angebrachten oberen Gehäuseteil (12), der um eine horizontal lie­ gende Achse (13), zum Beispiel über einen weiteren Hydraulikzylinder (nicht eingezeichnet), verschwenk­bar ist. Aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich ist auch noch eine Spritzabdeckung (14), die den Raum oberhalb des Gehäuses (5) beginnend von der Gehäuselippe (15) bis zur Anlenkung des Hydraulikzylinders (11) abdeckt. In diesem Raum befindet sich das außenseitige Kreuzge­lenk (7). Außerdem mündet in diesen Raum auch der Aus­puff (16) des Antriebmotors.The entire tunnel-like housing (5) can be pivoted about its horizontally lying articulation axis by a hydraulic cylinder (11). This pivoting serves for rough trimming of the boat as well as for lifting the entire housing during road transport or when changing propellers. Fine trimming is carried out by an upper housing part (12) which is attached to the end of the housing and lies horizontally around one axis (13), for example via a further hydraulic cylinder (not shown), is pivotable. The drawing also shows a spray cover (14) which covers the space above the housing (5) starting from the housing lip (15) until the articulation of the hydraulic cylinder (11). The external universal joint (7) is located in this room. In addition, the exhaust (16) of the drive motor also opens into this space.

Gegenüber den üblichen Antrieben dieser Art, auch ge­genüber dem Antrieb nach der DE-PS 30 42 197, liegt die Propellerebene des Propellers (6) nicht in einem Winkel zum Wasserspiegel, sondern exakt in der Normal­ebene hierzu, wodurch sich ein guter Wirkungsgrad des Propellers (6) ergibt. Erreicht wird dies durch das Gleichlauf-Wellengelenk (10), das innerhalb des Gehäu­ses (5) angebracht ist. Bei Betrieb dieses Bootsan­triebes saugt der Propeller (6) Wasser in den Raum des tunnelartigen Gehäuses (5) und stößt diese Wasser­säule nach hinten (Pfeil 17) aus. Gleichzeitig wird dadurch, daß die Lippe (15) des Gehäuses (5) sich etwas unterhalb des Bodens (18) des Gleitbootes befin­det, erreicht, daß auch Wasser in den in Fahrtrich­tung offenen Spalt (19) einströmt, was nicht nur wir­kungsvoll verhindert, daß Luft angesaugt werden kann, sondern das auch die in Öl laufende Wellenlage­rung (7) kühlt. Dieses einströmende Wasser spritzt ge­gen die Spritzabdeckung (14), so daß sich der gesamte Raum oberhalb des Gehäuses (5) mit einem grobtropfi­gen Wassernebel füllt, der sehr gut schalldämmend wirkt, so daß die Auspuffgeräusche vom Auspuff (16) nach außen kaum noch zu hören sind.Compared to the usual drives of this type, also compared to the drive according to DE-PS 30 42 197, the propeller plane of the propeller (6) is not at an angle to the water level, but exactly in the normal plane, which results in a good efficiency of the propeller ( 6) results. This is achieved by the constant velocity shaft joint (10), which is attached inside the housing (5). When this boat drive is operating, the propeller (6) sucks water into the space of the tunnel-like housing (5) and expels this water column to the rear (arrow 17). At the same time, the fact that the lip (15) of the housing (5) is located somewhat below the bottom (18) of the sliding boat means that water also flows into the gap (19) open in the direction of travel, which not only effectively prevents Air can be sucked in, but it also cools the shaft bearing (7) running in oil. This inflowing water splashes against the spray cover (14), so that the entire space above the housing (5) fills with a coarse droplet of water mist, which has a very good sound-absorbing effect, so that the exhaust noises from the exhaust (16) can hardly be heard to the outside are.

Bei der Ausführung der Erfindung nach Fig.2 ist ein Getriebe (20) nach dem äußeren Kreuzgelenk (7) ange­ordnet, von dem die Propellerwelle (21) zum Propel­ler (6) führt. Durch das Getriebe (20) wird die Pro­pellerwelle und damit auch der Propeller so tief ge­legt, daß seine Wirklinie etwa beim Boden (18) des Gleitbootes liegt. In der Darstellung ist das Getrie­be (20) ein Stirnradgetriebe, so daß die Propeller­ebene des Propellers (6) nicht exakt in der Vertikal­ebene beziehungsweise in der Normalebene zum Wasser­spiegel liegt. Ein geringer Winkelversatz wird aller­dings durch das Kreuzgelenk (7) erreicht. Soll auch hier die Propellerebene (6) exakt in diese Normal­ebene zum Wasserspiegel gelegt werden, so wird zweck­mäßigerweise statt des Stirnradgetriebes ein Kegel­radgetriebe eingesetzt.2, a gear (20) is arranged after the outer universal joint (7), from which the propeller shaft (21) leads to the propeller (6). The gear (20) lowers the propeller shaft and thus also the propeller so that its line of action lies approximately at the bottom (18) of the sliding boat. In the illustration, the gear (20) is a spur gear, so that the propeller plane of the propeller (6) is not exactly in the vertical plane or in the normal plane to the water level. A slight angular misalignment is achieved by the universal joint (7). If the propeller plane (6) is to be placed exactly in this normal plane to the water level, a bevel gear is expediently used instead of the spur gear.

Fahrversuche mit einem derart ausgestatteten Gleit­boot haben gezeigt, daß durch diese Anordnung tat­sächlich ein optimaler Bootsantrieb verwirklicht ist, der durch die Kombination dieser drei Erfindungsmerk­male nicht nur außerordentlich effektiv arbeitet, son­dern der es auch gestattet, den gesamten Bootskörper durch Verschwenken des oberen Gehäuseteils (12) in eine ideale widerstandsarme Lage relativ zum Wasser­spiegel zu bringen.Trials with a slide boat equipped in this way have shown that an optimal boat drive is actually achieved through this arrangement, which not only works extremely effectively due to the combination of these three features of the invention, but also allows the entire boat hull to be swiveled by pivoting the upper housing part (12). to bring in an ideal low-resistance position relative to the water level.

Claims (10)

1. Bootsantrieb für Gleitboote bestehend aus einem Antriebsmotor mit einer zum Propeller führenden in einem spitzen Winkel zur Wasseroberfläche aus dem Heckspiegel austretenden Antriebs-Gelenkwelle mit einem innen- und einem außenliegenden Kreuzgelenk, wobei der Propeller in einem tunnelartigen seitlich verschwenkbaren, nach unten offenen Gehäuse gelagert ist und sich das tunnelartige Gehäuse bei der Boden/­Heck-Kante beginnend sich entgegen der Fahrtrichtung bis über die Propellerlagerung hinaus erstreckende all­mählich nach oben bis etwa zum halben Propellerdurch­messer ansteigend erweitert,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein oberer, sich ab etwa der Propellerlagerung entgegen der Fahrtrichtung erstreckender Gehäuse­teil (12) um eine etwa horizontal liegende Achse (13) verschwenkbar, gegen die seitlichen Gehäuseteile ab­gedichtet, angebracht ist, daß zwischen der Boden/­Heck-Kante und dem Beginn des tunnelartigen Gehäu­ses (5) ein in Fahrtrichtung offener Spalt (19) ver­bleibt, und daß zwischen der Gelenkwelle (8) und der Propellerlagerung ein weiteres Gelenk (10) (Getriebe 20) eingefügt ist.1. Boat drive for gliding boats consisting of a drive motor with a drive propeller shaft leading to the propeller at an acute angle to the water surface from the transom with an internal and an external universal joint, the propeller being mounted in a tunnel-like, laterally pivotable, downwardly open housing and the tunnel-like housing starts at the bottom / rear edge against the direction of travel gradually extending upwards beyond the propeller bearing up to about half the propeller diameter,
characterized,
that an upper, extending from about the propeller bearing counter to the direction of travel housing part (12) about an approximately horizontal axis (13), sealed against the side housing parts, is attached that between the bottom / rear edge and the beginning of the tunnel-like Housing (5) remains a gap (19) open in the direction of travel, and that another joint (10) (gear 20) is inserted between the propeller shaft (8) and the propeller bearing. 2. Bootsantrieb nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Gelenk (10) ein mit der Propellerlagerung zu­sammengefasstes Gleichgang-Wellengelenk ist.2. boat drive according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the joint (10) is a synchronized shaft joint combined with the propeller bearing. 3. Bootsantrieb nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Gleichgang-Wellengelenk ein homokinetisches Gelenk ist.3. boat drive according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the constant velocity universal joint is a homokinetic joint. 4. Bootsantrieb nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Gleichgang-Wellengelenk eine Doppelverzah­nungskupplung (Bogenzahnkupplung) ist.4. boat drive according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the constant velocity universal joint is a double tooth clutch (curved tooth clutch). 5. Bootsantrieb nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das außen liegende Kreuzgelenk (7) mit einem am Gehäuse (5) angeordneten Zahnradgetriebe (20) zusam­mengefaßt ist, bei dem das antriebsseitige Zahnrad (22) über dem abtriebsseitigen Zahnrad (23) liegt, das über eine Propellerwelle (21) mit dem Propeller (6) verbunden ist.5. boat drive according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the external universal joint (7) is combined with a gear (20) arranged on the housing (5), in which the drive-side gear (22) lies above the output-side gear (23) via a propeller shaft (21) with the propeller (6) is connected. 6. Bootsantrieb nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Zahnradgetriebe (20) ein Stirnradgetriebe ist.6. boat drive according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the gear transmission (20) is a spur gear. 7. Bootsantrieb nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Zahnradgetriebe ein Kegelradgetriebe ist.7. boat drive according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the gear transmission is a bevel gear. 8. Bootsantrieb nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Gehäuse (5) mit einer etwa der Kontur der Bo­den/Heck-Kante folgenden Lippe (15) beginnt und sich im wesentlichen innerhalb und außerhalb einer Hyper­belfunktion (sinh) folgend erweitert.8. boat drive according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the housing (5) begins with a lip (15) approximately following the contour of the bottom / rear edge and expands essentially inside and outside following a hyperbolic function (sinh). 9. Bootsantrieb nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Lippe (15) geringfügig unterhalb der Boden/­Heck-Kante liegt.9. boat drive according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the lip (15) is slightly below the bottom / rear edge. 10. Bootsantrieb nach Anspruch 8 oder 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Raum oberhalb des Gehäuses (5) das außen liegende Kreuzgelenk (7) sowie auch die Auspufflei­tung (16) des Antriebsmotors einschließend von einer Spritzabdeckung (14) umfangen ist.10. boat drive according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized,
that the space above the housing (5) enclosing the outer universal joint (7) and also the exhaust pipe (16) of the drive motor is enclosed by a spray cover (14).
EP89112617A 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 Propulsion for hydrofoils Expired - Lifetime EP0407630B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8989112617T DE58902780D1 (en) 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 BOAT DRIVE FOR SLIDING BOATS.
EP89112617A EP0407630B1 (en) 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 Propulsion for hydrofoils
ES198989112617T ES2035458T3 (en) 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 BOAT PROPULSION FOR HYDROPLANE BOATS.
AT89112617T ATE82554T1 (en) 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 BOAT DRIVE FOR PLANING BOATS.
US07/541,063 US5066255A (en) 1989-07-11 1990-06-20 Drive arrangement for a planing boat
AU58883/90A AU627599B2 (en) 1989-07-11 1990-07-10 Drive arrangement for a planing boat
GR920402721T GR3006363T3 (en) 1989-07-11 1992-11-26

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89112617A EP0407630B1 (en) 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 Propulsion for hydrofoils

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0407630A1 true EP0407630A1 (en) 1991-01-16
EP0407630B1 EP0407630B1 (en) 1992-11-19

Family

ID=8201606

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89112617A Expired - Lifetime EP0407630B1 (en) 1989-07-11 1989-07-11 Propulsion for hydrofoils

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5066255A (en)
EP (1) EP0407630B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE82554T1 (en)
AU (1) AU627599B2 (en)
DE (1) DE58902780D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2035458T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3006363T3 (en)

Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5290182A (en) * 1992-09-03 1994-03-01 Mondelop J Luis A Boat propelling assembly
US6247979B1 (en) * 1997-08-20 2001-06-19 Dbd Marine Pty. Ltd. Inboard/outboard boat drive
AU741205B2 (en) * 1997-08-20 2001-11-22 Dbd Marine Pty Ltd Inboard/outboard boat drive
CN103342160A (en) * 2013-07-30 2013-10-09 杜秀堂 Marine propeller

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US5326294A (en) * 1993-05-25 1994-07-05 Schoell Harry L Stern drive for boats
US5667415A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-09-16 Arneson; Howard M. Marine outdrive with surface piercing propeller and stabilizing shroud
US5673643A (en) * 1996-09-30 1997-10-07 Poppa; Michael J. Hydrofoil accessory for marine propulsion device
US5931710A (en) * 1998-01-12 1999-08-03 Johnson, Sr.; Clyde Surface drive kit for marine craft
US6482057B1 (en) 1999-10-19 2002-11-19 Harry L. Schoell Trimmable marine drive apparatus
AU1145502A (en) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-22 Evan L Noyes Jr Boat propulsion system
JP2004513022A (en) * 2000-11-08 2004-04-30 フィクレト・デュルジャー Ship stern
US6431927B1 (en) 2001-03-23 2002-08-13 Michael W. Sage Outboard propeller drive system for watercraft
US7335074B2 (en) 2005-06-21 2008-02-26 Howard Arneson Shroud enclosed inverted surface piercing propeller outdrive
US8403715B1 (en) 2011-12-06 2013-03-26 Howard M. Arneson Marine jet drive
WO2024080864A1 (en) * 2022-10-11 2024-04-18 Van De Visser Holding Bv Retractable propulsion system for a marine vessel

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GB2092973A (en) * 1981-02-18 1982-08-25 Connor John Arthur Stern drive
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US2096223A (en) * 1936-08-12 1937-10-19 David G Chandler Boat propelling mechanism
US2415183A (en) * 1943-03-22 1947-02-04 Brett D Law Boat propelling and steering unit
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US3768432A (en) * 1971-10-18 1973-10-30 E Spaulding Shallow water adaptor for outboard motors
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US5290182A (en) * 1992-09-03 1994-03-01 Mondelop J Luis A Boat propelling assembly
US6247979B1 (en) * 1997-08-20 2001-06-19 Dbd Marine Pty. Ltd. Inboard/outboard boat drive
AU741205B2 (en) * 1997-08-20 2001-11-22 Dbd Marine Pty Ltd Inboard/outboard boat drive
CN103342160A (en) * 2013-07-30 2013-10-09 杜秀堂 Marine propeller
CN103342160B (en) * 2013-07-30 2015-11-04 杜秀堂 Ship propeller

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE82554T1 (en) 1992-12-15
DE58902780D1 (en) 1992-12-24
GR3006363T3 (en) 1993-06-21
EP0407630B1 (en) 1992-11-19
AU627599B2 (en) 1992-08-27
ES2035458T3 (en) 1993-04-16
US5066255A (en) 1991-11-19
AU5888390A (en) 1992-01-16

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