EP0404691A2 - Earthing post - Google Patents

Earthing post Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0404691A2
EP0404691A2 EP90401780A EP90401780A EP0404691A2 EP 0404691 A2 EP0404691 A2 EP 0404691A2 EP 90401780 A EP90401780 A EP 90401780A EP 90401780 A EP90401780 A EP 90401780A EP 0404691 A2 EP0404691 A2 EP 0404691A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stake
segment
cylindrical
cavity
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90401780A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0404691B1 (en
EP0404691A3 (en
Inventor
Michel Vassallucci
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DUCLOS ENVIRONNEMENT
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DUCLOS ENVIRONNEMENT
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Priority to AT90401780T priority Critical patent/ATE99080T1/en
Publication of EP0404691A2 publication Critical patent/EP0404691A2/en
Publication of EP0404691A3 publication Critical patent/EP0404691A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0404691B1 publication Critical patent/EP0404691B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/66—Connections with the terrestrial mass, e.g. earth plate, earth pin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of grounding electrodes. We know that such electrodes must simultaneously assume several functions, in particular: - drain fault and lightning currents into the ground; - at all times to maintain the security of people and property and, - maintain a reference potential.
  • grounding electrodes by driving earth stakes into the ground.
  • This form of grounding electrode is simple, efficient and quick to implement by manual driving with a mass or by mechanical driving with a pneumatic, electric or gas hammer.
  • Such a grounding method requires knowledge of the resistivity and hardness of the ground at depth. Based on these data and the earth resistance sought, it is possible to determine approximately the length of the earth stake (s) to be installed. For obvious practical reasons, when the length of a stake exceeds a value of the order of 1 to 2 m, the stake is made up as it is driven into the ground by abutting stake segments by screwing, latching, sleeving or fitting, only the first stake segment being provided with means for ensuring penetration into the ground.
  • the quality of an earth stake depends largely on the quality of the junctions of its constituent elements with, in addition to the qualities of mechanical resistance and electrical contact essential: good resistance to corrosion.
  • connection of an earth rod to an electrical conductor which connects several earth rods together to form an extended earth socket, or which connects, via an earth rod , the earth connection at the main measurement terminal of the installation to be protected guarantees better security if it cannot be dismantled: in fact, the earth connection and the electrical conductor which connects it to the main measurement terminal form a whole and it is not necessary that at any time, occasionally, by simply dismantling a connection terminal, its configuration can be changed.
  • the present invention has set itself the objective of producing an improved ground stake which meets, in all cases of use, the quality and safety requirements mentioned above.
  • the subject of the invention is an earth stake, characterized in that it consists of: one or more rod segments, the ends of which have a shape allowing said segments to force-fit one inside the other, according to a longitudinal centering, as it is driven into the ground until the desired stake length is obtained and a head coming to force-fit longitudinally on the last segment, this head being designed so as to ensure the connection of an electrical conductor to the stake, and it includes for this purpose an orifice in which said conductor is blocked.
  • the first rod segment of the earth stake is provided before its insertion into the ground with a penetration point.
  • the earth stake comprises one or more axial reinforcement sleeves which are placed by sleeving respectively between two rod segments of said stake, while preserving the push fit of the rod segments between them.
  • the earth stake according to the present invention can be put in place for example using a driving fork which can be used alone according to the driving equipment used to ensure the driving of the stake, but which is preferably covered with a driving bolt to which it can be secured by means of an elastic pin, placed perpendicular to the axis of said bolt, this bolt / bolt assembly constituting a head of threshing.
  • a driving fork which can be used alone according to the driving equipment used to ensure the driving of the stake, but which is preferably covered with a driving bolt to which it can be secured by means of an elastic pin, placed perpendicular to the axis of said bolt, this bolt / bolt assembly constituting a head of threshing.
  • a grounding stake according to the present invention is produced by fitting one into the other according to a longitudinal centering of one or more stake segments 1, 1 ′, this interlocking being carried out as it is driven into the ground until the desired stake length is obtained.
  • Each of the stake segments 1, 1 ′ is preferably monometallic, it has a cylindrical shape and it has at one of its ends a shoulder connected by a rounded 2 to a compound finger a cylindrical body 3 which is extended by a frustoconical body 4 ending in a point 5.
  • the other end of each stake segment is provided with a cylindrical cavity 6 having an internal chamfer 7 and a conical bottom 8 .
  • the stake according to the invention further comprises a head called "self-connecting" head which is designed so as to allow the connection of an electrical conductor to said stake.
  • this self-connecting head 9 has a frustoconical cavity 10 opening onto a cylindrical cavity 11 having a crown projection 12 which makes it possible to mechanically wedge a cylindrical pellet 15 provided with a chamfer 16 whose upper surface is located in a plane tangent to an orifice 13 which is provided with the self-connecting head 9 and which allows the passage of the electrical conductor to be trapped mechanically in this head perpendicular to the stake.
  • the self-connecting head also comprises an external chamfer 14.
  • one or more sleeves for axially reinforcing the earth stake can be provided.
  • a sleeve designated hereinafter "axial reinforcement sleeve” is placed by sleeving between two rod segments 1, 1 ′ while preserving the forced fit of the rod segments of said stake between them.
  • an axial reinforcement sleeve 18 is symmetrical with respect to a ring 21 projecting inside a cylindrical cavity 20 extended by a frustoconical cavity 19 at each end of the axial reinforcement sleeve 18.
  • the outer cylindrical part of the sleeve is extended at each end by a frustoconical part 22.
  • the stake segment 1 ′ is provided with a penetration point 23 allowing it to be driven into the ground.
  • This penetration point 23 is provided with a cavity 6 which is identical to the cavity designated by the same reference and with which the stake segments are provided.
  • This tip of penetration 23 ends with a conical part 24 ensuring penetration into the ground.
  • the earth stake described above can be put in place by driving into the ground using a threshing head, an exemplary embodiment of which has been shown in FIG. 3.
  • the threshing head comprises two essential elements: a drive-in yoke 31 and a drive chuck 25.
  • the driving fork 31 consists of a cylindrical body 33 provided with a chamfer 35 and a shoulder connected by a rounding 34 to a cylindrical finger 32 terminated by a slightly pointed end 36.
  • the driving button 25 comprises a cylindrical cavity 28 connected by a chamfer 29 to a second cylindrical cavity 27 of smaller diameter.
  • This bolt further comprises a longitudinal notch 30 on each of its sides, an outer chamfer 26 and an orifice 37 intended to receive an elastic pin (not shown in the drawing).
  • This elastic pin placed perpendicularly to the axis of the bolt 25 has the function of securing said bolt and the driving fork 31 so as to constitute the threshing head according to the invention.
  • the first stake segment 1 ⁇ is driven into the ground using a tool jacking which transmits shocks via the threshing head according to the invention, described above with reference to FIG. 3.
  • This head constituted by the assembly of the yoke 31 and the chuck 25 is dimensioned such that the finger of the driving fork 31 can penetrate into the cavity 6 of the stake segment and that only the conical end 36 of this finger is in longitudinal contact with the bottom 8 of the cavity 6 during driving.
  • the diameter of the cavity 27 must be slightly greater than the diameter of the stake segment such as 1, 1 ′ or 1 ⁇ and of the cylindrical body 33 in order to ensure optimal guidance of the assembly. This arrangement avoids any deformation of the female end of the stake segment during driving.
  • the possible withdrawal of the pin placed in the orifice 37 makes it possible to replace the driving fork 31 which generally wears out faster than the driving jack 25.
  • first stake segment 1 ⁇ driven into the ground, we butt by tight fitting cylinder against cylinder as shown in the drawing a second stake segment such as 1 ′, using as before the threshing head and a driving tool (A figure 2).
  • the frustoconical part 4 of the male end of the stake segment 1 ′ serves as longitudinal guide so that the adjustment can occur in good conditions during driving.
  • This male end of the stake segment is dimensioned so that it is the shoulder which fully transmits the driving impact from one stake segment to the other when the stake is driven into the ground.
  • an axial reinforcement of the earth stake thus produced by the abutment of segments 1, 1 ′ and 1 ⁇ in particular during sinking in hard ground.
  • an axial reinforcement sleeve such as 18 (part B of FIG. 2) which has been described above with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the connection between the two stake segments such as 1, 1 ′ and the sleeve 18 is a sliding adjustment as seen in B in FIG. 2.
  • this sleeve constituted by the crown 21 located at mid-height of the sleeve makes it possible to prevent the latter from sliding off the along the stake while maintaining a tight fit, as described previously, between the male and female ends of two consecutive stake segments.
  • the frustoconical parts 19 provided at each end of the cylindrical cavities of the sleeve 18 make it possible to reduce the possible resistance to the penetration of the stake into the ground at the level of the sleeves.
  • the tight fit between the self-connecting head 9 and the stake segment such as 1 produced here cylinder against cylinder can be obtained using any other form without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • this tight fit can be obtained by direct threshing on the self-connecting head or, preferably by using the threshing head according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the dimension of the cavity 28 and the chamfer 29 which is provided with the latter allow good positioning and good transmission of threshing shocks on the self-connecting head 9, without damaging the electrical conductor placed perpendicular to the axis of the stake thanks to the notches 30.
  • the stake segment 1 pushes the pellet 15 kept integral with the rest of the self-connecting head 9 by the crown-shaped projection 12 of very small size, which is then crushed by the passage of the stake segment until mechanically wedging the electrical conductor 17 as shown in C in FIG. 2.
  • the chamfer 16 of the pad 15 makes it possible to avoid any possible initiation of shearing of the conductor 17.

Landscapes

  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

1 - Electrode earthing post characterised in that it is composed of one or more rod segments (1, 1', 1'') whose ends have a form enabling them to be forcibly fitted into each other, with longitudinal centring, as it is pushed into the ground until obtaining the desired post length and one part forming a self-connecting head (9) being forcibly fitted, with longitudinal centring, onto the final post segment, this self-connecting head being designed so as to connect an electrical conductor (17) by mechanically jamming into an opening (13) provided in the said head. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne d'une façon générale le domaine des électrodes de mise à la terre. On sait que de telles électrodes dovient assumer simultanément plusieurs fonctions notamment :
- écouler dans le sol les courants de défaut et de foudre ;
- assurer à tout moment le maintien de la sécurité des personnes et des biens et,
- maintenir un potentiel de référence.The present invention relates generally to the field of grounding electrodes. We know that such electrodes must simultaneously assume several functions, in particular:
- drain fault and lightning currents into the ground;
- at all times to maintain the security of people and property and,
- maintain a reference potential.

Il est connu de réaliser des électrodes de mise à la terre par enfoncement de piquets de prise de terre dans le sol. Cette forme d'électrode de mise à la terre est simple, efficace et rapide à mettre en oeuvre par fonçage manuel à l'aide d'une masse ou par fonçage mécanique au marteau pneumatique, électrique ou à essence.It is known to produce grounding electrodes by driving earth stakes into the ground. This form of grounding electrode is simple, efficient and quick to implement by manual driving with a mass or by mechanical driving with a pneumatic, electric or gas hammer.

Une telle méthode de mise à la terre nécessite une connaissance de la résistivité et de la dureté des terrains en profondeur. En fonction de ces données et de la résistance de terre recherchée, on peut déterminer approximativement la longueur du ou des piquets de prise de terre à mettre en place. Pour des raisons pratiques évidentes, lorsque la longueur d'un piquet dépasse une valeur de l'ordre de 1 à 2 m, le piquet est constitué au fur et à mesure de son enfoncement dans le sol en aboutant des segments de piquet par vissage, encliquetage, manchonnnage ou emboîtage, seul le premier segment de piquet étant pourvu de moyens pour assurer la pénétration dans le sol.Such a grounding method requires knowledge of the resistivity and hardness of the ground at depth. Based on these data and the earth resistance sought, it is possible to determine approximately the length of the earth stake (s) to be installed. For obvious practical reasons, when the length of a stake exceeds a value of the order of 1 to 2 m, the stake is made up as it is driven into the ground by abutting stake segments by screwing, latching, sleeving or fitting, only the first stake segment being provided with means for ensuring penetration into the ground.

La qualité d'un piquet de terre dépend en grande partie de la qualité des jonctions de ses éléments constitutifs avec, en plus des qualités de tenue mécanique et de contact électrique indispensables : une bonne résistance à la corrosion.The quality of an earth stake depends largely on the quality of the junctions of its constituent elements with, in addition to the qualities of mechanical resistance and electrical contact essential: good resistance to corrosion.

Les mêmes exigences de qualité s'appliquent au raccordement d'un piquet de terre à un conducteur électrique qui relie entre eux plusieurs piquets de terre pour former une prise de terre étendue, ou qui relie, par l'intermédiaire d'un piquet de terre, la prise de terre à la borne principale de mesure de l'installation à protéger. Un tel raccordement garantit une meilleure sécurité s'il est indémontable : en effet, la prise de terre et le conducteur électrique qui la relie à la borne principale de mesure forment un tout et il ne faut pas qu'à un moment quelconque, occasionnellement, par simple démontage d'une cosse de raccordement, on puisse en modifier la configuration.The same quality requirements apply to the connection of an earth rod to an electrical conductor which connects several earth rods together to form an extended earth socket, or which connects, via an earth rod , the earth connection at the main measurement terminal of the installation to be protected. Such a connection guarantees better security if it cannot be dismantled: in fact, the earth connection and the electrical conductor which connects it to the main measurement terminal form a whole and it is not necessary that at any time, occasionally, by simply dismantling a connection terminal, its configuration can be changed.

La présente invention s'est fixée pour objectif de réaliser un piquet de terre perfectionné qui satisfait dans tous les cas d'utilisation aux exigences de qualité et de sécurité mentionnées ci-dessus.The present invention has set itself the objective of producing an improved ground stake which meets, in all cases of use, the quality and safety requirements mentioned above.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un piquet de prise de terre caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué : d'un ou de plusieurs segments de tige, dont les extrémités présentent une forme permettant auxdits segments de s'emboîter à force les uns dans les autres, selon un centrage longitudinal, au fur et à mesure de l'enfoncement dans le sol jusqu'à l'obtention de la longueur de piquet voulue et d'une tête venant s'emboîter à force longitudinalement sur le dernier segment, cette tête étant conçue de façon à assurer le raccordement d'un conducteur électrique au piquet, et elle comporte à cet effet un orifice dans lequel vient se bloquer ledit conducteur.To this end, the subject of the invention is an earth stake, characterized in that it consists of: one or more rod segments, the ends of which have a shape allowing said segments to force-fit one inside the other, according to a longitudinal centering, as it is driven into the ground until the desired stake length is obtained and a head coming to force-fit longitudinally on the last segment, this head being designed so as to ensure the connection of an electrical conductor to the stake, and it includes for this purpose an orifice in which said conductor is blocked.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention le premier segment de tige du piquet de terre est muni avant son enfoncement dans le sol d'une pointe de pénétration.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first rod segment of the earth stake is provided before its insertion into the ground with a penetration point.

Selon une autre caractéristique de cette invention le piquet de terre comporte un ou plusieurs manchons de renforcement axial qui viennent se placer par manchonnage respectivement entre deux segments de tige dudit piquet, tout en préservant l'emboîtage à force des segments de tige entre eux.According to another characteristic of this invention, the earth stake comprises one or more axial reinforcement sleeves which are placed by sleeving respectively between two rod segments of said stake, while preserving the push fit of the rod segments between them.

Le piquet de prise de terre selon la présente invention peut être mis en place par exemple à l'aide d'une chape d'enfoncement qui peut être utilisée seule selon le matériel de fonçage mis en oeuvre pour assurer l'enfoncement du piquet, mais qui de préférence est recouverte d'une bouterolle d'enfoncement à laquelle elle peut être solidarisée par l'intermédiaire d'une goupille élastique, placée perpendiculairement à l'axe de ladite bouterolle, cet ensemble bouterolle/chape d'enfoncement constituant une tête de battage.The earth stake according to the present invention can be put in place for example using a driving fork which can be used alone according to the driving equipment used to ensure the driving of the stake, but which is preferably covered with a driving bolt to which it can be secured by means of an elastic pin, placed perpendicular to the axis of said bolt, this bolt / bolt assembly constituting a head of threshing.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de cette invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-après en référence au dessin annexé qui en illustre un exemple de réalisation et de mise en oeuvre dépourvu de tout caractère limitatif. Sur le dessin :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue éclatée en coupe axiale, verticale, partielle d'un piquet selon l'invention selon un mode de réalisation dans lequel ce piquet est pourvu d'une pointe de pénétration et d'un manchon de renforcement axial ;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue similaire à la figure 1 montrant tous les éléments du piquet de terre selon l'invention ajustés entre eux dans leur position définitive, ce piquet étant en outre raccordé à un conducteur électrique et ;
  • - la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe axiale, verticale représentant la tête de battage utilisée selon l'invention pour l'enfoncement du piquet de prise de terre illustré par les figures 1 et 2.
Other characteristics and advantages of this invention will emerge from the description given below with reference to the appended drawing which illustrates an exemplary embodiment and implementation thereof which is devoid of any limiting character. On the drawing :
  • - Figure 1 is an exploded view in axial, vertical, partial section of a stake according to the invention according to an embodiment in which this stake is provided with a penetration point and an axial reinforcement sleeve;
  • - Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing all the elements of the earth stake according to the invention adjusted together in their final position, this stake being further connected to an electrical conductor and;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial view in axial, vertical section showing the threshing head used according to the invention for the insertion of the earth stake shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

En se référant en premier lieu à la figure 1, on voit qu'un piquet de mise à la terre selon la présente invention est réalisé par l'emboîtement les uns dans les autres selon un centrage longitudinal d'un ou de plusieurs segments de piquet 1, 1′, cet emboîtement étant réalisé au fur et à mesure de l'enfoncement dans le sol jusqu'à l'obtention de la longueur de piquet voulue.Referring first to FIG. 1, it can be seen that a grounding stake according to the present invention is produced by fitting one into the other according to a longitudinal centering of one or more stake segments 1, 1 ′, this interlocking being carried out as it is driven into the ground until the desired stake length is obtained.

Chacun des segments de piquet 1, 1′ est de préférence monométallique, il présente une forme cylindrique et il comporte à l'une de ses extrémités un épaulement raccordé par un arrondi 2 à un doigt composé d'un corps cylindrique 3 qui se prolonge par un corps tronconique 4 se terminant par une pointe 5. L'autre extrémité de chaque segment de piquet est pourvue d'une cavité de forme cylindrique 6 présentant un chanfrein intérieur 7 et un fond conique 8.
Ainsi qu'on l'a vu ci-dessus, le piquet selon l'invention comporte en outre une tête dite tête "autoconnectrice" qui est conçue de façon à permettre le raccordement d'un conducteur électrique audit piquet. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré par le dessin (figure 1), cette tête autoconnectrice 9 présente une cavité tronconique 10 débouchant sur une cavité cylindrique 11 présentant une saillie en couronne 12 qui permet de coincer mécaniquement une pastille cylindrique 15 munie d'un chanfrein 16 dont la surface supérieure est située dans un plan tangent à un orifice 13 dont est munie la tête autoconnectrice 9 et qui permet le passage du conducteur électrique devant être coincé mécaniquement dans cette tête perpendiculairement au piquet.Each of the stake segments 1, 1 ′ is preferably monometallic, it has a cylindrical shape and it has at one of its ends a shoulder connected by a rounded 2 to a compound finger a cylindrical body 3 which is extended by a frustoconical body 4 ending in a point 5. The other end of each stake segment is provided with a cylindrical cavity 6 having an internal chamfer 7 and a conical bottom 8 .
As seen above, the stake according to the invention further comprises a head called "self-connecting" head which is designed so as to allow the connection of an electrical conductor to said stake. In the embodiment illustrated by the drawing (Figure 1), this self-connecting head 9 has a frustoconical cavity 10 opening onto a cylindrical cavity 11 having a crown projection 12 which makes it possible to mechanically wedge a cylindrical pellet 15 provided with a chamfer 16 whose upper surface is located in a plane tangent to an orifice 13 which is provided with the self-connecting head 9 and which allows the passage of the electrical conductor to be trapped mechanically in this head perpendicular to the stake.

La tête autoconnectrice comporte par ailleurs un chanfrein extérieur 14.The self-connecting head also comprises an external chamfer 14.

Selon l'invention on peut prévoir un ou plusieurs manchons de renforcement axial du piquet de terre. Un tel manchon désigné ci-après "manchon de renfort axial" se place par manchonnage entre deux segments de tige 1, 1′ tout en préservant l'emboîtage à force des segments de tige dudit piquet entre eux. Comme on le voit sur la figure 1, un tel manchon de renfort axial 18 est symétrique par rapport à une couronne 21 faisant saillie à l'intérieur d'une cavité cylindrique 20 prolongée par une cavité tronconique 19 à chaque extrémité du manchon de renfort axial 18. La partie cylindrique extérieure du manchon est prolongée à chaque extrémité par une partie tronconique 22.According to the invention, one or more sleeves for axially reinforcing the earth stake can be provided. Such a sleeve designated hereinafter "axial reinforcement sleeve" is placed by sleeving between two rod segments 1, 1 ′ while preserving the forced fit of the rod segments of said stake between them. As can be seen in FIG. 1, such an axial reinforcement sleeve 18 is symmetrical with respect to a ring 21 projecting inside a cylindrical cavity 20 extended by a frustoconical cavity 19 at each end of the axial reinforcement sleeve 18. The outer cylindrical part of the sleeve is extended at each end by a frustoconical part 22.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré par la figure 1, le segment de piquet 1′ est pourvu d'une pointe de pénétration 23 permettant son enfoncement dans le sol. Cette pointe de pénétration 23 est pourvue d'une cavité 6 qui est identique à la cavité désignée par la même référence et dont sont pourvus les segments de piquet. Cette pointe de pénétration 23 se termine par une partie conique 24 assurant la pénétration dans le sol.In the embodiment illustrated by FIG. 1, the stake segment 1 ′ is provided with a penetration point 23 allowing it to be driven into the ground. This penetration point 23 is provided with a cavity 6 which is identical to the cavity designated by the same reference and with which the stake segments are provided. This tip of penetration 23 ends with a conical part 24 ensuring penetration into the ground.

De préférence le piquet de terre décrit ci-dessus peut être mis en place par enfoncement dans le sol en utilisant une tête de battage dont un exemple de réalisation a été représenté sur la figure 3. Dans cet exemple de réalisation la tête de battage comprend deux éléments essentiels : une chape d'enfoncement 31 et une bouterolle d'enfoncement 25.Preferably the earth stake described above can be put in place by driving into the ground using a threshing head, an exemplary embodiment of which has been shown in FIG. 3. In this exemplary embodiment, the threshing head comprises two essential elements: a drive-in yoke 31 and a drive chuck 25.

La chape d'enfoncement 31 est constituée d'un corps cylindrique 33 muni d'un chanfrein 35 et d'un épaulement raccordé par un arrondi 34 à un doigt cylindrique 32 terminé par une extrémité légèrement pointue 36. La bouterolle d'enfoncement 25 comporte une cavité cylindrique 28 raccordée par un chanfrein 29 à une deuxième cavité cylindrique 27 de diamètre plus petit. Cette bouterolle comporte en outre une encoche longitudinale 30 sur chacun de ses côtés, un chanfrein extérieur 26 et un orifice 37 destiné à recevoir une goupille élastique (non représentée sur le dessin). Cette goupille élastique, placée perpendiculairement à l'axe de la bouterolle 25 a pour fonction de solidariser ladite bouterolle et la chape d'enfoncement 31 de manière à constituer la tête de battage selon l'invention.The driving fork 31 consists of a cylindrical body 33 provided with a chamfer 35 and a shoulder connected by a rounding 34 to a cylindrical finger 32 terminated by a slightly pointed end 36. The driving button 25 comprises a cylindrical cavity 28 connected by a chamfer 29 to a second cylindrical cavity 27 of smaller diameter. This bolt further comprises a longitudinal notch 30 on each of its sides, an outer chamfer 26 and an orifice 37 intended to receive an elastic pin (not shown in the drawing). This elastic pin, placed perpendicularly to the axis of the bolt 25 has the function of securing said bolt and the driving fork 31 so as to constitute the threshing head according to the invention.

On décrira maintenant comment s'effectue la mise en place d'un piquet de prise de terre tel que décrit ci-dessus.We will now describe how the installation of an earth stake is carried out as described above.

Comme indiqué en A sur la figure 2, on commence par mettre en place la pointe de pénétration 23 en ajustement serré, sur le premier segment de piquet 1˝ avant son enfoncement dans le sol. Dans le cas où le terrain est peu dur, la pénétration dans le sol est assurée par l'extrémité mâle 4 du premier segment de piquet 1˝, grâce à la pointe 5 de cet élément 1′ sans qu'il soit nécessaire de mettre en place une pointe de pénétration telle que 23.As indicated in A in FIG. 2, we begin by setting up the penetration point 23 in close fit, on the first stake segment 1˝ before it sinks into the ground. In the case where the ground is not very hard, the penetration into the ground is ensured by the male end 4 of the first stake segment 1˝, thanks to the point 5 of this element 1 ′ without it being necessary to put in places a penetration point such as 23.

Ensuite, le premier segment de piquet 1˝, muni ou non d'une pointe de pénétration telle que 23 est enfoncée dans le sol à l'aide d'un outil de fonçage qui transmet les chocs par l'intermédiaire de la tête de battage selon l'invention, décrite ci-dessus en référence à la figure 3. Cette tête constituée par l'assemblage de la chape 31 et de la bouterolle 25 est dimensionnée de telle sorte que le doigt de la chape d'enfoncement 31 puisse pénétrer dans la cavité 6 du segment de piquet et que seule l'extrémité conique 36 de ce doigt soit en contact longitudinal avec le fond 8 de la cavité 6 lors du fonçage. Le diamètre de la cavité 27 doit être légèrement supérieur au diamètre du segment de piquet tel que 1, 1′ ou 1˝ et du corps cylindrique 33 afin d'assurer un guidage optimal de l'ensemble. Cette disposition permet d'éviter toute déformation de l'extrémité femelle du segment de piquet lors du fonçage. Le retrait éventuel de la goupille placée dans l'orifice 37 permet de remplacer la chape d'enfoncement 31 qui s'use généralement plus vite que la bouterolle d'enfoncement 25.Then, the first stake segment 1˝, whether or not provided with a penetration point such as 23, is driven into the ground using a tool jacking which transmits shocks via the threshing head according to the invention, described above with reference to FIG. 3. This head constituted by the assembly of the yoke 31 and the chuck 25 is dimensioned such that the finger of the driving fork 31 can penetrate into the cavity 6 of the stake segment and that only the conical end 36 of this finger is in longitudinal contact with the bottom 8 of the cavity 6 during driving. The diameter of the cavity 27 must be slightly greater than the diameter of the stake segment such as 1, 1 ′ or 1˝ and of the cylindrical body 33 in order to ensure optimal guidance of the assembly. This arrangement avoids any deformation of the female end of the stake segment during driving. The possible withdrawal of the pin placed in the orifice 37 makes it possible to replace the driving fork 31 which generally wears out faster than the driving jack 25.

Une fois le premier segment de piquet 1˝ enfoncé dans le sol, on aboute par ajustement serré cylindre contre cylindre comme représenté sur le dessin un deuxième segment de piquet tel que 1′, en utilisant comme précédemment la tête de battage et un outil de fonçage (A figure 2). La partie tronconique 4 de l'extrémité mâle du segment de piquet 1′ sert de guidage longitudinal pour que l'ajustement puisse se produire dans de bonnes conditions lors du fonçage. Cette extrémité mâle de segment de piquet est dimensionnée de façon que ce soit l'épaulement qui transmette intégralement les chocs de fonçage d'un segment de piquet à l'autre lors de l'enfoncement du piquet dans le sol.Once the first stake segment 1˝ driven into the ground, we butt by tight fitting cylinder against cylinder as shown in the drawing a second stake segment such as 1 ′, using as before the threshing head and a driving tool (A figure 2). The frustoconical part 4 of the male end of the stake segment 1 ′ serves as longitudinal guide so that the adjustment can occur in good conditions during driving. This male end of the stake segment is dimensioned so that it is the shoulder which fully transmits the driving impact from one stake segment to the other when the stake is driven into the ground.

Suivant l'invention on peut si on le désire effectuer un renforcement axial du piquet de terre ainsi réalisé par l'aboutement des segments 1, 1′ et 1˝ notamment lors d'un fonçage en terrain dur. On prévoit dans ce cas d'utiliser un manchon de renfort axial tel que 18 (partie B de la figure 2) qui a été décrit ci-dessus en référence à la figure 1. La liaison entre les deux segments de piquet tels que 1, 1′ et le manchon 18 est un ajustement glissant comme on le voit en B sur la figure 2. La partie en saillie de ce manchon constituée par la couronne 21 située à mi-hauteur du manchon permet d'éviter à ce dernier de glisser le long du piquet tout en préservant un adjustement serré, comme décrit précédemment, entre les extrémités mâle et femelle de deux segments de piquet consécutifs. Les parties tronconiques 19 prévues à chaque extrémité des cavités cylindriques du manchon 18 permettent de diminuer la résistance éventuelle à la pénétration du piquet dans le sol au niveau des manchons.
Lorsque l'on atteint la longueur voulue de piquet par aboutement comme décrit ci-dessus d'un certain nombre de segments de piquet tels que 1, 1′, 1˝, on peut raccorder à ce piquet un conducteur électrique 17 par coinçage mécanique. Ce résultat est rendu possible grâce à un ajustement serré cylindre-cylindre, comme on peut le voir dans la partie C de la figure 2, de la tête autoconnectrice 9 sur le dernier segment de piquet 1 mis en place. A cet effet, on place la tête autoconnectrice 9 sur l'extrémité du dernier segment de piquet tel que 1, où elle vient se positionner selon un axe longitudinal centré grâce à la cavité tronconique 10. Le conducteur 17 est alors introduit dans l'orifice 13 perpendiculairement à l'axe du piquet.According to the invention, it is possible, if desired, to carry out an axial reinforcement of the earth stake thus produced by the abutment of segments 1, 1 ′ and 1˝ in particular during sinking in hard ground. In this case, provision is made to use an axial reinforcement sleeve such as 18 (part B of FIG. 2) which has been described above with reference to FIG. 1. The connection between the two stake segments such as 1, 1 ′ and the sleeve 18 is a sliding adjustment as seen in B in FIG. 2. The protruding part of this sleeve constituted by the crown 21 located at mid-height of the sleeve makes it possible to prevent the latter from sliding off the along the stake while maintaining a tight fit, as described previously, between the male and female ends of two consecutive stake segments. The frustoconical parts 19 provided at each end of the cylindrical cavities of the sleeve 18 make it possible to reduce the possible resistance to the penetration of the stake into the ground at the level of the sleeves.
When the desired stake length is reached by abutment as described above of a certain number of stake segments such as 1, 1 ′, 1˝, an electrical conductor 17 can be connected to this stake by mechanical wedging. This result is made possible by a tight cylinder-cylinder adjustment, as can be seen in part C of Figure 2, of the self-connecting head 9 on the last stake segment 1 put in place. To this end, the self-connecting head 9 is placed on the end of the last stake segment such as 1, where it comes to be positioned along a longitudinal axis centered thanks to the frustoconical cavity 10. The conductor 17 is then introduced into the orifice 13 perpendicular to the axis of the stake.

L'ajustement serré entre la tête autoconnectrice 9 et le segment de piquet tel que 1 réalisé ici cylindre contre cylindre peut être obtenu à l'aide de toute autre forme sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention. Ainsi, cet ajustement serré peut être obtenu par battage direct sur la tête autoconnectrice ou, de préférence en utilisant la tête de battage selon l'invention illustrée par la figure 3. La dimension de la cavité 28 et le chanfrein 29 dont est pourvue cette dernière permettent un bon positionnement et une bonne transmission des chocs de battage sur la tête autoconnectrice 9, sans endommager le conducteur électrique placé perpendiculairement à l'axe du piquet grâce aux encoches 30.The tight fit between the self-connecting head 9 and the stake segment such as 1 produced here cylinder against cylinder can be obtained using any other form without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus, this tight fit can be obtained by direct threshing on the self-connecting head or, preferably by using the threshing head according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 3. The dimension of the cavity 28 and the chamfer 29 which is provided with the latter allow good positioning and good transmission of threshing shocks on the self-connecting head 9, without damaging the electrical conductor placed perpendicular to the axis of the stake thanks to the notches 30.

Lors du battage, le segment de piquet 1 vient repousser la pastille 15 maintenue solidaire du reste de la tête autoconnectrice 9 par la saillie en forme de couronne 12 de très faible dimension, qui est alors écrasée par le passage du segment de piquet jusqu'à coincer mécaniquement le conducteur électrique 17 comme représenté en C sur la figure 2. Le chanfrein 16 de la pastille 15 permet d'éviter toute amorce éventuelle de cisaillement du conducteur 17.During threshing, the stake segment 1 pushes the pellet 15 kept integral with the rest of the self-connecting head 9 by the crown-shaped projection 12 of very small size, which is then crushed by the passage of the stake segment until mechanically wedging the electrical conductor 17 as shown in C in FIG. 2. The chamfer 16 of the pad 15 makes it possible to avoid any possible initiation of shearing of the conductor 17.

La présence de la pastille 15 ainsi que le choix du matériau constituant l'ensemble de la tête autoconnectrice 9 permettent d'éviter des phénomènes de corrosion ultérieurs. Cependant, dans certains cas particuliers la présence de la pastille 15 et par voie de conséquence celle de la saillie en couronne 21 ne sont pas nécessaire, le coinçage mécanique du conducteur électrique 17 dans l'orifice 13 s'effectuant alors directement par l'intermédiaire de l'extrémité du segment de piquet. Bien entendu une telle tête autoconnectrice dépourvue de pastille entre dans le cadre de la présente invention de même que toute variante ou forme de réalisation de cette tête autoconnectrice assurant un coinçage mécanique d'un conducteur électrique sur la partie supérieure d'un piquet de prise de terre grâce à un ajustement serré.The presence of the patch 15 as well as the choice of material constituting the assembly of the self-connecting head 9 makes it possible to avoid subsequent corrosion phenomena. However, in certain particular cases the presence of the patch 15 and consequently that of the crown projection 21 is not necessary, the mechanical wedging of the electrical conductor 17 in the orifice 13 then being carried out directly via from the end of the stake segment. Of course, such an autoconnecting head devoid of a patch is within the scope of the present invention, as is any variant or embodiment of this autoconnecting head ensuring mechanical wedging of an electrical conductor on the upper part of a pick-up stake. ground thanks to a tight fit.

A titre purement indicatif, on peut indiquer que l'on peut obtenir des résultats satisfaisants dans la majorité des cas en utilisant comme matériau pour réaliser des segments de piquet, la pointe de pénétration et les manchons de renforcement axial, de l'acier inoxydable traité, poli et passivé et du bronze d'aluminium pour réaliser la tête autoconnectrice.By way of indication only, it can be indicated that satisfactory results can be obtained in the majority of cases by using as material for making stake segments, the penetration point and the axial reinforcement sleeves, of treated stainless steel. , polished and passivated and aluminum bronze to make the self-connecting head.

Pour améliorer l'enfoncement des piquets selon la présente invention on peut utiliser de manière connue en soi des boues d'enfoncement améliorantes. Celles-ci ne faisant pas partie de la présente invention on n'en donnera pas la composition.To improve the insertion of the stakes according to the present invention, it is possible to use, in a manner known per se, improving insertion muds. As these are not part of the present invention, their composition will not be given.

Il demeure bien entendu que la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux divers modes de réalisation et de mise en oeuvre décrits ici à titre d'exemples mais qu'elle en englobe toutes les variantes.It remains to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the various embodiments and implementation described here by way of examples, but that it encompasses all variants thereof.

Claims (10)

1 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre caractérisé en ce qu'il est composé d'un ou de plusieurs segments de tige (1, 1′, 1˝) dont les extrémités présentent une forme leur permettant de s'emboîter à force les uns dans les autres, selon un centrage longitudinal, au fur et à mesure de l'enfoncement dans le sol jusqu'à l'obtention de la longueur de piquet voulue et d'une pièce formant tête autoconnectrice (9) venant s'emboîter à force, longitudinalement centrée, sur le dernier segment de piquet, cette tête autoconnectrice étant conçue de façon à assurer le raccordement d'un conducteur électrique (17) par coinçage mécanique dans un orifice (13) prévu dans ladite tête.1 - Grounding electrode stake characterized in that it is composed of one or more rod segments (1, 1 ′, 1˝), the ends of which have a shape allowing them to force fit together one inside the other, according to a longitudinal centering, as it is driven into the ground until the desired stake length is obtained and a piece forming a self-connecting head (9) coming to fit in force, longitudinally centered, on the last stake segment, this self-connecting head being designed so as to ensure the connection of an electrical conductor (17) by mechanical wedging in an orifice (13) provided in said head. 2 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre selon la revendication 1, cractérisé en ce que chaque segment de piquet (1, 1′, 1˝), de forme cylindrique présente à l'une de ses extrémités un épaulement raccordé par un arrondi (2) à un doigt constitué d'un corps cylindrique (3) prolongé par un corps tronconique (4) se terminant par une pointe (5) l'autre extrémité de ce segment présentant une cavité cylindrique (6) avec un chanfrein intérieur (7) et un fond conique (8).2 - Grounding electrode post according to claim 1, characterized in that each post segment (1, 1 ′, 1˝), of cylindrical shape has at one of its ends a shoulder connected by a rounded ( 2) to a finger consisting of a cylindrical body (3) extended by a frustoconical body (4) ending in a point (5) the other end of this segment having a cylindrical cavity (6) with an internal chamfer (7 ) and a conical bottom (8). 3 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite tête autoconnectrice (9) comporte une cavité tronconique (10) débouchant sur une cavité cylindrique (11) comportant une partie en saillie en forme de couronne (12) permettant de coincer mécaniquement une pastille cylindrique (15) dont la partie supérieure est située dans un plan tangent à l'orifice (13) au travers duquel passe le conducteur électrique (17) devant être coincé dans ladite tête (9).3 - Grounding electrode post according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said self-connecting head (9) comprises a frustoconical cavity (10) opening onto a cylindrical cavity (11) comprising a projecting part in crown shape (12) making it possible to mechanically wedge a cylindrical pellet (15) the upper part of which is situated in a plane tangent to the orifice (13) through which the electrical conductor (17) which is to be wedged in said head passes ( 9). 4 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pointe de pénétration (23) pouvant être éventuellement placée à l'extrémité du premier segment de tige du piquet avant son enfoncement dans le sol.4 - Earth electrode post according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a penetration point (23) which can be optionally placed at the end of the first rod segment of the post before it is inserted. in the ground. 5 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la pointe de pénétration (23) présente une cavité cylindrique (6) analogue à la cavité correspondante (6) prévue dans le segment de piquet, cette cavité étant réalisée de façon à recevoir l'extrémité mâle (3) d'un segment de piquet.5 - Earth electrode post according to claim 4, characterized in that the penetration point (23) has a cylindrical cavity (6) similar to the corresponding cavity (6) provided in the stake segment, this cavity being designed to receive the male end (3) of a stake segment. 6 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un ou plusieurs manchons de renforcement axial (18) positionnés entre deux segments de tige dudit piquet tout en préservant l'emboîtage à force de ces segments entre eux.6 - Earth electrode post according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises one or more axial reinforcement sleeves (18) positioned between two rod segments of said post while preserving the force fitting of these segments together. 7 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque manchon de renfort axial (18) est symétrique par rapport à une couronne (21) faisant saillie à l'intérieur d'une cavité cylindrique (20) prolongée par une cavité tronconique (19) à chaque extrémité de ce manchon, la partie cylindrique extérieure du manchon se terminant à chaque extrémité par une extrémité tronconique (22).7 - Grounding electrode stake according to claim 6, characterized in that each axial reinforcement sleeve (18) is symmetrical with respect to a ring (21) projecting inside a cylindrical cavity (20) extended by a frustoconical cavity (19) at each end of this sleeve, the external cylindrical part of the sleeve ending at each end by a frustoconical end (22). 8 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est mis en place à l'aide d'un matériel de fonçage mettant en oeuvre une tête de battage constituée d'une chape d'enfoncement (31) et d'une bouterolle d'enfoncement (25) venant se placer sur la partie supérieure d'un segment de piquet.8 - Grounding electrode stake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is put in place using a driving equipment using a threshing head consisting of a yoke drive (31) and a drive bolt (25) placed on the upper part of a stake segment. 9 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite chape d'enfoncement (31) est constituée d'un corps cylindrique (33) muni d'un chanfrein (35) et d'un épaulement raccordé par un arrondi (34) à un doigt cylindrique (32) terminé par une extrémité conique (36) et en ce que la bouterolle d'enfoncement (25) présente une cavité cylindrique (28) raccordée par un chanfrein (29) à une deuxième cavité cylindrique (27) de diamètre inférieur, cette bouterolle comportant en outre une encoche (30) sur chacun de ses côtés .9 - Grounding electrode stake according to claim 8, characterized in that said driving cap (31) consists of a cylindrical body (33) provided with a chamfer (35) and a connected shoulder by a rounding (34) to a cylindrical finger (32) terminated by a conical end (36) and in that the driving bolt (25) has a cylindrical cavity (28) connected by a chamfer (29) to a second cylindrical cavity (27) of smaller diameter, this bolt further comprising a notch (30) on each of its sides. 10 - Piquet électrode de mise à la terre selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite bouterolle d'enfoncement (25) comporte un orifice (37) destiné à recevoir une goupille élastique placée perpendiculairement à l'axe de ladite bouterolle et dont la présence permet de solidariser la bouterolle (25) et la chape d'enfoncement (31).10 - Grounding electrode post according to claim 9, characterized in that said driving button (25) has an orifice (37) intended to receive an elastic pin placed perpendicular to the axis of said button and the presence makes it possible to secure the chisel (25) and the drive screed (31).
EP90401780A 1989-06-23 1990-06-22 Earthing post Expired - Lifetime EP0404691B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90401780T ATE99080T1 (en) 1989-06-23 1990-06-22 GROUNDING POST.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8908405 1989-06-23
FR8908405A FR2648959B1 (en) 1989-06-23 1989-06-23 EARTHING POLE

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EP0404691A2 true EP0404691A2 (en) 1990-12-27
EP0404691A3 EP0404691A3 (en) 1991-04-10
EP0404691B1 EP0404691B1 (en) 1993-12-22

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EP (1) EP0404691B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE99080T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69005371D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2648959B1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2674068A1 (en) * 1991-03-11 1992-09-18 Bertrand Dominique Directly driven-in earth connection
GB2256981A (en) * 1991-06-21 1992-12-23 Preformed Line Products Co Connections to lightning conductor earth rods
FR2691582A1 (en) * 1992-05-22 1993-11-26 Electricite De France Connector for joining cables to earthing stakes - consists of rod which is shaped to fit into orifice in top of stake with hole near its head into which cable is inserted
CN104202903A (en) * 2014-09-10 2014-12-10 西北核技术研究所 Flat metal film loading device
CN110937542A (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-31 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 Assembled pile capable of being operated manually
CN117937125A (en) * 2024-03-21 2024-04-26 济南广鑫电力工程设计有限公司 Stable power grounding pile for power design line construction

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1197258A (en) * 1958-06-13 1959-11-30 Method and device for making rectilinear earth electrodes
GB1218781A (en) * 1968-06-06 1971-01-13 Australian Insulator Ironworks Earthing electrode
FR2397137A7 (en) * 1977-07-06 1979-02-02 Graipin Raymond Direct connection earthing spike - has body with threaded pointed head and bore at opposite ends
US4156793A (en) * 1977-06-27 1979-05-29 Carlson Fred B Ground rod assembly

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1197258A (en) * 1958-06-13 1959-11-30 Method and device for making rectilinear earth electrodes
GB1218781A (en) * 1968-06-06 1971-01-13 Australian Insulator Ironworks Earthing electrode
US4156793A (en) * 1977-06-27 1979-05-29 Carlson Fred B Ground rod assembly
FR2397137A7 (en) * 1977-07-06 1979-02-02 Graipin Raymond Direct connection earthing spike - has body with threaded pointed head and bore at opposite ends

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2674068A1 (en) * 1991-03-11 1992-09-18 Bertrand Dominique Directly driven-in earth connection
GB2256981A (en) * 1991-06-21 1992-12-23 Preformed Line Products Co Connections to lightning conductor earth rods
FR2691582A1 (en) * 1992-05-22 1993-11-26 Electricite De France Connector for joining cables to earthing stakes - consists of rod which is shaped to fit into orifice in top of stake with hole near its head into which cable is inserted
CN104202903A (en) * 2014-09-10 2014-12-10 西北核技术研究所 Flat metal film loading device
CN110937542A (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-31 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 Assembled pile capable of being operated manually
CN117937125A (en) * 2024-03-21 2024-04-26 济南广鑫电力工程设计有限公司 Stable power grounding pile for power design line construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0404691B1 (en) 1993-12-22
FR2648959A1 (en) 1990-12-28
EP0404691A3 (en) 1991-04-10
ATE99080T1 (en) 1994-01-15
FR2648959B1 (en) 1995-03-24
DE69005371D1 (en) 1994-02-03

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