EP0550867A1 - Device for separating non-magnetisable metals from a mixture of solids - Google Patents

Device for separating non-magnetisable metals from a mixture of solids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0550867A1
EP0550867A1 EP92121710A EP92121710A EP0550867A1 EP 0550867 A1 EP0550867 A1 EP 0550867A1 EP 92121710 A EP92121710 A EP 92121710A EP 92121710 A EP92121710 A EP 92121710A EP 0550867 A1 EP0550867 A1 EP 0550867A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
separating
parting
parabolas
magnetic field
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Granted
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EP92121710A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0550867B1 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Stodt
Erwin Kaldenbach
Elmar Klomfass
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Lyndex Recycling Systems Ltd
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Lindemann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/23—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp
    • B03C1/24—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp with material carried by travelling fields
    • B03C1/247—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp with material carried by travelling fields obtained by a rotating magnetic drum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/20—Magnetic separation whereby the particles to be separated are in solid form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating non-magnetisable metals, in particular non-ferrous metals, from a solid mixture with an alternating magnetic field generator that deflects the mixture components on parabolas.
  • An alternating magnetic field which can be generated, for example, as is known from German Patent 3,817,003, by means of an inductor or by means of a magnetic rotor, makes it possible to carry out the so-called eddy current separation of non-magnetizable, electrically highly conductive metals.
  • the feed material can be guided over the poles of an alternating magnetic field generator, for example on a conveyor belt or in free fall. Eddy currents are induced in the electrically highly conductive constituents of the mixture to be separated, which build up their own magnetic fields which are directed opposite the generating field and accelerate these constituents relative to the other constituents of the mixture on account of the electromagnetic forces which result.
  • Eddy current separation can be used to separate non-ferromagnetic, highly electrically conductive substances, such as aluminum and copper, from non-ferrous solid mixtures and non-ferrous metal / non-metallic solid mixtures, such as automobile shredder rubble, electronic scrap and the like. If these mixtures contain ferromagnetic parts, the eddy current separation can be preceded by a magnetic separation in order to remove ferromagnetic parts beforehand. In addition, other sorting and classifying stages are expediently connected upstream of the eddy current separation, because the greatest possible pre-enrichment and fractionation of the applied solid mixture have a positive effect on the separation success and the throughput of the eddy current separator.
  • a rapidly rotating rotor which is equipped with permanent magnets and whose position can be adjusted is arranged eccentrically in the interior of an outer drum wrapped in a conveyor belt.
  • the solid mixture fed via the conveyor belt is flooded by the full flow of the magnetic field when it reaches the material discharge zone. Because exactly in this area the magnetic rotor has been set so that when the material to be separated falls or slides due to gravity, the combination of mechanical ejection forces with the latest possible forces of the magnetic field for the non-ferrous metals is the greatest Deflection of the throwing parabola and thus a deliberate separation from the other mixture components results.
  • the non-ferrous metals deflected on a wide throwing parabola fall in a defined manner into a collecting container that is located away from the collection point for the other mixture components.
  • the separation into valuable non-ferrous metal components and other components is supported by means of a separation apex which can be adjusted with its apex in a substantially horizontal direction. The latter components fall down essentially without deflection and, viewed in the transport direction, reach an area in front of the parting parting.
  • An eddy current separator known from DE-OS 3 810 715 has, instead of a rotor equipped with permanent magnets or an inductor, two mutually parallel, vertical, rotationally driven disks which are occupied by magnets of alternating polarity.
  • the solid mixture to be separated enters the upper middle region between the disks via a feed device.
  • the magnets on the rotating disks induce eddy currents with a high field density in the solid mixture entering the space between the disks, which eddy currents are surrounded by a magnetic field which interacts with the magnetic field of the rotating disks.
  • the different conductivity of the mixture constituents of the solid mixture for example non-magnetic steels, which have an austenitic or austenitic / ferritic structure and whose electrical conductivity is low, can be achieved separate those components whose conductivity is good, such as copper. While components made of stainless steel thus reach the outlet opening assigned to them without any significant influence by the magnetic field of the rotating disks, copper parts fall radially further outwards due to the magnetic interaction achieved and thus separate from the electrically poorly conductive parts. The separation of the mixture constituents is promoted by a separating apex immersed between the parabolas.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a generic device that allows a variable mode of operation in a simple manner and makes it possible in one Pass to obtain the desired fractions contained in the solid mixture separately.
  • this object is achieved by at least two separating vertices which are arranged at a distance from one another and each protrude between adjacent throwing parabolas. It is thus possible to separate several different constituents simultaneously from one solid mixture fed to the alternating magnetic field generator.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that in the case of a pre-classified, ie assigned to a certain separation particle size range, for example obtained by sieving, a mixture of solids with different materials due to differing densities there are correspondingly different parabolas. The heavier the material, the shorter the throwing parabola.
  • copper and / or brass can be separated from aluminum, magnesium and zinc if - as achieved by the invention - it is prevented that the recyclable materials separated from one another then still mix in a common collection point.
  • a dividing line advantageously projects between the throwing parabolas of - then given in the order of decreasing densities copper and zinc or zinc and aluminum or aluminum and magnesium, and a dividing line continues between the shortest parabola (in the example above that of copper) and
  • the remaining mixture components which were not accelerated by the magnetic field, could be separated in one work step not only from the non-ferrous metals from the other components, but also from one another.
  • the dry separation of non-ferrous metals that is possible with the known non-ferrous magnetic separators can also be used solely for separating non-ferrous metals from one another.
  • the dividers are adjustable and can be moved horizontally and vertically to a new setting position to be secured, the dividers can be adjusted to suit other throwing parabolas if the composition of the solid mixture is changed.
  • the parting partitions can be arranged in a housing, which in the simplest case only needs to consist of two side walls enclosing the parting partitions. Both the parting parting and the housing or the side walls should consist of an electrically non-conductive material, such as wood, ceramic or plastic.
  • the housing can advantageously be pivoted about a horizontal axis, a group-wide, central adjustment of all separating apices can be achieved by simply pivoting the housing about the pivot axis, for example by means of a cylinder acting on the housing.
  • An eddy current separating device 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of two vertical disks 2 arranged at a distance from one another, on which flat permanent magnets are arranged within the disks in order to generate an effective magnetic field.
  • the disks 2 causing spreading or selection of the parabolas are fastened to a shaft driven in rotation in the direction of the arrow 3 and anchored to the foundation 6 via a support frame 5.
  • a solid mixture 7 to be separated (cf. in FIG. 1 the Arrow) is fed into the magnetic field which is particularly effective between the two disks 2 by means of a feed 8 engaging between the disks 2 from above.
  • the solid mixture to be separated in the eddy current separating device 1 is a mixture which has been freed from electrically poorly conductive parts in a previous work step and consists exclusively of non-ferrous metals and is composed, for example, of copper, aluminum and magnesium of approximately the same grain size. Because of the different densities of these materials, throwing parabolas W K , W A and W M deviate from one another under the influence of the alternating magnetic field.
  • the throwing parabola W K of heavy copper is usually shorter than the throwing parabola of light aluminum W A and the easiest magnesium of the three components mentioned (see the throwing parabola W M ).
  • the throwing distance is still influenced by the speed and frequency at which the material is introduced into the alternating magnetic field.
  • the disks 2 face two separation vertices 12 arranged in a housing 11 in the ejection direction, which are arranged at a distance from one another and of which the upper parting part 12 projects between the throwing parabolas W M and W A and the lower parting parting 12 between the throwing parabolas W A and W K.
  • the residual portions of the solid mixture which describe differently wide throwing parabolas due to their density differences are thus directed specifically to the collecting containers 9, 9a, 9b assigned to them, ie the heavy copper describing the shortest throwing parabola W K arrives in the collecting container 9, the lighter aluminum on the other hand reaches the collecting container 9a in accordance with the throwing parabola W A and the magnesium which is lighter on the other hand in accordance with the throwing parabola W M reaches the collecting container 9b furthest away in the direction of discharge.
  • the housing 11 which may also accommodate three or four or more separating partitions, contained in a mixed mixture constituent 7 supplied, consists of two side walls 14 (see FIG. 2) which enclose the parting partitions 12. So that the separation apex 12 adapt to changing compositions of the applied solid mixture, i.e. can be changed in their position with respect to the expected parabolas, they are arranged horizontally and vertically adjustable in the housing 11.
  • the side walls 14 are provided, on the one hand, with oblique slots 15 and, on the other hand, with horizontal slots 16 into which guide pins 17 of the separating apex 12 engage.
  • Each of the pins 17 removed from the disks 2 of the eddy current separating device 1 penetrate the outer walls 14 and engage in slots 18 from the outside on the side walls 14, which are pivotally hinged tabs 19.
  • On the side walls 14 fixed actuating cylinders 21 are connected via their pistons to the tabs 19; when the actuating cylinders 21 are acted upon, the separating apices 12 move into the desired position.
  • the entire housing 11 can also be adjusted about a horizontal pivot axis 22 in the direction of the double arrow 23 by means of an actuating cylinder 24 (cf. the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 1) of the housing 11) and in this way a common, central adjustment can be achieved with fixed dividers 12.

Abstract

A device for separating non-magnetisable metals, in particular non-ferrous metals, from a mixture (7) of solids, having an alternating magnetic field generator which deflects the constituents of the mixture onto parabolic trajectories (WM, WA, WK) and in which there are at least two separating vertices (12) arranged at a distance from one another and which respectively project between adjacent parabolic trajectories (WM, WA or WA, WK), permits a variable mode of operation in a simple way and makes it possible to obtain separately the desired fractions contained in the mixture (7) of solids. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Abtrennen von nichtmagnetisierbaren Metallen, insbesondere NE-Metallen, aus einem Feststoffgemisch mit einem die Gemischbestandteile auf Wurfparabeln auslenkenden Wechselmagnetfelderzeuger.The invention relates to a device for separating non-magnetisable metals, in particular non-ferrous metals, from a solid mixture with an alternating magnetic field generator that deflects the mixture components on parabolas.

Ein Wechselmagnetfeld, das sich beispielsweise - wie durch die deutsche Patentschrift 3 817 003 bekanntgeworden - mittels eines Induktors oder mittels eines Magnetrotors erzeugen läßt, erlaubt es, die sogenannte Wirbelstromscheidung von nichtmagnetisierbaren, elektrisch gut leitfähigen Metallen auszuführen. Das Aufgabegut kann dabei über die Pole eines Wechselmagnetfelderzeugers geführt werden, beispielsweise auf einem Fördergurt oder im freien Fall. In den elektrisch gut leitfähigen Bestandteilen der zu trennenden Mischung werden Wirbelströme induziert, die eigene, dem Erzeugerfeld entgegengerichtete Magnetfelder aufbauen und diese Bestandteile aufgrund der sich ergebenden elektromagnetischen Kräfte relativ zu den übrigen Bestandteilen der Mischung beschleunigen. Durch Wirbelstromscheidung lassen sich nichtferromagnetische, elektrisch gut leitfähige Stoffe, wie Aluminium und Kupfer, aus NE-Feststoffgemischen und NE-Metall-/Nichtmetall-Feststoffgemischen, wie Autoshredderschutt, Elektronikschrott und dergleichen aussondern. Falls diese Mischungen ferromagnetische Teile enthalten, kann der Wirbelstromscheidung eine Magnetscheidung vorgeschaltet werden, um ferromagnetische Teile vorab zu entfernen. Zweckmäßig werden außerdem der Wirbelstromscheidung andere Sortier- und Klassierstufen vorgeschaltet, weil sich eine möglichst weitgehende Voranreicherung und Fraktionierung der aufgegebenen Feststoffmischung positiv auf den Trennerfolg und die Durchsatzleistung des Wirbelstromscheiders auswirken.An alternating magnetic field, which can be generated, for example, as is known from German Patent 3,817,003, by means of an inductor or by means of a magnetic rotor, makes it possible to carry out the so-called eddy current separation of non-magnetizable, electrically highly conductive metals. The feed material can be guided over the poles of an alternating magnetic field generator, for example on a conveyor belt or in free fall. Eddy currents are induced in the electrically highly conductive constituents of the mixture to be separated, which build up their own magnetic fields which are directed opposite the generating field and accelerate these constituents relative to the other constituents of the mixture on account of the electromagnetic forces which result. Eddy current separation can be used to separate non-ferromagnetic, highly electrically conductive substances, such as aluminum and copper, from non-ferrous solid mixtures and non-ferrous metal / non-metallic solid mixtures, such as automobile shredder rubble, electronic scrap and the like. If these mixtures contain ferromagnetic parts, the eddy current separation can be preceded by a magnetic separation in order to remove ferromagnetic parts beforehand. In addition, other sorting and classifying stages are expediently connected upstream of the eddy current separation, because the greatest possible pre-enrichment and fractionation of the applied solid mixture have a positive effect on the separation success and the throughput of the eddy current separator.

Bei dem bekannten NE-Scheider ist im Inneren einer von einem Förderband umschlungenen Außentrommel ein schnell rotierender, mit Permanentmagneten bestückter und in seiner Lage verstellbarer Rotor exzentrisch angeordnet. Das über das Förderband zugeführte Feststoffgemisch wird beim Erreichen der Material-Abwurfzone von dem vollen Fluß des Magnetfeldes durchflutet. Denn exakt in diesem Bereich ist der Magnetrotor so eingestellt worden, daß sich dann, wenn das zu trennende Gut schwerkraftbedingt gerade ins Fallen bzw. Rutschen kommt, in der Vereinigung der mechanischen Abwurfkräfte mit den spätestmöglich einwirkenden Kräften des Magnetfeldes für die NE-Metalle die größte Auslenkung der Wurfparabel und damit ein gezieltes Abtrennen von den übrigen Gemisch-Bestandteilen ergibt. Die auf einer weiten Wurfparabel ausgelenkten NE-Metalle fallen nämlich definiert in einen von der Sammelstelle für die übrigen Gemisch-Bestandteile entfernt aufgestellten Sammelbehälter. Mittels eines mit seinem Scheitelpunkt in im wesentlichen horizontaler Richtung einstellbaren Trennscheitels wird die Trennung in wertvolle NE-Metall-Bestandteile und übrige Bestandteile unterstützt. Die letztgenannten Bestandteile fallen im wesentlichen ohne Auslenkung nach unten und gelangen in Transportrichtung gesehen in einen Bereich vor dem Trennscheitel.In the known NE separator, a rapidly rotating rotor which is equipped with permanent magnets and whose position can be adjusted is arranged eccentrically in the interior of an outer drum wrapped in a conveyor belt. The solid mixture fed via the conveyor belt is flooded by the full flow of the magnetic field when it reaches the material discharge zone. Because exactly in this area the magnetic rotor has been set so that when the material to be separated falls or slides due to gravity, the combination of mechanical ejection forces with the latest possible forces of the magnetic field for the non-ferrous metals is the greatest Deflection of the throwing parabola and thus a deliberate separation from the other mixture components results. The non-ferrous metals deflected on a wide throwing parabola fall in a defined manner into a collecting container that is located away from the collection point for the other mixture components. The separation into valuable non-ferrous metal components and other components is supported by means of a separation apex which can be adjusted with its apex in a substantially horizontal direction. The latter components fall down essentially without deflection and, viewed in the transport direction, reach an area in front of the parting parting.

Ein aus der DE-OS 3 810 715 bekannter Wirbelstromscheider besitzt anstelle eines mit Permanentmagneten bestückten Rotors oder eines Induktors zwei zueinander parallele, vertikale, drehangetriebene Scheiben, welche mit Magneten wechselnder Polarität besetzt sind. Über eine Zuführeinrichtung tritt das zu trennende Feststoffgemisch in den oberen Mittelbereich zwischen die Scheiben ein. Durch die Magnete auf den rotierenden Scheiben werden in dem in den Zwischenraum zwischen den Scheiben eintretenden Feststoffgemisch Wirbelströme mit hoher Felddichte induziert, die ihrerseits von einem Magnetfeld umgeben sind, welches mit dem Magnetfeld der rotierenden Scheiben in Wechselwirkung tritt. Mit diesem Wirbelstromscheider, der auch mehrere jeweils mit Abstand voneinander angeordnete Scheiben aufweisen kann, gelingt es unter Ausnutzung der unterschiedlichen Leitfähigkeit der Gemischbestandteile des Feststoffgemischs, zum Beispiel nichtmagnetische Stähle, welche ein austenitisches oder austenitisch/ferritisches Gefüge aufweisen und deren elektrische Leitfähigkeit gering ist, von solchen Bestandteilen abzutrennen, deren Leitfähigkeit gut ist, wie beispielsweise von Kupfer. Während somit Bestandteile aus nichtrostendem Stahl ohne wesentliche Beeinflussung durch das Magnetfeld der rotierenden Scheiben in die ihnen zugeordnete Austrittsöffnung gelangen, fallen Kupferteile aufgrund der erreichten magnetischen Wechselwirkung radial weiter außen und damit gesondert von den elektrisch schlecht leitfähigen Teilen herunter. Das Aussondern der Gemisch-Bestandteile wird durch einen zwischen die Wurfparabeln eintauchenden Trennscheitel begünstigt.An eddy current separator known from DE-OS 3 810 715 has, instead of a rotor equipped with permanent magnets or an inductor, two mutually parallel, vertical, rotationally driven disks which are occupied by magnets of alternating polarity. The solid mixture to be separated enters the upper middle region between the disks via a feed device. The magnets on the rotating disks induce eddy currents with a high field density in the solid mixture entering the space between the disks, which eddy currents are surrounded by a magnetic field which interacts with the magnetic field of the rotating disks. With this eddy current separator, which can also have several disks arranged at a distance from one another, the different conductivity of the mixture constituents of the solid mixture, for example non-magnetic steels, which have an austenitic or austenitic / ferritic structure and whose electrical conductivity is low, can be achieved separate those components whose conductivity is good, such as copper. While components made of stainless steel thus reach the outlet opening assigned to them without any significant influence by the magnetic field of the rotating disks, copper parts fall radially further outwards due to the magnetic interaction achieved and thus separate from the electrically poorly conductive parts. The separation of the mixture constituents is promoted by a separating apex immersed between the parabolas.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die auf einfache Weise eine variable Betriebsweise erlaubt und es ermöglicht, in einem Durchgang die gewünschten, in dem Feststoffgemisch enthaltenen Fraktionen getrennt zu erhalten.The invention has for its object to provide a generic device that allows a variable mode of operation in a simple manner and makes it possible in one Pass to obtain the desired fractions contained in the solid mixture separately.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch mindestens zwei im Abstand voneinander angeordnete Trennscheitel gelöst, die jeweils zwischen benachbarte Wurfparabeln ragen. Es ist somit möglich, aus einem dem Wechselmagnetfelderzeuger aufgegebenen Feststoffgemisch in einem Durchgang mehrere unterschiedliche Bestandteile gleichzeitig abzutrennen. Der Erfindung liegt hierbei die Überlegung zugrunde, daß bei einem vorklassierten, d.h. einem bestimmten Trennkorngrößenbereich zugeordneten, zum Beispiel durch Absieben gewonnenen Feststoffgemisch bei unterschiedlichen Materialien aufgrund voneinander abweichender Dichten entsprechend verschiedene Wurfparabeln vorliegen. Je schwerer das Material ist, desto kürzer ist die Wurfparabel. In einem Arbeitsgang lassen sich zum Beispiel Kupfer und/oder Messing von Aluminium, Magnesium und Zink abtrennen, wenn - wie durch die Erfindung erreicht - verhindert wird, daß sich die voneinander getrennten Wertstoffe dann in einer gemeinsamen Sammelstelle doch wieder vermengen. Da jedoch Trennscheitel vorteilhaft zwischen die Wurfparabeln von - anschließend in der Reihenfolge der sich verringernden Dichten angegeben Kupfer und Zink bzw. Zink und Aluminium bzw. Aluminium und Magnesium ragen, und ein Trennscheitel weiterhin zwischen der kürzesten Parabel (im obigen Beispiel die von Kupfer) und den von dem Magnetfeld nicht beschleunigten, übrigen Gemisch-Bestandteilen angeordnet sein könnte, lassen sich in einem Arbeitsgang nicht nur die NE-Metalle von den übrigen Bestandteilen, sondern gleichzeitig auch untereinander trennen. Die mit den bekannten NE-Magnetscheidern mögliche Trockenseparierung von NE-Metallen läßt sich auch allein zum Trennen von NE-Metallen untereinander ausnutzen.According to the invention, this object is achieved by at least two separating vertices which are arranged at a distance from one another and each protrude between adjacent throwing parabolas. It is thus possible to separate several different constituents simultaneously from one solid mixture fed to the alternating magnetic field generator. The invention is based on the consideration that in the case of a pre-classified, ie assigned to a certain separation particle size range, for example obtained by sieving, a mixture of solids with different materials due to differing densities there are correspondingly different parabolas. The heavier the material, the shorter the throwing parabola. In one operation, for example, copper and / or brass can be separated from aluminum, magnesium and zinc if - as achieved by the invention - it is prevented that the recyclable materials separated from one another then still mix in a common collection point. However, since a dividing line advantageously projects between the throwing parabolas of - then given in the order of decreasing densities copper and zinc or zinc and aluminum or aluminum and magnesium, and a dividing line continues between the shortest parabola (in the example above that of copper) and The remaining mixture components, which were not accelerated by the magnetic field, could be separated in one work step not only from the non-ferrous metals from the other components, but also from one another. The dry separation of non-ferrous metals that is possible with the known non-ferrous magnetic separators can also be used solely for separating non-ferrous metals from one another.

Wenn die Trennscheitei verstellbar sind und sich horizontal und vertikal in eine neue, durch Feststellen zu sichernde Einstellage bringen lassen, können die Trennscheitel bei einer geänderten Zusammensetzung des aufgegebenen Feststoffgemischs auf entsprechend andere Wurfparabeln eingestellt werden.If the dividers are adjustable and can be moved horizontally and vertically to a new setting position to be secured, the dividers can be adjusted to suit other throwing parabolas if the composition of the solid mixture is changed.

Hierbei empfiehlt sich eine zentrale Verstellung aller Trennscheitel, die gegenüber einer zeitaufwendigeren Einzelverstellung vorzuziehen ist.In this case, it is advisable to adjust all the parting points centrally, which is preferable to a time-consuming individual adjustment.

Die Trennscheitel können in einem Gehäuse angeordnet sein, das einfachstenfalls lediglich aus zwei die Trennscheitel einfassenden Seitenwänden zu bestehen braucht. Sowohl die Trennscheitel als auch das Gehäuse bzw. die Seitenwände sollten aus einem elektrisch nicht leitenden Material bestehen, wie Holz, Keramik oder Kunststoff.The parting partitions can be arranged in a housing, which in the simplest case only needs to consist of two side walls enclosing the parting partitions. Both the parting parting and the housing or the side walls should consist of an electrically non-conductive material, such as wood, ceramic or plastic.

Wenn das Gehäuse vorteilhaft um eine horizontale Achse verschwenkbar ist, läßt sich eine gruppenweise, zentrale Verstellung aller Trennscheitel durch einfaches Verschwenken - zum Beispiel mittels eines an dem Gehäuse angreifenden Zylinders - des Gehäuses um die Schwenkachse erreichen.If the housing can advantageously be pivoted about a horizontal axis, a group-wide, central adjustment of all separating apices can be achieved by simply pivoting the housing about the pivot axis, for example by means of a cylinder acting on the housing.

In der Praxis hat sich gezeigt, daß gerade bei Elektronik-Schrotten die Chargenzusammensetzung oft wechselt, z.B. Telefonschrott oder neuwertige Produktionsabfälle. Dies macht ein häufiges Umstellen der Trennscheitel nötig. Eine manuelle Trennscheitelverstellung beansprucht ca. 10 bis 15 Minuten. Bei Parallelschaltung mehrerer Anlagen addieren sich diese Zeiten, was dann zu Stillstandzeiten der Gesamtanlage von 1 bis 2 Stunden pro Arbeitsschicht führen kann. Um diese Zeiten zu verkürzen, ist eine elektro-mechanische Verstellung mit einer Memory-Kartei von besonders großem Vorteil, d.h. bei einem Chargenwechsel läßt sich von der Zentrale bzw. vom Steuerpult aus die Gesamtanlage, z.B. auch die Drehzahl des rotierenden Magnetsystems und die einzelnen Positionen der Trennscheitel, automatisch einstellen. Die Umrüstzeiten bei Materialwechsel lassen sich somit erheblich verkürzen.In practice, it has been shown that batch composition often changes, particularly with electronic scrap, such as telephone scrap or new production waste. This necessitates frequent changes of the parting parting. Manual parting adjustment takes about 10 to 15 minutes. If several systems are connected in parallel, these times add up, which can then lead to downtimes of the entire system of 1 to 2 hours per work shift. To shorten these times is an electro-mechanical Adjustment with a memory card is a particularly great advantage, ie when changing batches, the entire system, for example the speed of the rotating magnet system and the individual positions of the separating crowns, can be set automatically from the control center or from the control panel. The changeover times when changing materials can thus be shortened considerably.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Gegenstandes der Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit einem aus zwei auf einer gemeinsamen Achse parallel mit Abstand voneinander angeordneten Scheiben bestehenden Wechselmagnetfelderzeuger näher erläutert wird. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Wirbelstromscheidevorrichtung mit einem in Abwurfrichtung vorgelagerten, mehrere Trennscheitel aufweisenden Gehäuse, in schematischer Seitenansicht; und
Fig. 2
das Multi-Trennscheitel-Gehäuse gemäß Figur 1 entlang der Linie II-II geschnitten.
Further features and advantages of the invention result from the claims and the following description, in which an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail in connection with an alternating magnetic field generator consisting of two disks arranged parallel and spaced apart on a common axis. Show it:
Fig. 1
an eddy current separating device with an upstream in the discharge direction, having several partitions housing, in a schematic side view; and
Fig. 2
cut the multi-parting parting housing according to Figure 1 along the line II-II.

Eine in Figur 1 dargestellte Wirbelstromscheidevorrichtung 1 besteht aus zwei im Abstand voneinander angeordneten, vertikalen Scheiben 2, auf denen zur Erzeugung eines wirksamen Magnetfeldes innerhalb der Scheiben flächige Permanentmagnete angeordnet sind. Die ein Spreizen bzw. Selektieren der Wurfparabeln bewirkenden Scheiben 2 sind auf einer in Pfeilrichtung 3 drehangetriebenen Welle befestigt und über einen Tragrahmen 5 mit dem Fundament 6 verankert. Ein zu trennendes Feststoffgemisch 7 (vgl. in Fig. 1 den Pfeil) wird mittels einer von oben zwischen die Scheiben 2 eingreifenden Zuführung 8 in das zwischen den beiden Scheiben 2 besonders wirksame Magnetfeld aufgegeben. Wenn es sich bei dem in der Wirbelstromscheidevorrichtung 1 zu trennenden Feststoffgemisch um ein in einem vorherigen Arbeitsgang bereits von elektrisch schlecht leitfähigen Teilen befreites, ausschließlich aus NE-Metallen bestehendes Gemisch handelt, das sich beispielsweise aus Kupfer, Aluminium und Magnesium von etwa gleicher Korngröße zusammensetzt, ergeben sich aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Dichten dieser Materialien unter dem Einfluß des Wechselmagnetfeldes voneinander abweichende Wurfparabeln WK, WA und WM. Die Wurfparabel WK des schweren Kupfers ist in der Regel kürzer als die Wurfparabel des leichten Aluminiums WA und des von den drei genannten Bestandteilen am leichtesten Magnesium (vgl. die Wurfparabel WM). Die Wurfweite wird aber weiterhin davon beeinflußt, mit welcher Geschwindigkeit und bei welcher Frequenz das Material in das magnetische Wechselfeld eingebracht wird.An eddy current separating device 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of two vertical disks 2 arranged at a distance from one another, on which flat permanent magnets are arranged within the disks in order to generate an effective magnetic field. The disks 2 causing spreading or selection of the parabolas are fastened to a shaft driven in rotation in the direction of the arrow 3 and anchored to the foundation 6 via a support frame 5. A solid mixture 7 to be separated (cf. in FIG. 1 the Arrow) is fed into the magnetic field which is particularly effective between the two disks 2 by means of a feed 8 engaging between the disks 2 from above. If the solid mixture to be separated in the eddy current separating device 1 is a mixture which has been freed from electrically poorly conductive parts in a previous work step and consists exclusively of non-ferrous metals and is composed, for example, of copper, aluminum and magnesium of approximately the same grain size, Because of the different densities of these materials, throwing parabolas W K , W A and W M deviate from one another under the influence of the alternating magnetic field. The throwing parabola W K of heavy copper is usually shorter than the throwing parabola of light aluminum W A and the easiest magnesium of the three components mentioned (see the throwing parabola W M ). The throwing distance is still influenced by the speed and frequency at which the material is introduced into the alternating magnetic field.

Damit sich Kupfer, Aluminium und Magnesium nicht wieder miteinander vermengen, vielmehr in gesonderten Sammelbehältern 9, 9a, 9b gezielt und getrennt voneinander sammeln lassen, liegen den Scheiben 2 in Abwurfrichtung zwei in einem Gehäuse 11 angeordnete Trennscheitel 12 gegenüber, die mit Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind und von denen der obere Trennscheitel 12 zwischen die Wurfparabeln WM und WA und der untere Trennscheitel 12 zwischen die Wurfparabeln WA und WK ragt. Die aufgrund ihrer Dichteunterschiede verschieden weite Wurfparabeln beschreibenden Restandteile des Feststoffgemisches werden somit gezielt zu den ihnen zugeordneten Sammelbehältern 9, 9a, 9b geleitet, d.h. das schwere, die kürzeste Wurfparabel WK beschreibende Kupfer gelangt in den Sammelbehälter 9, das demgegenüber leichtere Aluminium gelangt gemäß der Wurfparabel WA in den Sammelbehälter 9a und das demgegenüber noch einmal leichtere Magnesium gelangt entsprechend der Wurfparabel WM in den in Abwurfrichtung am weitesten entfernten Sammelbehälter 9b.So that copper, aluminum and magnesium do not mix again, but rather can be collected specifically and separately from one another in separate collecting containers 9, 9a, 9b, the disks 2 face two separation vertices 12 arranged in a housing 11 in the ejection direction, which are arranged at a distance from one another and of which the upper parting part 12 projects between the throwing parabolas W M and W A and the lower parting parting 12 between the throwing parabolas W A and W K. The residual portions of the solid mixture which describe differently wide throwing parabolas due to their density differences are thus directed specifically to the collecting containers 9, 9a, 9b assigned to them, ie the heavy copper describing the shortest throwing parabola W K arrives in the collecting container 9, the lighter aluminum on the other hand reaches the collecting container 9a in accordance with the throwing parabola W A and the magnesium which is lighter on the other hand in accordance with the throwing parabola W M reaches the collecting container 9b furthest away in the direction of discharge.

Das in Anpassung der in einem zugeführten Feststoffgemisch 7 enthaltenen, verschiedenen Gemischbestandteile gegebenenfalls auch drei oder vier oder mehr Trennscheitel aufnehmende Gehäuse 11 besteht aus zwei Seitenwänden 14 (vgl. Fig. 2), die die Trennscheitel 12 einfassen. Damit sich die Trennscheitel 12 an wechselnde Zusammensetzungen des aufgegebenen Feststoffgemisches anpassen, d.h. in ihrer Lage in bezug auf die zu erwartenden Wurfparabeln verändern lassen, sind sie horizontal und vertikal verstellbar in dem Gehäuse 11 angeordnet. Die Seitenwände 14 sind zu diesem Zweck einerseits mit Schrägschlitzen 15 und andererseits mit Horizontalschlitzen 16 versehen, in die Führungszapfen 17 der Trennscheitel 12 eingreifen. Jeweils die von den Scheiben 2 der Wirbelstromscheidevorrichtung 1 entfernten Zapfen 17 durchdringen die Außenwände 14 und greifen in Langlöcher 18 von außen an den Seitenwänden 14 schwenkbeweglich angelenkten Laschen 19 ein. An den Seitenwänden 14 festgelegte Stellzylinder 21 sind über ihre Kolben mit den Laschen 19 verbunden; bei Beaufschlagung der Stellzylinder 21 verstellen sich die Trennscheitel 12 in die gewünschte Position.The housing 11, which may also accommodate three or four or more separating partitions, contained in a mixed mixture constituent 7 supplied, consists of two side walls 14 (see FIG. 2) which enclose the parting partitions 12. So that the separation apex 12 adapt to changing compositions of the applied solid mixture, i.e. can be changed in their position with respect to the expected parabolas, they are arranged horizontally and vertically adjustable in the housing 11. For this purpose, the side walls 14 are provided, on the one hand, with oblique slots 15 and, on the other hand, with horizontal slots 16 into which guide pins 17 of the separating apex 12 engage. Each of the pins 17 removed from the disks 2 of the eddy current separating device 1 penetrate the outer walls 14 and engage in slots 18 from the outside on the side walls 14, which are pivotally hinged tabs 19. On the side walls 14 fixed actuating cylinders 21 are connected via their pistons to the tabs 19; when the actuating cylinders 21 are acted upon, the separating apices 12 move into the desired position.

Anstelle der Einzelverstellung der Trennscheitel 12 mittels der Stellzylinder 21 kann auch das gesamte Gehäuse 11 um eine horizontale Schwenkachse 22 in Richtung des Doppelpfeils 23 mittels eines Stellzylinders 24 verstellt (vgl. die in Fig. 1 strichpunktiert eingezeichnete Position des Gehäuses 11) und auf diese Weise bei festeingestellten Trennscheiteln 12 eine gemeinsame, zentrale Verstellung erreicht werden.Instead of the individual adjustment of the parting parting 12 by means of the actuating cylinder 21, the entire housing 11 can also be adjusted about a horizontal pivot axis 22 in the direction of the double arrow 23 by means of an actuating cylinder 24 (cf. the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 1) of the housing 11) and in this way a common, central adjustment can be achieved with fixed dividers 12.

Claims (8)

Vorrichtung zum Abtrennen von nichtmagnetisierbaren Metallen, insbesondere NE-Metallen, aus einem Feststoffgemisch mit einem die Gemischbestandteile auf Wurfparabeln auslenkenden Wechselmagnetfelderzeuger, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens zwei im Abstand voneinander angeordnete Trennscheitel (12), die jeweils zwischen benachbarte Wurfparabeln (WM, WA bzw. WA, WK) ragen.Device for separating non-magnetizable metals, in particular non-ferrous metals, from a solid mixture with an alternating magnetic field generator which deflects the mixture components on throwing parabolas, characterized by at least two separating apices (12) which are arranged at a distance from one another and each between adjacent throwing parabolas (W M , W A or W A , W K ) protrude. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Trennscheitel (12) jeweils zwischen die Wurfparabeln von Kupfer und Zink bzw. Zink und Aluminium bzw. Aluminium und Magnesium ragt.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a separating apex (12) projects between the parabolas of copper and zinc or zinc and aluminum or aluminum and magnesium. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Trennscheitel (12) zwischen der kürzesten Wurfparabel und den nicht beschleunigten Gemischbestandteilen angeordnet ist.Device according to claim 2, characterized in that a separating apex (12) is arranged between the shortest parabola and the non-accelerated mixture components. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennscheitel (12) verstellbar sind.Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the dividers (12) are adjustable. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet durch eine zentrale Verstellung aller Trennscheitel (12).Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a central adjustment of all parting partitions (12). Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennscheitel (12) in einem Gehäuse (11) angeordnet sind.Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the parting partitions (12) are arranged in a housing (11). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (11) um eine horizontale Achse (22) verschwenkbar ist.Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the housing (11) can be pivoted about a horizontal axis (22). Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennscheitel (12) mit einem Memory-System elektro-mechanisch verstellbar sind.Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the parting partitions (12) can be adjusted electromechanically with a memory system.
EP92121710A 1992-01-04 1992-12-19 Device for separating non-magnetisable metals from a mixture of solids Expired - Lifetime EP0550867B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4200093 1992-01-04
DE4200093A DE4200093A1 (en) 1992-01-04 1992-01-04 DEVICE FOR SEPARATING NON-MAGNETIZABLE METALS FROM A SOLID MIXTURE

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FR2714309A1 (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-06-30 Delta Neu Installation for separating three different types of waste having non-ferrous metal base from bulk household waste
WO1997000138A1 (en) * 1995-06-14 1997-01-03 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh System for separating non-magnetisable metals from a mixture of solids
NL2006306C2 (en) * 2011-02-28 2012-08-29 Inashco R & D B V Eddy current seperation apparatus, separation module, separation method and method for adjusting an eddy current separation apparatus.
US9033157B2 (en) 2010-07-28 2015-05-19 Inashco R&D B.V. Separation apparatus
CN105618262A (en) * 2016-03-24 2016-06-01 陈勇 Magnetite beneficiation device implemented by impacting ore sand with paraboloids
US9409210B2 (en) 2008-04-02 2016-08-09 Adr Technology B.V. Separation-apparatus
WO2019197460A1 (en) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-17 Georg Schons Sorting device for sorting out coins
RU2713549C1 (en) * 2019-08-15 2020-02-05 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭРГА" Eddy current magnetic separator for loose materials
CN114749272A (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-07-15 湖南中科电气股份有限公司 Scrap steel magnetic separation system and method

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DE102010036267A1 (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-08 Alexander Koslow Separation method and apparatus for non-ferrous metals

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FR2714309A1 (en) * 1993-12-28 1995-06-30 Delta Neu Installation for separating three different types of waste having non-ferrous metal base from bulk household waste
WO1997000138A1 (en) * 1995-06-14 1997-01-03 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh System for separating non-magnetisable metals from a mixture of solids
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US10052660B2 (en) 2008-04-02 2018-08-21 Adr Technology B.V. Separation-apparatus
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US9339848B2 (en) 2010-07-28 2016-05-17 Adr Technology B.V. Separation apparatus
US9033157B2 (en) 2010-07-28 2015-05-19 Inashco R&D B.V. Separation apparatus
WO2012118373A1 (en) * 2011-02-28 2012-09-07 Inashco R&D B.V. Eddy current separation apparatus, separation module, separation method and method for adjusting an eddy current separation apparatus
RU2576415C2 (en) * 2011-02-28 2016-03-10 Адр Текнолоджи Б.В. Eddy current separator, separating module, separation process and adjustment of eddy current separator
US9221061B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2015-12-29 Inashco R&D B.V. Eddy current separation apparatus, separation module, separation method and method for adjusting an eddy current separation apparatus
JP2014511271A (en) * 2011-02-28 2014-05-15 イナショコ エルウントデー べー．フェー． Eddy current separation device, separation module, separation method, and method for adjusting eddy current separation device
NL2006306C2 (en) * 2011-02-28 2012-08-29 Inashco R & D B V Eddy current seperation apparatus, separation module, separation method and method for adjusting an eddy current separation apparatus.
CN105618262A (en) * 2016-03-24 2016-06-01 陈勇 Magnetite beneficiation device implemented by impacting ore sand with paraboloids
WO2019197460A1 (en) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-17 Georg Schons Sorting device for sorting out coins
CN112261999A (en) * 2018-04-10 2021-01-22 乔治·顺斯 Sorting device for sorting out coins
US11684952B2 (en) 2018-04-10 2023-06-27 Georg Schons Sorting device for sorting out coins
RU2713549C1 (en) * 2019-08-15 2020-02-05 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭРГА" Eddy current magnetic separator for loose materials
CN114749272A (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-07-15 湖南中科电气股份有限公司 Scrap steel magnetic separation system and method
CN114749272B (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-12-13 湖南中科电气股份有限公司 Scrap steel magnetic separation system and method

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EP0550867B1 (en) 1996-10-09
DE59207339D1 (en) 1996-11-14
DE4200093A1 (en) 1993-07-08
ES2094272T3 (en) 1997-01-16

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