EP0397603A1 - Ski safety binding with automatic release load controlse power - Google Patents

Ski safety binding with automatic release load controlse power

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Publication number
EP0397603A1
EP0397603A1 EP90810352A EP90810352A EP0397603A1 EP 0397603 A1 EP0397603 A1 EP 0397603A1 EP 90810352 A EP90810352 A EP 90810352A EP 90810352 A EP90810352 A EP 90810352A EP 0397603 A1 EP0397603 A1 EP 0397603A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ski
force
triggering
binding according
boot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90810352A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0397603B1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Freudiger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ingenieurbuero Flugwesen and Biomechanik IFB AG
Original Assignee
Ingenieurbuero Flugwesen and Biomechanik IFB AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH1783/89A external-priority patent/CH679213A5/en
Priority claimed from CH1784/89A external-priority patent/CH679744A5/en
Application filed by Ingenieurbuero Flugwesen and Biomechanik IFB AG filed Critical Ingenieurbuero Flugwesen and Biomechanik IFB AG
Priority to AT90810352T priority Critical patent/ATE90585T1/en
Publication of EP0397603A1 publication Critical patent/EP0397603A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0397603B1 publication Critical patent/EP0397603B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/088—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with electronically controlled locking devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/081—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with swivel sole-plate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/084—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/0841—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a single jaw
    • A63C9/0842—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a single jaw the jaw pivoting on the body or base about a transverse axis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/084—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/0845—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable the body or base or a jaw pivoting about a vertical axis, i.e. side release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/084—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with heel hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/0846—Details of the release or step-in mechanism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08535—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a mobile body or base or single jaw
    • A63C9/08542—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a mobile body or base or single jaw pivoting about a transversal axis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08535—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a mobile body or base or single jaw
    • A63C9/0855—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a mobile body or base or single jaw pivoting about a vertical axis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08557—Details of the release mechanism

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety ski binding with automatic triggering force control, which is able to distinguish between pure torsion and lateral force torsion and to control the opening characteristics accordingly.
  • the prior art does not make this distinction, as will be explained in the following using some examples.
  • the patent DE 2324078 does not distinguish the point at which the interference force acts and therefore has the disadvantage that it cannot distinguish pure torsion from transverse force torsion.
  • the patent US-4,192,527 sets itself the task of increasing the resistance to lateral forces and reducing the resistance to a pure moment. This patent neglects the fact that pure torsion practically does not occur as an external load and furthermore has the disadvantage that even small lateral forces at a sufficiently large distance can lead to large torsional moments, for which there is great resistance with regard to the lateral force and with regard to the torsional moment provides little resistance, which is clearly a contradiction.
  • a skier can only generate torques (M z ) in the xy plane (FIG. 1) (FIG. 2).
  • the skier can use the ski pole to generate lateral forces (y direction), but their magnitude can be neglected for the present consideration.
  • the loads caused by a fall are forces that act on the skier from the ski via binding, after which pure torques (torsion) can practically not occur. Rather, fall loads are mostly individual forces that attack somewhere on the ski. If these forces act sufficiently far away from the ski boot in the y direction, they also generate torsion, but always in combination with a transverse force (Fig. 3).
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a ski binding that is able to distinguish pure torsional load around the z-axis (active driving load) from lateral force torsion along the y- or around the z-axis (passive fall load).
  • Another task is that in addition the release torque (-M y ) of the ski binding corresponding to the simultaneous presence of a longitudinal force (P x ) is controlled.
  • the solution to this problem is characterized according to the invention in that the front and rear jaws of the ski binding are connected to one another by a control element, such that the control element can determine at any time whether a specific load case represents pure torsion or transverse force torsion and can control the release force accordingly.
  • the invention accordingly relates to the ski binding defined in claim 1.
  • 1 shows the definition of the ski-fixed (1) orthogonal coordinate system in which the positive x-axis points forward in the ski direction, the positive y-axis to the side and the positive z-axis upwards.
  • 3a shows the typical reaction at the location of the safety ski binding when an individual force (Q) acts on the ski tip, for example laterally (y direction).
  • said reaction consisting of a torsional moment M z and a transverse force Q, is divided into the reaction forces acting on the front (Pv) and rear (P h ) jaws.
  • FIG. 2 shows that in the case of the external torsional moment (FIG. 2) the reactions P v and P h are of the same size and that in the case of the external transverse force (FIG. 3b) the reactions Pv and Ph are of different sizes.
  • Fig. 4 shows a front safety jaw (2) with the pivot point (2a) and a cam (2b) for taking the control member (5).
  • this lateral deflection (e) is used to shift (s) a transmission member (6), so that, according to FIG. 7, the pretension in the front spring (7a) increases and decreases in the rear spring (7b) becomes.
  • the transmission element (6) is deflected with the aid of rollers (8).
  • the transmission member (6) is divided into a point (9) and guided twice (Fig. 8).
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b show how a moment -M y can be generated by the skier, for example with a reserve, without the simultaneous presence of a longitudinal force (active driving load) at which the binding should not open (avoidance of early opening). With increasing slope inclination, longitudinal force components also occur, but their size is negligible and therefore not shown here.
  • 11a and 11b show the ski boot in the ski binding without an external load.
  • the springs (15, 16) are biased and mutually balanced. If a longitudinal force now acts on the ski from behind (P x ), the ski boot (12) moves ( ⁇ ) backwards (-x), whereby the spring (16) of the rear jaw (14) loads and the spring (15) the front jaw (13) is relieved, which triggers the moment for a moment -M y earlier, ie the triggering force is reduced.
  • Fig. 12 shows the front jaw in the open state after triggering due to a moment -M y .
  • a simultaneous deflection of the front and rear jaws has the advantage that the total angle of rotation between the ski boot and the ski is increased, which can increase the time between the occurrence of the load and the release limit being reached, which in terms of reflex times (proprioceptivity) of the skier is of great advantage.
  • the special embodiment defined in claim 5 also has the effect that the lower extremity of the skier is also protected in the event of a forward fall. If the skier picks up with his ski tip, the resulting longitudinal force from the front (-P x ) reduces the triggering moment (M y ) on the rear cheek and thus makes it easier for the skier to be released towards the front.
  • Holding the ski boot (12) with a spring element (15, 16) attached to the rear and front of the sole (12a) also has the advantage of elasticity of the ski can only be influenced slightly in the event of strong deflection.
  • the wings (13a, 14a) of the front and rear jaws (13, 14) can also be mounted on the piston (15a, 16a) and thereby moved will.
  • the partial task can also be solved with a rear jaw of known type, if this is pushed from the front (-P x ) to the rear (-x) with a force acting on it.
  • the displaceability of the ski shoe sole (12a) can be controlled in such a way that with and without longitudinal forces there are different contact points of the ski shoe sole on the toe piece (Fig. 13).
  • Such a front jaw (17) according to FIG. 13 can of course also be combined with a rear jaw (16) according to FIG. 11.
  • the task can also be solved electronically.
  • Electronic bonds generally have force transducers on the front and rear jaws in the directions of interest, so that it can be assumed that for the forces P v and P h , P x and -P x as well as for the moments M y and -M y Sensors are available.
  • the reduction factor K can be determined as follows: If P v > P h , K ⁇ P v / P h and if P v ⁇ P h , K ⁇ P h / P v .

Landscapes

  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

At the front and at the rear the ski binding has in each case a jaw which can be swivelled at least about the z-axis. The two jaws are connected to a control member (5). With known elasticity of the two jaws, the control member can establish on the basis of its movement (rotation/translation) whether the external loading is pure torsion (rotation only) or transverse force torsion (rotation with translation). If transverse force torsion is present, the resultant translation (e) of the control member (5) displaces a transmission member in such a way that the release force is controlled. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Si­cherheitsskibindung mit automatischer Auslösekraftsteu­erung, welche in der Lage ist, reine Torsion von Quer­krafttorsion zu unterscheiden und die Öffnungscharak­teristik entsprechend zu steuern.The present invention relates to a safety ski binding with automatic triggering force control, which is able to distinguish between pure torsion and lateral force torsion and to control the opening characteristics accordingly.

Der Stand der Technik macht diese Unterschei­dung nicht, wie anhand einiger Beispiele im Folgenden erläutert wird. Das Patent DE 2324078 unterscheidet die Stelle an der die Störkraft angreift nicht und weist da­durch den Nachteil auf, dass es reine Torsion von Quer­krafttorsion nicht unterscheiden kann. Das Patent US-­4,192,527 stellt sich die Aufgabe, den Widerstand gegen Seitenkräfte zu erhöhen und den Widerstand gegen ein reines Moment zu verkleinern. Dieses Patent vernachläs­sigt den Umstand, dass reine Torsion als äussere Bela­stung praktisch nicht auftritt und weist ferner den Nachteil auf, dass auch kleine Seitenkräfte in genügend grossem Abstand zu grossen Torsionsmomenten führen kön­nen, für welche es bezüglich der Seitenkraft einen gros­sen Widerstand und bezüglich des Torsionsmomentes einen kleinen Widerstand vorsieht, was eindeutig einen Wider­spruch darstellt. Die Patente FR-2.228.507 und CH-­16404-73 gehen noch weiter und verfolgen die Aufgabe, dass die Skibindung bei Seitenkräften möglichst zubleibt und nur bei Kräftepaaren respektive Torsionskräften öff­net. Diese Bindungen weisen den Nachteil auf, dass sie nur Seitenkräfte und reine Torsion kennen und den Fall der Querkrafttorsion, nämlich eine in einem gewissen Abstand wirkende Seitenkraft und dadurch im Bereiche des Schuhes entstehende Torsion nicht berücksichtigen.The prior art does not make this distinction, as will be explained in the following using some examples. The patent DE 2324078 does not distinguish the point at which the interference force acts and therefore has the disadvantage that it cannot distinguish pure torsion from transverse force torsion. The patent US-4,192,527 sets itself the task of increasing the resistance to lateral forces and reducing the resistance to a pure moment. This patent neglects the fact that pure torsion practically does not occur as an external load and furthermore has the disadvantage that even small lateral forces at a sufficiently large distance can lead to large torsional moments, for which there is great resistance with regard to the lateral force and with regard to the torsional moment provides little resistance, which is clearly a contradiction. The patents FR-2.228.507 and CH-16404-73 go even further and pursue the task that the ski binding remains as possible with lateral forces and only opens with pairs of forces or torsional forces. These bindings have the disadvantage that they only know lateral forces and pure torsion and the case of transverse force torsion, namely a lateral force acting at a certain distance and therefore in the area of the Do not take into account the resulting torsion.

Theoretisch ist es zwar nicht möglich zu unterscheiden, ob die Kraft auf eine Skibindung vom Skischuh oder vom Ski herrührt, da das Prinzip von NEWTON (Aktion = Reaktion) nicht verletzt werden darf. Doch in der Praxis lassen sich die Lasten auf eine Ski­bindung wie sie der Skifahrer erzeugen kann (aktiv) von den Lasten auf eine Skibindung, wie sie in einem Sturz auftreten (passiv) unterscheiden.In theory, it is not possible to differentiate whether the force on a ski binding comes from the ski boot or from the ski, since the principle of NEWTON (action = reaction) must not be violated. In practice, however, the loads on a ski binding that the skier can create (active) can be differentiated from the loads on a ski binding that occur in a fall (passive).

Hierfür wird angenommen, dass ein Skifahrer in der x-y-Ebene (Fig. 1) grundsätzlich nur Drehmomente (Mz) erzeugen kann (Fig. 2). Zwar kann der Skifahrer zum Beispiel mit Hilfe des Skistockes Seitenkräfte (y-Rich­tung) erzeugen, doch kann deren Grössenordnung für die vorliegende Betrachtung vernachlässigt werden. Anderer­seits handelt es sich bei den Belastungen infolge eines Sturzes um Kräfte, die vom Ski via Bindung auf den Ski­fahrer wirken, wonach reine Drehmomente (Torsion) prak­tisch nicht auftreten können. Vielmehr handelt es sich bei Sturzbelastungen meistens um Einzelkräfte, welche irgendwo am Ski angreifen. Greifen diese Kräfte in der y-Richtung genügend weit weg vom Skischuh an, so erzeu­gen diese ebenfalls Torsion, aber immer in Kombination mit einer Querkraft (Fig. 3).For this it is assumed that a skier can only generate torques (M z ) in the xy plane (FIG. 1) (FIG. 2). For example, the skier can use the ski pole to generate lateral forces (y direction), but their magnitude can be neglected for the present consideration. On the other hand, the loads caused by a fall are forces that act on the skier from the ski via binding, after which pure torques (torsion) can practically not occur. Rather, fall loads are mostly individual forces that attack somewhere on the ski. If these forces act sufficiently far away from the ski boot in the y direction, they also generate torsion, but always in combination with a transverse force (Fig. 3).

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Skibindung zur Verfügung zu stellen, die imstande ist, reine Torsionsbelastung um die z-Achse (aktive Fahrbelastung) von Querkrafttorsion entlang der y- beziehungsweise um die z-Achse (passive Sturzbela­stung) zu unterscheiden.The present invention has for its object to provide a ski binding that is able to distinguish pure torsional load around the z-axis (active driving load) from lateral force torsion along the y- or around the z-axis (passive fall load).

Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin, dass zu­sätzlich das Auslösemoment (-My) der Skibindung entspre­chend des gleichzeitigen Vorhandenseins einer Längskraft (Px) gesteuert wird.Another task is that in addition the release torque (-M y ) of the ski binding corresponding to the simultaneous presence of a longitudinal force (P x ) is controlled.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe zeichnet sich er­findungsgemäss dadurch aus, dass der vordere und hintere Backen der Skibindung mit einem Steuerorgan miteinander verbunden sind, derart, dass das Steuerorgan jederzeit feststellen kann, ob ein bestimmter Lastfall reine Tor­sion oder Querkrafttorsion darstellt und die Auslöse­kraft entsprechend steuern kann.The solution to this problem is characterized according to the invention in that the front and rear jaws of the ski binding are connected to one another by a control element, such that the control element can determine at any time whether a specific load case represents pure torsion or transverse force torsion and can control the release force accordingly.

Da Translationskräfte an der Tibia nach vorne eine Gefährdung des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB) (vordere Schublade) darstellen, kann das VKB, allein durch Be­grenzung des zulässigen Momentes (-My) nicht geschützt werden, denn das Knie kann, im Sinne aktiver Fahrbela­stung (Fig. 9a und b), beträchtliche Momente um die y-­Achse (Fig. 1) auch ohne Gefährdnung des VKB übertragen, weshalb die Auslösung durch das Vorhandensein einer Längskraft (Px) gesteuert werden muss. Solche Längskräf­te können zum Beispiel passiv bei einem Sturz mit Lan­dung auf dem Skiende (Fig. 10a bis c) entstehen.As translational forces on the tibia forward pose a risk to the anterior cruciate ligament (VKB) (front drawer), the VKB cannot be protected simply by limiting the permissible torque (-M y ), because the knee can, in the sense of active driving load ( Fig. 9a and b), considerable moments about the y-axis (Fig. 1) without endangering the VKB, which is why the triggering must be controlled by the presence of a longitudinal force (P x ). Such longitudinal forces can, for example, arise passively in the event of a fall with a landing on the end of the ski (FIGS. 10 a to c).

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist demzufolge die im Patentanspruch 1 definierte Skibindung.The invention accordingly relates to the ski binding defined in claim 1.

Im Folgenden wird anhand von Zeichnungen ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgegenstandes näher erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch:

  • Fig. 1 das Koordinatensystem,
  • Fig. 2, 3a und 3b die Kräfte und Reaktionen am Ski,
  • Fig. 4 und 5 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ersten Steuerorgans,
  • Fig. 6, 7 und 8 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Übertra­gungsgliedes mit einem Auslösemechanismus,
  • Fig. 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b und 10c die Kräfte und Reaktionen am Ski,
  • Fig. 11a und 11b ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Federele­ment-Sohlen-Kombination,
  • Fig. 12 einen Vorderbacken in ausgelöster Stellung und
  • Fig. 13 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Vorder­backens.
An exemplary embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. They show schematically:
  • 1 shows the coordinate system,
  • 2, 3a and 3b, the forces and reactions on the ski,
  • 4 and 5 an embodiment of a first control member,
  • 6, 7 and 8 an embodiment of a transmission member with a trigger mechanism,
  • 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b and 10c the forces and reactions on the ski,
  • 11a and 11b an embodiment of a spring element-sole combination,
  • Fig. 12 shows a toe in the released position and
  • Fig. 13 shows another embodiment of a toe.

Fig. 1 zeigt die Definition des skifesten (1) orthogonalen Koordinatensystems, in welchem die positive x-Achse in Skirichtung nach vorne, die positive y-Achse zur Seite und die positive z-Achse nach oben zeigen.1 shows the definition of the ski-fixed (1) orthogonal coordinate system in which the positive x-axis points forward in the ski direction, the positive y-axis to the side and the positive z-axis upwards.

Fig. 2 zeigt typische Reaktionen am Ort eines vorderen (Pv) und hinteren (Ph) Backens einer Sicher­heitsskibindung, wenn vom Skifahrer ein Torsionsmoment (Mz) aufgebracht wird.2 shows typical reactions at the location of a front (P v ) and rear (P h ) jaws of a safety ski binding when a torsional moment (M z ) is applied by the skier.

Fig. 3a zeigt die typische Reaktion am Ort der Sicherheitsskibindung wenn eine Einzelkraft (Q) zum Beispiel am Skispitz seitlich (y-Richtung) angreift. In Fig. 3b ist die besagte Reaktion, bestehend aus einem Torsionsmoment Mz und einer Querkraft Q, in die am vor­deren (Pv) und hinteren (Ph) Backen wirkenden Reaktions­kräfte aufgeteilt. Aus diesen Skizzen geht hervor, dass im Falle des äusseren Torsionsmomentes (Fig. 2) die Re­aktionen Pv und Ph gleich gross sind und dass im Falle der äusseren Querkraft (Fig. 3b) die Reaktionen Pv und Ph unterschiedlich gross sind.3a shows the typical reaction at the location of the safety ski binding when an individual force (Q) acts on the ski tip, for example laterally (y direction). 3b, said reaction, consisting of a torsional moment M z and a transverse force Q, is divided into the reaction forces acting on the front (Pv) and rear (P h ) jaws. These sketches show that in the case of the external torsional moment (FIG. 2) the reactions P v and P h are of the same size and that in the case of the external transverse force (FIG. 3b) the reactions Pv and Ph are of different sizes.

Fig. 4 zeigt einen vorderen Sicherheitsbacken (2) mit dem Drehpunkt (2a) und einem Nocken (2b) zum Mitnehmen des Steuerorgans (5). Entsprechend stellt sich der hintere Sicherheitsbacken (3) mit Drehpunkt (3a) und Nocken (3b) dar. Weisen die beiden Backen gleiche Elastizitäten auf, das heisst, unterliegen sie bei gleichen Kräften (P) gleichen Auslenkungen (δ₂ = δ₃), so verbleibt der Mittelpunkt (4) des Steuerorgans (5) bei reiner Torsionsbelastung auf der Skiachse.Fig. 4 shows a front safety jaw (2) with the pivot point (2a) and a cam (2b) for taking the control member (5). Correspondingly, the rear safety jaw (3) with pivot point (3a) and cam (3b) is shown. If the two jaws have the same elasticities, that is, they are subject to the same deflections (δ₂ = δ₃) with the same forces (P), so remains the center point (4) of the control member (5) with pure torsional loading on the ski axis.

Handelt es sich hingegen um Querkrafttorsion (Fig. 5), so sind die Auslenkungen infolge ungleichen Kräften (P) nicht mehr gleich (δ₂ ≠ δ₃) und es entsteht zwischen dem Mittelpunkt (4) des Steuerorgans (5) und der Skiachse eine seitliche Auslenkung (e).On the other hand, if the torsion is torsional (Fig. 5), the deflections are unequal as a result Forces (P) no longer equal (δ₂ ≠ δ₃) and there is a lateral deflection (e) between the center point (4) of the control member (5) and the ski axis.

Gemäss Fig. 6 wird diese seitliche Auslenkung (e) dazu benützt, ein Übertragungsglied (6) zu verschie­ben (s), so dass gemäss Fig. 7 die Vorspannung in der vorderen Feder (7a) erhöht und in der hinteren Feder (7b) vermindert wird. Hierzu wird das Übertragungsglied (6) mit Hilfe von Rollen (8) umgelenkt. Für einen gleichmässigen Zug am Federteller (10) wird das Übertra­gungsglied (6) in einem Punkt (9) geteilt und doppelt geführt (Fig. 8).6, this lateral deflection (e) is used to shift (s) a transmission member (6), so that, according to FIG. 7, the pretension in the front spring (7a) increases and decreases in the rear spring (7b) becomes. For this purpose, the transmission element (6) is deflected with the aid of rollers (8). For a uniform pull on the spring plate (10), the transmission member (6) is divided into a point (9) and guided twice (Fig. 8).

Fig. 9a und 9b zeigen, wie ein Moment -My vom Skifahrer zum Beispiel mit Rücklage erzeugt werden kann, ohne gleichzeitiges Vorhandensein einer Längskraft (ak­tive Fahrbelastung), bei welchem die Bindung nicht öff­nen soll (Vermeidung von Frühöffnung). Mit zunehmender Hangneigung entstehen zwar auch Längskraftkomponenten, welche aber von ihrer Grössenordnung her vernachlässig­bar sind und deshalb hier nicht eingezeichnet wurden.9a and 9b show how a moment -M y can be generated by the skier, for example with a reserve, without the simultaneous presence of a longitudinal force (active driving load) at which the binding should not open (avoidance of early opening). With increasing slope inclination, longitudinal force components also occur, but their size is negligible and therefore not shown here.

Fig. 10a bis 10c zeigen, was passieren kann, wenn ein Skifahrer bei einem Sturz (Zustand von Un­gleichgewicht) auf dem Skiende landet (passive Sturzbe­lastung). Je nach Reibungsverhältnissen und formschlüs­sigem Widerstand entsteht am Skiende eine von der Hang­senkrechten mehr oder weniger abgeneigte Kraft, welche im skifesten Bezugssystem in eine Längs- (Px) und eine Vertikalkraft (Pz) zerlegt werden kann. Diese Längskraft (Px) erzeugt am Knie eine Translationskraft (-Px), wel­che zum Beispiel für das vordere Kreuzband (VKB) gefähr­dend sein kann (Fig. 10b).10a to 10c show what can happen if a skier lands on the end of the ski in the event of a fall (state of imbalance) (passive fall load). Depending on the friction conditions and form-fitting resistance, a force that is more or less opposed to the vertical slope arises at the end of the ski, which can be broken down into a longitudinal (P x ) and a vertical force (P z ) in the ski-fixed reference system. This longitudinal force (P x ) generates a translational force (-P x ) on the knee, which can be dangerous for the anterior cruciate ligament (VKB), for example (Fig. 10b).

Fig. 11a und 11b zeigen den Skischuh in der Skibindung ohne äussere Belastung. Die Federn (15, 16) sind vorgespannt und befinden sich gegenseitig im Gleichgewicht. Wirkt nun eine Längskraft von hinten (Px) auf den Ski, verschiebt (δ) sich der Skischuh (12) nach hinten (-x), wodurch die Feder (16) des hinteren Backens (14) belastet und die Feder (15) des vorderen Backens (13) entlastet wird, womit die Auslösung für ein Moment -My früher erfolgt, d.h. die Auslösekraft vermindert wird.11a and 11b show the ski boot in the ski binding without an external load. The springs (15, 16) are biased and mutually balanced. If a longitudinal force now acts on the ski from behind (P x ), the ski boot (12) moves (δ) backwards (-x), whereby the spring (16) of the rear jaw (14) loads and the spring (15) the front jaw (13) is relieved, which triggers the moment for a moment -M y earlier, ie the triggering force is reduced.

Fig. 12 zeigt den Vorderbacken in geöffnetem Zustand nach Auslösung infolge eines Momentes -My.Fig. 12 shows the front jaw in the open state after triggering due to a moment -M y .

Für die mechanische Lösung der allgemeinen Aufgabe ist eine gewisse Auslenkung in seitlicher Rich­tung erforderlich, und zwar sowohl am vorderen wie auch am hinteren Backen, um je nach Federkonstante die wir­kende Kraft zu ermitteln. Ein gleichzeitiges Auslenken des vorderen und hinteren Backens hat dabei den Vorteil, dass der totale Verdrehwinkel zwischen dem Skischuh und dem Ski vergrössert wird, womit die Zeit zwischen dem Eintreten der Belastung bis zum Erreichen der Auslöse­grenze erhöht werden kann, was hinsichtlich der Reflex­zeiten (Propriozeptivität) des Skifahrers von grossem Vorteil ist.For the mechanical solution of the general task, a certain deflection in the lateral direction is required, both on the front and on the rear jaw, in order to determine the acting force depending on the spring constant. A simultaneous deflection of the front and rear jaws has the advantage that the total angle of rotation between the ski boot and the ski is increased, which can increase the time between the occurrence of the load and the release limit being reached, which in terms of reflex times (proprioceptivity) of the skier is of great advantage.

Die im Anspruch 5 definierte spezielle Aus­führungsform bewirkt nebst dem Schutz des VKB bei einem Rückwärtssturz auch, dass zusätzlich die untere Extremi­tät des Skifahrers bei einem Vorwärtssturz geschützt wird. Steckt der Skifahrer mit seinem Skispitz ein, so vermindert die entstehende Längskraft von vorne (-Px) das Auslösemoment (My) am hinteren Backen und erleich­tert dadurch das Freiwerden des Skifahrers nach vorne.In addition to protecting the VKB in the event of a backward fall, the special embodiment defined in claim 5 also has the effect that the lower extremity of the skier is also protected in the event of a forward fall. If the skier picks up with his ski tip, the resulting longitudinal force from the front (-P x ) reduces the triggering moment (M y ) on the rear cheek and thus makes it easier for the skier to be released towards the front.

Das Halten des Skischuhs (12) mit je einem hinten und vorne an der Sohle (12a) angebrachten Feder­element (15, 16) hat ferner den Vorteil, die Elastizität des Skis bei starker Durchbiegung nur geringfügig zu beeinflussen.Holding the ski boot (12) with a spring element (15, 16) attached to the rear and front of the sole (12a) also has the advantage of elasticity of the ski can only be influenced slightly in the event of strong deflection.

Zur Vermeidung möglicher Probleme (ungenügen­de Länge) bei der Verwendung von Norm-Sohlen (12), kön­nen die Flügel (13a, 14a) der Vorder- und Hinterbacken (13, 14) auch auf den Kolben (15a, 16a) montiert und da­durch mitbewegt werden.To avoid possible problems (insufficient length) when using standard soles (12), the wings (13a, 14a) of the front and rear jaws (13, 14) can also be mounted on the piston (15a, 16a) and thereby moved will.

Die Teilaufgabe kann auch mit einem hinteren Backen bekannter Art gelöst werden, wenn dieser bei ei­ner auf ihn wirkenden Kraft von vorne (-Px) nach hinten (-x) geschoben wird. Nach Abstimmung der Federkonstante in Längsrichtung bezüglich des Vorderbackens (17) kann die Verschiebbarkeit der Skischuhsohle (12a) derart ge­steuert werden, dass mit und ohne Längskräfte verschie­dene Auflagepunkte der Skischuhsohle auf den Vorder­backen bestehen (Fig. 13). Ein Verschieben der Skischuh­sohle (12a) nach hinten (Δ1) vergrössert in der Folge den Hebelarm (1₂ > 1₁) am Vorderbacken (17) um die Drehachse (y) derart, dass zur Erzielung des gleichen Auslösemomentes (My) eine kleinere Aufwärtskraft (Pz) ausreicht, was der gewünschten Verminderung des Auslöse­momentes gleich kommt.The partial task can also be solved with a rear jaw of known type, if this is pushed from the front (-P x ) to the rear (-x) with a force acting on it. After adjusting the spring constant in the longitudinal direction with respect to the toe (17), the displaceability of the ski shoe sole (12a) can be controlled in such a way that with and without longitudinal forces there are different contact points of the ski shoe sole on the toe piece (Fig. 13). Moving the sole of the ski boot (12a) backwards (Δ1) subsequently increases the lever arm (1₂> 1₁) on the toe piece (17) about the axis of rotation (y) in such a way that a smaller upward force (M y ) is achieved to achieve the same release torque (M y ) P z ) is sufficient, which equals the desired reduction in the triggering torque.

Ein solcher Vorderbacken (17) nach Fig. 13 kann selbstverständlich auch mit einem Hinterbacken (16) nach Fig. 11 kombiniert werden.Such a front jaw (17) according to FIG. 13 can of course also be combined with a rear jaw (16) according to FIG. 11.

Nebst der Lösung mit einem mechanischen Steu­erorgan, kann die Aufgabe auch elektronisch gelöst wer­den. Elektronische Bindungen besitzen im allgemeinen Kraftaufnehmer an vorderen und hinteren Backen in die interessierenden Richtungen, so dass davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass für die Kräfte Pv und Ph, Px und -Px sowie für die Momente My und -My entsprechende Aufnehmer vorhanden sind. Der zur Auslösung für die allgemeine Aufgabe (Fig. 2 und 3) verantwortliche Prozessor wird wie folgt programmiert:
Bei Pv = Ph bleibt die Auslösekraft unverändert. Bei Pv = Ph wird die Auslösekraft vermindert. Der Verminde­rungsfaktor K kann hierbei wie folgt bestimmt werden:
Bei Pv > Ph ist K≈ Pv/Ph und bei Pv < Ph ist K≈ Ph/Pv.In addition to the solution with a mechanical control unit, the task can also be solved electronically. Electronic bonds generally have force transducers on the front and rear jaws in the directions of interest, so that it can be assumed that for the forces P v and P h , P x and -P x as well as for the moments M y and -M y Sensors are available. The one to trigger for the general Task (Fig. 2 and 3) responsible processor is programmed as follows:
With P v = P h the release force remains unchanged. With P v = P h the release force is reduced. The reduction factor K can be determined as follows:
If P v > P h , K≈P v / P h and if P v <P h , K≈P h / P v .

Der zur Auslösung für die Teilaufgabe (Fig. 9 und 10) verantwortliche Prozessor wird wie folgt pro­grammiert: Bei Px = 0 oder -Px = 0 (oder sehr klein) bleibt das Auslösemoment (My, -My) unverändert. Wird Px oder -Px gross, so wird das Auslösemoment (My, -My) vermindert.The processor responsible for triggering the subtask (FIGS. 9 and 10) is programmed as follows: With P x = 0 or -P x = 0 (or very small), the triggering torque (M y , -M y ) remains unchanged. If P x or -P x becomes large, the triggering moment (M y , -M y ) is reduced.

Claims (10)

1. Skibindung enthaltend zwei mindestens um je eine Achse senkrecht zur Skieebene (z) zur Auslösung schwenkbare Sicherheitsbacken (2,3), für die auslösbare Verbindung mit einem Skischuh oder eine den Skischuh tra­gende Platte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Backen mit einem ersten Steuerorgan (5) zur Erfassung der seitlichen Auslenkung miteinander verbunden sind, wobei zwischen dem Steuerorgan (5) und einem Backen ein Ueber­tragungsglied (6) zur Steuerung der Auslösekraft des Backens angeordnet ist.1. Ski binding comprising two safety jaws (2, 3) that can be pivoted at least about an axis perpendicular to the ski plane (z) for triggering, for the releasable connection with a ski boot or a plate that carries the ski boot, characterized in that the two jaws have a first Control element (5) for detecting the lateral deflection are connected to one another, a transmission member (6) for controlling the triggering force of the jaw being arranged between the control element (5) and a jaw. 2. Skibindung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass das erste Steuerorgan (5) ein mecha­nisches Steuerorgan, wie ein Gestänge oder eine Platte ist.2. Ski binding according to claim 1, characterized in that the first control member (5) is a mechanical control member, such as a linkage or a plate. 3. Skibindung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass das Übertragungsglied (6) ein mecha­nisches Uebertragungsglied, wie ein Seil oder ein Gestänge ist.3. Ski binding according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission member (6) is a mechanical transmission member, such as a rope or a linkage. 4. Skibindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Übertragungsglied (6) mit dem Auslösemechanismus des vorderen und/oder hinteren Backens verbunden ist, welche auf solche Weise zusammen­wirken, dass die Auslösekraft zur Freigabe des Skischuhs beim Vorliegen einer Querkrafttorsion vermindert wird.4. Ski binding according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the transmission member (6) is connected to the release mechanism of the front and / or rear jaw, which cooperate in such a way that the release force for releasing the ski boot when a transverse force torsion is present is reduced. 5. Skibindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Backen (13, 14) zusätz­lich um mindestens eine Achse (y) in der Skiebene und senkrecht zur Skilängsachse zur Auslösung schwenkbar sind, wobei je ein Federelement (15, 16) im vorderen und hinte­ren Backen angeordnet ist, welche dazu bestimmt sind den Skischuh (2) in Skilängsrichtung (x) durch eine gleiche Federkraft von vorn und hinten fest zu halten, wobei die Federelemente durch ein zweites Steuerorgan verbunden sind, derart, dass wenn beim Auftreten einer Längskraft in Skirichtung (Px) auf den Skischuh die Federkräfte, die vorn und hinten auf den Skischuh ausgeübt werden, ver­schieden werden, die Auslösekraft, die am vorderen und/­oder hinteren Backen für ein Auslösemoment (My) um die Achse (y) in der Skiebene und senkrecht zur Skilängsachse auf den Skischuh ausgeübt wird, in Abhängigkeit vom Unter­schied der beiden Federkräfte gesteuert wird.5. Ski binding according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the jaws (13, 14) additionally about at least one axis (y) in the ski plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ski for triggering, a spring element (15, 16) being arranged in the front and rear jaws, which are intended to hold the ski boot (2) in the longitudinal direction (x) of the ski by the same spring force from the front and rear , wherein the spring elements are connected by a second control element, such that when a longitudinal force in the ski direction (Px) occurs on the ski boot, the spring forces exerted on the ski boot at the front and rear differ, the triggering force acting on the front and / or the rear jaw is exerted on the ski boot for a triggering moment (My) about the axis (y) in the ski plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ski, depending on the difference between the two spring forces. 6. Skibindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die ganze Bindung in­nerhalb des Skischuhsohlengrundrisses befindet.6. Ski binding according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the entire binding is within the sole of the ski boot. 7. Skibindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die ganze Bindung aus­serhalb des Skischuhsohlengrundrisses befindet.7. Ski binding according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the entire binding is located outside the sole of the ski boot. 8. Skibindung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 - 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Steuerorgan derart ausgebildet ist, dass es eine Verminderung des Auslösemo­mentes (-My) am vorderen Backen bewirkt, wenn auf den Ski eine Längskraft in Skirichtung nach vorne (Px) ausgeübt wird.8. Ski binding according to one of claims 5-7, characterized in that the second control member is designed such that it causes a reduction in the triggering torque (-My) on the front jaw when a longitudinal force in the ski direction to the front (Px) is exercised. 9. Skibindung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie für die Erfassung der Seitenkräfte oder deren Auslenkung und/oder von Längs­ kräften mindestens einen Sensor und für die Steuerung der Auslösung mindestens einen Aktuator aufweist, wobei als Steuerorgane und/oder Uebertragungsglieder zwischen Sensoren und Aktuatoren elektronische Uebertragungsmittel für die Uebertragung der Signale vorhanden sind.9. Ski binding according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that it for the detection of the lateral forces or their deflection and / or longitudinal forces at least one sensor and for controlling the triggering at least one actuator, electronic control means for transmitting the signals being present as control elements and / or transmission elements between sensors and actuators. 10. Skibindung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 - 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Steuerorgan eine für den Skischuh bestimmte Tragplatte oder die Sohle des in die Bindung eingesetzten Skischuhs ist.10. Ski binding according to one of claims 5-9, characterized in that the second control member is a support plate intended for the ski shoe or the sole of the ski shoe used in the binding.
EP90810352A 1989-05-12 1990-05-11 Ski safety binding with automatic release load controlse power Expired - Lifetime EP0397603B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90810352T ATE90585T1 (en) 1989-05-12 1990-05-11 SAFETY SKI BINDING WITH AUTOMATIC RELEASE FORCE CONTROL.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1783/89A CH679213A5 (en) 1989-05-12 1989-05-12 Safety release binding for skis
CH1784/89 1989-05-12
CH1783/89 1989-05-12
CH1784/89A CH679744A5 (en) 1989-05-12 1989-05-12 Safety release binding for skis

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EP0397603A1 true EP0397603A1 (en) 1990-11-14
EP0397603B1 EP0397603B1 (en) 1993-06-16

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EP90810352A Expired - Lifetime EP0397603B1 (en) 1989-05-12 1990-05-11 Ski safety binding with automatic release load controlse power

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DE (1) DE59001758D1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2673848A1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-09-18 Varpat Patentverwertung COUPLING DEVICE BETWEEN A SKI SHOE AND A SKI.
EP1190748A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-04-16 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with differentiated unlocking device
EP1190744A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-04-16 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with differentiated unlocking device
EP1190747A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-04-16 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with differentiated unlocking device
EP1190745A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-04-16 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with diffentiated unlocking device
EP1190743A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-05-14 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with differentiated unlocking device
EP1866041A2 (en) * 2005-02-14 2007-12-19 ETTLINGER, Carl F. Ski binding having a dynamically variable upward heel release threshold
US7762572B2 (en) 2006-08-08 2010-07-27 Vermont Safety Developments Alpine ski binding having release logic for inhibiting anterior cruciate ligament injury

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT321169B (en) * 1971-11-12 1975-03-25 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Ski safety binding
DE2504281A1 (en) * 1973-12-08 1976-08-05 Erich Eckart Safety ski binding with rotating under-boot plate - converts rotational forces into tensile forces to release heel support
CH659776A5 (en) * 1983-07-01 1987-02-27 Salomon Sa SECURITY FIXING FOR SKIING.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT321169B (en) * 1971-11-12 1975-03-25 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Ski safety binding
DE2504281A1 (en) * 1973-12-08 1976-08-05 Erich Eckart Safety ski binding with rotating under-boot plate - converts rotational forces into tensile forces to release heel support
CH659776A5 (en) * 1983-07-01 1987-02-27 Salomon Sa SECURITY FIXING FOR SKIING.

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2673848A1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-09-18 Varpat Patentverwertung COUPLING DEVICE BETWEEN A SKI SHOE AND A SKI.
EP1190748A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-04-16 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with differentiated unlocking device
EP1190744A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-04-16 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with differentiated unlocking device
EP1190747A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-04-16 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with differentiated unlocking device
EP1190745A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-04-16 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with diffentiated unlocking device
EP1190743A3 (en) * 2000-09-23 2003-05-14 INGENIEURBÜRO FLUGWESEN &amp; BIOMECHANIK IFB AG Safety binding for skis with differentiated unlocking device
EP1866041A2 (en) * 2005-02-14 2007-12-19 ETTLINGER, Carl F. Ski binding having a dynamically variable upward heel release threshold
EP1866041A4 (en) * 2005-02-14 2009-05-27 Vermont Safety Developments Ski binding having a dynamically variable upward heel release threshold
US7810833B2 (en) 2005-02-14 2010-10-12 Vermont Safety Developments Ski binding having a dynamically variable upward heel release threshold
US7762572B2 (en) 2006-08-08 2010-07-27 Vermont Safety Developments Alpine ski binding having release logic for inhibiting anterior cruciate ligament injury

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0397603B1 (en) 1993-06-16
DE59001758D1 (en) 1993-07-22

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