EP0395761A1 - Ferrohydrostatic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

A ferrohydrostatic separator comprises a magnetic system (1) with two poles (N-S) whose profiles shape the magnetic field in the pole gap (2), a container (3) with a ferromagnetic liquid (4), located in the pole (2) and secured on the poles (N-S). The separator is provided with a device (5) for feeding the mechanical mixture, which is located above the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid (4) and connected at least to one of the poles (S), and with a device (11) for removing the separated particles of the mechanical mixture, connected to the container (3). The device (5) is located along the longitudinal axis of the pole gap (2) and is designed so as to form on the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid (4) a mechanical mixture feeding zone (6), oriented across the magnetic lines and extending along the pole (S).

Description

The present invention relates to the processing of mineral resources and relates in particular to a ferrohydrostatic SeDarator.

In the most successful way, the invention can be used in the nonferrous metal industry to separate non-magnetic nonferrous nonferrous metal waste by density.

The invention can also be used in the processing mining industry for the processing of mineral ores.

Underlying state of the art

At the moment, there is an increasing tendency worldwide to reduce the content of a useful portion in the nonferrous nonferrous metal ores and to an ever increasing demand for nonferrous metals. This forces to increase the amount of recycling of multi-component types of non-ferrous metal waste, non-ferrous metal scrap from the electrical engineering industry and some types of power cables. However, the lack of equipment for its deposition that can be produced industrially worldwide does not allow this scrap metal to be used to the full extent to compensate for a demanded amount of non-ferrous metals.

Some companies from Japan and the United States have had successful success in developing the technology and carrying out investigations in the separation of broken nonferrous non-ferrous metals according to their density in bilot plants of ferrohydrostatic separators.

The Japanese company "Hitakki saisoku" has managed to discharge non-ferrous metals, namely aluminum, zinc, copper from motor vehicle scrap metal using an experimental ferrohydrostatic separator, which is a container filled with a ferromagnetic liquid consisting of verosin, one disperse phase - with a shell of oleic acid surrounded magnetite bodies of size 100 A - and comprises an electromagnetic system, in the space between the poles of the said container lies. The container is provided with a device for advancing scrap metal from the motor vehicle with a size of 6 to 25 mm.

The separator did not ensure an effective removal of aluminum from fchrot. The removal of the aluminum was 80%, while 20% of the aluminum contained in the shot was obtained in a mixture with copper and zinc, which resulted in contamination of the former.

The US mining office has developed and tested a test sample of a ferrohydrostatic separator for discharging non-ferrous metals from a heterogeneous mixture that is produced when industrial and household waste is burned.

The separator has a container which lies in the space between the poles of the magnetic system and is filled with a ferromagnetic liquid which is a suspension of magnetite in kerosene with an addition of 7 to 12% of the oleic acid. The poles of the magnetic system are inclined to the horizontal plane, which ensures an inclination of the level of the ferromagnetic liquid in the direction of the removal of the separated particles of the mixture. The separator has a device attached to the container for advancing the heterogeneous mixture to be separated and a device for carrying away the separated part. chen of the heterogeneous mixture.

In the separator, a heterogeneous mixture was separated, the 58, 5% Al, I ^1, 8% Zn, 19.7% Cu as well as tin, lead, and contains silica particles. The separator did not ensure effective removal of the aluminum, because the separated aluminum is contaminated with 5.5% Cu and 10.7% Pb. Obtaining such a non-standard product requires additional effort for its further separation, which makes the process more expensive.

In the USSR is a ferrohydrostatic separator for a quick analysis of non-magnetic ores their examination for the degree of processing and the composition of minerals, which is mass-produced, was developed. The practice of operating the separators showed their high accuracy when carrying out the quick analysis. The separator works cyclically and has a low performance (50 kg / h).

A ferrohydrostatic separator for separating a heterogeneous mixture of non-ferrous metallic waste is known, the particles of which have almost the same density as e.g. for brass and copper (see SU, A, 782870).

The known separator includes a magnetic system with two poles, the profile of which generates a magnetic field with a field strength that changes according to the height and width of the space between the poles, and a container with a ferromagnetic liquid located therein. The magnetic field strength varies according to the height of the space between the poles from the maximum in the lower part of the poles to the minimum in their upper part and the width of the space between the poles from the maximum at the pole to the minimum on the longitudinal axis of the space between the poles. The side surfaces of the container are formed by sheets of non-magnetic material, and at the bottom there is a collecting container for separated products, which is attached to the poles. The poles of the magnet system have an inclination in the direction of movement of the light particles. To the heterogeneous mixture supplied to the mirror of the ferromagnetic liquid, means are provided in the separator, which is a connected to a feed hopper and arranged on the 'Dolen S _D zeal. The feeder forms a feed area for the heterogeneous mixture which runs along the magnetic lines of force.

An auxiliary pole, which lies above the mirror of the ferromagnetic liquid, is arranged on the poles in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the container. As a result of Interaction of the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary pole with the magnetic field generated by the poles of the magnet system, the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid takes on a concave shape in the space between the poles. Thanks to the use of the auxiliary pole, it is possible to expand the area with the constant gradient of the magnetic field strength in the space between the poles. At the lower part: .. each of the poles has a magnetic support in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the space between the poles, which ensures a constant gradient of the magnetic field strength along the vertical axis of the space between the poles. The collecting vessel for the separated products is provided with a vertical partition wall, which prevents the separated particles of the heterogeneous mixture from mixing.

The realized in the above-described construction of the ferrohydrostatigchen separator Prozes _s the preparation of the heterogeneous mixture of the colored metallic waste contributes to improving the quality of the separation of the particles of the heterogeneous mixture by keeping constant the gradient of the magnetic field strength along the vertical axis of the space between the poles at.

The concave surface of the ferromagnetic liquid counteracts the transport of the particles of the heterogeneous mixture, which reduces the performance of the separator. The known separator can only be used for a quick analysis because of its low performance of approx. 50 kg / h.

The attempt to increase the quality of the separation of the heterogeneous mixture was reflected in the construction of the ferrohydrostatic separator according to DE 332II02 C2.

The ferrohydrostatic separator mentioned contains a magnet system with two poles, the profile of which is a magnetic field with a height that varies from the maximum value in the lower part of the poles to the minimum value in their upper part and after the 3 ridge of the space between the poles from the maximum value at the poles to the minimum value on the longitudinal axis of the space between the poles changing field strength, a container arranged in the space between the poles with a ferromagnetic liquid. A separating wall is provided in the container for separating the separated particles of the heterogeneous mixture from one another, which is arranged in the liquid layer with the possibility of displacement along one of the prism surfaces, which encloses an acute angle with the vector of the gravity of a particle. The base of the prism is attached to the side surfaces of the container. The displacement of the partition is forced by the limitation of the layer of the ferromagnetic liquid on which particles move, the density of which is below the bulk density of the ferromagnetic liquid. The known separator also comprises a device for feeding the heterogeneous mixture of the non-ferrous metal scrap lying above the mirror of the ferromagnetic liquid and attached to the poles, and a device connected to the container for carrying away the separated particles of the heterogeneous mixture. The poles of the magnet system have an inclination in the direction of movement of the light particles. The device for feeding the heterogeneous mixture is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. at least one of the poles arranged in such a way that the application area for the heterogeneous mixture in the space between the poles runs in the direction of the magnetic lines of force.

In the application area for the heterogeneous mixture of non-ferrous metallic scrap, gravity, force of a hydrostatic pressure, hydrostatic buoyancy act on the particles of the starting mixture in the ferromagnetic liquid. The particles of the heterogeneous mixture in the feed area are subjected to pressure from the action of the horizontal component of the hydrostatic Pressure, which degrades the quality of separation due to flocculation. The latter results in a steep drop in performance in the separator. With such an arrangement of the device for feeding the heterogeneous mixture, which aligns the feed area _D parallel to the magnetic lines of force, the conditions for the transport of the particles on the mirror of the ferromagnetic liquid deteriorate, namely in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the space between the poles, which prevents the heavy particles from moving into the area of the space between the poles in which the bulk density of the ferromagnetic liquid is below the density of a heavy particle.

Such a design of the known ferrohydrostatic separator ensures a very high quality of the separation of the heterogeneous mixture of the old shot from aluminum alloys, the particles of which have almost the same density, which is why it is possible to use the separation products for the extraction of high-quality aluminum alloys. However, such a separator described above has an extremely low performance, which is why it has not been widely used in industry.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention is dia object to provide an FER rohydrosta ⁺ regard separator, in which the arrangement of the apparatus ensures to feed the heterogeneous mixture such alignment of Aufgahebereichs respect to the magnetic lines of force which a steep increase in performance at high quality of the separation of the heterogeneous Mixture causes.

The task is solved in that in the ferrohydrostatic separator, which is a magnet system with two poles, whose profile in the space between the poles creates a magnetic field with a height that varies from the maximum value in the lower part of the poles to the minimum value in the upper part Part and according to the width of the space between the poles from the axial value to the Pole generated to the minimum value on the longitudinal axis of the space between the poles changing field strength, a container with a ferromagnetic liquid, a device arranged above the mirror of the ferromagnetic liquid, attached to the poles for feeding the heterogeneous mixture and a connected with a 3e container Device for carrying away the separated particles of the heterogeneous mixture includes, according to the invention, the device for advancing the heterogeneous mixture in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the space between the poles and is made suitable for forming a receiving area for the heterogeneous mixture on the level of the ferromagnetic liquid, which is extended along the pole and arranged transversely to the magnetic lines of force.

Such an arrangement of the device for feeding the heterogeneous mixture creates conditions for an enlargement of the loading area for the heterogeneous mixture, since it is well known that the size of the space between the poles in the longitudinal direction exceeds its size in the transverse direction by a multiple. This requires a considerable increase in performance in the ferrohydrostatic separator produced according to the invention. The arrangement of the feed area for the heterogeneous mixture transversely to the magnetic lines of force leads to the fact that the particles are quickly carried away from the feed area under the action of the horizontal component of the hydrostatic pressure, which frees up space for a newly to be fed heterogeneous mixture.

In the seprator mentioned, the transport conditions for the particles of the heterogeneous semic in the ferromagnetic liquid are improved because the vector of the horizontal component of the hydrostatic pressure coincides with the vector of the speed of movement of the particles, which prevents the blockage. The latter helps to improve the quality of the heterogeneous mixture and to increase the performance of the separator at.

It is advisable that the application area for the particles in the space between the poles is in the immediate vicinity of the poles.

Such an arrangement of the feed area intensifies the process of removing the particles of the heterogeneous mixture from it because each particle is affected by the horizontal component of the hydrostatic pressure, which has the maximum value.

The separator designed according to the invention ensures a high degree of separation of the particles of the heterogeneous mixture with almost the same densities by improving the transport conditions for the former, which enables the movement of the particles through many areas with different bulk densities of the ferromagnetic liquid.

Brief description of the drawings

• Fig. I schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemässen ferrohydrostatischen Separator;
• Fig. 2 eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen ferrohydrostatischen Separators in isometrischer Darstellung;
• Fig 3 einen Vertikalschnitt durch die Ausführungsform des ferrohydrostatischen Separators.

The other objects and advantages of the invention will become clearer from a specific embodiment and drawings below. Show it:

• I schematically shows a vertical section through a ferrohydrostatic separator according to the invention;
• 2 shows an embodiment of the ferrohydrostatic separator according to the invention in an isometric representation;
• 3 shows a vertical section through the embodiment of the ferrohydrostatic separator.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

The ferrohydrostatic separator according to the invention, which is provided for separating the heterogeneous mixture, for example the scrap metal of the radio-electronic home appliances and the waste in the lead jacket with a grain size of up to 10 mm, comprises a magnet system I (FIG. I) with two poles NS, the profile of which a magnetic field in a space 2 between them with a depending on the height of the space 2 from the maximum value in the lower part of the poles N and S to the minimum value in its upper part and on the width of the space 2 between the poles from Generates a maximum value at the poles NS to the minimum value on the longitudinal axis of the space 2 between the field strengths H changing between the poles, and a container 3 with a ferromagnetic liquid 1 located in the space 2 between the poles NS and connected to them.

The container 3 is provided with a vibration device (not indicated in FIG.) For accelerating the discharge of the separated particles of the heterogeneous mixture. The ferrohydrostatic separator is equipped with a device 5 for thrusting the heterogeneous mixture, which is arranged above the level of the ferromagnetic liquid along the space 2 between the poles and is suitable for forming a feed area 6 for the heterogeneous mixture on the level of the ferromagnetic liquid 4. The area mentioned extends along the pole S and lies transversely to the magnetic lines of force 7 in the immediate vicinity of the pole mentioned. The device 5 for feeding the heterogeneous semic represents a box-shaped housing 8 attached to the pole S. Separating elements are attached to the side walls of the housing and are made in the form of inclined shelves 9 arranged one above the other. The pouring edge IO of the inclined shelf 9 lying in the immediate vicinity of the mirror of the ferromagnetic liquid 4 faces the pole S.

A device II for carrying away the separated particles of the heterogeneous mixture, which is connected to the container 3, is provided in the ferrohydrostatic separator. Said device constitutes a flat element I?, Which is fastened to the side walls of the container 3 in a region furthest from the area of supply of the heterogeneous mixture and whose end face projects beyond the boundaries of the end face of the container 3, whereby a channel 13 for Unloading heavy particles and a channel I1 for carrying away lighter parts are formed. The poles NS of the magnet system I are arranged on a yoke I5. For better understanding of the invention are the heavy particles the heterogeneous mixture is indicated by dark circles and the light particles by transoarent circles.

The separator works as follows. When the excitation windings of the magnet system I (FIG. I) (not shown in FIG. 1) are supplied with current, an inhomogeneous magnetic field is generated in the space 2 between the poles, which acts on the ferromagnetic liquid 1 and is characterized by the presence of a field gradient grad. H , whose vector points in the range of the minimum distance between the poles NS in the direction of the axis y. The ferromagnetic liquid 4 increases a bulk density ℓa.

Furthermore, the heterogeneous mixture is passed through the box-shaped housing 8. The particles of the heterogeneous mixture trickle by moving on the inclined shelves 9 from the edge IO of the last shelf 9 into the loading area 6 onto the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid 4. Under the action of Horizontalkom onente _D of the hydrostatic pressure, the particles of the heterogeneous mixture from the object region 6 to be carried away quickly, space is cleared for a new heterogeneous mixture to be supplied, and in the direction of the axis plane of the space? transported between the poles. The particles of the heterogeneous mixture, whose density lies below the bulk density P _{a of} the ferromagnetic liquid 1, appear on their surface, while the particles of the heterogeneous mixture, whose density lies above the bulk density P a of the ferromagnetic liquid 4, under the effect of gravity F. _{Immerse g} in the layer of ferromagnetic liquid 1.

As a result, in the separator mentioned, the transport conditions for the particles of the heterogeneous mixture in the ferromagnetic liquid ^{1 are} improved because the vector of the horizontal component of the hydrostatic pressure coincides with the vector of the speed of movement of the particles, which counteracts flocculation. The latter contributes to the Er Increase the quality of the separation of the heterogeneous mixture and increase the performance of the separator. The exposed particles move in the direction of the channel I1, where they are discharged through the device II for carrying away the separated particles into a corresponding collecting vessel for the product (not shown in FIG.). The lost particles are moved into the channel 13 under the effect of vibrations to which the container 3 is exposed, where they are discharged into a corresponding receptacle for the product (not shown in FIG.).

In order to separate the heterogeneous mixture of non-ferrous metals with a large difference in densities (above 30%), for example the old cable, where aluminum-lead, copper-lead and the like are used as wires. are used, it is expedient to use a ferrohydrostatic separator designed according to the invention and shown in FIG. 2.

The separator is designed analogously to the one mentioned above, with the exception of the device for feeding the heterogeneous mixture, which represents a box-shaped housing I6 fastened to the poles NS. The interior of the housing 16 is divided by a partition 17 on which separating elements are attached. The separator elements are attached to the side walls of the housing 16. The separating elements are produced in the form of inclined shelves 18 arranged one above the other. The _S 19 chüttkanten the inclined shelves I8 are in the immediate vicinity of the mirror of the ferromagnetic liquid 1, wherein the one of the edges of the pole S and the other faces the N pole.

The housing I6 is attached to the poles NS by means of two supports 20. The magnet system I comprises two excitation windings? I, both of which are arranged on a yoke 15 which is fastened by means of a carrier 22 to a frame 23 which rests on a foundation. The housing I6 is above the mirror of the ferromagnetic liquid 1 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the space 2 between the Poland arranged. The housing mentioned forms two. Application areas 5 and 6a for the 'heterogeneous mixture, which lie across the magnetic lines of force 7.

The separator works in analogy to the above. The heterogeneous mixture is loaded via the box-shaped housing I6. The particles of the heterogeneous mixture trickle as they move on the inclined shelves 18 from the edges of the last shelves 18 into the application areas 6 and 6a down to the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid 4. The feed area 6 is closer to the pole 8 and the feed area 6a to the pole N. The presence of the two feed areas 6 and 6a makes it possible to increase the performance of the ferrohydrostatic separator to 3 t / h.

In the embodiment of the ferrohydrostatic separator shown in FIG. 3, the device 5 for feeding the heterogeneous mixture represents a belt conveyor 2 ^{4 of} any known construction, which forms a feed area 25 lying along the space 2 between the poles in the immediate vicinity of the pole S.

The operation of the separator is analogous to that mentioned above.

Industrial applicability

The ferrohydrostatic separator can be successfully used in the non-ferrous metal industry to separate non-magnetic non-ferrous non-ferrous metal waste by density, and in the mining industry to process minerals.

The ferrohydrostatic separator manufactured in accordance with the invention allows for the separation of broken old cables and their waste in the lead jacket (metal mixture: copper-plei, aluminijm-plei), a light product represented by aluminum or copper and contaminated by a product weighing up to 1% and a to separate heavy product represented by lead and contaminated by less than 2% light product at an output of 3 t / h, the maximum power requirement of the separator being 9.5 kW / h. He reached Results in the separation of the heterogeneous mixtures of non-ferrous metals allow special alloys to be obtained from the products obtained.

Claims (2)

I. Ferrohydrostatic separator, which is a magnetic system (I) with two poles (NS), whose profile is a magnetic field in space (2) between the poles with a height that varies from the maximum value in the lower part of the poles to the minimum value in the upper part and produced according to the width of the space between the poles of the maximum value at the poles to the minimum value in the middle of the room (2) changing the field strength (H), a lying and in the space between the poles attached to the poles _(N-S) container (3) with a ferromagnetic liquid (1); a device (5) arranged above the level of the ferromagnetic liquid (1) and connected to at least one of the poles (N, S) for feeding a heterogeneous mixture and a device (II) connected to the container (3) for carrying away the separated particles of the heterogeneous mixture, characterized in that the device (5) for feeding the heterogeneous mixture in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the space (2) between the poles and for forming a feed area (6, 6a) for the heterogeneous mixture on the mirror of the ferromagnetic liquid (1) is made suitable, which extends along the pole (N, S) and is arranged transversely to the magnetic lines of force (7). 2. Ferrohydrostatic separator according to claim I, characterized in that the feed area (6, a) for the heterogeneous mixture in the space (2) between the poles in the immediate vicinity of the pole (N, S).

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