EP0395635B1 - Static mixer for flowing materials - Google Patents
Static mixer for flowing materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0395635B1 EP0395635B1 EP88905929A EP88905929A EP0395635B1 EP 0395635 B1 EP0395635 B1 EP 0395635B1 EP 88905929 A EP88905929 A EP 88905929A EP 88905929 A EP88905929 A EP 88905929A EP 0395635 B1 EP0395635 B1 EP 0395635B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- streams
- pipe
- static mixer
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4315—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
Abstract
Description
- This invention concerns static mixers to be inserted into pipes in order to mix fluids flowing along them. Such mixers take the form of one or more obstructions in the pipe which create a loss of pressure, and the energy so released into the flowing fluid promotes mixing . They are widely used in the chemical processing industries for mixing liquids and solids, but they are also used for mixing two or more different liquids together, or for mixing complex combinations of several liquids and solids.
- Existing static mixers generally operate along the following lines. A first device within the pipe deflects the flowing fluid so that it rotates around the pipe axis in a particular sense: then a second device downstream of the first device deflects the flowing fluid so that the sense of rotation is abruptly reversed. If necessary additional devices may be inserted at intervals further downstream to impose further abrupt changes in the sense of rotation of the fluid. The energy dispersal caused by these sudden reversals of rotational sense supplies the energy to the fluid that is required for mixing.
- FR-A-2313113 discloses a mixer comprising a number of mixing elements arranged in series. Each mixing element may impose a system of twin-cell rotation on the pipe contents. Sufficient mixers are included to ensure complete mixing of the pipe contents within the body of the mixer.
- In the proposed new type of static mixer, the energy dispersal and mixing is created by imposing a system of twin-cell or multi-cell rotation upon the contents of the pipe.
- Thus, according to this invention there is provided a static mixer for one or more fluids flowing in a pipe characterised by a single element to divide the flowing fluid(s) into at least two streams within the pipe and to deflect two of the resulting streams so that those streams rotate in opposite senses about axes parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid.
- Mixers according to the invention may be employed either to homogenise two or more different materials (e.g a liquid and a gas or solid particles and a gas, as already mentioned) or to mix warmer and cooler regions of the same flowing material (e.g. to increase heat transfer at the pipe wall) or simply to increase turbulence (e.g. for use upstream of a vortex-shedding flowmeter: such meters are reputed to be more efficient if preceded by a turbulence - generating device).
- Thus, according to a further aspect of the invention we provide a method of mixing a non-homogenous fluid, or of increasing the turbulence of a fluid, flowing in a pipe which comprises providing a single element in the pipe to divide the flowing fluid into at least two streams within the pipe and to deflect two of the resulting streams so that those streams rotate in opposite senses about axes parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid.
- The division of the flow into two rotating streams establishes a system of twin-cell rotation within the flowing fluid.
- The mixer may be formed from a thin plate having a planar circumferential portion which can therefore be inserted between two pipe sections bolted together, the plate having orifices through which separate divided streams can flow and deflectors to impart the rotation to them. The orifices and deflectors may be formed inexpensively by cutting and bending the plate, or in more elaborate geometries by fabrication.
- The deflectors may comprise flat flaps partially cut out from the plate and bent relative to the plane of the plate. They may be bent from the plane of the plates so that in use they face either upstream or downstream, or both. In other embodiments the deflectors may be curved.
- Alternatively, instead of being integral with the plate and formed simply by cutting and bending the material of the plate, each flap may be hingedly attached to the plate, at the edge of the associated orifice, so that it extends downstream in use, and is spring-urged towards the closed position, so that an increase in pressure of the flowing fluid will cause the flaps to open further against the spring action.
- The mixer device may additionally be provided with one or more pressure-relieving by-pass apertures not intended to impart rotation to the portion of fluid flowing through them. Such apertures may also be provided with hinged spring-loaded flaps.
- In one preferred embodiment, the means to divide the flowing fluid into two streams comprises a mixer according to
claim 2, wherein said means comprises a plate having end portions shaped to fit against axially spaced and opposite wall portions of the pipe respectively, and a deflector portion between the end portion, such that when the mixer is fitted inside the pipe, the deflector portion is not parallel to the pipe axis and substantially equal gaps are left on each side of the deflector portion through which fluid can pass. - An advantage of a mixer according to the invention is that it can be compact so that the energy release is concentrated within a short length of pipe. This is clearly of great value when it is required to homogenize temporarily a mixture of liquid and gas, or gas and solid particles and/or liquid droplets.
- Various mixers embodying the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which each of figures 1 to 8 shows a different mixer.
- Figure 1 shows a particularly simple design, in which the mixer consists of a flat plate 1, with straight sides and
curved end portions 2 bent in opposite directions relative to the plate 1. The curvature of theend portions 2 is the same as that of the wall of the pipe 4 into which the mixer is fitted, so that theend portions 2 fit closely against axially spaced and opposite portions of the inside of the pipe wall with the plate 1 extending diagonally across the pipe, with the result that the flowing fluid can pass it only by accelerating through the substantially equeal-sized gaps 3 on either side of the plate 1, between the plate and pipe wall. - The plate 1 is installed symmetrically within the pipe so that the passages 3 carry equal streams 5 and because these streams have both axial and transverse components in their velocity, they necessarily create the desired twin-celled rotation. The pressure loss across the plate 1, and hence the intensity of mixing, will depend upon both the size of the passages 3 and the velocity of flow in the pipe.
- From the point of view of simplicity of construction and easy insertion in an existing pipeline, there is considerable advantage in a device which by virtue of its compactness can be inserted by being sandwiched between an adjacent pair of pipe flanges. Examples of such devices are shown in Figures 2 to 5.
- The device shown in Figure 2 has a plate 6 blocking the lower portion of the cross-section of the pipe, with a pair of
curved vanes 7 dividing the flow into two equal and symmetrically-disposed streams 5 each of which has a component in the forward direction, a component in the downward direction, and a component towards the wall of the pipe. This arrangement will create the required twin-celled rotation as the two streams rotate about an axis parallel to the flow direction and in opposite senses. - An alternative device is shown in Figure 3, which consists of a
circular plate 8, having two alignedtransverse cuts 10 extending towards one another from opposite sides. Thelower portion 9 of the plate is flat and completely blocks the corresponding part of the pipe 4, whilst the twoupper quadrants 11 are bent forward in a symmetrical fashion to provide a pair of partially opened vertically-hinged flaps opening into the pipe. When the angle of opening is suitably regulated (angles between 20 degrees and 30 degrees have been found to be particularly effective) this arrangement creates twin-celled rotation with great efficiency. - The device may be simply constructed from a single piece of circular plate, with the two flaps bent to a fixed position; this permits extremely inexpensive construction. However, in many applications variable geometry may be required, and this can, easily be provided by hinging the two
flaps 11 at 13 and biassing them by means ofsprings 12, as shown in Figure 4. By this means the pressure loss at high flow rates can be substantially reduced. - It should be observed that although the devise shown in Figs.2 to 4 are shown with the openings towards the top of the pipe and with the lower portion of the pipe blocked they do not have to be installed in that orientation but may have the openings elsewhere, for example, at the bottom or the side. Likewise, they need not be installed in horizontal sections of pipe.
- A further variant of the device shown in Fig.3 is that shown in Fig.5. In this, there are two pairs of
bent flaps flaps 11 in Fig.3) and upstream respectively. In this way the twin-celled rotation effect may be enhanced whilst creating a lower pressure loss than with the device shown in Fig.3. If variable geometry is required, then the pair of flaps 22 pointing downstream may be spring-loaded. - The device shown in Fig.6 comprises two part-
circular plates 14, formed by cutting a whole circle along a chord, spaced apart in the direction of flow and rotated through 180° relative to one another about the pipe axis. Each plate blocks about two-thirds of the pipe cross-sectional area, and the two plates are spaced apart by about half a pipe diameter by means of aspacer 15 which includes a pair ofdeflector vanes 16, each of which directs one-half of the flowing fluid downwards and towards the wall of the pipe, thus creating the necessary twin-cell rotation. These deflector plates may be of fixed angle as shown, but this design is intended especially to facilitate variable geometry, since it is particularly easy to provide spring loading of thevanes 16. One possible disadvantage of the device of Figure 6 is that the rotation may be to some extent be suppressed by the position of the device itself. This disadvantage is overcome in the modified arrangement of Figure 7, where a similar device is constructed with theplates 14 and the associatedvanes 16 tilted in the direction of flow as shown, so that the rotation has a forward component as well as downward and radial components. - For certain applications comparatively gentle agitation of the flowing fluid may be all that is required to promote suitable mixing. In such cases, it is possible to limit the pressure drop by supplying, as well as the necessary pair of apertures to create the required twin-celled rotation, one or more additional apertures to allow a portion of the flow to pass straight through and without having any rotation imparted to it. In this arrangement the flow passing straight through the pressure-relieving aperture should be mixed sufficiently by the twin-celled rotation created by the remainder of the device. An example is shown in Figure 8, which is similar to the device of Figure 3 but with the addition of an aperture. This aperture may be a simple hole in the plate, but as shown the
hole 17 is provided with aflap 18, so arranged to deflect the by-pass flow downwards into the region where the twin-celled rotation is at its most powerful. An additional refinement is to provide the pressure-relievingaperture 17 with a hinged, spring-loaded flap instead of the fixedflap 18 shown in Figure 8. In this case, the hinge is preferably near the wall of the pipe, so that the flap deflects the by-pass flow towards the centre of the pipe, but in some applications it may be preferable to hinge the flap along the chord, thus directing the by-pass flow toward the wall of the pipe instead of the centre.
Claims (16)
- A static mixer for one or more fluids flowing in a pipe (4) characterized by a single element (1, 6, 9) to divide the flowing fluid(s) into at least two streams (5) within the pipe and to deflect two of the resulting streams so that those streams rotate in opposite senses about axes parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid.
- A static mixer according to Claim 1, wherein said single element comprises a plate (9) transverse to the direction of flow of the fluid(s) and has orifices through which the divided streams (5) can separately flow and deflectors (11, 11') to give rise to the rotation of said streams.
- A static mixer according to Claim 2 wherein the plate has a planar circumferential portion enabling it to be inserted between two flanged pipe sections bolted together.
- A static mixer according to Claim 2 or 3 wherein the deflectors comprise flat flaps partially cut out from the plate and bent relative to the plane of the plate, so that in use they face either upstream or downstream, or both.
- A static mixer according to Claim 2 or 3 in which the deflectors are curved.
- A static mixer according to Claim 4 in which each flap is hingedly attached to the plate at the edge of the associated orifice, so that the flap extends downstream in use and is spring-urged towards the closed position, so that an increase in pressure of the flowing fluid(s) will cause the flaps to open further against the spring action.
- A static mixer according to Claim 2, 3, or 4 additionally provided with one or more pressure-relieving by-pass apertures for a portion of the fluid(s).
- A static mixer according to Claim 7, wherein said apertures are provided with hinged spring-loaded flaps.
- A static mixer according to Claim 1 wherein said single element is in the form of a circular plate (9) having two orifices and associated deflectors (11) arranged symmetrically on either side of a diameter of the plate, each of said orifices and associated deflectors being on the same side of a chord of the plate which chord is perpendicular to said diameter, and a pressure-relieving by-pass aperture disposed symmetrically about the said diameter and on the opposite side of said chord to said orifices and associated deflectors.
- A static mixer according to Claim 9, wherein said pressure-relieving by-pass aperture is provided with means (18) to deflect a by-pass flow passing through said aperture into the region of the pipe where the said streams rotating in opposite senses converge.
- A method of mixing a non-homogenous fluid, or of increasing the turbulence of a fluid, flowing in a pipe (4) which comprises providing a single element (1, 6, 9) in the pipe to divide the flowing fluid into at least two streams (5) within the pipe and to deflect two of the resulting streams so that those streams rotate in opposite senses about axes parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid.
- A method according to Claim 11, wherein said single element comprises a plate (9) transverse to the direction of flow of the fluids having orifices through which the divided streams (5) can separately flow and deflectors (11, 11') to impart the rotation to said streams.
- A method according to Claim 11, wherein the fluid upstream of the mixer is non-homogenous.
- A method according to Claim 13, wherein the fluid is non-homogenous in that it contains regions at different temperatures.
- A method according to Claim 13, wherein the fluid contains two or more different materials.
- A method according to Claim 15, wherein the different materials include materials in at least two of the liquid, solid and gas phases.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88905929T ATE99989T1 (en) | 1987-06-29 | 1988-06-29 | STATIC MIXERS FOR FLOWING MATERIALS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8715174 | 1987-06-29 | ||
GB878715174A GB8715174D0 (en) | 1987-06-29 | 1987-06-29 | Static mixer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0395635A1 EP0395635A1 (en) | 1990-11-07 |
EP0395635B1 true EP0395635B1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
Family
ID=10619736
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88905929A Expired - Lifetime EP0395635B1 (en) | 1987-06-29 | 1988-06-29 | Static mixer for flowing materials |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0395635B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3887164D1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB8715174D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1989000076A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10322922A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2004-12-16 | Fischerwerke Artur Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Static mixer, for mixing at least two components with paste consistency, e.g. in plastics injection molding, has successive mixing elements within pipe, with deflectors to move material to center with low flow resistance |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4323541A1 (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-01-19 | Siemens Ag | Combined mixing and deflection device |
GB9419520D0 (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1994-11-16 | Ic Consultants Limited | A mixer and apparatus for analysing fluid flow |
DE19820992C2 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2003-01-09 | Bbp Environment Gmbh | Device for mixing a gas stream flowing through a channel and method using the device |
RU2457020C1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-07-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Башкирский государственный университет" ГОУ ВПО БашГУ | Static mixer |
JP6382041B2 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2018-08-29 | 旭有機材株式会社 | Fluid mixer |
CN113477115B (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2023-12-05 | 雷米克瑟斯公司 | Static mixer |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2301281A1 (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1976-09-17 | Exxon France | Contacting fluids and atomising liqs. in static appts. - useful for mixing, extn., distn., atomising fuels |
DE2525020C3 (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1985-11-21 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Static mixer for fluids |
CH615113A5 (en) * | 1976-04-29 | 1980-01-15 | Sulzer Ag | |
DE2932656C2 (en) * | 1979-08-11 | 1986-11-20 | Gebr. Bellmer Kg Maschinenfabrik, 7532 Niefern | Mixing device for mixing liquids of different viscosities |
DE3116557A1 (en) * | 1981-04-25 | 1982-11-11 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | DEVICE FOR INVERTING AND MIXING FLOWING SUBSTANCES |
DE8527568U1 (en) * | 1985-09-27 | 1985-12-05 | Kieselmann Gmbh, 7134 Knittlingen | Double tube heat exchanger |
-
1987
- 1987-06-29 GB GB878715174A patent/GB8715174D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-06-29 WO PCT/GB1988/000507 patent/WO1989000076A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1988-06-29 DE DE88905929T patent/DE3887164D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-29 EP EP88905929A patent/EP0395635B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10322922A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2004-12-16 | Fischerwerke Artur Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Static mixer, for mixing at least two components with paste consistency, e.g. in plastics injection molding, has successive mixing elements within pipe, with deflectors to move material to center with low flow resistance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1989000076A1 (en) | 1989-01-12 |
EP0395635A1 (en) | 1990-11-07 |
GB8715174D0 (en) | 1987-08-05 |
DE3887164D1 (en) | 1994-02-24 |
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