EP0398102B1 - Stand for drawing and braking of strips - Google Patents

Stand for drawing and braking of strips Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0398102B1
EP0398102B1 EP90108503A EP90108503A EP0398102B1 EP 0398102 B1 EP0398102 B1 EP 0398102B1 EP 90108503 A EP90108503 A EP 90108503A EP 90108503 A EP90108503 A EP 90108503A EP 0398102 B1 EP0398102 B1 EP 0398102B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
belt
stand according
chain
metal strip
stand
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP90108503A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0398102A1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Umlauf
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT90108503T priority Critical patent/ATE91648T1/en
Publication of EP0398102A1 publication Critical patent/EP0398102A1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B39/00Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B39/02Feeding or supporting work; Braking or tensioning arrangements, e.g. threading arrangements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C47/00Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only
    • B21C47/003Regulation of tension or speed; Braking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B39/00Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B39/006Pinch roll sets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C47/00Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only
    • B21C47/006Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only winding-up or winding-off several parallel metal bands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C47/00Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only
    • B21C47/34Feeding or guiding devices not specially adapted to a particular type of apparatus
    • B21C47/345Feeding or guiding devices not specially adapted to a particular type of apparatus for monitoring the tension or advance of the material
    • B21C47/3458Endlessly revolving chain systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H23/00Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
    • B65H23/04Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally
    • B65H23/06Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by retarding devices, e.g. acting on web-roll spindle
    • B65H23/10Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by retarding devices, e.g. acting on web-roll spindle acting on running web

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a scaffold for pulling or braking metal strips or sheets, in particular for a plurality of narrow strips to be wound up together with band-wise separate braking action, between two opposing endless chain systems driven by chain wheels.
  • Such a brake stand for metal or sheet metal strips is known from EP-PS 195 096.
  • the chain systems of which clamp the strip or sheet metal with carriage-like roller blocks guided on strips in a straight driving area the great pulling or restraining force (up to 200 t) required when braking or pulling metal strips can be done without damaging the surface of the split or non-split tape.
  • This is primarily achieved by the targeted feeding of the chain systems with the roller blocks into a relatively short clamping and driving area by means of straight guide rails, which at the same time enable the large clamping forces to be supported.
  • each chain supports the targeted feeding of the roller blocks.
  • the chains which are composed of a large number of directly coupled roller blocks, can then be moved largely without deflection, so that, on the one hand, the targeted parallel feeding of the opposite roller blocks of the chain systems into the driving area is supported and, on the other hand, very high speeds - e.g. up to 1000 m / min - are possible .
  • a braking device known from AT-B 383 754, strand-shaped bodies are driven between oppositely arranged, endlessly rotating ones Trigger bands clamped.
  • Trigger bands clamped.
  • cleat chains are pressed onto the trigger belts and thus the strand-like body to be braked by means of slide skid rockers acted upon by pressure cylinders.
  • the train is applied via the deflection rollers driving the pulling belts by means of frictional engagement; the belt tension to be achieved with this is only very small.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the above disadvantages and to prevent dirt particles from entering the chain case.
  • this object is achieved in that a belt is arranged between at least one chain system and the metal strip.
  • Such the chain systems in a straight line Driving area shielding straps could be unwound, for example, from supply rolls arranged on the inlet side of the stand and wound onto winding rolls arranged on the outlet side of the stand.
  • the belt or belts is or are taken along in the driving area by the circulating chain systems.
  • the belt is designed as an endless belt radially enveloping the chain system.
  • the chain systems which are preferably both radially enveloped by an endless belt, are thus protected by a closed surface, so that scale, such as from strongly scaled hot strip, zinc and tin abrasion or other dirt particles can no longer enter the chain case; Downtimes due to contamination are therefore largely excluded.
  • the closed surface of the endless belts also allows the belts to be cleaned on the inlet or outlet side of the entrainment area by means of steam jets, which is an additional advantage, in particular when processing highly surface-sensitive belts.
  • the forces can be introduced via a linear motor instead of by means of a rotating motor (eg direct current motor) in the case of the chain systems shielded or covered according to the invention.
  • a rotating motor eg direct current motor
  • the metal strip can be displaced and different strip tensions can be achieved across the width of the metal strip.
  • the tax effect can influence the rolling process and the metal strip can be moved in the nip of the rolling mill rolls of a rolling stand.
  • the control effect during stretch straightening can be used as an additional manipulated variable; for example, the bending rolls of the stretch bending judge can also be steered like a control roll.
  • the belts or endless belts are not driven, but are taken along by the circulating chain systems in the driving or tensioning area of the scaffolding. Carrying the endless belts is ensured by contact with the coated, carriage-like roller blocks.
  • the forces acting on the endless belts, which result from the tensioning forces of the chain systems, the belt tensioning forces and, if applicable, lateral forces from the belt control, are safely transmitted; this can be done by choosing the material pairing of the contact surfaces, such as the material of the coating of the roller blocks and the endless belt, e.g. Rubber on rubber, are favored.
  • the specific loads on the belt can be kept very low.
  • the material of the belts for example polyurethane or rubber
  • the material of the belts for example polyurethane or rubber
  • An elastic coating of the roller blocks - depending on the purpose of the scaffold - could possibly be dispensed with entirely.
  • the pulleys support the easy winding of the endless belts from the long side; the belts can be slid onto the pulleys like loops.
  • a tensioning roller can also be arranged so as to be immersed in the endless belt - the endless belt to be pushed on or removed can be brought into a tensioned position required for operation or in a relaxed state which facilitates removal. Due to the simple exchange, it is easy to adapt the brake scaffold to tasks that have to be performed particularly, for example if the same scaffold is used to treat oiled tape instead of the previously processed dry tape.
  • the deflection rollers arranged on the inlet and outlet sides of the driving area be cylindrical.
  • the guiding of the endless belts directly in front of and behind the driving area via cylindrical rollers helps to prevent possible wrinkling in this area, which clamps the belt with extremely high forces without relative movement.
  • an automatic center setting of the circumferential endless belts can be achieved.
  • at least one of these rollers can be operated as a control roller, for example manually adjusted via a pivot point, and also influence the running of the endless belts in this way.
  • a scaffold comprising chain belts encased by endless belts can also be used as a squeezing unit and can be used, for example, in a pickling line as a drive, control and squeezing unit.
  • the effects or advantages described above can also be achieved if the sides of the straps facing the metal strip are provided with an elastic, preferably profiled, coating.
  • a polyurethane or rubber coating for example approximately 30 mm thick, in combination with the profiling, there is the possibility of achieving targeted elastic behavior, such as in particular when treating split strips.
  • the belt may be made of a heat-resistant, a heat-conductive or a noise-absorbing material or a combination of these (and other materials).
  • the nature and properties of the belt which is preferably made up of several layers of material, can be varied as required by suitable material selection depending on the operating conditions and intended use. With belts made of an asbestos-like, heat-resistant material, adaptation to hot metal strips can be achieved and a metal strip with high temperatures, for example up to 350 ° C., can be easily pulled or braked.
  • the belt which may consist of metal, metal alloys, fabric, polyurethane and rubber, for example, it may be multilayered, e.g. achieve cooling of the metal band due to a temperature gradient between the metal band and the belt; targeted cooling of the metal strip is therefore possible.
  • the heat dissipation from the belt depends on the thermal conductivity of the material for the belt; e.g. Made of a copper alloy, metal strips with temperatures up to 700 ° C, for example, can be metallurgically influenced. When a very hot metal strip cools down at a high cooling rate, certain microstructures can be achieved.
  • the scaffolding according to the invention for pulling or braking metal strips thus makes it possible to produce strip tension, at the same time to enable control effects and to exert metallurgical influence on the structure of the metal strip.
  • the belts can be designed for the transmission of current. If, for example, the straps have an outer coating made of copper, it is possible to transfer larger amounts of heat to the metal strip in the driving area of the scaffolding in a very short time; This is favored by the fact that, due to the metal strip gripped from two sides, large contact surfaces and thus large cross sections and high contact forces are available. With belts that have a rubber layer, the necessary insulation can also be easily achieved.
  • the noise reduction achieved anyway due to the covering or at least shielding of the chain systems can be further improved if the belts are made of a noise-damping material, e.g. made of rubber or rubber combined with a backing layer made of a textile fabric.
  • a noise-damping material e.g. made of rubber or rubber combined with a backing layer made of a textile fabric.
  • the brake and restraint scaffold 1 consists of two oppositely arranged chain systems 2, 3, of which the upper chain system 2 can be adjusted against the lower chain system 3.
  • the chains 2, 3 are composed of a large number of coupled, carriage-like roller blocks 4, which extend over the entire width of a metal strip 6 entering in the direction of the arrow 5 and with at least two support wheels 7 on a raceway 9 which is circular in shape except for the straight driving area 8 put this.
  • the raceway 9 is formed in its driving area 8, in which the opposite roller blocks 4 grip the belt 6 on both sides and clamp between them (see FIG. 2), of straight strips 10 with bevels 11 on the inlet and outlet sides.
  • the upper or driving surfaces of the roller blocks 4 are provided with an elastic coating 12; they have a width corresponding to the chain pitch and extend within the rotational positions defined by axes of the support wheels 7 of two adjacent, ie successive blocks 4 (cf. FIG. 2).
  • each chain system 2, 3 is radially enveloped by an endless belt 13.
  • the endless belts 13 are guided over deflection rollers 14, 15, 16 and 17, of which the deflection rollers 14 and 17 arranged on the inlet and outlet side of the driving area 8 are cylindrical.
  • those removed from the driving area 8, i.e. each have radially outer deflection rollers 15, 16 spherical, which favors the central guidance and / or adjustment of the guidance of the endless belts 13.
  • the endless belt 13 shown in cross section in FIG. 3 is constructed like a sandwich; it consists of three material layers 18, 19, 20, namely, for example, a backing layer 19 made of textile fabric, an inner layer 18 made of metal and an elastic outer layer 20 made of rubber or which comes into contact with the metal strip 6 (see the lower endless belt in FIG. 2) Polyurethane.
  • this structure merely represents a selection of any material layers for a sandwich-like endless belt that can be variably adapted and modified for the intended use.

Abstract

Dirt particles such as scale, abraded zinc and tin etc. are prevented from penetrating into the chain case in a stand (1) for drawing or braking metal strips or sheets (6), in particular for a plurality of narrow strips which are to be wound on in common with a separate braking action for each strip, between two mutually opposite continuously revolving chain systems (2, 3) driven by chain wheels, in which a belt (13) is arranged between at least one chain system (2 or 3) and the metal strip (6). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gerüst zum Ziehen oder Bremsen von Metallbändern bzw. -blechen, insbesondere für mehrere gemeinsam aufzuwickelnde Schmalbänder mit bandweise getrennter Bremswirkung, zwischen zwei einander gegenüberliegenden und von Kettenrädern angetriebenen, endlos umlaufenden Kettensystemen.The invention relates to a scaffold for pulling or braking metal strips or sheets, in particular for a plurality of narrow strips to be wound up together with band-wise separate braking action, between two opposing endless chain systems driven by chain wheels.

Ein derartiges Bremsgerüst für Metall- bzw. Blechbänder ist aus der EP-PS 195 096 bekannt. Mit diesem Gerüst, dessen Kettensysteme das Band bzw. Blech mit in einem geraden Mitnahmebereich auf Leisten geführten, wagenartigen Rollenblöcken einspannen, läßt sich die beim Bremsen oder Ziehen von Metallbändern benötigte große Zug- oder Rückhaltekraft (bis 200 t) ohne schädigende Einwirkungen auf die Oberfläche des gespaltenen oder nicht gespaltenen Bandes aufbringen. Das wird in erster Linie durch das gezielte Zuführen der Kettensysteme mit den Rollenblöcken in einen relativ kurzen Einspann- und Mitnahmebereich mittels gerader Führungsleisten erreicht, die gleichzeitig das Abstützen der großen Einspannkräfte ermöglichen. Auf diese Weise lassen sich relativ große Andrückkräfte aufnehmen, die notwendig sind, um große Zug- oder Rückhaltekräfte ohne Relativbewegung zwischen dem Band und den unlaufenden, wagenartigen Rollenblöcken sicherzustellen. Durch eine mit Ausnahme des Mitnahmerbereichs über den gesamten Verlauf kreisbogenförmige Führung jeder Kette wird das gezielte Zuführen der Rollenblöcke unterstützt. Die aus einer Vielzahl unmittelbar miteinander gekoppelter Rollenblöcke zusammengesetzten Ketten lassen sich dann nämlich weitestgehend umlenkungsfrei bewegen, so daß einerseits das gezielte parallele Zuführen der gegenüberliegenden Rollenblöcke der Kettensysteme in den Mitnahmebereich unterstützt und andererseits auch sehr hohe Geschwindigkeiten - z.B. bis 1000 m/min - möglich sind.Such a brake stand for metal or sheet metal strips is known from EP-PS 195 096. With this scaffolding, the chain systems of which clamp the strip or sheet metal with carriage-like roller blocks guided on strips in a straight driving area, the great pulling or restraining force (up to 200 t) required when braking or pulling metal strips can be done without damaging the surface of the split or non-split tape. This is primarily achieved by the targeted feeding of the chain systems with the roller blocks into a relatively short clamping and driving area by means of straight guide rails, which at the same time enable the large clamping forces to be supported. In this way, relatively large pressing forces can be absorbed, which are necessary in order to ensure large tensile or retaining forces without relative movement between the belt and the non-running, carriage-like roller blocks. With the exception of the entrainment area, the entire course is circular Guiding each chain supports the targeted feeding of the roller blocks. The chains, which are composed of a large number of directly coupled roller blocks, can then be moved largely without deflection, so that, on the one hand, the targeted parallel feeding of the opposite roller blocks of the chain systems into the driving area is supported and, on the other hand, very high speeds - e.g. up to 1000 m / min - are possible .

Mit einem derartigen Bremsgerüst, das das oberflächenschonende Aufbringen hoher Zug- bzw. Haltekräfte ermöglicht, lassen sich somit insbesondere auch sehr oberflächenempfindliche Bänder, z.B. Aluminiumband, mit den gewünschten großen Zug- oder Haltekräften behandeln. Wie sich herausgestellt hat, läßt sich nicht völlig ausschließen, daß - da eine geschlossene Fläche der Rollenblöcke nur im geraden Mitnahmebereich vorhanden ist - Zunder, z.B. dann, wenn das Bremsgerüst einem Glühofen nachgeschaltet ist, nicht immer zu vermeidende Zink- und Zinnabriebe etc. in den Kettenkasten eindringen, und zwar über die Spalte zwischen benachbarten Rollenblöcken. Derartige in den Kettenkasten - dieser ist im Inneren der umlaufenden Ketten angeordnet - gelangenden Schmutzteilchen bzw. Partikel können sich dort auf die Laufschienen, die Zahnräder und die Lager setzen und zu Betriebsstörungen führen.With a brake scaffold of this type, which enables high tensile or holding forces to be applied in a manner which is gentle on the surface, it is thus also possible, in particular, for very surface-sensitive strips, e.g. Treat aluminum strip with the desired high tensile or holding forces. As it turned out, it cannot be completely ruled out that - since there is a closed area of the roller blocks only in the straight driving area - scale, e.g. then, when the brake stand is installed downstream of an annealing furnace, zinc and tin abrasion, etc., which cannot always be avoided, penetrate into the chain case, namely via the gaps between adjacent roller blocks. Such dirt particles or particles entering the chain case - this is arranged inside the revolving chains - can sit there on the running rails, the gears and the bearings and lead to malfunctions.

Bei einer aus der AT-B 383 754 bekannten Bremsvorrichtung werden strangförmige Körper zwischen gegenüberliegend angeordneten, endlos umlaufenden, angetriebenen Abzugsbändern eingespannt. Zum Bremsen werden Stollenketten über von Anpreßzylindern beaufschlagte Gleitkufenwippen an die Abzugsbänder und damit den zu bremsenden strangförmigen Körper angepreßt. Der Zug wird über die die Abzugsbänder antreibenden Umlenkrollen mittels Reibschluß aufgebracht; die damit zu erreichenden Bandzüge sind nur sehr gering.In a braking device known from AT-B 383 754, strand-shaped bodies are driven between oppositely arranged, endlessly rotating ones Trigger bands clamped. For braking, cleat chains are pressed onto the trigger belts and thus the strand-like body to be braked by means of slide skid rockers acted upon by pressure cylinders. The train is applied via the deflection rollers driving the pulling belts by means of frictional engagement; the belt tension to be achieved with this is only very small.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die vorstehenden Nachteile zu vermeiden und zu verhindern, daß Schmutzpartikel in den Kettenkasten gelangen.The invention has for its object to avoid the above disadvantages and to prevent dirt particles from entering the chain case.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß zwischen zumindest einem Kettensystem und dem Metallband ein Gurt angeordnet ist. Solche die Kettensysteme im geraden Mitnahmebereich nach innen abschirmenden Gurte könnten z.B. von an der Einlaufseite des Gerüstes angeordneten Vorratsrollen abgewickelt und auf an der Auslaufseite des Gerüstes angeordneten Wickelrollen aufgewickelt werden. Der Gurt bzw. die Gurte wird bzw. werden im Mitnahmebereich von den umlaufenden Kettensystemen mitgenommen.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that a belt is arranged between at least one chain system and the metal strip. Such the chain systems in a straight line Driving area shielding straps could be unwound, for example, from supply rolls arranged on the inlet side of the stand and wound onto winding rolls arranged on the outlet side of the stand. The belt or belts is or are taken along in the driving area by the circulating chain systems.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Gurt als ein das Kettensystem radial umhüllender Endlosgurt ausgebildet. Die vorzugsweise beiden von jeweils einem Endlosgurt radial umhüllten Kettensysteme werden somit von einer geschlossenen Fläche geschützt, so daß Zunder, wie von stark verzundertem Warmband, Zink- und Zinnabriebe oder andere Schmutzpartikel nicht mehr in den Kettenkasten eintreten können; auf Verschmutzungen zurückzuführende Störzeiten sind somit weitestgehend ausgeschlossen. Die geschlossene Fläche der Endlosgurte erlaubt es außerdem, die Gurte ein- oder auslaufseitig des Mitnahmebereichs mittels Dampfstrahlern zu reinigen, was insbesondere beim Bearbeiten hoch oberflächenempfindlicher Bänder von zusätzlichem Vorteil ist. Schließlich ist wichtig, insbesondere für Bänder mit empfindlichen Oberflächen, daß über die Endlosgurte eine geschlossene, ebene Kontaktfläche zum Metallband vorliegt, die Walkarbeit und Verquetschungen verhindert. Wie bei dem bekannten Gerüst, lassen sich auch bei den erfindungsgemäß abgeschirmten bzw. umhüllten Kettensystemen die Kräfte anstatt mittels eines rotierenden Motors (z.B. Gleichstrommotor) über einen Linearmotor einleiten. Weiterhin ist ein Steuern des Metallbandes bzw. der Spaltbänder mittels des auf einem Steuerrahmen angeordneten Gerüstes möglich. Das Metallband läßt sich verschieben, und es können gezielt underschiedliche Bandspannungen über die Breite des Metallbandes erreicht werden. Mittels des Steuereffektes kann Einfluß auf den Walzprozeß genommen und das Metallband im Walzspalt der Walzwerkswalzen eines Walzgerüstes verschoben werden. Beim Einsatz des Brems- und Ziehgerüstes zusammen mit einem Streckbiegerichter läßt sich der Steuereffekt beim Streckrichten als zusätzliche Stellgröße verwenden; beispielsweise können die Biegerollen des Streckbiegerichters ebenfalls wie eine Steuerrolle lenkbar sein.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the belt is designed as an endless belt radially enveloping the chain system. The chain systems, which are preferably both radially enveloped by an endless belt, are thus protected by a closed surface, so that scale, such as from strongly scaled hot strip, zinc and tin abrasion or other dirt particles can no longer enter the chain case; Downtimes due to contamination are therefore largely excluded. The closed surface of the endless belts also allows the belts to be cleaned on the inlet or outlet side of the entrainment area by means of steam jets, which is an additional advantage, in particular when processing highly surface-sensitive belts. Finally, it is important, especially for belts with sensitive surfaces, that there is a closed, level contact surface with the metal belt via the endless belts, which prevents flexing and crushing. As with the known scaffolding, the forces can be introduced via a linear motor instead of by means of a rotating motor (eg direct current motor) in the case of the chain systems shielded or covered according to the invention. Furthermore, it is possible to control the metal strip or the split strips by means of the framework arranged on a control frame. The metal strip can be displaced and different strip tensions can be achieved across the width of the metal strip. By means of the tax effect can influence the rolling process and the metal strip can be moved in the nip of the rolling mill rolls of a rolling stand. When using the brake and drawing scaffolding together with a stretch bending straightener, the control effect during stretch straightening can be used as an additional manipulated variable; for example, the bending rolls of the stretch bending judge can also be steered like a control roll.

Die Gurte bzw. Endlosgurte werden nicht angetrieben, sondern im Mitnahme- bzw. Spannbereich des Gerüstes von den umlaufenden Kettensystemen mitgenommen. Das Mitnehmen der Endlosgurte wird dabei durch den Kontakt mit den beschichteten, wagenartigen Rollenblöcken sichergestellt. Die auf die Endlosgurte einwirkenden, sich aus den Verspannkräften der Kettensysteme, den Gurt-Vorspannkräften und gegebenenfalls Seitenkräften aus der Bandsteuerung ergebenden Kräfte werden sicher übertragen; dies kann durch die Wahl der Werkstoffpaarung der Kontaktflächen, wie dem Material der Beschichtung der Rollenblöcke und des Endlosgurtes, z.B. Gummi auf Gummi, begünstigt werden. Die spezifischen Belastungen des Gurtes lassen sich sehr gering halten. Für den Werkstoff der Gurte, es eignen sich beispielsweise Polyurethan oder Gummi, gelten die gleichen Kriterien wie beim Beschichten der Oberflächen der wagenartigen Rollenblöcke; wenn große Kräfte aufzubringen sind, ist ein entsprechend härterer Werkstoff erforderlich und bei geringen Kräften läßt sich ein entsprechend weicherer Werkstoff einsetzen. Auf eine elastische Beschichtung der Rollenblöcke - je nach Einsatzzweck des Gerüstes - könnte gegebenenfalls ganz verzichtet werden.The belts or endless belts are not driven, but are taken along by the circulating chain systems in the driving or tensioning area of the scaffolding. Carrying the endless belts is ensured by contact with the coated, carriage-like roller blocks. The forces acting on the endless belts, which result from the tensioning forces of the chain systems, the belt tensioning forces and, if applicable, lateral forces from the belt control, are safely transmitted; this can be done by choosing the material pairing of the contact surfaces, such as the material of the coating of the roller blocks and the endless belt, e.g. Rubber on rubber, are favored. The specific loads on the belt can be kept very low. The same criteria apply to the material of the belts, for example polyurethane or rubber, as when coating the surfaces of the carriage-like roller blocks; if large forces are to be applied, a correspondingly harder material is required and, for low forces, a correspondingly softer material can be used. An elastic coating of the roller blocks - depending on the purpose of the scaffold - could possibly be dispensed with entirely.

Es empfiehlt sich, die Endlosgurte über Umlenkrollen zu führen, wobei sich vorteilhaft zumindest eine der Umlenkrollen als Spannrolle ausbilden läßt. Die Umlenkrollen unterstützen das leichte Aufziehen der Endlosgurte von der Längsseite her; die Gurte lassen sich wie Schlaufen auf die Umlenkrollen schieben. Mittels der Spannrolle - alternativ kann eine Spannrolle auch in den Endlosgurt eintauchend angeordnet sein - läßt sich der aufzuschiebende oder abzunehmende Endlosgurt in eine für den Betrieb erforderliche Spannlage oder einen den Ausbau erleichternden, entspannten Zustand bringen. Aufgrund des einfachen Austauschs ist ein Anpassen des Bremsgerüstes an besonders zu erfüllende Aufgaben leicht möglich, beispielsweise, wenn mit demselben Gerüst eingeöltes Band anstatt des zuvor bearbeiteten, trockenen Bandes behandelt werden soll.It is advisable to guide the endless belts over deflection rollers, with at least one of the deflection rollers advantageously being used trained as a tensioner. The pulleys support the easy winding of the endless belts from the long side; the belts can be slid onto the pulleys like loops. By means of the tensioning roller - alternatively, a tensioning roller can also be arranged so as to be immersed in the endless belt - the endless belt to be pushed on or removed can be brought into a tensioned position required for operation or in a relaxed state which facilitates removal. Due to the simple exchange, it is easy to adapt the brake scaffold to tasks that have to be performed particularly, for example if the same scaffold is used to treat oiled tape instead of the previously processed dry tape.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß die ein- und auslaufseitig des Mitnahmebereichs angeordneten Umlenkrollen zylindrisch sind. Das Führen der Endlosgurte unmittelbar vor und hinter dem Mitnahmebereich über zylindrische Rollen trägt dazu bei, eine mögliche Faltenbildung in diesem das Band ohne Relativbewegung mit außerordentlich hohen Kräften einspannenden Bereich zu vermeiden.It is proposed that the deflection rollers arranged on the inlet and outlet sides of the driving area be cylindrical. The guiding of the endless belts directly in front of and behind the driving area via cylindrical rollers helps to prevent possible wrinkling in this area, which clamps the belt with extremely high forces without relative movement.

Wenn vorteilhaft die vom Mitnahmebereich entfernten, d.h. radial außenliegenden Umlenkrollen ballig sind, läßt sich eine selbsttätige Mitteneinstellung der umlaufenden Endlosgurte erreichen. Gleichzeitig läßt sich zumindest eine dieser Rollen als Steuerrolle betreiben, beispielsweise manuell über einen Drehpunkt verstellen, und auch auf diese Weise der Lauf der Endlosgurte beeinflussen.If advantageous, those remote from the entrainment area, i.e. radially outer pulleys are spherical, an automatic center setting of the circumferential endless belts can be achieved. At the same time, at least one of these rollers can be operated as a control roller, for example manually adjusted via a pivot point, and also influence the running of the endless belts in this way.

Bie mit einer Profilierung versehenen Gurten läßt sich die Elastizität erhöhen, was insbesondere beim Bremsen oder Ziehen von Spaltbändern günstig ist. Die Profilierungen wirken außerdem dem in Naß-Prozessen häufig nicht zu verhindernden Aquaplaningeffekt entgegen, bzw. verhindern diesen. Ein von Endlosgurten umhüllte Kettensysteme aufweisendes Gerüst läßt sich außerdem als Abquetscheinheit einsetzen und kann z.B. in einer Beize die Aufgabe als Antriebs-, Steuer- und Abquetschaggregat erfüllen. Die vorbeschriebenen Effekte bzw. Vorteile lassen sich ebenfalls erreichen, wenn die dem Metallband zugewandten Seiten der Gurte mit einer elastischen, vorzugsweise profilierten, Beschichtung versehen sind. Mit beispielsweise einer Polyurethan- oder Gummi-Beschichtung, z.B. von etwa 30 mm Dicke, besteht im Zusammenspiel mit der Profilierung die Möglichkeit, ein gezieltes elastisches Verhalten zu erreichen, wie insbesondere beim Behandeln von Spaltbändern. Beim Ziehen oder Bremsen von heißen Bändern (beispielsweise mit einer Temperatur von 300°C) wirkt es sich außerordentlich günstig aus, daß die Endlosgurte nach dem Kontakt mit dem Metallband im Mitnahmebereich sogleich intensiv von beiden Seiten gekühlt werden können, so daß sich die hohe Gurttemperatur wirksam und in relativ kurzer Zeit zurückführen läßt.Bie provided with a profile, the elasticity can be increased, which is particularly advantageous when braking or pulling split strips. The profiles also counteract or prevent the aquaplaning effect that cannot often be prevented in wet processes. A scaffold comprising chain belts encased by endless belts can also be used as a squeezing unit and can be used, for example, in a pickling line as a drive, control and squeezing unit. The effects or advantages described above can also be achieved if the sides of the straps facing the metal strip are provided with an elastic, preferably profiled, coating. With, for example, a polyurethane or rubber coating, for example approximately 30 mm thick, in combination with the profiling, there is the possibility of achieving targeted elastic behavior, such as in particular when treating split strips. When pulling or braking hot strips (for example at a temperature of 300 ° C), it has an extremely favorable effect that the endless belts can be cooled intensively from both sides after contact with the metal strip in the driving area, so that the high belt temperature effective and can be returned in a relatively short time.

Der Gurt kann aus einem hitzebeständigen, einem wärmeleitfähigen oder einem geräuschdämpfenden Material oder einer Kombination dieser (und anderer Materialien) bestehen. Die Beschaffenheit und Eigenschaften des Gurtes, der vorzugsweise aus mehreren Materialschichten aufgebaut ist, lassen sich je nach Betriebsbedingungen und Einsatzzweck durch geeignete Materialwahl beliebig variieren. Mit Gurten aus einem asbest-ähnlichen, wärmebeständigen Material läßt sich eine Anpassung an heiße Metallbänder erreichen und ein Metallband mit hohen Temperaturen, z.B. bis 350°C, ohne weiteres ziehen oder bremsen.The belt may be made of a heat-resistant, a heat-conductive or a noise-absorbing material or a combination of these (and other materials). The nature and properties of the belt, which is preferably made up of several layers of material, can be varied as required by suitable material selection depending on the operating conditions and intended use. With belts made of an asbestos-like, heat-resistant material, adaptation to hot metal strips can be achieved and a metal strip with high temperatures, for example up to 350 ° C., can be easily pulled or braked.

Je nach Aufbau und Zusammensetzung des beispielsweise aus Metall, Metall-Legierungen, Gewebe, Polyurethan und Gummi bestehenden, ggf. mehrschichtigen Gurtes läßt sich z.B. eine Abkühlung des Metallbandes aufgrund eines Temperaturgefälles zwischen dem Metallband und dem Gurt erreichen; eine gezielte Kühlung des Metallbandes ist somit möglich. Die Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Band hängt von der Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Materials für den Gurt ab; besteht dieser z.B. aus einer Kupferlegierung, lassen sich Metallbänder mit Temperaturen bis beispielsweise 700°C metallurgisch beeinflussen. Beim Abkühlen eines sehr heißen Metallbandes mit hoher Abkühlgeschwindigkeit lassen sich nämlich bestimmte Gefügeausbildungen erreichen. Das erfindungsgemäße Gerüst zum Ziehen oder Bremsen von Metallbändern erlaubt es somit, Bandzug zu erzeugen, gleichzeitig Steuereffekte zu ermöglichen und metallurgischen Einfluß auf die Gefügeausbildung des Metallbandes zu nehmen.Depending on the structure and composition of the belt, which may consist of metal, metal alloys, fabric, polyurethane and rubber, for example, it may be multilayered, e.g. achieve cooling of the metal band due to a temperature gradient between the metal band and the belt; targeted cooling of the metal strip is therefore possible. The heat dissipation from the belt depends on the thermal conductivity of the material for the belt; e.g. Made of a copper alloy, metal strips with temperatures up to 700 ° C, for example, can be metallurgically influenced. When a very hot metal strip cools down at a high cooling rate, certain microstructures can be achieved. The scaffolding according to the invention for pulling or braking metal strips thus makes it possible to produce strip tension, at the same time to enable control effects and to exert metallurgical influence on the structure of the metal strip.

Um dem in dem erfindungsgemäßen Gerüst behandelten Metallband bei galvanischen Prozessen Strom zuführen oder das Metallband in einem Glühprozess schnell von Raumtemperatur auf eine gewünschte Temperatur erhitzen zu können, lassen sich die Gurte zur Stromübertragung ausbilden. Besitzen die Gurte beispielsweise eine Außenbeschichtung aus Kupfer, so ist es möglich, im Mitnahmebereich des Gerüstes in kürzester Zeit größere Wärmemengen auf das Metallband zu übertragen; dies wird dadurch begünstigt, daß aufgrund des von zwei Seiten erfaßten Metallbandes große Kontaktflächen und damit große Querschnitte sowie hohe Anpreßkräfte zur Verfügung stehen. Bei Gurten, die eine Gummischicht besitzen, läßt sich zugleich die notwendige Isolierung ohne weiteres erreichen.In order to be able to supply current to the metal strip treated in the scaffolding according to the invention in galvanic processes or to be able to heat the metal strip rapidly from room temperature to a desired temperature in an annealing process, the belts can be designed for the transmission of current. If, for example, the straps have an outer coating made of copper, it is possible to transfer larger amounts of heat to the metal strip in the driving area of the scaffolding in a very short time; This is favored by the fact that, due to the metal strip gripped from two sides, large contact surfaces and thus large cross sections and high contact forces are available. With belts that have a rubber layer, the necessary insulation can also be easily achieved.

Die aufgrund der Umhüllung bzw. zumindest Abschirmung der Kettensysteme ohnehin erreichte Geräuschminderung läßt sich weiter verbessern, wenn die Gurte aus einem geräuschdämpfenden Material, z.B. aus Gummi oder Gummi kombiniert mit einer Trägerschicht aus einem Textilgewebe, bestehen.The noise reduction achieved anyway due to the covering or at least shielding of the chain systems can be further improved if the belts are made of a noise-damping material, e.g. made of rubber or rubber combined with a backing layer made of a textile fabric.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten, im Rahmen der Erfindung bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels, bei dem beide Kettensysteme eines Gerüstes von Endlosgurten radial umhüllt sind, näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Bremsgerüst mit zwei gegenüberliegend angeordneten, von Endlosgurten radial umhüllten Kettensystemen in der Seitenansicht, schematisch dargestellt;
Fig. 2
als Einzelheit einander gegenüberliegende Rollenblöcke, im Mitnahmebereich des Bremsgerüstes dargestellt; und
Fig. 3
im Querschnitt einen aus mehreren Materialschichten bestehenden Endlosgurt.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing which is preferred within the scope of the invention and in which both chain systems of a stand are radially encased by endless belts. Show it:
Fig. 1
a side view of a brake scaffold with two oppositely arranged chain systems radially enveloped by endless belts, shown schematically;
Fig. 2
as a detail opposite roller blocks, shown in the driving area of the brake stand; and
Fig. 3
in cross section an endless belt consisting of several layers of material.

Das Brems- und Rückhaltegerüst 1 besteht aus zwei gegenüberliegend angeordneten Kettensystemen 2, 3, von denen sich das obere Kettensystem 2 gegen das untere Kettensystem 3 anstellen läßt. Die Ketten 2, 3 setzen sich aus einer Vielzahl miteinander gekoppelter, wagenartiger Rollenblöcke 4 zusammen, die sich über die gesamte Breite eines in Pfeilrichtung 5 einlaufenden Metallbandes 6 erstrecken and mit zumindest beidseitigen Stützrädern 7 auf einer bis auf den geraden Mitnahmebereich 8 kreisbogenförmigen Laufbahn 9 an diese legen. Die Laufbahn 9 wird in ihrem Mitnahmebereich 8, in dem die gegenüberliegenden Rollenblöcke 4 das Band 6 beidseitig erfassen und zwischen sich einspannen (vgl. Fig. 2), von geraden Leisten 10 mit ein- und auslaufseitigen Schrägen 11 gebildet. Die Ober- bzw. Mitnahmeflächen der Rollenblöcke 4 sind mit einer elastischen Beschichtung 12 versehen; sie besitzen eine der Kettenteilung entsprechende Breite und erstrecken sich innerhalb der von Achsen der Stützräder 7 zweier benachbarter, d.h. aufeinanderfolgender Blöcke 4 definierten Drehlagen (vgl. Fig. 2).The brake and restraint scaffold 1 consists of two oppositely arranged chain systems 2, 3, of which the upper chain system 2 can be adjusted against the lower chain system 3. The chains 2, 3 are composed of a large number of coupled, carriage-like roller blocks 4, which extend over the entire width of a metal strip 6 entering in the direction of the arrow 5 and with at least two support wheels 7 on a raceway 9 which is circular in shape except for the straight driving area 8 put this. The raceway 9 is formed in its driving area 8, in which the opposite roller blocks 4 grip the belt 6 on both sides and clamp between them (see FIG. 2), of straight strips 10 with bevels 11 on the inlet and outlet sides. The upper or driving surfaces of the roller blocks 4 are provided with an elastic coating 12; they have a width corresponding to the chain pitch and extend within the rotational positions defined by axes of the support wheels 7 of two adjacent, ie successive blocks 4 (cf. FIG. 2).

Wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt ist, wird jedes Kettensystem 2, 3 von einem Endlosgurt 13 radial umhüllt. Die Endlosgurte 13 werden über Umlenkrollen 14, 15, 16 und 17 geführt, von denen jeweils die ein- und auslaufseitig des Mitnahmebereichs 8 angeordneten Umlenkrollen 14 bzw. 17 zylindrisch sind. Hingegen sind die vom Mitnahmebereich 8 entfernten, d.h. jeweils radial außenliegenden Umlenkrollen 15, 16 ballig ausgebildet, was das mittige Führen und/oder Einstellen der Führung der Endlosgurte 13 begünstigt.As shown in Fig. 1, each chain system 2, 3 is radially enveloped by an endless belt 13. The endless belts 13 are guided over deflection rollers 14, 15, 16 and 17, of which the deflection rollers 14 and 17 arranged on the inlet and outlet side of the driving area 8 are cylindrical. On the other hand, those removed from the driving area 8, i.e. each have radially outer deflection rollers 15, 16 spherical, which favors the central guidance and / or adjustment of the guidance of the endless belts 13.

Der in Fig. 3 im Querschnitt dargestellte Endlosgurt 13 ist sandwichartig aufgebaut; er besteht aus drei Materialschichten 18, 19, 20, nämlich beispielsweise einer Trägerschicht 19 aus Textilgewebe, einer mit dem Metallband 6 (vgl. in Fig. 2 den unteren Endlosgurt) in Kontakt gelangenden Innenschicht 18 aus Metall und einer elastischen Außenschicht 20 aus Gummi oder Polyurethan. Dieser Aufbau stellt allerdings lediglich eine Auswahl von beliebigen, dem Einsatzzweck jeweils variabel anzupassenden und zu verändernden Materialschichten für einen sandwichartigen Endlosgurt dar.The endless belt 13 shown in cross section in FIG. 3 is constructed like a sandwich; it consists of three material layers 18, 19, 20, namely, for example, a backing layer 19 made of textile fabric, an inner layer 18 made of metal and an elastic outer layer 20 made of rubber or which comes into contact with the metal strip 6 (see the lower endless belt in FIG. 2) Polyurethane. However, this structure merely represents a selection of any material layers for a sandwich-like endless belt that can be variably adapted and modified for the intended use.

Claims (15)

  1. A stand for exerting a forward or backward drag upon metal strips (6) or sheets, in particular for a plurality of narrow strips which are to be wound up together with separate braking drags being applied to each strip, between two oppositely disposed, endlessly circulating chain conveyor systems (2, 3) driven by chain wheels, characterised in that a belt (13) is arranged between at least one of the chain systems (2 or 3) and the metal strip (6).
  2. A stand according to claim 1, characterised in that the belt is an endless belt (13) enveloping the respective chain system (2, 3) radially.
  3. A stand according to claim 2, characterised by pulleys (14 to 17) deflecting the endless belt (13).
  4. A stand according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterised in that at least one of the deflecting pulleys (14 to 17) is a tension pulley (16).
  5. A stand according to one or more of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the deflecting rollers (14, 17) arranged at the inlet and outlet ends of the entraining zone (8) are cylindrical.
  6. A stand according to one or more of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the deflecting rollers (15, 16) remote from the entraining zone (8) are barrelled.
  7. A stand according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the belt (13) is profiled.
  8. A stand according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the side of the belt (13) facing the metal strip (6) is provided with a layer of elastic material (18, 19, 20).
  9. A stand according to claim 8, characterised in that the layer of elastic material (18, 19, 20) is profiled.
  10. A stand according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the side of the belt (13) facing the metal strip (6) is provided with a layer of metallic material (18).
  11. A stand according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterised by a heat-resistant belt (13).
  12. A stand according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the belt (13) consists of heat conducting material.
  13. A stand according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the belt (13) is constructed of a plurality of layers of material (18, 19, 20).
  14. A stand according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the belt (13) consists of noise-damping material.
  15. A stand according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterised by a belt (13) constructed so as to transfer electric current to the metal strip (6).
EP90108503A 1989-05-19 1990-05-07 Stand for drawing and braking of strips Expired - Lifetime EP0398102B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90108503T ATE91648T1 (en) 1989-05-19 1990-05-07 FRAME FOR PULLING OR BRAKING TAPE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3916289 1989-05-19
DE3916289A DE3916289A1 (en) 1989-05-19 1989-05-19 SCAFFOLDING FOR TOWING OR BRAKING TAPES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0398102A1 EP0398102A1 (en) 1990-11-22
EP0398102B1 true EP0398102B1 (en) 1993-07-21

Family

ID=6380947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90108503A Expired - Lifetime EP0398102B1 (en) 1989-05-19 1990-05-07 Stand for drawing and braking of strips

Country Status (14)

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US (1) US5069427A (en)
EP (1) EP0398102B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0323145A (en)
KR (1) KR900018568A (en)
AT (1) ATE91648T1 (en)
AU (1) AU641648B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9002325A (en)
CA (1) CA2016767C (en)
DE (2) DE3916289A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2042135T3 (en)
FI (1) FI902459A0 (en)
MX (1) MX173022B (en)
PT (1) PT94071B (en)
TR (1) TR25370A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2651891B2 (en) * 1993-11-05 1997-09-10 株式会社日本開発コンサルタント Circular metal strip tension applying device
US6439883B1 (en) * 2000-04-11 2002-08-27 Ajax Magnethermic Corporation Threading and scale removal device
US6964392B1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2005-11-15 Matsunaga Douglas S Variable strip tensioner
CN101704029B (en) * 2009-11-18 2011-09-07 苏州奥智机电设备有限公司 Crawler type drawing machine
JP2023088719A (en) * 2021-12-15 2023-06-27 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Manufacturing device and manufacturing method for positive electrode active substance for lithium-ion secondary battery

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2806130A (en) * 1955-11-03 1957-09-10 Western Electric Co Strand annealing apparatus
US2894115A (en) * 1957-01-22 1959-07-07 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Method of and apparatus for progressively heating metal strip by the direct passage of an electric current therethrough
DE1205572B (en) * 1962-03-30 1965-11-25 Schloemann Ag Vacuum annealing tower with an annealing and a cooling section for continuous heat treatment of endless metal strips
US3792684A (en) * 1973-03-19 1974-02-19 Dolan T Treatment of continuous lengths of metal by electrical resistive heating
DE2421296A1 (en) * 1974-05-02 1975-11-13 Held Kg Adolf METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING CONTINUOUS LAMINATES
US4085922A (en) * 1975-06-06 1978-04-25 Trefimetaux Method and apparatus for continuously measuring the annealing level on wires or strips
US4116422A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-09-26 Essex Group, Inc. Wire annealing apparatus
US4372539A (en) * 1981-06-02 1983-02-08 Southwire Company Renewable, strand centering annealer sheave
DE3208158C3 (en) * 1982-03-06 1993-02-11 Norbert Umlauf Device for pulling or braking metal strips
AT383754B (en) * 1982-11-25 1987-08-25 Rosendahl Masch Gmbh Belt discharge for discharging strand-shaped bodies
AU546408B2 (en) * 1982-12-11 1985-08-29 Nippon Tsusho Co. Ltd. Conveyor belt
US4525175A (en) * 1983-05-31 1985-06-25 Texaco Inc. High turn down burner for partial oxidation of slurries of solid fuel
EP0195096B1 (en) * 1985-03-16 1988-07-27 Norbert Umlauf Device for feeding or braking metal strips

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2042135T3 (en) 1993-12-01
JPH0323145A (en) 1991-01-31
KR900018568A (en) 1990-12-21
PT94071B (en) 1996-12-31
EP0398102A1 (en) 1990-11-22
CA2016767A1 (en) 1990-11-19
TR25370A (en) 1993-03-01
DE59002007D1 (en) 1993-08-26
BR9002325A (en) 1991-08-06
ATE91648T1 (en) 1993-08-15
FI902459A0 (en) 1990-05-18
MX173022B (en) 1994-01-28
DE3916289A1 (en) 1990-11-22
AU641648B2 (en) 1993-09-30
PT94071A (en) 1992-03-31
CA2016767C (en) 2001-01-23
US5069427A (en) 1991-12-03
AU5502190A (en) 1990-11-22

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