EP0403403B1 - Textile laminate composed of fibrous layers possessing different characteristics and method of making same - Google Patents

Textile laminate composed of fibrous layers possessing different characteristics and method of making same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0403403B1
EP0403403B1 EP90420254A EP90420254A EP0403403B1 EP 0403403 B1 EP0403403 B1 EP 0403403B1 EP 90420254 A EP90420254 A EP 90420254A EP 90420254 A EP90420254 A EP 90420254A EP 0403403 B1 EP0403403 B1 EP 0403403B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
fibers
sheets
sheet
synthetic fibers
thickness
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EP90420254A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0403403A1 (en
Inventor
Gilbert Chomarat
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Les Fils D'auguste Chomarat & Cie Ets SA
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Les Fils D'auguste Chomarat & Cie Ets SA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
    • Y10T428/24339—Keyed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/159—Including a nonwoven fabric which is not a scrim
    • Y10T442/16—Two or more nonwoven layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3707—Woven fabric including a nonwoven fabric layer other than paper
    • Y10T442/3724—Needled
    • Y10T442/3732—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/374—Additional nonwoven fabric comprises chemically different strand material than the first nonwoven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/647—Including a foamed layer or component
    • Y10T442/651—Plural fabric layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/666—Mechanically interengaged by needling or impingement of fluid [e.g., gas or liquid stream, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement made to multilayer textile complexes based on fibrous webs having different characteristics which are the subject of FR-A-2 622 604 (corresponding to EP-A-0 315 553); it also relates to an improved process for obtaining such complexes.
  • the aforementioned application describes multilayer textile complexes based on fibrous plies having different characteristics, said plies being linked together by entanglement of the fibers of one of the plies through the second.
  • one of the sheets used in the composition of the complex is based on synthetic fibers (polyester for example), the other sheet being based on relatively stiff and brittle mineral fibers (glass, asbestos), and the bond plies between them is obtained thanks to a minority part of the synthetic fibers which are implanted in the thickness of the ply based on mineral fibers.
  • a process which consists in superimposing said layers and subjecting them to the action of jets of fluid acting on a sheet superimposed on the surface of the sheet based on synthetic fibers, so as to redirect part of these fibers in the thickness direction, the stack being, during the action of the jets, supported by a continuous surface permeable preventing synthetic fibers from coming out of the surface of the web based on mineral fibers.
  • such a complex may optionally include an internal reinforcement, such as a textile grid (fabric or non-woven), a fabric, a sheet of foam or a felt.
  • an internal reinforcement such as a textile grid (fabric or non-woven), a fabric, a sheet of foam or a felt.
  • the dimensions of the said perforations must be such that they allow the implantation of part of the synthetic fibers and are therefore a function of the title of the latter.
  • perforations with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 1 mm are suitable for most applications.
  • tablecloths based on mineral fibers for the production of the new product according to the invention, use will be made, for example, of a tablecloth based on glass fibers obtained by the wet method according to the papermaking techniques.
  • the sheet based on glass fibers is subjected to a treatment of needling making it possible to form microperforations regularly spaced from one another in the thickness of said ply.
  • the overlapped plies are then treated in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the attached single figure illustrates well the structure and the characteristics of a complex material produced in accordance with the invention, the lower zone of this referenced figure (1) being constituted by glass fibers which, as is clear from this photograph , are oriented substantially parallel to the surface of the material, while the zone (2) is made up of polyester fibers, some of which fibers (2a) are located inside the layer (1) based on glass fibers.
  • microperforations made in the glass sheet are not visible, but correspond substantially to the area through which the fibers (2a) of the sheet (2) pass perpendicularly through the fibers of the sheet (1).
  • Such a material can be used in numerous fields of application, for example as a bitumen support making it possible to produce waterproofing coatings.

Description

La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement apporté aux complexes textiles multicouches à base de nappes fibreuses ayant des caractéristiques différentes faisant l'objet du FR-A-2 622 604 (correspondant à l'EP-A- 0 315 553) ; elle concerne également un procédé perfectionné permettant l'obtention de tels complexes.The present invention relates to an improvement made to multilayer textile complexes based on fibrous webs having different characteristics which are the subject of FR-A-2 622 604 (corresponding to EP-A-0 315 553); it also relates to an improved process for obtaining such complexes.

Pour mémoire, la demande précitée décrit des complexes textiles multicouches à base de nappes fibreuses ayant des caractéristiques différentes, lesdites nappes étant liées entre elles par enchevêtrement des fibres de l'une des nappes au travers de la seconde. Selon ce document, l'une des nappes entrant dans la composition du complexe est à base de fibres synthétiques (polyester par exemple), l'autre nappe étant à base de fibres minérales relativement raides et cassantes (verre, amiante), et la liaison des nappes entre elles est obtenue grâce à une partie minoritaire des fibres synthétiques qui sont implantées dans l'épaisseur de la nappe à base de fibres minérales.As a reminder, the aforementioned application describes multilayer textile complexes based on fibrous plies having different characteristics, said plies being linked together by entanglement of the fibers of one of the plies through the second. According to this document, one of the sheets used in the composition of the complex is based on synthetic fibers (polyester for example), the other sheet being based on relatively stiff and brittle mineral fibers (glass, asbestos), and the bond plies between them is obtained thanks to a minority part of the synthetic fibers which are implanted in the thickness of the ply based on mineral fibers.

Dans le cas où un tel complexe est réalisé à partir de nappes fibreuses obtenues par voie sèche (par exemple par cardage/nappage), on utilise un procédé qui consiste à superposer lesdites nappes et à les soumettre à l'action de jets de fluide agissant sur une nappe superposée sur la surface de la nappe à base de fibres synthétiques, de manière à réorienter partie de ces fibres dans le sens de l'épaisseur, l'empilement étant, lors de l'action des jets, supporté par une surface continue perméable évitant que les fibres synthétiques ne ressortent à l'extérieur de la surface de la nappe à base de fibres minérales.In the case where such a complex is produced from fibrous layers obtained by dry process (for example by carding / coating), a process is used which consists in superimposing said layers and subjecting them to the action of jets of fluid acting on a sheet superimposed on the surface of the sheet based on synthetic fibers, so as to redirect part of these fibers in the thickness direction, the stack being, during the action of the jets, supported by a continuous surface permeable preventing synthetic fibers from coming out of the surface of the web based on mineral fibers.

Si un tel procédé donne entière satisfaction lorsque les différentes couches de matière sont à base de nappes fibreuses obtenues par voie sèche, c'est-à-dire lorsque les fibres des différentes nappes sont orientées dans pratiquement toutes les directions et présentent donc une contexture relativement ouverte, en revanche, il a été constaté que lorsque l'on utilise comme nappes à base de fibres minérales des nappes obtenues par des techniques telles que les fibres élémentaires soient disposées pratiquement toutes dans le même plan (par exemple les nappes obtenues par voie humide suivant les techniques papetières), qu il était difficile d'obtenir une bonne répartition des fibres synthétiques à l'intérieur de la nappe à base de fibres minérales et la liaison des différentes couches entre elles.If such a method is entirely satisfactory when the different layers of material are based on fibrous plies obtained by the dry route, that is to say when the fibers of the different plies are oriented in practically all directions and therefore have a relatively texture open, on the other hand, it has been observed that when using tablecloths based on mineral fibers tablecloths obtained by techniques such that the elementary fibers are arranged practically all in the same plane (for example the tablecloths obtained by wet process according to the papermaking techniques), that it was difficult to obtain a good distribution of the synthetic fibers inside the sheet based on mineral fibers and the bonding of the different layers between them.

Or on a trouvé, et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de la présente invention, qu'il était possible de surmonter ces inconvénients et d'obtenir un nouveau type de complexe en utilisant comme nappe fibreuse à base de fibres mminérales une nappe ayant subi préalablement un traitement permettant de pratiquer des fines perforations sur toute son épaisseur, l'association avec la nappe à base de fibres synthétiques étant réalisée ensuite conformément au procédé décrit dans le FR-A-2 622 604 (EP-A-315 553).Now it has been found, and this is the subject of the present invention, that it was possible to overcome these drawbacks and to obtain a new type of complex by using a fibrous web based on mineral fibers a web having previously undergone a treatment making it possible to practice fine perforations over its entire thickness, the association with the web based on synthetic fibers then being carried out according to the process described in FR-A-2 622 604 (EP-A-315 553 ).

D'une manière générale, l'invention concerne donc un complexe textile multicouches du type comportant au moins deux nappes fibreuses non tissées superposées :

  • l'une des nappes étant à base de fibres synthétiques, souples, non cassantes, telles que des fibres de polyester, polyamide, polypropylène ;
  • l'autre nappe étant à base de fibres minérales relativement raides et cassantes (tels que verre, amiante..), la liaison entre les deux couches étant obtenue au moyen d'une partie minoritaire des fibres synthétiques qui sont implantées dans l'épaisseur de la nappe à base de fibres minérales et ce, sans ressortir en surface, et il se caractérise en ce que dans la nappe à base de fibres minérales, lesdites fibres sont orientées sensiblement parallèlement à la surface et forment un ensemble relativement dense, ladite nappe étant, préalablement à son association avec la nappe à base de fibres synthétiques, soumise à un traitement permettant de produire de fines perforations dans son épaisseur, perforations à l'intérieur desquelles sont implantées préférentiellement les fibres synthétiques servant à lier les deux nappes entre elles.
In general, the invention therefore relates to a multilayer textile complex of the type comprising at least two superposed nonwoven fibrous webs:
  • one of the sheets being based on synthetic, flexible, non-brittle fibers, such as polyester, polyamide, polypropylene fibers;
  • the other layer being based on relatively stiff and brittle mineral fibers (such as glass, asbestos, etc.), the connection between the two layers being obtained by means of a minority part of the synthetic fibers which are implanted in the thickness of the sheet based on mineral fibers and this, without coming out on the surface, and it is characterized in that in the sheet based on mineral fibers, said fibers are oriented substantially parallel to the surface and form a relatively dense whole, said sheet being , prior to its association with the sheet based on synthetic fibers, subjected to a treatment making it possible to produce fine perforations in its thickness, perforations inside which are preferably implanted the synthetic fibers used to bond the two sheets together.

Bien entendu, comme dans le brevet français précité, un tel complexe peut éventuellement comporter une armature de renforcement interne, telle qu'une grille textile (tissu ou non tissé), un tissu, une feuille de mousse ou un feutre.. .Of course, as in the aforementioned French patent, such a complex may optionally include an internal reinforcement, such as a textile grid (fabric or non-woven), a fabric, a sheet of foam or a felt.

Concernant les caractéristiques des perforations que doit présenter la nappe à base de fibres minérales, les dimensions desdites perforations doivent être telles qu'elles permettent l'implantation d'une partie des fibres synthétiques et sont donc fonction du titre de ces dernières. En général, les perforations ayant un diamètre de 0,1 mm à 1 mm conviennent pour la plupart des applications.As regards the characteristics of the perforations that the web based on mineral fibers must have, the dimensions of the said perforations must be such that they allow the implantation of part of the synthetic fibers and are therefore a function of the title of the latter. In general, perforations with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 1 mm are suitable for most applications.

Par ailleurs, comme nappes à base de fibres minérales, pour la réalisation du nouveau produit conforme à l'invention, on utilisera par exemple une nappe à base de fibres de verre obtenue par voie humide selon les techniques papetières.Furthermore, as tablecloths based on mineral fibers, for the production of the new product according to the invention, use will be made, for example, of a tablecloth based on glass fibers obtained by the wet method according to the papermaking techniques.

L'invention et les avantages qu'elle apporte seront cependant mieux compris grâce aux exemples comparatifs donnés ci-après à titre indicatif mais non limitatif et à la figure unique annexée qui est une photographie en coupe d'un produit réalisé conformément à l'invention.The invention and the advantages which it brings will however be better understood thanks to the comparative examples given below for information but not limitation and in the single appended figure which is a sectional photograph of a product produced in accordance with the invention .

Exemple 1 : Example 1 :

On réalise un complexe textile multicouches à base de nappes fibreuses conformément aux enseignements du FR-A-2 622 604 à partir de nappes élémentaires ayant les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • pour la nappe fibreuse à base de fibres synthétiques souples un voile de polyester obtenu par cardage à partir de fibres de 6,6 Dtex, coupe 50 mm, pesant 150 g/m2, ayant une épaisseur moyenne de 5 mm ;
  • pour la nappe à base de fibres minérales, une nappe obtenue par voie humide (technique papetière), à base de fibres de verre, pesant 50 g/m2, les fibres ayant une coupe de 50 mm, un diamètre de 14 microns, ladite nappe ayant une épaisseur moyenne de 2 mm.
A multilayer textile complex is produced based on fibrous layers in accordance with the teachings of FR-A-2 622 604 from elementary layers having the following characteristics:
  • for the fibrous web based on flexible synthetic fibers, a polyester veil obtained by carding from fibers of 6.6 Dtex, cut 50 mm, weighing 150 g / m2, having an average thickness of 5 mm;
  • for the tablecloth based on mineral fibers, a tablecloth obtained by the wet process (papermaking technique), based on glass fibers, weighing 50 g / m2, the fibers having a cut of 50 mm, a diameter of 14 microns, said tablecloth having an average thickness of 2 mm.

Ces deux nappes superposées sont amenées à l'intérieur d'une installation de traitement par jets de fluide, de telle sorte que la nappe à base de fibres de polyester soit située au regard des jets de fluide.These two superimposed plies are brought inside a fluid jet treatment installation, so that the ply based on polyester fibers is located opposite the fluid jets.

Après calandrage, en sortie de l'installation, on obtient un complexe ayant une épaisseur d'environ un millimètre et dont les deux faces sont constituées de matières différentes. On constate cependant que la liaison entre les deux couches n'est pas homogène, ce qui peut s'expliquer par la densité de la nappe à base de fibres de verre obtenues par voie humide qui contrarie l'implantation des fibres polyester dans le sens de son épaisseur.After calendering, at the outlet of the installation, a complex is obtained having a thickness of approximately one millimeter and whose two faces are made of different materials. However, it can be seen that the connection between the two layers is not homogeneous, which can be explained by the density of the sheet based on glass fibers obtained by the wet process which hinders the implantation of the polyester fibers in the direction of its thickness.

Exemple 2 : Example 2 :

Conformément à l'invention, en partant des mêmes nappes fibreuses que dans l'exemple 1, préalablement à la superposition desdites nappes et à leur traitement au moyen de jets de fluide, on soumet la nappe à base de fibres de verre à un traitement d'aiguilletage permettant de former dans l'épaisseur de ladite nappe des microperforations régulièrement espacées les unes des autres. Les nappes superposées sont ensuite traitées de la même manière que dans l'exemple 1.According to the invention, starting from the same fibrous sheets as in Example 1, prior to the superposition of said sheets and their treatment by means of fluid jets, the sheet based on glass fibers is subjected to a treatment of needling making it possible to form microperforations regularly spaced from one another in the thickness of said ply. The overlapped plies are then treated in the same manner as in Example 1.

A la sortie de l'installation, on obtient un complexe constitué comme précédemment de deux nappes fibreuses parfaitement liées entre elles, mais la liaison entre les deux couches est beaucoup plus homogène, des fibres de polyester qui pénètrent à l'intérieur de la nappe de verre étant régulièrement réparties au travers de cette dernière et passant de manière préférentielle au travers des microperforations.At the end of the installation, a complex is obtained, as above, of two fibrous layers perfectly bonded together, but the connection between the two layers is much more homogeneous, polyester fibers which penetrate inside the layer of glass being regularly distributed through the latter and preferably passing through microperforations.

La figure unique annexée illustre bien la structure et les caractéristiques d'un matériau complexe réalisé conformément à l'invention, la zone inférieure de cette figure référencée (1) étant constituée par des fibres de verre qui, ainsi que cela ressort clairement de cette photographie, sont orientées sensiblement parallèlement à la surface du matériau alors que la zone (2) est, quant à elle, constituée de fibres de polyester dont certaines des fibres (2a) se trouvent implantées à l'intérieur de la couche (1) à base de fibres de verre. Dans cette coupe, des microperforations réalisées dans la nappe de verre ne sont pas visibles, mais correspondent sensiblement à la zone au travers desquelles les fibres (2a) de la nappe (2) passent perpendiculairement au travers des fibres de la nappe (1).The attached single figure illustrates well the structure and the characteristics of a complex material produced in accordance with the invention, the lower zone of this referenced figure (1) being constituted by glass fibers which, as is clear from this photograph , are oriented substantially parallel to the surface of the material, while the zone (2) is made up of polyester fibers, some of which fibers (2a) are located inside the layer (1) based on glass fibers. In this section, microperforations made in the glass sheet are not visible, but correspond substantially to the area through which the fibers (2a) of the sheet (2) pass perpendicularly through the fibers of the sheet (1).

Un tel matériau peut être utilisé dans de nombreux domaines d'application, par exemple comme support de bitume permettant de réaliser des revêtements d'étanchéité.Such a material can be used in numerous fields of application, for example as a bitumen support making it possible to produce waterproofing coatings.

Bien entendu, comme dans le brevet cité dans le prémabule, il est possible d'incorporer entre les deux nappes tout élément additionnel tel que grille textile, tissu, mousse... .Of course, as in the patent cited in the preamble, it is possible to incorporate between the two sheets any additional element such as textile grid, fabric, foam, etc.

Dans un tel complexe, les propriétés de chacune des couches sont conservées, ce qui est particulièrement intéressant lorsque l'on souhaite avoir des propriétés différentes entre les deux surfaces, par exemple obtenir une face non feu et l'autre face isolante.In such a complex, the properties of each of the layers are preserved, which is particularly advantageous when it is desired to have different properties between the two surfaces, for example obtaining a fire-resistant face and the other insulating face.

Claims (4)

  1. A multilayer textile laminate of the type comprising at least two superposed nonwoven fibrous sheets (1,2), one of the sheets (2) being based on nonbrittle, flexible synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide or polypropylene fibers, the other sheet (1) being based on relatively stiff and brittle inorganic fibers (such as glass, asbestos, etc), the bonding between the two layers being obtained by means of a minor part (2a) of the synthetic fibers which are implanted into the thickness of the sheet (1) based on inorganic fibers, without projecting at the surface, characterized in that the said fibers are oriented substantially parallel to the surface in the sheet (1) based on inorganic fibers and form a relatively dense assembly, the said sheet (1) being subjected, before its combination with the sheet based on synthetic fibers (2), to a treatment making it possible to produce fine perforations into its thickness, inside which perforations are preferably implanted the synthetic fibers (2a) used to bond the two sheets (1,2) together.
  2. The laminate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an internal strengthening reinforcement is arranged between the two sheets (1,2).
  3. A process making it possible to obtain a multilayer textile laminate based on fibrous sheets (1,2) having different characteristics, the said sheets being bonded together by entanglement of the fibers of one of the sheets through the second, and in which :
    - one of the sheets (2) forming part of the composition is based on nonbrittle, flexible synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide or polypropylene fibers, etc.. ;
    - the other sheet (1) is based on relatively stiff and brittle inorganic fibers (such as glass, asbestos, etc),
    this process consisting in superposing the said sheets (1), (2) and in subjecting them to the action of jets of fluid acting on the surface of the sheet based on synthetic fibers so as to reorient part of the fibers in the direction of the thickness, the stacking of the sheets being, through the action of the jets, supported by a permeable continuous surface, characterized in that the sheet (1) based on inorganic fibers is subjected, before this bonding treatment, to a pretreatment making it possible to produce perforations throughout its thickness, which are uniformly distributed over the surface of the said sheet.
  4. The process as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the preliminary preperforation treatment is carried out by needling by means of conventional needles or by means of jets of fluid.
EP90420254A 1989-06-16 1990-05-29 Textile laminate composed of fibrous layers possessing different characteristics and method of making same Expired - Lifetime EP0403403B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8908299 1989-06-16
FR8908299A FR2648482B1 (en) 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 MULTI-LAYERED TEXTILE COMPLEXES BASED ON FIBROUS TABLECLOTHS HAVING DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

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EP0403403A1 EP0403403A1 (en) 1990-12-19
EP0403403B1 true EP0403403B1 (en) 1993-06-30

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EP (1) EP0403403B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2018567A1 (en)
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US5856243A (en) * 1995-08-23 1999-01-05 Hoechst Trevira Gmbh & Co Kg Textile composite, manufacture thereof, use thereof, and net comprising hybrid yarn
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WO2001008882A2 (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 Johns Manville International, Inc. Non-woven laminate composite with binder
DE19955730A1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2001-06-21 Johns Manville Int Inc Two or three layer laminates of synthetic non-woven fabric and woven glass fabric or scrim, for use in bituminized roofing webs and sealing membranes, in which the layers are bonded by needling and consolidated with a binder
DE19935408B4 (en) * 1999-07-30 2004-04-22 Johns Manville International, Inc., Denver Multi-layer laminate
DE19952432B4 (en) * 1999-10-30 2004-10-07 Johns Manville International, Inc., Denver laminate
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US5612114A (en) * 1993-11-06 1997-03-18 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Textile composite, production thereof and use thereof
US5856243A (en) * 1995-08-23 1999-01-05 Hoechst Trevira Gmbh & Co Kg Textile composite, manufacture thereof, use thereof, and net comprising hybrid yarn
DE19935408B4 (en) * 1999-07-30 2004-04-22 Johns Manville International, Inc., Denver Multi-layer laminate
WO2001008882A2 (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 Johns Manville International, Inc. Non-woven laminate composite with binder
WO2001009421A3 (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-08-23 Johns Manville Internat Hydrodynamically bounded carrier webs and use thereof
US6412154B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2002-07-02 Johns Manville International, Inc. Hydrodynamically bounded carrier webs and use thereof
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WO2001009421A2 (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 Johns Manville International, Inc. Hydrodynamically bounded carrier webs and use thereof
DE19952432B4 (en) * 1999-10-30 2004-10-07 Johns Manville International, Inc., Denver laminate
DE19955730A1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2001-06-21 Johns Manville Int Inc Two or three layer laminates of synthetic non-woven fabric and woven glass fabric or scrim, for use in bituminized roofing webs and sealing membranes, in which the layers are bonded by needling and consolidated with a binder
DE19955730C2 (en) * 1999-11-18 2001-10-04 Johns Manville Int Inc Hydrodynamically connected carrier webs and their use
US10260197B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2019-04-16 Johns Manville Base interlining, methods for their manufacture and application thereof
US11248338B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2022-02-15 Johns Manville Base interlining, methods for their manufacture and application thereof
US11408123B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2022-08-09 Johns Manville Base interlining, methods for their manufacture and application thereof

Also Published As

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FR2648482A1 (en) 1990-12-21
DE69002088T2 (en) 1993-10-07
CA2018567A1 (en) 1990-12-16
FR2648482B1 (en) 1992-05-15
DE69002088D1 (en) 1993-08-05
US5175042A (en) 1992-12-29
EP0403403A1 (en) 1990-12-19

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