EP0401119A1 - Method for characterising a primary layer - Google Patents
Method for characterising a primary layer Download PDFInfo
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- EP0401119A1 EP0401119A1 EP90401465A EP90401465A EP0401119A1 EP 0401119 A1 EP0401119 A1 EP 0401119A1 EP 90401465 A EP90401465 A EP 90401465A EP 90401465 A EP90401465 A EP 90401465A EP 0401119 A1 EP0401119 A1 EP 0401119A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/003—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
- E21B2200/22—Fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence, neural networks or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for characterizing a ground layer.
- Such methods are already known in which drilling is carried out and a certain number of parameters of this drilling are noted such as the pressure of the perforating fluid, the torque, the thrust exerted on the tool, the speed d 'advance, the speed of rotation of the tool, or the vibrations of the rod, either as a function of time or as a function of depth.
- a specialist can attribute certain characteristics to the terrain crossed, for example defining the parameters of an injection which will be carried out subsequently, or even having a relatively precise idea of the type of this terrain.
- the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
- the subject of the invention is a method for characterizing a layer of land and in particular for determining its stratigraphy, characterized in that a borehole is carried out in this ground, which is noted during of drilling a certain number of raw parameters including at least the depth reached, according to a predetermined sampling protocol, that these parameters are digitized, that the parameters thus digitized are introduced into a volatile fact base contained in a memory a processing unit also containing a permanent fact base, a rule base and an inference engine, that for at least certain cycles sampling we trigger an inference cycle of the inference engine using the volatile fact base, the permanent fact base and the rule base to deduce the type of ground crossed by the drilling, which we add to the permanent fact base at least the type of terrain thus inferred associated with its depth, and that the volatile fact base is reset to zero.
- one of the essential characteristics of the invention consists in successively carrying out a series of inference cycles using as knowledge base, on the one hand a certain number of permanent facts and on the other hand volatile facts which are kept in the knowledge base only for the duration of a cycle and which consist at least of some of the raw parameters sampled.
- the permanent part of the knowledge base namely the permanent fact base
- the knowledge base includes in particular the entire stratigraphy of the land above the current depth of the borehole.
- Sampling of the drilling parameters can be carried out either at predetermined time intervals or at predetermined depth intervals.
- the advantage of sampling as a function of time is to allow good control of drilling operations, including during the rod change phases, and during the maneuvers.
- the disadvantage is that the quantity of data to be stored is not a priori bounded superiorly and can consequently become extremely important.
- sampling as a function of depth makes it possible to better restore the information acquired in space.
- all of the facts in the permanent fact base are associated with a depth interval.
- Editing the outputs that is to say at least the ground traversed by the drilling, as well as possibly some of the raw or compound parameters, can be done for example on a screen or on a printer.
- the outputs can also be used in real time, for example by a PLC to optimize drilling.
- the outputs can also trigger certain alarms or possibly interrupt drilling.
- the machine 1 of FIG. 1 comprises a drilling head 2 ensuring in known manner the rotational drive of the drill string 3 and injecting the drilling fluid into these drill rods.
- a drilling tool 4 is mounted on the lower part of the drill string 3.
- the drilling head 2 is connected to a device for measuring the drilling depth and the speed of advance by a cable 5 passing over a deflection pulley 6. Between the drilling head 2 and the drill string 3 is interposed an electronic measuring device 7 connected by a cable not shown to a processing unit 8.
- the device 7 may be of the type described in French patent application No. 89.01624 or, alternatively, be replaced by a hydraulic pressure sensor box connected to the hydraulic circuits of the machine 1.
- the measuring device 7 can read the pressure of the perforating fluid, the torque, the thrust exerted on the tool as well as the vibrations of the drill string.
- the ground 9 in which the drilling is carried out exerts certain forces on the drilling tool 4. These forces are taken up by the drilling machine 1 which prints the tool with a certain thrust and a torque, and which additionally supplies the perforating fluid under pressure.
- processing unit 8 begins at 12 to initialize the permanent fact base prior to the start of drilling. This initialization is carried out either from a memory or directly by the operator.
- the program takes place in two overlapping cycles.
- the first cycle is carried out every n not entered, while the external cycle is carried out over the entire depth of the drilling.
- the first cycle consists first of all in reading at 13 the data supplied by the acquisition unit, then in processing this data to convert it into raw parameters in 14, and then possibly combining some of these raw parameters to obtain parameters compounds in 15.
- Compound parameters can be either algebraic combinations of some of the raw parameters, or smoothed values of these parameters over n.
- the volatile fact base is reset to zero at 16, then the raw parameters and the selected compound parameters which constitute the volatile facts in question are introduced.
- the inference engine of the processing unit performs an inference cycle from which it in particular deduces the type of terrain which has just been crossed.
- the volatile fact base contains values of raw parameters and of compound parameters only valid for an inference cycle, namely the cycle which takes place at the depth reached by drilling.
- the permanent fact base includes at least all of the terrains found in previous inference cycles associated with their depth.
- the raw parameters are those which have been mentioned above, the torque and the thrust and the restraint exerted on the tool being measured in the form of pressures in the hydraulic circuits of the machine 1.
- the definition of the compound parameters aims to obtain the parameter P13 which is the value smoothed over ten square steps of the absolute value of the difference in thrust between two successive steps.
- the outputs consist of the graphical printing of the pressure and thrust parameters as well as of the parameter P13, and the graphical and alphanumeric printing of the terrain crossed as determined by the expert system.
- Table 2 shows the facts in the permanent fact base.
- Table 3 sets out the rules of the base used.
- each rule can be assigned a determining order of priority, in the case where two rules can be implemented simultaneously (that is to say in the case where the beginnings of each are all true) , the order in which these rules should be implemented.
- This figure represents as a function of the depth the pressure of the perforating fluid, the thrust exerted on the tool, parameter P13 as well as the types of terrain successively encountered during drilling.
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- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de caractérisation d'une couche de terrain.The present invention relates to a method for characterizing a ground layer.
On connaît déjà de tels procédés dans lesquels on effectue un forage et l'on relève un certain nombre de paramètres de ce forage tels que la pression du fluide de perforation, le couple de rotation, la poussée exercée sur l'outil, la vitesse d'avance, la vitesse de rotation de l'outil, ou les vibrations de la tige, soit en fonction du temps, soit en fonction de la profondeur.Such methods are already known in which drilling is carried out and a certain number of parameters of this drilling are noted such as the pressure of the perforating fluid, the torque, the thrust exerted on the tool, the speed d 'advance, the speed of rotation of the tool, or the vibrations of the rod, either as a function of time or as a function of depth.
A partir de ces paramètres ou de combinaisons de ces paramètres, un spécialiste peut attribuer certaines caractéristiques au terrain traversé, par exemple définir les paramètres d'une injection qui sera effectuée ultérieurement, ou même avoir une idée relativement précise du type de ce terrain.From these parameters or combinations of these parameters, a specialist can attribute certain characteristics to the terrain crossed, for example defining the parameters of an injection which will be carried out subsequently, or even having a relatively precise idea of the type of this terrain.
Une telle analyse ne peut toutefois pas être effectuée en temps réel sur le lieu même du forage, de sorte que si ces résultats sont utiles en eux-mêmes pour la caractérisation du terrain, et notamment pour la connaissance de sa stratigraphie, ils ne peuvent être utilisés en particulier pour la conduite même du forage, que ce soit par le foreur ou par un automate qui lui serait substitué.However, such an analysis cannot be carried out in real time at the site of the drilling, so that if these results are useful in themselves for the characterization of the ground, and in particular for the knowledge of its stratigraphy, they cannot be used in particular for the actual conduct of drilling, either by the driller or by an automated machine that would be substituted for it.
La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de caractérisation d'une couche de terrain et notamment de détermination de sa stratigraphie, caractérisé par le fait que l'on exécute un forage dans ce terrain, que l'on relève au cours du forage un certain nombre de paramètres bruts dont au moins la profondeur atteinte, suivant un protocole d'échantillonnage prédéterminé, que l'on numérise ces paramètres, que l'on introduit les paramètres ainsi numérisés dans une base de faits volatile contenue dans une mémoire d'une unité de traitement contenant également une base de faits permanente, une base de règles et un moteur d'inférence, que pour au moins certains cycles d'échantillonnage on déclenche un cycle d'inférence du moteur d'inférence utilisant la base de faits volatile, la base de faits permanente et la base de règles pour en déduire le type de terrain traversé par le forage, que l'on ajoute à la base de faits permanente au moins le type de terrain ainsi inféré associé à sa profondeur, et que l'on remet à zéro la base de faits volatile.To this end, the subject of the invention is a method for characterizing a layer of land and in particular for determining its stratigraphy, characterized in that a borehole is carried out in this ground, which is noted during of drilling a certain number of raw parameters including at least the depth reached, according to a predetermined sampling protocol, that these parameters are digitized, that the parameters thus digitized are introduced into a volatile fact base contained in a memory a processing unit also containing a permanent fact base, a rule base and an inference engine, that for at least certain cycles sampling we trigger an inference cycle of the inference engine using the volatile fact base, the permanent fact base and the rule base to deduce the type of ground crossed by the drilling, which we add to the permanent fact base at least the type of terrain thus inferred associated with its depth, and that the volatile fact base is reset to zero.
On connaît bien entendu déjà de nombreux systèmes experts utilisant une base de connaissances, une base de règles, et un moteur d'inférence pour simuler l'expertise d'un spécialiste.Many expert systems are of course already known, using a knowledge base, a rule base, and an inference engine to simulate the expertise of a specialist.
On notera toutefois que l'une des caractéristiques essentielles de l'invention consiste à effectuer successivement une série de cycles d'inférence utilisant comme base de connaissances, d'une part un certain nombre de faits permanents et d'autre part des faits volatils qui ne sont conservés dans la base de connaissances que le temps d'un cycle et qui sont constitués au moins par certains des paramètres bruts échantillonnés.It will be noted, however, that one of the essential characteristics of the invention consists in successively carrying out a series of inference cycles using as knowledge base, on the one hand a certain number of permanent facts and on the other hand volatile facts which are kept in the knowledge base only for the duration of a cycle and which consist at least of some of the raw parameters sampled.
D'autre part, selon une autre caractéristique essentielle, la partie permanente de la base de connaissances, à savoir la base de faits permanente, s'enrichit à chaque cycle d'inférence du terrain inféré à ce cycle, de sorte que, lors du cycle suivant, la base de connaissances comprend notamment toute la stratigraphie du terrain se trouvant au-dessus de la profondeur actuelle du forage.On the other hand, according to another essential characteristic, the permanent part of the knowledge base, namely the permanent fact base, is enriched with each inference cycle from the terrain inferred from this cycle, so that, during the In the following cycle, the knowledge base includes in particular the entire stratigraphy of the land above the current depth of the borehole.
L'échantillonnage des paramètres de forage peut être effectué soit à intervalles de temps prédéterminés, soit à intervalles de profondeur prédéterminés.Sampling of the drilling parameters can be carried out either at predetermined time intervals or at predetermined depth intervals.
L'avantage d'échantillonner en fonction du temps est de permettre un bon contrôle des opérations de forage, y compris pendant les phases de changement de tige, et pendant les manoeuvres.The advantage of sampling as a function of time is to allow good control of drilling operations, including during the rod change phases, and during the maneuvers.
Par contre, l'inconvénient est que la quantité de données à stocker n'est pas a priori bornée supérieurement et peut par conséquent devenir extrêmement importante.On the other hand, the disadvantage is that the quantity of data to be stored is not a priori bounded superiorly and can consequently become extremely important.
Par contre, l'échantillonnage en fonction de la profondeur permet de mieux restituer dans l'espace les informations acquises.On the other hand, sampling as a function of depth makes it possible to better restore the information acquired in space.
On a déjà vu que dans la base de faits permanente, les types de terrain précédemment traversés par le forage sont stockés associés à leur profondeur.We have already seen that in the permanent fact base, the types of terrain previously traversed by drilling are stored associated with their depth.
Selon une autre caractéristique importante de l'invention, tous les faits de la base de faits permanente sont associés à un intervalle de profondeur.According to another important characteristic of the invention, all of the facts in the permanent fact base are associated with a depth interval.
Ceci signifie que tous les faits permanents sont affirmés, et par conséquent vrais sur tout un intervalle de profondeur, alors que les faits volatils ne sont vrais que pour la profondeur correspondant au cycle d'inférence en cours.This means that all permanent facts are affirmed, and therefore true over a whole depth interval, while volatile facts are only true for the depth corresponding to the current inference cycle.
On peut en outre prévoir d'introduire dans la base de faits volatile, outre les paramètres bruts, au moins un paramètre composé obtenu par traitement numérique de certains des paramètres bruts.One can also plan to introduce into the volatile fact base, in addition to the raw parameters, at least one compound parameter obtained by digital processing of some of the raw parameters.
L'édition des sorties, c'est-à-dire au moins du terrain traversé par le forage, ainsi éventuellement que certains des paramètres bruts ou composés, peut se faire par exemple sur un écran ou sur une imprimante.Editing the outputs, that is to say at least the ground traversed by the drilling, as well as possibly some of the raw or compound parameters, can be done for example on a screen or on a printer.
Mais les sorties peuvent également être utilisées en temps réel, par exemple par un automate en vue d'optimiser le forage.However, the outputs can also be used in real time, for example by a PLC to optimize drilling.
Les sorties peuvent également déclencher certaines alarmes ou éventuellement interrompre le forage.The outputs can also trigger certain alarms or possibly interrupt drilling.
On décrira maintenant à titre d'exemple non limitatif un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés dans lesquels :
- - la figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble d'une machine de forage permettant de mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention,
- - la figure 2 est un organigramme général de ce procédé,
- - la figure 3 est un organigramme des opérations effectuées par l'unité de traitement, et
- - la figure 4 montre un résultat obtenu à l'aide du procédé.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of a drilling machine making it possible to implement the method according to the invention,
- FIG. 2 is a general flow diagram of this method,
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of the operations carried out by the processing unit, and
- - Figure 4 shows a result obtained using the method.
La machine 1 de la figure 1 comporte une tête de forage 2 assurant de façon connue l'entraînement en rotation du train de tiges 3 et l'injection du fluide de forage dans ces tiges. Un outil de forage 4 est monté à la partie inférieure du train de tiges 3.The
La tête de forage 2 est reliée à un dispositif de mesure de la profondeur du forage et de la vitesse d'avance par un câble 5 passant sur une poulie de renvoi 6. Entre la tête de forage 2 et le train de tiges 3 est intercalé un dispositif de mesure électronique 7 relié par un câble non représenté à une unité de traitement 8.The
Le dispositif 7 peut être du type décrit dans la demande de brevet français No89.01624 ou, en variante, être remplacé par une boîte de capteurs de pression hydraulique connectée sur les circuits hydrauliques de la machine 1.The
A titre d'exemple, le dispositif de mesure 7 peut relever la pression du fluide de perforation, le couple de rotation, la poussée exercée sur l'outil ainsi que les vibrations du train de tiges.By way of example, the
Ces paramètres, ainsi que la vitesse d'avance sont mesurés à chaque pas de profondeur, par exemple tous les 5mm.These parameters, as well as the feed speed, are measured at each depth step, for example every 5mm.
Si on se réfère maintenant à la figure 2, on voit que le terrain 9 dans lequel est effectué le forage exerce certains efforts sur l'outil de forage 4. Ces efforts sont repris par la machine de forage 1 qui imprime à l'outil une certaine poussée et un couple de rotation, et qui fournit en outre le fluide de perforation sous pression.Referring now to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the
Il en résulte un certain nombre de paramètres de forage qui sont détectés par les capteurs du dispositif 7 relié, par l'intermédiaire d'un boîtier d'acquisition 10 où s'effectuent l'échantillonage et la numérisation, à l'unité de traitement 8, laquelle est reliée à tout moyen d'entrée/sortie 11 tel qu'une imprimante.This results in a certain number of drilling parameters which are detected by the sensors of the
Si l'on se réfère maintenant à la figure 3 on voit que l'unité de traitement 8 commence en 12 à initialiser la base de faits permanente préalablement au début du forage. Cette initialisation s'effectue soit à partir d'une mémoire, soit directement par l'opérateur.Referring now to Figure 3 we see that the
On voit ensuite que le programme se déroule selon deux cycles imbriqués. Le premier cycle est effectué tout les n pas de saisie, alors que le cycle extérieur est effectué sur toute la profondeur du forage.We then see that the program takes place in two overlapping cycles. The first cycle is carried out every n not entered, while the external cycle is carried out over the entire depth of the drilling.
Le premier cycle consiste tout d'abord à lire en 13 les données fournies par le boîtier d'acquisition, puis à traiter ces données pour les convertir en paramètres bruts en 14, et à combiner ensuite éventuellement certains de ces paramètres bruts pour obtenir des paramètres composés en 15.The first cycle consists first of all in reading at 13 the data supplied by the acquisition unit, then in processing this data to convert it into raw parameters in 14, and then possibly combining some of these raw parameters to obtain parameters compounds in 15.
Les paramètres composés peuvent être soit des combinaisons algébriques de certains des paramètres bruts, soit des valeurs lissées de ces paramètres sur les n pas.Compound parameters can be either algebraic combinations of some of the raw parameters, or smoothed values of these parameters over n.
Tous les n pas, la base de faits volatile est remise à zéro en 16, puis sont introduits les paramètres bruts et les paramètres composés choisis qui constituent les faits volatils en question.Every n not, the volatile fact base is reset to zero at 16, then the raw parameters and the selected compound parameters which constitute the volatile facts in question are introduced.
En 17 le moteur d'inférence de l'unité de traitement effectue un cycle d'inférence d'où il déduit notamment le type de terrain qui vient d'être traversé.In 17, the inference engine of the processing unit performs an inference cycle from which it in particular deduces the type of terrain which has just been crossed.
En 18 la base de faits permanente est mise à jour en y ajoutant le type de terrain trouvé ainsi que la profondeur, et les résultats sont édités en 19.In 18 the permanent fact base is updated by adding the type of terrain found as well as the depth, and the results are published in 19.
On constate par conséquent que la base de faits volatile contient des valeurs de paramètres bruts et de paramètres composés uniquement valables pour un cycle d'inférence, à savoir le cycle qui se déroule à la profondeur atteinte par le forage.It is therefore found that the volatile fact base contains values of raw parameters and of compound parameters only valid for an inference cycle, namely the cycle which takes place at the depth reached by drilling.
Par contre la base de faits permanente comprend au moins tous les terrains trouvés aux cycles d'inférence précédents associés à leur profondeur.In contrast, the permanent fact base includes at least all of the terrains found in previous inference cycles associated with their depth.
Le tableau 1 ci-après définit une configuration particulière qui a été utilisée lors d'un forage ayant conduit aux résultats montrés à la figure 4.Table 1 below defines a particular configuration that was used during drilling which led to the results shown in Figure 4.
Les paramètres bruts sont ceux qui ont été mentionnés ci-dessus, le couple de rotation ainsi que la poussée et la retenue exercée sur l'outil étant mesurés sous forme de pressions dans les circuits hydrauliques de la machine 1.The raw parameters are those which have been mentioned above, the torque and the thrust and the restraint exerted on the tool being measured in the form of pressures in the hydraulic circuits of the
La définition des paramètres composés vise à obtenir le paramètre P13 qui est la valeur lissée sur dix pas du carré de la valeur absolue de la différence de poussée entre deux pas successifs.The definition of the compound parameters aims to obtain the parameter P13 which is the value smoothed over ten square steps of the absolute value of the difference in thrust between two successive steps.
Les sorties consistent en l'impression graphique des paramètres de pression et de poussée ainsi que du paramètre P13, et en l'impression graphique et alphanumérique du terrain traversé tel qu'il est déterminé par le système expert.The outputs consist of the graphical printing of the pressure and thrust parameters as well as of the parameter P13, and the graphical and alphanumeric printing of the terrain crossed as determined by the expert system.
Le tableau 2 montre les faits de la base de faits permanente.Table 2 shows the facts in the permanent fact base.
Les faits du type AFF = "type de terrain" signifient qu'il y a lieu d'afficher, c'est-à-dire d'éditer sur l'imprimante ou sur l'écran, ce type de terrain.Facts of the type AFF = "type of terrain" mean that this type of terrain should be displayed, that is to say on the printer or on the screen.
Enfin le tableau 3 énonce les règles de la base utilisée.Finally, Table 3 sets out the rules of the base used.
On voit que ces règles sont du type : dans lesquelles i,j, k...., l,m,n... sont soit des faits de la base de faits permanente, soit des faits de la base de faits volatile.We see that these rules are of the type: in which i, j, k ...., l, m, n ... are either facts from the permanent fact base, or facts from the volatile fact base.
On constate en outre qu'à chaque règle peut être affecté un ordre de priorité déterminant, dans le cas où deux règles peuvent être mises en oeuvre simultanément (c'est-à-dire dans le cas où les prémices de chacune sont toutes vraies), l'ordre dans lequel ces règles doivent être mises en oeuvre.It is further noted that each rule can be assigned a determining order of priority, in the case where two rules can be implemented simultaneously (that is to say in the case where the beginnings of each are all true) , the order in which these rules should be implemented.
L'homme de métier pourra, à partir de la description qui précède et du présent exemple, écrire le logiciel informatique permettant d'obtenir le résultat représenté à la figure 4.A person skilled in the art can, from the above description and from this example, write the computer software allowing the result shown in FIG. 4 to be obtained.
Cette figure représente en fonction de la profondeur la pression du fluide de perforation, la poussée exercée sur l'outil, le paramètre P13 ainsi que les types de terrains successivement rencontrés au cours du forage.This figure represents as a function of the depth the pressure of the perforating fluid, the thrust exerted on the tool, parameter P13 as well as the types of terrain successively encountered during drilling.
Diverses variantes et modifications peuvent bien entendu être apportées à la description qui précède sans sortir pour autant du cadre ni de l'esprit de l'invention.Various variants and modifications can of course be made to the above description without departing from the scope or the spirit of the invention.
Ce procédé est utilisable dans différents domaines du Génie Civil, tels que la reconnaissance de sol, le pilotage d'injection automatique ou la détermination du niveau d'ancrage des pieux et tirants.
- FAIT No 01 : AFF < > ALLUVI0NSFACT # 01: AFF <> ALLUVI0NS
- FAIT No 02 : AFF = ALLUVIONSFACT # 02: AFF = ALLUVIONS
- FAIT No 03 : AFF = ARGILEFACT # 03: AFF = CLAY
- FAIT No 04 : AFF = CALCAIREFACT # 04: AFF = LIMESTONE
- FAIT No 05 : AFF CARRIERE_REMBLAYEEFACT # 05: AFF CARRIERE_REMBLAYEE
- FAIT No 06 : AFF = MARNES_ET_CAILLASSESFACT # 06: AFF = MARNES_ET_CAILLASSES
- FAIT No 07 : AFF < > REMBLAIFACT # 07: AFF <> BACKFILL
- FAIT No 08 : AFF = REMBLAIFACT # 08: AFF = BACKFILL
- FAIT No 09 : AFF = SABLE_DE_BEAUCHAMPFACT # 09: AFF = SABLE_DE_BEAUCHAMP
- FAIT No 10 : P1 = 0FACT # 10: P1 = 0
- FAIT No 11 : P1 > 0FACT # 11: P1> 0
- FAIT No 12 : P13 < 1FACT # 12: P13 <1
- FAIT No 13 : P13 > 1FACT # 13: P13> 1
- FAIT No 14 : P8 < 1FACT # 14: P8 <1
- FAIT No 15 : P8 > 1FACT # 15: P8> 1
- FAIT No 16 : PROF < 2FACT # 16: PROF <2
- FAIT No 17 : PROF < 10FACT # 17: PROF <10
- FAIT No 18 : PROF > 10FACT # 18: PROF> 10
- FAIT No 19 : PROF < 20FACT # 19: PROF <20
- FAIT No 20 : PROF > 20FACT # 20: PROF> 20
- FAIT No 21 : SITE = PARIS **vrai sur tout le forage**FACT # 21: SITE = PARIS ** true on all drilling **
- FAIT No 22 . TERRAIN < > CALCAIREFACT # 22. LAND <> LIMESTONE
- FAIT No 23 : TERRAIN = DEBRISFACT # 23: LAND = DEBRIS
- FAIT No 24 : TERRAIN = FORMATION_COMPACTEFACT # 24: FIELD = COMPACT_ TRAINING
- FAIT No 25 : TERRAIN = REMBLAIFACT # 25: LAND = BACKFILL
- FAIT No 26 : TERRAIN < > SABLEFACT # 26: SAND <> SAND
- FAIT No 27 : TERRAIN_TROUVE = ALLUVI0NS*PROF>5FACT # 27: TERRAIN_TROUVE = ALLUVI0NS * PROF> 5
- FAIT No 28 : TERRAIN_TROUVE = SABLE_DE_BEAUCHAMPFACT # 28: TERRAIN_TROUVE = SABLE_DE_BEAUCHAMP
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8907178A FR2647849B1 (en) | 1989-05-31 | 1989-05-31 | METHOD OF CHARACTERIZING A LAYER |
FR8907178 | 1989-05-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0401119A1 true EP0401119A1 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
Family
ID=9382215
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90401465A Withdrawn EP0401119A1 (en) | 1989-05-31 | 1990-05-31 | Method for characterising a primary layer |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0401119A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE401119T1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2019564A4 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2647849B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2820155A1 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-08-02 | Cie Du Sol | Method for drilling for foundation piles in granite, uses measurements of dynamic properties of drill to compute estimate of terrain quality at successive depths, and stops drilling when a succession of suitable values is detected |
EP1942247A1 (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2008-07-09 | BAUER Maschinen GmbH | Method and apparatus to drill in the soil by displacement |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3752966A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1973-08-14 | Santa Fe Int Corp | Drill bit utilization optimizer |
US3916684A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1975-11-04 | Texaco Inc | Method and apparatus for developing a surface well-drilling log |
US4064749A (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1977-12-27 | Texaco Inc. | Method and system for determining formation porosity |
US4407017A (en) * | 1978-09-06 | 1983-09-27 | Zhilikov Valentin V | Method and apparatus for controlling drilling process |
EP0101158A2 (en) * | 1982-06-21 | 1984-02-22 | Trans-Texas Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling well drilling parameters |
EP0168996A1 (en) * | 1984-06-30 | 1986-01-22 | Anadrill International SA | Drilling monitor |
GB2164744A (en) * | 1984-09-24 | 1986-03-26 | Nl Industries Inc | Apparatus and method for estimating formation characteristics of exposed bottomhole formation |
EP0293767A2 (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1988-12-07 | Exploration Loggin, Inc. | Computer-controlled model for determining internal friction angle, porosity, and fracture probability |
-
1989
- 1989-05-31 FR FR8907178A patent/FR2647849B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-05-31 ES ES90401465T patent/ES2019564A4/en active Pending
- 1990-05-31 EP EP90401465A patent/EP0401119A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-05-31 DE DE199090401465T patent/DE401119T1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3752966A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1973-08-14 | Santa Fe Int Corp | Drill bit utilization optimizer |
US3916684A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1975-11-04 | Texaco Inc | Method and apparatus for developing a surface well-drilling log |
US4064749A (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1977-12-27 | Texaco Inc. | Method and system for determining formation porosity |
US4407017A (en) * | 1978-09-06 | 1983-09-27 | Zhilikov Valentin V | Method and apparatus for controlling drilling process |
EP0101158A2 (en) * | 1982-06-21 | 1984-02-22 | Trans-Texas Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling well drilling parameters |
EP0168996A1 (en) * | 1984-06-30 | 1986-01-22 | Anadrill International SA | Drilling monitor |
GB2164744A (en) * | 1984-09-24 | 1986-03-26 | Nl Industries Inc | Apparatus and method for estimating formation characteristics of exposed bottomhole formation |
EP0293767A2 (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1988-12-07 | Exploration Loggin, Inc. | Computer-controlled model for determining internal friction angle, porosity, and fracture probability |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2820155A1 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-08-02 | Cie Du Sol | Method for drilling for foundation piles in granite, uses measurements of dynamic properties of drill to compute estimate of terrain quality at successive depths, and stops drilling when a succession of suitable values is detected |
EP1229172A1 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-08-07 | Compagnie Du Sol | Method and apparatus for making drilled piles in hard ground |
EP1942247A1 (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2008-07-09 | BAUER Maschinen GmbH | Method and apparatus to drill in the soil by displacement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2647849A1 (en) | 1990-12-07 |
DE401119T1 (en) | 1991-05-23 |
FR2647849B1 (en) | 1995-12-29 |
ES2019564A4 (en) | 1991-07-01 |
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