EP0402005B1 - Bündig montierte Antenne - Google Patents

Bündig montierte Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0402005B1
EP0402005B1 EP90305620A EP90305620A EP0402005B1 EP 0402005 B1 EP0402005 B1 EP 0402005B1 EP 90305620 A EP90305620 A EP 90305620A EP 90305620 A EP90305620 A EP 90305620A EP 0402005 B1 EP0402005 B1 EP 0402005B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
cavity
pair
microstrip
openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90305620A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0402005A3 (de
EP0402005A2 (de
Inventor
Steven T. Wada
Robert Jobsky
Michael J. Maybell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
Original Assignee
Raytheon Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raytheon Co filed Critical Raytheon Co
Publication of EP0402005A2 publication Critical patent/EP0402005A2/de
Publication of EP0402005A3 publication Critical patent/EP0402005A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0402005B1 publication Critical patent/EP0402005B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/286—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an antenna comprising:
  • antennas In many radio frequency systems, limited space is available for antennas. Antennas designed for small spaces, however, must meet various performance requirements. For example, the antenna must have a specified angular coverage and frequency bandwidth. Thus, existing antennas may not meet both the size and performance requirements in a system.
  • flush mount antennas For example, annular slot antennas, cavity inductors, strip inductors, patch antennas, surface-wave antennas and slot antennas can all be mounted flush with a surface.
  • these types of antennas generally have narrow frequency bandwidths. They are thus not well suited for systems requiring frequency bandwidths of 3:1.
  • Printed log-periodic dipoles can be cavity backed and flush mounted. These antennas can be built with 3:1 frequency bandwidths, but cannot be made small enough to meet the size constraints of some applications.
  • GB-A-1598545 describes a waveguide aerial consisting of a rectangular waveguide formed in a circular brass flange and filled with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) made flush with one face of the flange, the longitudinal axis of the waveguide being at an acute angle to the axis of the flange.
  • Energy is coupled into the waveguide by a probe extending from a seating in the other face of the flange.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • US-A-4415900 describes an antenna of the kind defined hereinbefore at the beginning, the antenna being a multi-mode cavity antenna consisting of a microstrip antenna mounted within an open waveguide having one end with a square end closure and the other with a ramp closure.
  • the open side of the waveguide has a dielectric cover.
  • Energy is coupled to the microstrip antenna by a coaxial-to-microstrip adapter that is mounted through the bottom of the waveguide, which faces the dielectric cover.
  • the microstrip antenna comprises a first square microstrip element fed asymmetrically by coaxial feed, and a second square microstrip element fed from the first square element via a microstrip transmission line.
  • an antenna of the kind defined hereinbefore at the beginning is characterised in that the said walls have surface portions inclined with respect to the substantially planar microstrip circuit, and in that the other of the pair of ends of the microstrip circuit is electrically coupled to a proximal one of the said pair of openings, the arrangement being such that the said radio frequency energy serially passes through the pair of openings and the microstrip circuit or vice versa.
  • a preferred embodiment takes the form of an antenna having a radiating cavity filled with dielectric.
  • the radiating cavity has two opposing taper walls. Radio frequency energy is fed to the radiating cavity via a microstrip horn.
  • the dielectric in the radiating cavity conforms with the upper surface of the antenna.
  • the upper surface of the antenna in turn, conforms with the surface in which the antenna is mounted.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of an antenna 10 constructed according to the present invention.
  • the antenna 10 has a base 12 and a top 20 formed from a conductive metal.
  • a dielectric board 14 is mounted, for example by gluing or mounting screws, to the base 12.
  • the relative dielectric constant of board 14 is ⁇ rs .
  • a microstrip horn 16 is patterned, in a known manner, on the upper surface (not numbered) of dielectric board 14.
  • base 12 is at ground potential and forms the second conductor of the microstrip.
  • a signal is applied to microstrip horn 16 through feed 28.
  • a coaxial cable (not shown) could pass through feed 28 and have its center conductor connected to microstrip horn 16.
  • a dielectric slab 18 with relative dielectric constant ⁇ r is also mounted, such as by gluing or captivation by top 20, to base 12.
  • Dielectric slab 18 has a taper surface 34 which conforms to taper surface 32 of base 12.
  • Dielectric slab 18 has a second taper surface 30 which conforms to a tapered surface (element 50, FIG. 3) in top 20.
  • Top 20 is secured to base 12 by screws through screw holes 22 and 24 or by any other convenient means such as conductive epoxy. With top 20 secured to the base, a radiating cavity 26 is formed. The radiating cavity 26 is bounded on the bottom by base 12. Two sides of radiating cavity 26 are bounded by the inside surface of prongs 42A and 42B of top 20. A third side of radiating cavity 26 is bounded by taper surface 50 (FIG. 3) of top 20. The fourth side of radiating cavity 26 is bounded by taper surface 32. Dielectric slab 18 thus fills radiating cavity 26.
  • top 20 and dielectric slab 40 are constructed to form a flush upper surface.
  • upper surfaces 36, 38 and 40 form a surface without discontinuities.
  • that surface is shown to be a plane.
  • Antenna 10 could thus be recessed into a planar surface to create a flush surface.
  • the invention is not limited to a planar flush surface.
  • FIG. 2 shows additional details of the antenna 10, as would be seen by looking at the top of antenna 10 (FIG. 1) with top 20 removed.
  • like reference numbers denote like elements.
  • superimposed on the structure of FIG. 2 is an x-axis and an angle ⁇ AZ measured relative to the x-axis.
  • the angle ⁇ AZ indicates the azimuthal direction relative to the antenna 10.
  • FIG. 2 also indicates various dimensions of components in antenna 10.
  • Dielectric board 14 has a width W S and a length L S .
  • Dielectric slab 18 has a width W.
  • Upper surface 40 has a length L.
  • the total length of dielectric board 14 and dielectric slab 18 is L T .
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of antenna 10 taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1. Details of top 20 can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • Top 20 has a taper surface 50 which conforms with taper surface 30 of dielectric slab 18. Additionally, top 20 has formed in it a cavity 54 of length L MC and extending a height H MC above microstrip horn 16. Inside cavity 54, there is an absorber 52, which is any known material which absorbs radio frequency energy. Cavity 54 and absorber 52 present a load to microstrip horn 16 very similar to the load that would be present if microstrip horn 16 were in free space. In addition, absorber 52 is selected to prevent resonance in cavity 54 while absorbing a minimum of RF energy.
  • Top 20 is in electrical contact with dielectric horn 16. Electrically, taper surface 50 is like an extension of microstrip horn 16. Taper surface 50 therefore launches electrical signals travelling down microstrip horn 16 into radiating cavity 26.
  • Dielectric slab 18 is shown to have a height H C .
  • the bottom of dielectric slab 18 excluding taper surface 34 is shown to have a length L B .
  • Dielectric board 14 is shown to have a height of t.
  • taper surface 50 is shown to make an angle ⁇ FE with base 12.
  • Taper surface 32 is shown to make an angle ⁇ f with the x-axis.
  • the angle ⁇ EL is shown. Angle ⁇ EL defines the elevation direction relative to antenna 10.
  • the various dimensions of the antenna are selected based on two major considerations. First, the dimensions are selected based on the wavelength, ⁇ 0, of the center frequency, f o , of operation of the antenna. Additionally, some parameters are selected such that antenna 10 projects a beam in the desired azimuthal and elevational angles.
  • Table I shows dimensions selected for the various parameters of antenna 10.
  • FIG. 4A shows the azimuthal beam pattern resulting when an antenna with the dimensions of Table I is operated at a frequency equal to 0.917f o .
  • the abscissa of the plot shows azimuthal angle.
  • the ordinate shows the gain relative to an isotropically radiating antenna measured in the far field at the azimuthal angle with the elevation angle of 0°.
  • FIG. 4B shows the elevation pattern when an antenna with the dimensions of Table I is operated at a frequency of 0.917f o .
  • the abscissa of the plot shows elevation angle.
  • the ordinate shows the gain relative to an isotropically radiating antenna measured in the far field at the elevation angle with an azimuthal angle of 0°.
  • antenna 10 has a 3dB beamwidth in the azimuthal plane of approximately 160°.
  • Line 400B in FIG. 48 shows antenna 10 has a 3dB beamwidth in the elevation plane of approximately 60°. The beam center in the elevation plane occurs at an elevation angle of approximately 20°.
  • the performance of antenna 10 can be changed by varying the parameters of antenna construction. If the parameter L is shortened, the 3dB beamwidth in the elevation plane increases. In addition, the beam becomes centered closer to the value of ⁇ EL equal to 90°. In other words, the antenna has a near broadside radiation pattern. Conversely, an increase in L tends to concentrate the beam in the elevation plane closer to values of ⁇ EL near zero. In other words, the antenna has a end-fire radiation pattern.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the antenna.
  • Antenna 10A contains a dielectric slab 10A which tapers outwards away from microstrip horn 16 (not shown). The added width of the taper tends to decrease the 3dB beamwidth in the azimuthal direction.
  • FIG. 5 also shows how an antenna can be flush mounted to a surface.
  • Antenna 10A is recessed into surface 56.
  • surface 56 is curved.
  • Upper surface 36A, 38A, and 40A are shaped to conform to surface 56.
  • the antenna has been described only in relation to the transmission of signals, but could be used to receive signals. Additionally, the antenna has been shown to mount flush with planar or curved surfaces, but could be readily extended to conform to any shape surface. The flush mount antenna could be arrayed, resulting in a flush mount array antenna.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Antenne mit
    a) einer im wesentlichen planaren Mikrostreifenschaltung (14,16) zur Kopplung von Hochfrequenzenergie zwischen einem Paar von Enden der Schaltung, wobei die Schaltung einen Streifenleiter (16) aufweist, der von einem Erdungsebenenleiter (12) durch ein Dielektrikum (14) getrennt ist;
    b) einer leitfähigen Struktur (12,20), welche einander gegenüberliegende Wandungen (32,50) aufweist, die Seitenteile einer in der Struktur (12,20) vorgesehenen Kammer (26) bilden, die ein Paar von Öffnungen hat, wobei die genannten Wandungen (32,50) äußere Enden haben, die in einer äußeren Öffnung des Paars von Öffnungen der Kammer (26) enden und in einer gemeinsamen Fläche gelegen sind, und wobei die gemeinsame Fläche und der Streifenleiter (16) sich oberhalb des Niveaus des Erdungsebenenleiters (12) bei dem genannten Dielektikum (14) befinden; und
    c) einer Hochfrequenzenergieeinspeisung, welche an eines der beiden Enden der Mikrostreifenschaltung (14,16) angekoppelt ist, wobei Hochfrequenzenergie, die zwischen der freien Umgebung und der Einspeisung sich ausbreitet, durch die genannten Öffnungen der Kammere (26) und die Mikrostreifenschaltung (14,16) tritt,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Wandungen Oberflächenbereiche (32,50) aufweisen, die relativ zu der im wesentlichen planaren Mikrostreifenschaltung (14,16) geneigt sind, und daß das jeweils andere der beiden Enden der Mikrostreifenschaltung (14,16) elektrisch mit einer inneren der genannten beiden Öffnungen gekoppelt ist, wobei die Anordnung so getroffen ist, daß sich die Hochfrequenzenergie der Reihe nach durch die beiden Öffnungen und die Mikrostreifenschaltung (14,16) oder umgekehrt ausbreitet.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch ein dielektrisches Material (18), das in der genannten Kammer (26) angeordnet ist und eine Oberfläche (40) aufweist, die an den äußeren Enden der Wände abschließt.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die im wesentlichen planare Mikrostreifenschaltung (14,16) einen Mikrostreifen-Hornstrahler (16) enthält, der einen mit der Einspeisung gekoppelten schmalen Teil und einen breiten Teil aufweist, der nahe der inneren Öffnung der Kammer (26) angeordnet ist.
  4. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch eine Gestaltung zur fluchtenden, bündigen Montage in einer entsprechenden Oberfläche (56), sowie dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche (40A) des dielektrischen Materials (18A), das sich in der Kammer (26) befindet, mit der angepaßten Oberfläche (56) bündig ist.
EP90305620A 1989-06-09 1990-05-23 Bündig montierte Antenne Expired - Lifetime EP0402005B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36440489A 1989-06-09 1989-06-09
US364404 1989-06-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0402005A2 EP0402005A2 (de) 1990-12-12
EP0402005A3 EP0402005A3 (de) 1991-05-15
EP0402005B1 true EP0402005B1 (de) 1995-12-13

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EP90305620A Expired - Lifetime EP0402005B1 (de) 1989-06-09 1990-05-23 Bündig montierte Antenne

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EP (1) EP0402005B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3045522B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69024103T2 (de)
IL (1) IL94458A0 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10322803A1 (de) * 2003-05-19 2004-12-23 Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Mikrostreifenantenne
CN103606732A (zh) * 2013-11-29 2014-02-26 东南大学 薄基片相位幅度校正振子平面喇叭天线

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103956566B (zh) * 2014-05-14 2016-04-27 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 一种适用于td-lte天线的小型化宽频辐射单元
US10297919B2 (en) * 2014-08-29 2019-05-21 Raytheon Company Directive artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) dielectric wedge waveguide antenna

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2822542A (en) * 1954-10-18 1958-02-04 Motorola Inc Directive antenna
GB1598545A (en) * 1975-09-03 1981-09-23 Marconi Co Ltd Waveguide aerials
FR2445042A1 (fr) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-18 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Perfectionnements aux antennes plaquees pour ondes electromagnetiques millimetriques
US4415900A (en) * 1981-12-28 1983-11-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Cavity/microstrip multi-mode antenna

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10322803A1 (de) * 2003-05-19 2004-12-23 Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Mikrostreifenantenne
CN103606732A (zh) * 2013-11-29 2014-02-26 东南大学 薄基片相位幅度校正振子平面喇叭天线
CN103606732B (zh) * 2013-11-29 2016-02-10 东南大学 薄基片相位幅度校正振子平面喇叭天线

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0402005A3 (de) 1991-05-15
JP3045522B2 (ja) 2000-05-29
DE69024103D1 (de) 1996-01-25
JPH0326101A (ja) 1991-02-04
DE69024103T2 (de) 1996-08-29
IL94458A0 (en) 1991-03-10
EP0402005A2 (de) 1990-12-12

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