EP0407616B1 - Articulated industrial robot having offset arm - Google Patents
Articulated industrial robot having offset arm Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0407616B1 EP0407616B1 EP90902377A EP90902377A EP0407616B1 EP 0407616 B1 EP0407616 B1 EP 0407616B1 EP 90902377 A EP90902377 A EP 90902377A EP 90902377 A EP90902377 A EP 90902377A EP 0407616 B1 EP0407616 B1 EP 0407616B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- robot
- upper arm
- joint
- articulated industrial
- horizontal axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/06—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by multi-articulated arms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/04—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type by rotating at least one arm, excluding the head movement itself, e.g. cylindrical coordinate type or polar coordinate type
- B25J9/046—Revolute coordinate type
- B25J9/047—Revolute coordinate type the pivoting axis of the first arm being offset to the vertical axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/0025—Means for supplying energy to the end effector
- B25J19/0029—Means for supplying energy to the end effector arranged within the different robot elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
- Y10T74/20207—Multiple controlling elements for single controlled element
- Y10T74/20305—Robotic arm
- Y10T74/20311—Robotic arm including power cable or connector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multi-articulated industrial robot provided with a robot body, a robot upper arm pivotally supported about a joint formed at the upper end of the robot body for a swing motion about a first horizontal axis, and a robot forearm pivotally supported about a joint formed at the extremity of the robot upper arm for an up-down turning motion about a second horizontal axis and, more particularly, to a multi-articulated industrial robot provided with an offset robot upper arm having a back side thereof extended along a straight line connecting the horizontal axis of the joint formed at the upper end of the robot body and the horizontal axis of the joint formed at the extremity of the upper arm, and formed in a structure such that it allows electric cable and pipes to be extended along and laid against the back side.
- an industrial robot generally called a multi-articulated robot is provided with a robot body having a fixing base at the bottom thereof, a robot upper arm pivotally supported about a joint formed at the upper end of the body for a swing motion about a horizontal axis (a first horizontal axis), and a robot forearm pivotally supported about a joint formed at the extremity of the robot upper arm for an up-down turning motion about a horizontal axis (a second horizontal axis)
- a second horizontal axis see for example JP-A-64-11781, JP-A-62-84990 or EP-A-0 222 915.
- the robot assembly of such a multi-articulated robot is provided with electric motors for driving the robot upper arm and the robot forearm, and rotation detectors, such as generally known encoders, for detecting the quantities of motions, such as swing motions and up-down turning motions, of the robot arms through the detection of the quantities of motions of the electric motors, and accordingly, cables are essential for wiring the electrical equipment.
- the robot assembly is provided with cables and wiring accessories for the electrical equipment and, if necessary, pipes and piping accessories to supply an auxiliary gas or the like to the robot wrist and end effectors attached to the robot wrist.
- the robot upper arm is constructed so that portions thereof are arranged on one and the other sides of a straight line connecting the center of a swing motion Of the joint articulating the robot body and the robot upper arm about an axis generally designated as "the W-axis" and the center of an up-down turning motion of the joint articulating the robot upper arm and forearm about an axis designated as "the U-axis".
- the straight line extends substantially through the central portion of the robot upper arm.
- the cables are extended through the interior of the robot assembly, the cables are bent rapidly or stretched by the actions of the robot arms, and thus the cables may be damaged or cut, causing problems in the operation of the robot assembly. Therefore, in general the cables are extended along the center axis of the robot upper arm between the robot body and the robot forearm.
- an object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional multi-articulated industrial robot.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-articulated industrial robot having an offset arm structure, namely, a robot arm structure which enables work for installing cables essential to the robot assembly or pipes and piping accessories, and maintenance work, to be performed easily on the outer surface of the robot assembly.
- the cables can be simply extended and removed from the robot assembly when assembling the robot assembly and carrying out maintenance service.
- a multi-articulated industrial robot in a preferred embodiment according to the present invention has a robot body 10 having a base at its bottom, a front portion 10a and a rear portion 10b.
- the robot body 10 has a box-shaped structure. Cables and pipes can be passed into the box-shaped robot body 10 through an opening, not shown, formed in the wall of the same.
- the box-shaped robot body 10 has an offsetting portion, i.e., a pedestal 12 extending obliquely upward to the front from its upper portion, and a pair of support members 14 provided respectively on rear side of the pedestal.
- a robot upper arm 20 is supported pivotally for swing motion about a horizontal axis, i.e., a W-axis, by the pedestal 12 and the support members 14 on the upper end 16 of the robot body 10.
- the robot upper arm 20 has a cylindrical lower end 22, which is joined to the robot body 10 and supported for turning in opposite directions on the upper end 16 of the robot body 10 between the support members 14 with its center axis in alignment with the W-axis as shown in Fig. 2. As best shown in Fig.
- the robot upper arm 20 has an elongated tubular structure extending upward from the upper portion of the pedestal 12 of the robot body 10.
- the robot upper arm 20 having an offset structure offset toward the front of the robot assembly with respect to the center of the robot body 10.
- a robot forearm 30 is joined at its rear end 32 for an up-down turning motion about a horizontal axis, i.e., a U-axis, to the upper end 24 of the robot upper arm 20.
- the rear end 32 of the robot forearm 30 is provided internally with the electric motor M3 and rotation detector of a robot wrist driving system, not shown.
- the electric motor M3 and the rotation detector must be wired by electric cables to feed power to and to transfer electric signals between the electrical components including the motor M3 and the rotation detector.
- two electric motors M1 and M2 respectively for driving the robot upper arm 20 for a swing motion and driving the robot forearm 30 for an up-down turning motion are detachably attached to the side surfaces of the upper end 16 of the robot body 10 respectively on the opposite sides of the cylindrical lower end 22 of the robot upper arm 20 pivotally supported on the upper end 16 of the robot body 10.
- the robot upper arm 20 is offset to the front with respect to the geometrical center of the robot body 10 and is articulated to the robot body by a joint so that a straight line connecting the center of the cylindrical lower end 22, i.e., the W-axis, and the center of the rear end 32 of the robot forearm 30, i.e., the U-axis, coincide substantially with a vertical line when the robot upper arm 20 is in an upright position as shown in Fig. 1 and the back side 26 of the robot upper arm 20 extends in a plane including the straight line.
- a straight line connecting the center of the cylindrical lower end 22, i.e., the W-axis, and the center of the rear end 32 of the robot forearm 30, i.e., the U-axis coincide substantially with a vertical line when the robot upper arm 20 is in an upright position as shown in Fig. 1 and the back side 26 of the robot upper arm 20 extends in a plane including the straight line.
- a recess 28 is formed in the backside 26 of the robot upper arm 20 and the electric cables 40 are extended in the recess 28.
- pipes may be extended in addition to the electric cables in the recess 28.
- the recess 28 is covered with a suitable cover 42 to protect and cover the electric cables 40.
- the electric cables 40 are passed into the robot body 10, are fastened to the back side of the pedestal 12 with a suitable cable clamp 44, are passed into the cylindrical lower end 22 of the robot upper arm 20 through an opening 22a, are fastened again to the cylindrical lower end 22 at an upper opening 22b with a cable clamp 44, and are extended along the straight line connecting the W-axis and the U-axis to the upper end 24 of the robot upper arm 20.
- the cables 40 pass across or near the W-axis. Accordingly, the electric cables 40 are not exposed to causes of damage and breakage, such as bending and stretching, when the robot upper arm 20 swings about the W-axis, because the electric cables 40 are extended along the straight line. Thus, the electric cables 40 are kept safe and protected.
- the electric cables 40 are extended along and lie in the back side 26 of the robot upper arm 20, namely, since the electric cables 40 are extended externally of the robot assembly, the electric cables 40 are readily accessible when assembling the robot assembly or when carrying out maintenance service, simply by removing the cover 42, so that the electric cables 40 can very easily be extended on and removed from the robot assembly.
- the electric cables can be extended along a straight line connecting the center of swing motion of the robot upper arm and the center of an up-down turning motion of the robot forearm on the back side of the robot upper arm of the robot assembly. Therefore, the electric cables are not subjected to causes of damage and breakage, such as bending and stretching, the electric cables are readily accessible when assembling the robot assembly and when carrying out maintenance service, and the electric cables are rarely damaged or broken.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a multi-articulated industrial robot provided with a robot body, a robot upper arm pivotally supported about a joint formed at the upper end of the robot body for a swing motion about a first horizontal axis, and a robot forearm pivotally supported about a joint formed at the extremity of the robot upper arm for an up-down turning motion about a second horizontal axis and, more particularly, to a multi-articulated industrial robot provided with an offset robot upper arm having a back side thereof extended along a straight line connecting the horizontal axis of the joint formed at the upper end of the robot body and the horizontal axis of the joint formed at the extremity of the upper arm, and formed in a structure such that it allows electric cable and pipes to be extended along and laid against the back side.
- It is known that an industrial robot generally called a multi-articulated robot is provided with a robot body having a fixing base at the bottom thereof, a robot upper arm pivotally supported about a joint formed at the upper end of the body for a swing motion about a horizontal axis (a first horizontal axis), and a robot forearm pivotally supported about a joint formed at the extremity of the robot upper arm for an up-down turning motion about a horizontal axis (a second horizontal axis) (see for example JP-A-64-11781, JP-A-62-84990 or EP-A-0 222 915). The robot assembly of such a multi-articulated robot is provided with electric motors for driving the robot upper arm and the robot forearm, and rotation detectors, such as generally known encoders, for detecting the quantities of motions, such as swing motions and up-down turning motions, of the robot arms through the detection of the quantities of motions of the electric motors, and accordingly, cables are essential for wiring the electrical equipment. Generally, the robot assembly is provided with cables and wiring accessories for the electrical equipment and, if necessary, pipes and piping accessories to supply an auxiliary gas or the like to the robot wrist and end effectors attached to the robot wrist. In the conventional multi-articulated robot, the robot upper arm is constructed so that portions thereof are arranged on one and the other sides of a straight line connecting the center of a swing motion Of the joint articulating the robot body and the robot upper arm about an axis generally designated as "the W-axis" and the center of an up-down turning motion of the joint articulating the robot upper arm and forearm about an axis designated as "the U-axis". Namely, the straight line extends substantially through the central portion of the robot upper arm. When the robot upper arm is thus constructed and the cables and, when necessary pipes, are arranged on the robot assembly, particularly when the cables are extended along the outer surface of the robot, the cables are liable to be damaged. If the cables are extended through the interior of the robot assembly, the cables are bent rapidly or stretched by the actions of the robot arms, and thus the cables may be damaged or cut, causing problems in the operation of the robot assembly. Therefore, in general the cables are extended along the center axis of the robot upper arm between the robot body and the robot forearm.
- Nevertheless, the extension of the cables along the center axis of the robot upper arm requires cumbersome work when removing the cables from the robot assembly for maintenance, or for repairing the electric motors, and when extending the cables again through the interior of the robot assembly after completing the maintenance work or repair.
- Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional multi-articulated industrial robot.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-articulated industrial robot having an offset arm structure, namely, a robot arm structure which enables work for installing cables essential to the robot assembly or pipes and piping accessories, and maintenance work, to be performed easily on the outer surface of the robot assembly.
- In accordance with the invention, a multi-articulated industrial robot comprising a robot body having base at a bottom thereof, having a generally upwardly extending body structure, and provided at an upper end portion thereof with a joint having a horizontal axis; a robot upper arm of a length pivotally joined at a lower end thereof to said joint of said robot body for swing motion about a horizontal axis of said joint, and provided at an extremity thereof with a joint; and a robot forearm pivotally joined at a rear end to said joint of said robot upper arm for up-down turning motion about a horizontal axis; is characterised in that said robot upper arm extends substantially linearly between the respective horizontal axes of said joint provided on said upper end of said robot body and said joint provided on said extremity of said robot upper arm, said robot upper arm is provided with a back side thereof extending along a straight line connecting the center of said horizontal axis of said joint provided on said upper end of said robot body and the center of said horizontal axis of said joint provided on said extremity of said robot upper arm and said back side is formed to allow cables, such as electric cable, to be extended and lie in said back side.
- Since the back side is readily accessible, the cables can be simply extended and removed from the robot assembly when assembling the robot assembly and carrying out maintenance service.
- In the accompanying drawings:
- Fig. 1 is a sectional side elevation of a vertical articulated industrial robot having an offset arm structure in a preferred embodiment according to the present invention;
- Fig. 2 is a rear view taken in the direction of the arrows along the line II-II in Fig. 1; and,
- Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in Fig. 1.
- Referring to Figs. 1 to 3, a multi-articulated industrial robot in a preferred embodiment according to the present invention has a
robot body 10 having a base at its bottom, afront portion 10a and arear portion 10b. Therobot body 10 has a box-shaped structure. Cables and pipes can be passed into the box-shaped robot body 10 through an opening, not shown, formed in the wall of the same. - The box-
shaped robot body 10 has an offsetting portion, i.e., apedestal 12 extending obliquely upward to the front from its upper portion, and a pair ofsupport members 14 provided respectively on rear side of the pedestal. A robotupper arm 20 is supported pivotally for swing motion about a horizontal axis, i.e., a W-axis, by thepedestal 12 and thesupport members 14 on theupper end 16 of therobot body 10. The robotupper arm 20 has a cylindricallower end 22, which is joined to therobot body 10 and supported for turning in opposite directions on theupper end 16 of therobot body 10 between thesupport members 14 with its center axis in alignment with the W-axis as shown in Fig. 2. As best shown in Fig. 1, the robotupper arm 20 has an elongated tubular structure extending upward from the upper portion of thepedestal 12 of therobot body 10. Thus, the robotupper arm 20 having an offset structure offset toward the front of the robot assembly with respect to the center of therobot body 10. Arobot forearm 30 is joined at itsrear end 32 for an up-down turning motion about a horizontal axis, i.e., a U-axis, to the upper end 24 of the robotupper arm 20. Therear end 32 of therobot forearm 30 is provided internally with the electric motor M₃ and rotation detector of a robot wrist driving system, not shown. The electric motor M₃ and the rotation detector must be wired by electric cables to feed power to and to transfer electric signals between the electrical components including the motor M₃ and the rotation detector. - As best shown in Fig. 2, two electric motors M₁ and M₂ respectively for driving the robot
upper arm 20 for a swing motion and driving therobot forearm 30 for an up-down turning motion are detachably attached to the side surfaces of theupper end 16 of therobot body 10 respectively on the opposite sides of the cylindricallower end 22 of the robotupper arm 20 pivotally supported on theupper end 16 of therobot body 10. - It is noted that the robot
upper arm 20 is offset to the front with respect to the geometrical center of therobot body 10 and is articulated to the robot body by a joint so that a straight line connecting the center of the cylindricallower end 22, i.e., the W-axis, and the center of therear end 32 of therobot forearm 30, i.e., the U-axis, coincide substantially with a vertical line when the robotupper arm 20 is in an upright position as shown in Fig. 1 and theback side 26 of the robotupper arm 20 extends in a plane including the straight line. Moreover, as best shown in Fig. 3 showing the cross section of the robotupper arm 20, arecess 28 is formed in thebackside 26 of the robotupper arm 20 and theelectric cables 40 are extended in therecess 28. Naturally, pipes may be extended in addition to the electric cables in therecess 28. Therecess 28 is covered with asuitable cover 42 to protect and cover theelectric cables 40. As stated above, theelectric cables 40 are passed into therobot body 10, are fastened to the back side of thepedestal 12 with asuitable cable clamp 44, are passed into the cylindricallower end 22 of the robotupper arm 20 through an opening 22a, are fastened again to the cylindricallower end 22 at an upper opening 22b with acable clamp 44, and are extended along the straight line connecting the W-axis and the U-axis to the upper end 24 of the robotupper arm 20. In the cylindricallower end 22, thecables 40 pass across or near the W-axis. Accordingly, theelectric cables 40 are not exposed to causes of damage and breakage, such as bending and stretching, when the robotupper arm 20 swings about the W-axis, because theelectric cables 40 are extended along the straight line. Thus, theelectric cables 40 are kept safe and protected. Furthermore, since theelectric cables 40 are extended along and lie in theback side 26 of the robotupper arm 20, namely, since theelectric cables 40 are extended externally of the robot assembly, theelectric cables 40 are readily accessible when assembling the robot assembly or when carrying out maintenance service, simply by removing thecover 42, so that theelectric cables 40 can very easily be extended on and removed from the robot assembly. - As apparent from the foregoing description, in a multi-articulated industrial robot according to the present invention, the electric cables can be extended along a straight line connecting the center of swing motion of the robot upper arm and the center of an up-down turning motion of the robot forearm on the back side of the robot upper arm of the robot assembly. Therefore, the electric cables are not subjected to causes of damage and breakage, such as bending and stretching, the electric cables are readily accessible when assembling the robot assembly and when carrying out maintenance service, and the electric cables are rarely damaged or broken.
Claims (8)
- A multi-articulated industrial robot comprising:
a robot body (10) having base at a bottom thereof, having a generally upwardly extending body structure, and provided at an upper end portion (16) thereof with a joint having a horizontal axis;
a robot upper arm (20) of a length pivotally joined at a lower end thereof to said joint of said robot body (10) for swing motion about a horizontal axis of said joint, and provided at an extremity thereof with a joint; and
a robot forearm (30) pivotally joined at a rear end to said joint of said robot upper arm for up-down turning motion about a horizontal axis;
characterized in that said robot upper arm extends substantially linearly between the respective horizontal axes of said joint provided on said upper end (16) of said robot body (10) and said joint provided on said extremity of said robot upper arm (20), said robot upper arm is provided with a back side (26) thereof extending along a straight line connecting the center of said horizontal axis of said joint provided on said upper end (16) of said robot body (10) and the center of said horizontal axis of said joint provided on said extremity of said robot upper arm (20), and said back side (26) is formed to allow cables, such as electric cables (40), to be extended along and lie in said back side. - A multi-articulated industrial robot according to claim 1, wherein said robot body (10) has front portion (10a), a rear portion (10b), and an offset portion extending obliquely upward to a front from the front portion, said robot upper arm (20) is offset toward said front portion (10a) of said robot body (10) with respect to the straight line connecting said respective centers of said horizontal axes.
- A multi-articulated industrial robot according to claim 1, wherein said back side of said robot upper arm (20) is provided with a recess (28) providing a space available for extending said electric cables (40).
- A multi-articulated industrial robot according to claim 3, wherein said electric cables (40) passed through said robot body (10) are extended through a cylindrical lower end of said robot upper arm (20) and within said recess (28) of said back side (26) of said robot upper arm (20).
- a multi-articulated industrial robot according to claim 4, wherein said robot body (10) further has a pair of support members (14) provided behind said offset portion, and said cylindrical lower end of said robot upper arm (20) is supported for swing motion between the pair of support members (14).
- A multi-articulated industrial robot according to claim 3, wherein said recess of said robot upper arm (20) is covered with a covers (42).
- A multi-articulated industrial robot according to claim 1, wherein a rear end of said robot forearm (30) pivotally supported about said joint provided on said extremity of said robot upper arm (20) is provided with an electric motor (M₃) and an electrical rotation detector for driving and controlling a robot wrist.
- A multi-articulated industrial robot according to claim 7, wherein said electrical cable (40) are connected to the electric motor (M₃) and the electrical rotation detector.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1017432A JP2564388B2 (en) | 1989-01-30 | 1989-01-30 | Offset arm structure of vertical articulated arm type industrial robot |
JP117432/89 | 1989-01-30 | ||
PCT/JP1990/000103 WO1990008632A1 (en) | 1989-01-30 | 1990-01-29 | Articulated industrial robot having offset arm |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0407616A1 EP0407616A1 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
EP0407616A4 EP0407616A4 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
EP0407616B1 true EP0407616B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
Family
ID=11943862
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90902377A Expired - Lifetime EP0407616B1 (en) | 1989-01-30 | 1990-01-29 | Articulated industrial robot having offset arm |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5115690A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0407616B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2564388B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR910700127A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69015475T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990008632A1 (en) |
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JPH01177986A (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1989-07-14 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Arm structure of multi-articulated mechanism |
JPH01177985A (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1989-07-14 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Multi-articulated mechanism |
FR2626515B1 (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1990-07-20 | Barras Provence | VEHICLE DESIGNED TO MOVE ON THE PERFORATED PLATE OF A TUBE BEAM, TO SELECTIVELY POSITION A TOOL RIGHT OF THE TUBES OF THE BEAM |
JPH01240291A (en) * | 1988-03-22 | 1989-09-25 | Texas Instr Japan Ltd | Robot |
JPH06284990A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-11 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Body dryer unit |
-
1989
- 1989-01-30 JP JP1017432A patent/JP2564388B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-01-29 DE DE69015475T patent/DE69015475T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-01-29 EP EP90902377A patent/EP0407616B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-29 WO PCT/JP1990/000103 patent/WO1990008632A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-01-29 US US07/582,214 patent/US5115690A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-19 KR KR1019900702079A patent/KR910700127A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1994
- 1994-01-28 KR KR2019940700003U patent/KR940001668Y1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2564388B2 (en) | 1996-12-18 |
US5115690A (en) | 1992-05-26 |
EP0407616A1 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
DE69015475D1 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
DE69015475T2 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
WO1990008632A1 (en) | 1990-08-09 |
JPH02198781A (en) | 1990-08-07 |
KR940001668Y1 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
KR910700127A (en) | 1991-03-14 |
EP0407616A4 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
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