EP0406083B1 - Device for controlling the start of the introduction of pressurized mixture in an internal combustion engine and its application to the two-stroke engine - Google Patents

Device for controlling the start of the introduction of pressurized mixture in an internal combustion engine and its application to the two-stroke engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0406083B1
EP0406083B1 EP90401792A EP90401792A EP0406083B1 EP 0406083 B1 EP0406083 B1 EP 0406083B1 EP 90401792 A EP90401792 A EP 90401792A EP 90401792 A EP90401792 A EP 90401792A EP 0406083 B1 EP0406083 B1 EP 0406083B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston
injection
opening
duct
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EP90401792A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0406083A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Maissant
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/04—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with simple crankcase pumps, i.e. with the rear face of a non-stepped working piston acting as sole pumping member in co-operation with the crankcase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/26—Multi-cylinder engines other than those provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02B25/02 - F02B25/24
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/08—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by the fuel being carried by compressed air into main stream of combustion-air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/10—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel peculiar to scavenged two-stroke engines, e.g. injecting into crankcase-pump chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a device for controlling or controlling the start of the introduction under pressure of a fuel mixture into a first cylinder of an internal combustion engine as described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for controlling or controlling the start of the introduction under pressure of a fuel mixture into a first cylinder of an internal combustion engine as described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a device is known according to document EP-A-0.296.969.
  • the present invention relates to the control of the start of pneumatic injection.
  • the pressure source used is supplied by the pressure prevailing in the cylinder casing which is angularly offset and can in particular be delayed by 120 ° crankshaft (in the case of an engine 3, 6, ..., 3n cylinders) late 90 ° crankshaft (in the case of a 4, 8, ..., 4n cylinder engine) with respect to the cylinder in question where the fuel mixture is introduced.
  • This pressure source is not stored.
  • the present invention can be applied in particular to 2-stroke internal combustion engines with spark ignition.
  • the instant or the moment of the start of the introduction of pressurized fuel mixture from this source of pressurized gas into the cylinder under consideration is controlled.
  • the arrival of gas from this pressure source in a fuel metering device prepares a fuel mixture which can be introduced into the cylinder concerned through an orifice preferably open during the arrival of gas from this pressure source. This hole can be in the cylinder head.
  • this orifice can be opened before the arrival of the pressurized air since, according to the present invention, the start of the injection is controlled by specific means.
  • This orifice placed in the vicinity of the cylinder concerned may include a rotating plug, a controlled valve or an automatic valve (non-return valve type), the opening of which is controlled by the pressure originating from the pressure source and from the start control means. of the injection.
  • This orifice can also be located on the cylindrical walls of the cylinder concerned itself. Its opening can then be controlled by the movement of the piston (in the case of a light) combined with a non-return valve type device (or a rotary plug).
  • one embodiment of this type may consist in connecting the cylinder housing delayed by 120 ° or 90 ° crankshaft to the cylinder considered, via a pipe arriving from the side opposite to the exhaust in the cylinder considered.
  • this dosage can be done using low pressure injectors, but also using simpler devices, such as, for example, a carburetor of the type used for the intake of an engine two-stroke.
  • the system according to the invention makes it possible to delay the injection, therefore to reduce the fraction of short-circuited in the exhaust.
  • a piston of the deflector type can improve the operation of the engine equipped with the injection device in a rear light (opposite to the exhaust light) according to the invention.
  • the system according to the invention makes it possible to advance the opening of the controlled valve without fuel being injected and therefore to increase the opening time of the valve.
  • the distribution is less severe in terms of critical speed and this without increasing the short-circuiting of the fuel to the exhaust.
  • the present invention makes it possible to delay the injection therefore to have fewer fuel rejections due to the short-circuiting at the exhaust.
  • the dynamic effect produced by this delay in the pressure wave can make it possible to use a stiffer spring and therefore to have a faster closing of the valve.
  • the device according to the invention can make it possible in certain cases, with regard to the injection offset by 90 °, to further reduce the short-circuiting to the exhaust, which is naturally more pronounced than in the case of an injection. offset by 120 °, delaying the start of injection time.
  • this device comprises means for controlling the start of injection, these means intermittently and predetermined interrupt the communication between said pipe and said pump housing, these means thus make it possible to carry out a delayed introduction of the entire mixture fuel under pressure in order to offset the injection of said fuel mixture over time with respect to the introduction of fresh gas, these means have a light in the skirt of the piston of said other cylinder and an opening in the lower part of the other cylinder, the opening cooperates with the light in the skirt of the piston of the other cylinder, this light is arranged in such a way that the injection will only start after the bottom dead center of the piston of the first cylinder.
  • the highest point of said opening may be placed in the lower part of the other cylinder, in the vicinity of the lowest position occupied by the upper part of the piston of this other cylinder.
  • the length of the skirt can be adapted so that the lower part of this skirt closes the opening as soon as the pressure in the pump casing is greater than the pressure in the upper part of the first cylinder this in order to control the start injection.
  • the opening will be unmasked by the lumen of the skirt later when the pneumatic injection begins.
  • the closure means may include one of the following elements: an automatic valve, a controlled valve, a rotating plug, or a light formed in said first cylinder and cooperating with the piston of this first cylinder.
  • the pipeline may include a non-return valve preventing flow from the first cylinder in this pipeline.
  • the offset between the first and the other cylinder may in particular be 90 °, or 120 °.
  • Figure 1 shows in solid lines with the reference P1, the variation curve of the cylinder pressure into which the fuel mixture is injected during the scanning phase of this cylinder.
  • This cylinder is qualified as considered cylinder.
  • the pressure variation curve in the cylinder housing which is 120 ° behind is indicated in dotted lines and bears the reference P2.
  • This housing delayed by 120 ° relative to the cylinder considered represents the source of gas under pressure, or source of pressure.
  • FIG. 1 clearly shows that the pressure of this source is greater than the pressure of the cylinder during a large part of the sweep ranging from 150 ° crankshaft to 265 ° crankshaft.
  • This pressure source can therefore allow the introduction of fuel mixture during this whole part of the operating cycle of the cylinder considered where the pressure difference is sufficient.
  • the means for controlling the start of injection according to the invention make it possible to control more or less the most favorable instant for the introduction of this fuel mixture.
  • the reference 1 designates the cylinder in which the fuel injection is carried out in FIG. 3A.
  • Reference 2 designates the cylinder from which the injection is started.
  • Figures 2 and 2A show such a cylinder.
  • the reference 3 designates the piston which has a light 4 formed in its skirt 7 which cooperates with an opening 5 formed in the wall of the cylinder.
  • the opening 5 is preferably positioned so as not to be in contact with the combustion chamber 6, even when the piston 3 is in bottom dead center (PMB).
  • opening 5 opens into the part of the cylinder which cooperates with the skirt, but which does not belong to the part which contains burnt gases.
  • the reference 8 designates the exhaust pipe.
  • the reference 9 designates the pipe which places the opening 5 in communication with the cylinder in question.
  • the upper and lower edges 10 and 11 of the lumen 4, as well as the opening 5 are positioned so as to control the instants of start and end of injection.
  • the injection into the cylinder in question is carried out using compressed gases from the pump housing 12 of cylinder 2.
  • Reference 13 designates the valve for introducing fresh gases into the pump housing 12.
  • the reference 13 designates the spark plug and the reference 14 the rod-crank assembly of the cylinder 2.
  • FIG. 2A is a section along AA in FIG. 2.
  • the references 15 and 16 designate the lateral transfer lights.
  • Reference 17 designates a rear light used for injection or a rear transfer light as appropriate.
  • the reference 1 designates the cylinder into which the fuel is introduced.
  • the cylinder 1 comprises a combustion chamber 18 a spark plug 19 an exhaust duct 20 a transfer light 21 a pump housing 22.
  • the arrow 23 designates the direction of rotation of the crankshaft.
  • the reference 24 designates the end of the pipe 9 in the vicinity of the cylinder considered 1.
  • the injection is made by low pressure injector 25.
  • this can be replaced by another fuel supply system such as a carburetor or an injection pump.
  • a light 26 cooperates with the piston 27.
  • the end 24 of the pipe 9 opens onto this port 26 which communicates with the combustion chamber 18 when the piston 27 of the cylinder in question is at bottom dead center.
  • a non-return valve 28 is used which prevents the return of gases to the pump housing 12 of the cylinder 2 serving as a pressure source.
  • This valve 28 can be located anywhere in the line 9 and the injector or the fuel supply system can be both upstream and downstream of this valve.
  • Figures 3A and 3F show the embodiment of Figure 2A at different times in the cycle.
  • the opening 5 of the cylinder is about to be discovered by the opening 4 made in the skirt 7 of the piston 3.
  • the piston 3 is in the descending phase as indicated by the arrow 29.
  • the edge 11 of the light 4 will discover the opening 5.
  • the pressure in the pump casing 12 will serve as a source of pressure for the pneumatic injection into the cylinder 1.
  • the configuration of the skirt 7 of the piston 3 means that the injection will only start after the bottom dead center of the piston 27 of the cylinder 1.
  • the injection is thus postponed by at least 30, crankshaft.
  • the position of the edge 11 and the height of the lumen 4 of the piston 3 determines the start and the maximum duration of the injection.
  • the arrows 30 indicate the movement of pressurized gas coming from the casing 12 of the cylinder 2.
  • the fuel introduced by the injector 25 is sprayed and transferred to the combustion chamber 18 as indicated by the arrows 31.
  • the entire pneumatic injection device can be of the type described in French patent 2,575,521.
  • the end of injection can be controlled by the piston 27 which closes the opening 26 or the skirt 7 of the piston 3 which closes the opening 5 by the edge 10 of the opening 4.
  • valve 28 is open.
  • the light 26 may be placed slightly higher than the lateral transfer lights 21.
  • the upper end of the opening 5 is flush with the edge 32 of the piston 3.
  • the piston 3 is in the rising phase.
  • the height of the skirt 34 of the piston 27 and the position of the light 26 can be determined to maintain a good seal between the housing 12 and the housing 22 in the case where the opening 5 is already disconnected.
  • FIG. 3E shows the start of the opening of light 26 for injecting the cylinder 1.
  • the valve 28 prevents the gas from flowing from the combustion chamber 18 to the pump housing 12.
  • Figure 3F corresponds to a position of the piston 27 at 150 ° crankshaft after top dead center.
  • the pressure of the gases in the casing 12 begins to be higher than the pressure in the combustion chamber 18.
  • the piston 27 of the cylinder 1 includes a deflector 35 which improves the operation of the device.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3F a valve 28 has been shown at the end 24 of the duct 9.
  • this device we will not depart from the scope of the present invention by replacing this device with one devices such as a valve controlled by a rotary plug as described in patent EP-296,969.
  • cylinder 1 may have the same system as cylinder 2 and may be used for pneumatic injection into a third cylinder in advance of 120 ° or 90 ° crankshaft relative to cylinder 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Means For Warming Up And Starting Carburetors (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

A device (4, 5) for introducing, under pressure, a fuel-air mixture into a first cylinder of an internal combustion engine, with the engine comprising at least one other cylinder having a pump crankcase. A connecting passageway (9) is provided between the pump crankcase (12) and the upper part of first cylinder (1), with the passageway being supplied with fuel. A communication between the passageway and the combustion chamber of the first cylinder is blocked, and a non-zero angular offset exists between the cycles of the cylinders. The device (4, 5) controls the start of injection by interrupting, in an intermittent and predetermined fashion, the communication between the passageway (9) and the pump crankcase.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de commande ou contrôle de début d'introduction sous pression de mélange carburé dans un premier cylindre d'un moteur à combustion interne tel que décrit dans le préambule de la revendication 1. Un tel dispositif est connu selon le document EP-A-0.296.969.The subject of the present invention is a device for controlling or controlling the start of the introduction under pressure of a fuel mixture into a first cylinder of an internal combustion engine as described in the preamble of claim 1. Such a device is known according to document EP-A-0.296.969.

Ainsi la présente invention concerne le contrôle de début de l'injection pneumatique. La source de pression utilisée est fournie par la pression régnant dans le carter du cylindre qui est décalé angulairement et peut être notamment, en retard de 120° vilebrequin (cas d'un moteur 3, 6, ..., 3n cylindres) en retard de 90° vilebrequin (cas d'un moteur 4, 8, ..., 4n cylindres) par rapport au cylindre considéré où a lieu l'introduction de mélange carburé. Cette source de pression n'est pas stockée.Thus the present invention relates to the control of the start of pneumatic injection. The pressure source used is supplied by the pressure prevailing in the cylinder casing which is angularly offset and can in particular be delayed by 120 ° crankshaft (in the case of an engine 3, 6, ..., 3n cylinders) late 90 ° crankshaft (in the case of a 4, 8, ..., 4n cylinder engine) with respect to the cylinder in question where the fuel mixture is introduced. This pressure source is not stored.

La présente invention peut s'appliquer notamment aux moteurs à combustion interne 2 temps à allumage commandé.The present invention can be applied in particular to 2-stroke internal combustion engines with spark ignition.

Selon la présente invention, on contrôle l'instant ou le moment du début de l'introduction de mélange carburé sous pression de cette source de gaz sous pression dans le cylindre considéré. L'arrivée de gaz en provenance de cette source de pression dans un organe de dosage de carburant prépare un mélange carburé pouvant être introduit dans le cylindre concerné à travers un orifice de préférence ouvert pendant l'arrivée du gaz de cette source de pression. Cet orifice peut se trouver dans la culasse.According to the present invention, the instant or the moment of the start of the introduction of pressurized fuel mixture from this source of pressurized gas into the cylinder under consideration is controlled. The arrival of gas from this pressure source in a fuel metering device prepares a fuel mixture which can be introduced into the cylinder concerned through an orifice preferably open during the arrival of gas from this pressure source. This hole can be in the cylinder head.

Selon la présente invention, cet orifice peut être ouvert avant l'arrivée de l'air sous pression puisque, selon la présente invention, le début de l'injection est contrôlé par des moyens spécifiques. Cet orifice placé au voisinage du cylindre concerné peut comporter un boisseau tournant, une soupape commandée ou une soupape automatique (type clapet anti-retour) dont l'ouverture est commandée par la pression provenant de la source de pression et des moyens de contrôle du début de l'injection.According to the present invention, this orifice can be opened before the arrival of the pressurized air since, according to the present invention, the start of the injection is controlled by specific means. This orifice placed in the vicinity of the cylinder concerned may include a rotating plug, a controlled valve or an automatic valve (non-return valve type), the opening of which is controlled by the pressure originating from the pressure source and from the start control means. of the injection.

Cet orifice peut aussi se trouver sur les parois cylindriques du cylindre concerné lui-même. Son ouverture peut alors en être contrôlée par le mouvement du piston (cas d'une lumière) combiné à un dispositif anti-retour de type clapet (ou à un boisseau rotatif).This orifice can also be located on the cylindrical walls of the cylinder concerned itself. Its opening can then be controlled by the movement of the piston (in the case of a light) combined with a non-return valve type device (or a rotary plug).

Par exemple, un mode de réalisation de ce type peut consister à relier le carter du cylindre retardé de 120° ou 90° vilebrequin au cylindre considéré, via une canalisation arrivant du côté opposé à l'échappement dans le cylindre considéré.For example, one embodiment of this type may consist in connecting the cylinder housing delayed by 120 ° or 90 ° crankshaft to the cylinder considered, via a pipe arriving from the side opposite to the exhaust in the cylinder considered.

Dans la mesure où le lieu de dosage du carburant (en amont de l'orifice d'admission débouchant dans le cylindre) n'est pas sous une pression supérieure à la pression ambiante pendant tout le temps en dehors de la période d'introduction de mélange carburé, ce dosage peut s'effectuer à l'aide d'injecteurs basse pression, mais aussi à l'aide de dispositifs plus simples, comme, par exemple, un carburateur du type de ceux utilisés à l'admission d'un moteur deux-temps.Insofar as the place of metering of the fuel (upstream of the intake orifice opening into the cylinder) is not under a pressure greater than the ambient pressure during all the time outside the period of introduction of fuel mixture, this dosage can be done using low pressure injectors, but also using simpler devices, such as, for example, a carburetor of the type used for the intake of an engine two-stroke.

Dans le cas d'une injection à travers une lumière usinée dans le cylindre considéré, le système selon l'invention permet de retarder l'injection, donc de diminuer la fraction de courtcircuitée à l'échappement.In the case of an injection through a machined lumen in the cylinder considered, the system according to the invention makes it possible to delay the injection, therefore to reduce the fraction of short-circuited in the exhaust.

Par ailleurs, l'utilisation d'un piston de type à déflecteur peut améliorer le fonctionnement du moteur équipé du dispositif d'injection dans une lumière arrière (opposée à la lumière d'échappement) selon l'invention.Furthermore, the use of a piston of the deflector type can improve the operation of the engine equipped with the injection device in a rear light (opposite to the exhaust light) according to the invention.

Dans le cas d'une soupape commandée au niveau du cylindre considéré, le système selon l'invention permet d'avancer l'ouverture de la soupape commandée sans qu'il y ait injection de carburant et donc d'augmenter le temps d'ouverture de la soupape. Ainsi, la distribution (cinématique) est moins sévère sur le plan du régime critique et ce sans augmenter le court-circuitage du carburant à l'échappement.In the case of a valve controlled at the level of the cylinder in question, the system according to the invention makes it possible to advance the opening of the controlled valve without fuel being injected and therefore to increase the opening time of the valve. Thus, the distribution (kinematic) is less severe in terms of critical speed and this without increasing the short-circuiting of the fuel to the exhaust.

Dans le cas d'une soupape automatique au niveau du cylindre considéré, la présente invention permet de retarder l'injection donc d'avoir moins de rejets de carburant dûs au court-circuitage à l'échappement. De plus, l'effet dynamique produit par ce retard de l'onde de pression peut permettre d'utiliser un ressort plus raide et donc d'avoir une fermeture plus rapide de la soupape.In the case of an automatic valve at the level of the cylinder in question, the present invention makes it possible to delay the injection therefore to have fewer fuel rejections due to the short-circuiting at the exhaust. In addition, the dynamic effect produced by this delay in the pressure wave can make it possible to use a stiffer spring and therefore to have a faster closing of the valve.

Enfin le dispositif selon l'invention peut permettre dans certains cas, en ce qui concerne l'injection décalée de 90°, de diminuer plus fortement encore le court-circuitage à l'échappement, naturellement plus prononcé que dans le cas d'une injection décalée de 120°, en retardant le moment de début d'injection.Finally, the device according to the invention can make it possible in certain cases, with regard to the injection offset by 90 °, to further reduce the short-circuiting to the exhaust, which is naturally more pronounced than in the case of an injection. offset by 120 °, delaying the start of injection time.

Selon la présente invention, ce dispositif comporte des moyens de commande du début d'injection, ces moyens interrompent de manière intermittente et prédéterminée la communication entre ladite canalisation et ledit carter-pompe, ces moyens permettent ainsi de réaliser une introduction retardée de tout le mélange carburé sous pression afin de décaler dans le temps l'injection dudit mélange carburé vis-à-vis de l'introduction de gaz frais, ces moyens comportent une lumière dans la jupe du piston dudit autre cylindre et une ouverture aménagée dans la partie inférieure de l'autre cylindre, l'ouverture coopère avec la lumière dans la jupe du piston de l'autre cylindre, cette lumière est disposée de façon telle que l'injection ne débutera qu'après le point mort bas du piston du premier cylindre.According to the present invention, this device comprises means for controlling the start of injection, these means intermittently and predetermined interrupt the communication between said pipe and said pump housing, these means thus make it possible to carry out a delayed introduction of the entire mixture fuel under pressure in order to offset the injection of said fuel mixture over time with respect to the introduction of fresh gas, these means have a light in the skirt of the piston of said other cylinder and an opening in the lower part of the other cylinder, the opening cooperates with the light in the skirt of the piston of the other cylinder, this light is arranged in such a way that the injection will only start after the bottom dead center of the piston of the first cylinder.

Le point le plus haut de ladite ouverture pourra être placé dans la partie inférieure de l'autre cylindre, au voisinage de la position la plus basse occupée par la partie haute du piston de cet autre cylindre.The highest point of said opening may be placed in the lower part of the other cylinder, in the vicinity of the lowest position occupied by the upper part of the piston of this other cylinder.

La longueur de la jupe pourra être adaptée de façon à ce que la partie inférieure de cette jupe obture l'ouverture dès que la pression dans le carter-pompe est supérieure à la pression dans la partie supérieure du premier cylindre ceci afin de contrôler le début d'injection. Bien entendu, l'ouverture sera démasquée par la lumière de la jupe ultérieurement au moment où débutera l'injection pneumatique.The length of the skirt can be adapted so that the lower part of this skirt closes the opening as soon as the pressure in the pump casing is greater than the pressure in the upper part of the first cylinder this in order to control the start injection. Of course, the opening will be unmasked by the lumen of the skirt later when the pneumatic injection begins.

Les moyens d'obturation pourront comporter l'un des éléments suivants : une soupape automatique, une soupape commandée, un boisseau tournant, ou une lumière ménagée dans ledit premier cylindre et coopérant avec le piston de ce premier cylindre.The closure means may include one of the following elements: an automatic valve, a controlled valve, a rotating plug, or a light formed in said first cylinder and cooperating with the piston of this first cylinder.

La canalisation pourra comporter un clapet anti-retour empêchant l'écoulement en provenance du premier cylindre dans cette canalisation.The pipeline may include a non-return valve preventing flow from the first cylinder in this pipeline.

Le décalage entre le premier et l'autre cylindre pourra être notamment de 90°, ou de 120°.The offset between the first and the other cylinder may in particular be 90 °, or 120 °.

L'invention sera bien comprise à la lecture de la description suivante d'exemples de réalisation, illustrée par les figures annexées, parmi lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 représente les courbes de pression cylindre et carter.
  • Les figures 2 et 2A représentent en coupe un cylindre selon l'invention.
  • Les figures 3A et 3F représentent le dispositif selon l'invention a des instants différents du cycle, et la figure 4 illustre un dispositif à déflecteur.
The invention will be clearly understood on reading the following description of exemplary embodiments, illustrated by the appended figures, among which:
  • Figure 1 shows the cylinder and crankcase pressure curves.
  • Figures 2 and 2A show in section a cylinder according to the invention.
  • Figures 3A and 3F show the device according to the invention at different times of the cycle, and Figure 4 illustrates a deflector device.

Les exemples donnés ci-après concernent un moteur à 2 temps.The examples given below relate to a 2-stroke engine.

La figure 1 montre en trait plein portant la référence P1, la courbe de variation de la pression cylindre dans lequel on injecte le mélange carburé pendantla phase de balayage de ce cylindre. Ce cylindre est qualifié de cylindre considéré.Figure 1 shows in solid lines with the reference P1, the variation curve of the cylinder pressure into which the fuel mixture is injected during the scanning phase of this cylinder. This cylinder is qualified as considered cylinder.

La courbe de variation de la pression dans le carter du cylindre en retard de 120° est indiquée en trait pointillé et porte la référence P2. Ce carter retardé de 120° par rapport au cylindre considéré représente la source de gaz sous pression, ou source de pression. La figure 1 montre bien que la pression de cette source est supérieure à la pression du cylindre pendant une grande partie du balayage allant de 150° vilebrequin à 265° vilebrequin.The pressure variation curve in the cylinder housing which is 120 ° behind is indicated in dotted lines and bears the reference P2. This housing delayed by 120 ° relative to the cylinder considered represents the source of gas under pressure, or source of pressure. FIG. 1 clearly shows that the pressure of this source is greater than the pressure of the cylinder during a large part of the sweep ranging from 150 ° crankshaft to 265 ° crankshaft.

Cette source de pression peut donc permettre l'introduction de mélange carburé pendant toute cette partie du cycle de fonctionnement du cylindre considéré où la différence de pression est suffisante.This pressure source can therefore allow the introduction of fuel mixture during this whole part of the operating cycle of the cylinder considered where the pressure difference is sufficient.

Les moyens de commande du début d'injection selon l'invention permettent de contrôler plus ou moins l'instant le plus favorable pour l'introduction de ce mélange carburé.The means for controlling the start of injection according to the invention make it possible to control more or less the most favorable instant for the introduction of this fuel mixture.

La référence 1 désigne le cylindre dans lequel on effectue l'injection de carburant figure 3A.The reference 1 designates the cylinder in which the fuel injection is carried out in FIG. 3A.

La référence 2 désigne le cylindre à partir duquel on effectue le début d'injection.Reference 2 designates the cylinder from which the injection is started.

Les figures 2 et 2A montrent un tel cylindre.Figures 2 and 2A show such a cylinder.

La référence 3 désigne le piston qui comporte une lumière 4 ménagée dans sa jupe 7 qui coopère avec une ouverture 5 ménagée dans la paroi du cylindre.The reference 3 designates the piston which has a light 4 formed in its skirt 7 which cooperates with an opening 5 formed in the wall of the cylinder.

L'ouverture 5 est positionnnée préférentiellement pour ne pas être en contact avec la chambre de combustion 6, même lorsque le piston 3 est au point mort bas (PMB).The opening 5 is preferably positioned so as not to be in contact with the combustion chamber 6, even when the piston 3 is in bottom dead center (PMB).

Ainsi l'ouverture 5 débouche dans la partie du cylindre qui coopère avec la jupe, mais qui n'appartient pas à la partie qui contient des gaz brulés.Thus the opening 5 opens into the part of the cylinder which cooperates with the skirt, but which does not belong to the part which contains burnt gases.

La référence 8 désigne le conduit d'échappement.The reference 8 designates the exhaust pipe.

La référence 9 désigne la canalisation qui met en communication l'ouverture 5 avec le cylindre considéré.The reference 9 designates the pipe which places the opening 5 in communication with the cylinder in question.

Les bords supérieur et inférieur 10 et 11 de la lumière 4, ainsi que l'ouverture 5 sont positionnés de manière à commander les instants de début et de fin d'injection.The upper and lower edges 10 and 11 of the lumen 4, as well as the opening 5 are positioned so as to control the instants of start and end of injection.

L'injection dans le cylindre considéré se fait à partir des gaz comprimés du carter-pompe 12 du cylindre 2.The injection into the cylinder in question is carried out using compressed gases from the pump housing 12 of cylinder 2.

La référence 13 désigne le clapet d'introduction des gaz frais dans le carter-pompe 12.Reference 13 designates the valve for introducing fresh gases into the pump housing 12.

La référence 13 désigne la bougie d'allumage et la référence 14 l'ensemble bielle-manivelle du cylindre 2.The reference 13 designates the spark plug and the reference 14 the rod-crank assembly of the cylinder 2.

La figure 2A est une coupe suivant AA de la figure 2. Sur cette figure 2, les références 15 et 16 désignent les lumières de transfert latérales.FIG. 2A is a section along AA in FIG. 2. In this FIG. 2, the references 15 and 16 designate the lateral transfer lights.

La référence 17 désigne une lumière arrière servant à l'injection ou une lumière de transfert arrière suivant le cas.Reference 17 designates a rear light used for injection or a rear transfer light as appropriate.

Les éléments communs aux figures 2, 2A et 3A portent les mêmes références.The elements common to Figures 2, 2A and 3A bear the same references.

Sur la figure 3A, comme cela a été dit, la référence 1 désigne le cylindre dans lequel on effectue l'introduction de carburant. Le cylindre 1 comporte une chambre de combustion 18 une bougie 19 un conduit d'échappement 20 une lumière de transfert 21 un carter-pompe 22.In FIG. 3A, as has been said, the reference 1 designates the cylinder into which the fuel is introduced. The cylinder 1 comprises a combustion chamber 18 a spark plug 19 an exhaust duct 20 a transfer light 21 a pump housing 22.

La flèche 23 désigne le sens de rotation du vilebrequin.The arrow 23 designates the direction of rotation of the crankshaft.

La référence 24 désigne l'extrémité de la canalisation 9 au voisinage du cylindre considéré 1.The reference 24 designates the end of the pipe 9 in the vicinity of the cylinder considered 1.

Dans ce mode de réalisation l'injection se fait par injecteur basse pression 25. Cependant, celui-ci peut être remplacé par un autre système d'alimentation en carburant tel un carburateur ou une pompe à injection.In this embodiment the injection is made by low pressure injector 25. However, this can be replaced by another fuel supply system such as a carburetor or an injection pump.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3A une lumière 26 coopère avec le piston 27.In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, a light 26 cooperates with the piston 27.

L'extrémité 24 de la canalisation 9 débouche sur cette lumière 26 qui communique avec la chambre de combustion 18 lorsque le piston 27 du cylindre considéré est au point mort bas.The end 24 of the pipe 9 opens onto this port 26 which communicates with the combustion chamber 18 when the piston 27 of the cylinder in question is at bottom dead center.

Dans ce mode de réalisation on utilise un clapet anti-retour 28 qui évite le retour des gaz vers le carter-pompe 12 du cylindre 2 servant de source de pression. Ce clapet 28 pourra être situé n'importe où dans la canalisation 9 et l'injecteur ou le système d'alimentation en carburant pourra être aussi bien en amont qu'en aval de ce clapet.In this embodiment, a non-return valve 28 is used which prevents the return of gases to the pump housing 12 of the cylinder 2 serving as a pressure source. This valve 28 can be located anywhere in the line 9 and the injector or the fuel supply system can be both upstream and downstream of this valve.

Les figures 3A et 3F représentent le mode de réalisation de la figure 2A à différents instants du cycle.Figures 3A and 3F show the embodiment of Figure 2A at different times in the cycle.

Les organes communs à ces figures portent les mêmes références et ont été indiqués sur les figures quand cela est nécessaire pour la bonne compréhension de la présente description.The members common to these figures have the same references and have been indicated in the figures when necessary for the proper understanding of the present description.

Sur la figure 3A l'ouverture 5 du cylindre est sur le point d'être découverte par la lumière 4 ménagée dans le jupe 7 du piston 3.In FIG. 3A, the opening 5 of the cylinder is about to be discovered by the opening 4 made in the skirt 7 of the piston 3.

Le piston 3 est en phase descendante comme l'indique la flèche 29. Le bord 11 de la lumière 4 va découvrir l'ouverture 5.The piston 3 is in the descending phase as indicated by the arrow 29. The edge 11 of the light 4 will discover the opening 5.

Ainsi la pression dans le carter pompe 12 va servir de source de pression à l'injection pneumatique dans le cylindre 1.Thus the pressure in the pump casing 12 will serve as a source of pressure for the pneumatic injection into the cylinder 1.

Sur cette figure la configuration de la jupe 7 du piston 3 fait que l'injection ne débutera qu'après le point mort bas du piston 27 du cylindre 1. On repousse ainsi l'injection d'au moins 30, vilebrequin. La position du bord 11 et de la hauteur de la lumière 4 du piston 3 détermine le début et la durée maximum de l'injection.In this figure the configuration of the skirt 7 of the piston 3 means that the injection will only start after the bottom dead center of the piston 27 of the cylinder 1. The injection is thus postponed by at least 30, crankshaft. The position of the edge 11 and the height of the lumen 4 of the piston 3 determines the start and the maximum duration of the injection.

Sur la figure 3B les transferts latéraux 21 du cylindre 1 sont sur le point d'être fermés et l'injection est sur le point d'être terminée.In FIG. 3B the lateral transfers 21 of the cylinder 1 are about to be closed and the injection is about to be finished.

Les flèches 30 indiquent le mouvement de gaz sous pression provenant du carter 12 du cylindre 2.The arrows 30 indicate the movement of pressurized gas coming from the casing 12 of the cylinder 2.

Le carburant introduit par l'injecteur 25 est pulvérisé et transféré dans la chambre de combustion 18 comme l'indique les flèches 31.The fuel introduced by the injector 25 is sprayed and transferred to the combustion chamber 18 as indicated by the arrows 31.

L'ensemble du dispositif d'injection pneumatique peut être du type décrit dans le brevet français 2.575.521.The entire pneumatic injection device can be of the type described in French patent 2,575,521.

La fin d'injection peut être commandée par le piston 27 qui obture la lumière 26 ou la jupe 7 du piston 3 qui obture l'ouverture 5 par le bord 10 de la lumière 4.The end of injection can be controlled by the piston 27 which closes the opening 26 or the skirt 7 of the piston 3 which closes the opening 5 by the edge 10 of the opening 4.

Durant l'injection le clapet 28 est ouvert.During the injection the valve 28 is open.

La lumière 26 pourra être placée légèrement plus haut que les lumières de transfert latérales 21.The light 26 may be placed slightly higher than the lateral transfer lights 21.

Sur la figure 3B le piston 27 remonte et le piston 3 descend.In FIG. 3B the piston 27 rises and the piston 3 descends.

Sur la figure 3C les pistons 27 et 3 dont les cycles sont décalés de 120, remontent. L'injection pneumatique est terminée et la jupe 7 du cylindre 2 masque l'ouverture 5.
Sur cette figure, le piston 3 est au point mort bas.In FIG. 3C the pistons 27 and 3, the cycles of which are offset by 120, go back up. The pneumatic injection is complete and the skirt 7 of the cylinder 2 masks the opening 5.
In this figure, the piston 3 is in bottom dead center.

L'extrémité supérieure de l'ouverture 5 affleure avec le bord 32 du piston 3.The upper end of the opening 5 is flush with the edge 32 of the piston 3.

Sur la figure 3D, le piston 27 est au point mort haut et va amorcer sa course descendante comme l'indique le flèche 33.In FIG. 3D, the piston 27 is in top dead center and will start its downward stroke as indicated by arrow 33.

Le piston 3 est en phase montante.The piston 3 is in the rising phase.

La hauteur de la jupe 34 du piston 27 et la position de la lumière 26 pourront être déterminées pour maintenir une bonne étanchéité entre le carter 12 et le carter 22 dans le cas où l'ouverture 5 est déjà déconnectée.The height of the skirt 34 of the piston 27 and the position of the light 26 can be determined to maintain a good seal between the housing 12 and the housing 22 in the case where the opening 5 is already disconnected.

La figure 3E montre le début de l'ouverture de lumière 26 d'injection du cylindre 1.FIG. 3E shows the start of the opening of light 26 for injecting the cylinder 1.

Le clapet 28 empêche l'écoulement des gaz de la chambre de combustion 18 vers le carter-pompe 12.The valve 28 prevents the gas from flowing from the combustion chamber 18 to the pump housing 12.

Enfin, le figure 3F correspond à une position du piston 27 à 150° vilebrequin après le point mort haut.Finally, Figure 3F corresponds to a position of the piston 27 at 150 ° crankshaft after top dead center.

La pression des gaz dans la carter 12 commence à être plus élevée que la pression dans la chambre de combustion 18.The pressure of the gases in the casing 12 begins to be higher than the pressure in the combustion chamber 18.

Il convient qu'à 150° vilebrequin après le point mort haut du cylindre 1 l'ouverture 5 soit obturée par le piston 3, afin d'empêcher momentanément le carter 12 de se vider dans le cylindre 1.It is appropriate that at 150 ° crankshaft after the top dead center of the cylinder 1 the opening 5 is closed by the piston 3, in order to temporarily prevent the casing 12 from emptying into the cylinder 1.

Sur la figure 4 le piston 27 du cylindre 1 comporte un déflecteur 35 qui améliore le fonctionnement du dispositif .In FIG. 4, the piston 27 of the cylinder 1 includes a deflector 35 which improves the operation of the device.

Sur le mode de réalisation selon l'invention, illustré par les figures 3A à 3F on a représenté un clapet 28 à l'extrémité 24 du conduit 9. On ne sortira pas du cadre de la présente invention en remplaçant ce dispositif par l'un des dispositifs tel une soupape commandée par un boisseau tournant tel que décrit dans le brevet EP-296 969.On the embodiment according to the invention, illustrated by FIGS. 3A to 3F, a valve 28 has been shown at the end 24 of the duct 9. We will not depart from the scope of the present invention by replacing this device with one devices such as a valve controlled by a rotary plug as described in patent EP-296,969.

Enfin, le cylindre 1 pourra comporter le même système que le cylindre 2 et pourra servir à l'injection pneumatique dans un troisième cylindre en avance de 120° ou de 90° vilebrequin par rapport au cylindre 1.Finally, cylinder 1 may have the same system as cylinder 2 and may be used for pneumatic injection into a third cylinder in advance of 120 ° or 90 ° crankshaft relative to cylinder 1.

Claims (6)

  1. Device for controlling the start of the pressurised introduction of the carburetted mixture into a first cylinder (1) in an internal combustion engine, this engine having:
    - at least one other cylinder (2) having a crankcase (12) constituting the source of pressure for the pneumatic injection into the said first cylinder,
    - a connecting duct (9) between the said crankcase (12) and the top part of the first cylinder (1),
    - fuel supply means (25) disposed on the said pipe (9),
    - each cylinder including at least one transfer port (15, 16, 26) intended to introduce air into its own combustion chamber (18, 6), the said connecting duct (9) opening out through at least one dedicated orifice (26) in the combustion chamber (18) in order to form, in cooperation with the piston (27) in the said first cylinder (1), a means (26, 27) for closing off the communication between the said duct (9) and the combustion chamber (18) of the first cylinder (1), an angular offset greater than zero existing between the cycles of the said cylinders, the said carburetted mixture being formed in the said duct (9), upstream of the crankcase (12), characterised in that it also includes means for controlling the start of injection (4, 5, 10, 11), the said means interrupting intermittently and in a predetermined fashion the communication between the said duct and the said crankcase (12), the said means thus making it possible to achieve a retarded introduction of all the carburetted mixture under pressure in order to offset in time the injection of the said carburetted mixture vis-a-vis the introduction of fresh gas, the said means including a port (4) in a skirt (7) on the piston (3) in the said other cylinder and an opening (5) provided in the lower part of the said other cylinder (2), the said opening (5) cooperating with the said port (4) in the skirt (7) on the piston in the said other cylinder (2), this port (4) being disposed in such a way that the injection will start only after the bottom dead centre of the piston (27) in the said first cylinder.
  2. Device according to one of Claims 2 to 3, characterised in that the highest point of the said opening is positioned in the lower part of the said other cylinder (2) in the vicinity of the lowest position occupied by the top part of the piston in the said other cylinder (Figure 3C).
  3. Device according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the length of the said skirt (7) is adapted so that the lower part of the said skirt closes off the said opening as soon as the pressure in the said crankcase is greater than the pressure in the top part of the said first cylinder, the said opening being unblocked subsequently to allow the start of pneumatic injection.
  4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said obturation means (26, 27) include one of the following components: an automatic valve, a controlled valve, a rotating throttle chamber, or a port provided in the said first cylinder and cooperating with the piston in the said first cylinder.
  5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said duct has a non-return valve (28) preventing flow originating from the said first cylinder (1) into the said duct (9).
  6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the offset between the said cylinders (1 and 2) is either 90° or 120°.
EP90401792A 1989-06-30 1990-06-25 Device for controlling the start of the introduction of pressurized mixture in an internal combustion engine and its application to the two-stroke engine Expired - Lifetime EP0406083B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90401792T ATE93932T1 (en) 1989-06-30 1990-06-25 DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE INITIAL PRESSURE MIXTURE INLET FOR AN INTERNAL ENGINE AND ITS USE IN THE TWO-STROKE ENGINE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8908855 1989-06-30
FR8908855A FR2649158A1 (en) 1989-06-30 1989-06-30 DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE INTRODUCTION OF THE CARBIDE MIXTURE IN PRESSURE IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE 2-STROKE ENGINE

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EP0406083A1 EP0406083A1 (en) 1991-01-02
EP0406083B1 true EP0406083B1 (en) 1993-09-01

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US (1) US5060602A (en)
EP (1) EP0406083B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03206352A (en)
AT (1) ATE93932T1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2649158A1 (en)

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DE59101370D1 (en) * 1990-09-07 1994-05-19 Laimboeck Franz External ignition two-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine with crankcase scavenging.
US5249557A (en) * 1991-02-18 1993-10-05 Sanshin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel injection system for two cycle engine
US5271358A (en) * 1991-03-20 1993-12-21 Sanshin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel injection system for engine
FR2693233B1 (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-08-19 Inst Francais Du Petrole Device for controlling the pneumatic injection of a carbide mixture into a two-stroke internal combustion engine and associated use.
US6079379A (en) * 1998-04-23 2000-06-27 Design & Manufacturing Solutions, Inc. Pneumatically controlled compressed air assisted fuel injection system
US6273037B1 (en) 1998-08-21 2001-08-14 Design & Manufacturing Solutions, Inc. Compressed air assisted fuel injection system
US6293235B1 (en) 1998-08-21 2001-09-25 Design & Manufacturing Solutions, Inc. Compressed air assisted fuel injection system with variable effective reflection length
US7438044B2 (en) * 2005-07-28 2008-10-21 Advanced Engine Technology Ltd. Light-weight compact diesel engine

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ATE93932T1 (en) 1993-09-15
JPH03206352A (en) 1991-09-09
US5060602A (en) 1991-10-29
FR2649158B1 (en) 1994-04-22
FR2649158A1 (en) 1991-01-04
EP0406083A1 (en) 1991-01-02
DE69003035T2 (en) 1993-12-16
DE69003035D1 (en) 1993-10-07

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