EP0394899A1 - Rotor support structure for a turbine with an axial outlet, the bearing at the outlet side being directly and isotropically fastened to the foundation - Google Patents

Rotor support structure for a turbine with an axial outlet, the bearing at the outlet side being directly and isotropically fastened to the foundation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0394899A1
EP0394899A1 EP90107624A EP90107624A EP0394899A1 EP 0394899 A1 EP0394899 A1 EP 0394899A1 EP 90107624 A EP90107624 A EP 90107624A EP 90107624 A EP90107624 A EP 90107624A EP 0394899 A1 EP0394899 A1 EP 0394899A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bearing
exhaust
wall
support system
tie rods
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90107624A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0394899B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Gros
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Alstom Holdings SA
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GEC Alsthom SA
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Publication of EP0394899A1 publication Critical patent/EP0394899A1/en
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Publication of EP0394899B1 publication Critical patent/EP0394899B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F01D25/162—Bearing supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing

Definitions

  • one of the bearings which supports the rotor is integrated in the exhaust bottom.
  • This bearing is held by means of tie rods judiciously placed in the exhaust bottom which transfer the normal and accidental forces of the rotor to the support legs and to the transverse centering of the stator, the legs and the transverse centering of the stator being resting on the raft.
  • each azimuth corresponds to a different stiffness which makes it more difficult to hold the line of trees during significant accidental unbalance.
  • Document FR-A-7 510 810 also discloses a gas turbine installation in which the bearing is held by two crutches connected to the raft.
  • crutches are long and have insufficient stiffness to support large unbalances.
  • One of the aims of the support system according to the invention defined by the claims is to increase the stiffness of the bearing supporting the rotor and to ensure, under better conditions, the bearing behavior with regard to major accidents (for example loss of one last BP fin). This result is further improved when the stiffness of the bearing is isotropic.
  • any unbalance of the rotor cannot excite a specific mode of the structure of the stator.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a known turbine having an axial exhaust 1 forming part of the stator 2.
  • This turbine comprises a bearing 3 supported by a concrete support 4 forming part of a concrete base 5 located on the inlet side 6 and another bearing 7 on the side of the exhaust 1.
  • the bearing 7 comprises a pad 8 and a stirrup 9 which supports the rotor 10 as well as a vapor lining 11.
  • This lining 11 provides a seal between the steam and the atmospheric pressure to which it is connected by a pipe 20.
  • the bearing 7 is supported by tie rods 12 fixed at their ends on the exhaust wall 1.
  • the exhaust 1 is provided with two lateral legs 13 which rest on concrete supports 14 integral with the raft 5.
  • a transverse centering device 15 is located at the bottom of the exhaust.
  • This device 15 comprises two horizontal bars 16 bolted at one end to fasteners 17 secured to the bottom of the exhaust and at the other end to fasteners 18 fixed on the concrete slab 5.
  • the exhaust 1 comprises an intermediate half-piece 19 which can be dismantled by means of two vertical half-flanges.
  • the normal and accidental forces of the rotor 10 are transferred by the tie rods 12 to the wall of the exhaust which transmits them to the legs 13 and or to the centering device 15.
  • tie rods 12 distributed over the entire circumference inside the exhaust are generating a relatively large pressure drop.
  • the rotor 10 of the turbine is supported by two bearings 3 and 7, one located on the intake side 6, the other in the axial exhaust 1.
  • the bearing 3 is supported by a concrete support 4 integral with the concrete slab 5.
  • the bearing 7 comprises a pad 8 on which is fixed a stirrup 9 and a steam lining 11.
  • the lining 11 is brought to atmospheric pressure by a line 20.
  • a vertical concrete wall 21 is provided integral with the raft 5 and provided with a circular opening 22 through which the exhaust 1 passes.
  • the tie rods 12 when they are four are arranged in a cross having a horizontal branch and a vertical branch.
  • the tie rods 12 are provided with sealing bellows 24 at their crossing with the wall of the exhaust 1.
  • the lower part of the exhaust 1 is integral with the stator 2. It is provided with two lateral support legs 13 which rest on the concrete block 14 integral with the raft 5.
  • a transverse centering device 15 of the stator 2 is located on the exhaust side 1. It comprises a key 25 mounted on a concrete support 26 secured to the base 5, said key 25 being trapped in a slide 27 parallel to the axis of the turbine and secured to the exhaust.
  • the supports 4, 14, 26 and the wall 21 are preferably made of concrete and are directly integrated into the raft 5 and constitute with it a solid mass.
  • the uniform azimuth distribution of the tie rods 12 makes it possible to resist accidental forces due to large unbalances in the best conditions.
  • the tie rods 12 necessary for the transmission of these forces are much less numerous than those which should be used in the known system. The pressure losses at the exhaust are thus minimized.
  • the supports 14 supporting the side tabs 13 can be of less massive construction and the centering device 15 can be a simple key device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)

Abstract

The system comprises a wall (21) integral with a concrete raft (5) equipped with a circular orifice (22), through which the outlet (1) passes, and ties or arms (12) pass through the wall of the outlet and are fastened to the wall in order to support the bearing (7) on the outlet side. <??>An increase in the rigidity of the bearing (7) supporting the rotor makes it possible to ensure a higher stability of the bearing towards major accidents, for example, the loss of a last blade (BP). <??>Furthermore, as a result of the separation of the bearing function from the outlet bottom function of the stator, any unbalance of the rotor cannot excite a natural mode of the structure of the stator. <IMAGE>

Description

Dans une turbine, ou partie de turbine à échappement axial l'un des paliers qui supporte le rotor est intégré dans le fond d'échappement.In a turbine, or part of a turbine with axial exhaust, one of the bearings which supports the rotor is integrated in the exhaust bottom.

Ce palier est tenu par l'intermédiaire de tirants judicieusement placés dans le fond d'échappement qui reportent les efforts normaux et accidentels du rotor sur les pattes d'appui et sur le centrage transversal du stator, les pattes et le centrage transversal du stator étant en appui sur le radier.This bearing is held by means of tie rods judiciously placed in the exhaust bottom which transfer the normal and accidental forces of the rotor to the support legs and to the transverse centering of the stator, the legs and the transverse centering of the stator being resting on the raft.

Cette disposition constructive laisse apparaître une certaine faiblesse. En effet le bon comportement dynamique du rotor ainsi que sa sécurité vis-à-vis des grands balourds accidentels exigent du palier une grande raideur difficile à obtenir par le système à tirants.This constructive disposition reveals a certain weakness. Indeed, the good dynamic behavior of the rotor as well as its safety with regard to large accidental unbalances require from the bearing a great stiffness which is difficult to obtain by the tie rod system.

En outre, à chaque azimut correspond une raideur différente ce qui rend plus difficile la tenue de la ligne d'arbres lors de balourds dynamiques accidentels importants.In addition, each azimuth corresponds to a different stiffness which makes it more difficult to hold the line of trees during significant accidental unbalance.

Tous les efforts transitent par le palier ou par l'étrier, les tirants, les pattes d'appui et le centrage transversal du stator et le radier.All the forces pass through the bearing or the stirrup, the tie rods, the support legs and the transverse centering of the stator and the base.

De plus l'augmentation constante de sections échappements conduit à des sollicitations dynamiques de plus en plus importantes dans des stators de dimensions plus grandes encore.In addition, the constant increase in exhaust sections leads to increasing dynamic loads in stators of even larger dimensions.

On connaît également du document FR-A-7 510 810 une installation de turbine à gaz dans laquelle le palier est tenu par deux béquilles reliées au radier.Document FR-A-7 510 810 also discloses a gas turbine installation in which the bearing is held by two crutches connected to the raft.

Une telle installation présentera un mauvais comportement dynamique étant donné que seuls les efforts dans le gens verticaux sont compensés.Such an installation will exhibit poor dynamic behavior since only efforts in vertical people are compensated.

Par contre les efforts importants dans le sens horizontal vont entraîner une forte déformation de la structure.By cons significant efforts in the horizontal direction will cause a strong deformation of the structure.

Enfin les béquilles sont longues et présentent une raideur insuffisante pour supporter les gros balourds.Finally the crutches are long and have insufficient stiffness to support large unbalances.

Un des buts du système de support selon l'invention défini par les revendications est d'augmenter la raideur du palier supportant le rotor et d'assurer dans de meilleures conditions la tenue du palier vis-à-vis d'accidents majeurs (par exemple perte d'une dernière ailette BP). Ce résultat est encore amélioré lorsque la raideur du palier est isotrope. De plus grâce à la séparation de la fonction palier de la fonction stator, tout balourd du rotor ne peut exciter un mode propre de la structure du stator.One of the aims of the support system according to the invention defined by the claims is to increase the stiffness of the bearing supporting the rotor and to ensure, under better conditions, the bearing behavior with regard to major accidents (for example loss of one last BP fin). This result is further improved when the stiffness of the bearing is isotropic. In addition, thanks to the separation of the bearing function from the stator function, any unbalance of the rotor cannot excite a specific mode of the structure of the stator.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui va suivre dans laquelle :

  • Les figures 1 et 2 représentent un système de supportage du rotor pour turbine à échappement axial. Selon les dispositions actuelles en vue de côté et en vue de dos.
  • Les figures 3 et 4 représentent le système de supportage du rotor selon l'invention en vue de côté et en vue de dos.
  • Les figures 5 et 6 représentent le système de supportage du rotor des figures 3 et 4 en perspective vue du côté admission et vue du côté échappement.
The present invention will be better understood in the light of the description which follows in which:
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a rotor support system for an axial exhaust turbine. According to the current arrangements in side view and in back view.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show the rotor support system according to the invention in side view and in back view.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show the rotor support system of Figures 3 and 4 in perspective viewed from the intake side and viewed from the exhaust side.

Les figures 1 et 2 représentent une turbine connue ayant un échappement axial 1 faisant partie du stator 2. Cette turbine comporte un palier 3 supporté par un appui 4 en béton faisant partie d'un radier 5 en béton situé du côté de l'admission 6 et un autre palier 7 du côté de l'échappement 1.Figures 1 and 2 show a known turbine having an axial exhaust 1 forming part of the stator 2. This turbine comprises a bearing 3 supported by a concrete support 4 forming part of a concrete base 5 located on the inlet side 6 and another bearing 7 on the side of the exhaust 1.

Le palier 7 comporte un coussinet 8 et un étrier 9 qui supporte le rotor 10 ainsi qu'une garniture vapeur 11. Cette garniture 11 assure l'étanchéité entre la vapeur et la pression atmosphérique à laquelle elle est reliée par une canalisation 20.The bearing 7 comprises a pad 8 and a stirrup 9 which supports the rotor 10 as well as a vapor lining 11. This lining 11 provides a seal between the steam and the atmospheric pressure to which it is connected by a pipe 20.

Le palier 7 est supporté par des tirants 12 fixés à leurs extrémités sur la paroi d'échappement 1.The bearing 7 is supported by tie rods 12 fixed at their ends on the exhaust wall 1.

L'échappement 1 est muni de deux pattes latérales 13 qui reposent sur des appuis en béton 14 solidaires du radier 5.The exhaust 1 is provided with two lateral legs 13 which rest on concrete supports 14 integral with the raft 5.

Un dispositif de centrage transversal 15 est situé à la partie inférieure de l'échappement. Ce dispositif 15 comporte deux barres horizontales 16 boulonnées à une extrémité sur des attaches 17 solidaires du bas de l'échappement et à l'autre extrémité sur des attaches 18 fixes sur le radier en béton 5.A transverse centering device 15 is located at the bottom of the exhaust. This device 15 comprises two horizontal bars 16 bolted at one end to fasteners 17 secured to the bottom of the exhaust and at the other end to fasteners 18 fixed on the concrete slab 5.

Pour faciliter l'accès au palier 7 sans avoir à démonter la partie supérieure du stator 2, l'échappement 1 comporte une demi-pièce intermédiaire 19 démontable par l'intermédiaire de deux demi-brides verticales.To facilitate access to the bearing 7 without having to dismantle the upper part of the stator 2, the exhaust 1 comprises an intermediate half-piece 19 which can be dismantled by means of two vertical half-flanges.

Les efforts normaux et accidentels du rotor 10 sont reportés par les tirants 12 sur la paroi de l'échappement qui les transmet aux pattes 13 et ou au dispositif de centrage 15.The normal and accidental forces of the rotor 10 are transferred by the tie rods 12 to the wall of the exhaust which transmits them to the legs 13 and or to the centering device 15.

Dans le système de supportage connu en cas de balourds accidentels importants il y a des risques de détérioration du palier 7 et du système de support surtout lorsque les dimensions des pièces en jeu sont très importantes.In the known support system in the event of major accidental unbalances there is a risk of deterioration of the bearing 7 and of the support system especially when the dimensions of the pieces involved are very large.

De plus les tirants 12 répartis sur toute la circonférence à l'intérieur de l'échappement sont générateurs d'une perte de charge relativement importante.In addition the tie rods 12 distributed over the entire circumference inside the exhaust are generating a relatively large pressure drop.

Le système de supportage selon l'invention est représenté sur les figures 3 à 6. Les parties similaires à celles du système connu portent les mêmes références.The support system according to the invention is shown in Figures 3 to 6. Parts similar to those of the known system have the same references.

Le rotor 10 de la turbine est supporté par deux paliers 3 et 7, l'un situé du côté de l'admission 6, l'autre dans l'échappement axial 1.The rotor 10 of the turbine is supported by two bearings 3 and 7, one located on the intake side 6, the other in the axial exhaust 1.

Le palier 3 est supporté par un appui en béton 4 solidaire du radier en béton 5.The bearing 3 is supported by a concrete support 4 integral with the concrete slab 5.

Le palier 7 comporte un coussinet 8 sur lequel est fixé un étrier 9 et une garniture vapeur 11.The bearing 7 comprises a pad 8 on which is fixed a stirrup 9 and a steam lining 11.

La garniture 11 est mise à la pression atmosphérique par une canalisation 20.The lining 11 is brought to atmospheric pressure by a line 20.

Selon l'invention on a prévu un mur vertical en béton 21 solidaire du radier 5 et munie d'une ouverture circulaire 22 à travers laquelle passe l'échappement 1.According to the invention, a vertical concrete wall 21 is provided integral with the raft 5 and provided with a circular opening 22 through which the exhaust 1 passes.

Sur le mur 21 sont ancrés quatre plots 23 autour de l'ouverture 22. A ces plots sont fixés de façon amovible les extrémités de quatre tirants 12 ou plus si nécessaire supportant le palier 7.On the wall 21 are anchored four studs 23 around the opening 22. To these studs are removably attached the ends of four tie rods 12 or more if necessary supporting the bearing 7.

Les tirants 12 lorsqu'ils sont quatre sont disposés en croix ayant une branche horizontale et une branche verticale.The tie rods 12 when they are four are arranged in a cross having a horizontal branch and a vertical branch.

Les tirants 12 sont munis de soufflets d'étanchéité 24 au niveau de leur traversée avec la paroi de l'échappement 1.The tie rods 12 are provided with sealing bellows 24 at their crossing with the wall of the exhaust 1.

La partie inférieure de l'échappement 1 est solidaire du stator 2. Elle est munie de deux pattes d'appuis latérales 13 qui reposent sur le massif en béton 14 solidaires du radier 5.The lower part of the exhaust 1 is integral with the stator 2. It is provided with two lateral support legs 13 which rest on the concrete block 14 integral with the raft 5.

Un dispositif de centrage transversal 15 du stator 2 est situé côté échappement 1. Il comporte une clavette 25 montée sur un appui en béton 26 solidaire du radier 5, ladite clavette 25 étant emprisonnée dans une glissière 27 parallèle à l'axe de la turbine et solidaire de l'échappement.A transverse centering device 15 of the stator 2 is located on the exhaust side 1. It comprises a key 25 mounted on a concrete support 26 secured to the base 5, said key 25 being trapped in a slide 27 parallel to the axis of the turbine and secured to the exhaust.

Les appuis 4, 14, 26 et le mur 21 sont de préférence en béton et sont directement intégrés au radier 5 et constituent avec celui-­ci un massif.The supports 4, 14, 26 and the wall 21 are preferably made of concrete and are directly integrated into the raft 5 and constitute with it a solid mass.

Il est possible de réaliser ces appuis dans une structure acier.It is possible to make these supports in a steel structure.

La transmission des efforts du palier ne passent plus par le stator 2 et l'échappement 1 puisque les tirants 12 sont fixés directement au mur en béton 21 ; le système selon l'invention peut encaisser ainsi de très grands balourds accidentels tout en conservant l'intégrité du supportage du rotor.The transmission of bearing forces no longer pass through the stator 2 and the exhaust 1 since the tie rods 12 are fixed directly to the concrete wall 21; the system according to the invention can thus absorb very large accidental unbalances while retaining the integrity of the support of the rotor.

De plus la répartition uniforme en azimut des tirants 12 permet de résister dans les meilleures conditions à des efforts accidentels dus à de grands balourds.In addition, the uniform azimuth distribution of the tie rods 12 makes it possible to resist accidental forces due to large unbalances in the best conditions.

Les tirants 12 nécessaires à la transmission de ces efforts sont beaucoup moins nombreux que ceux qui devraient être utilisés dans le système connu. Les pertes de charge à l'échappement sont donc ainsi minimisées.The tie rods 12 necessary for the transmission of these forces are much less numerous than those which should be used in the known system. The pressure losses at the exhaust are thus minimized.

Enfin puisque le palier 7 ne transmet pas d'efforts à l'échap­pement 1 les appuis 14 supportant les pattes latérales 13 peuvent être de construction moins massive et le dispositif de centrage 15 peut être un simple dispositif à clavette.Finally since the bearing 7 does not transmit forces to the exhaust 1 the supports 14 supporting the side tabs 13 can be of less massive construction and the centering device 15 can be a simple key device.

L'accès au palier côté échappement se fait par démontage simultané de la demi-partie supérieure 19 et du tirant vertical 12 relié lui même à l'étrier 9 du coussinet. Le tirant 12 devant être évidemment retiré de son plot 23.Access to the bearing on the exhaust side is by simultaneous disassembly of the upper half-part 19 and of the vertical tie rod 12 itself connected to the stirrup 9 of the bearing. The tie rod 12 must obviously be removed from its stud 23.

Claims (7)

1/ Système de support d'une turbine (2) à échappement axial sur un radier en béton (5) dans lequel la partie échappement (1) est munie de pattes (13) posées sur des appuis (14) en béton solidaires du radier (5) et est centré transversalement par des moyens de centrage (15) s'appuyant sur le radier (5), ledit échappement (1) comporte à l'intérieur un palier (7) supportant le rotor (10) de la turbine, ledit palier (7) étant supporté par des tirants ou des bras (12) rayonnant à partir du palier (7),
caractérisé en ce que ledit système comporte un mur (21) solidaire du radier (5) et munie d'une ouverture circulaire (22) à travers laquelle passe l'échappement (1) et en ce que les tirants ou les bras (12) passent à travers la paroi de l'échappement (1) et sont flasqués directement à leurs extrémités sur des plots (23) fixés dans le mur (21) autour de l'ouverture (22).1 / Support system for a turbine (2) with axial exhaust on a concrete slab (5) in which the exhaust part (1) is provided with lugs (13) placed on concrete supports (14) integral with the slab (5) and is centered transversely by centering means (15) resting on the raft (5), said exhaust (1) has inside a bearing (7) supporting the rotor (10) of the turbine, said bearing (7) being supported by tie rods or arms (12) radiating from the bearing (7),
characterized in that said system comprises a wall (21) integral with the raft (5) and provided with a circular opening (22) through which the exhaust (1) passes and in that the tie rods or the arms (12) pass through the wall of the exhaust (1) and are flanged directly at their ends on studs (23) fixed in the wall (21) around the opening (22). 2/ Système de support selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les tirants (12) sont disposés régulièrement autour du palier (7).2 / support system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tie rods (12) are arranged regularly around the bearing (7). 3/ Système de support selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux tirants verticaux (12) et deux tirants horizon­taux (12) disposés en croix.3 / support system according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises two vertical tie rods (12) and two horizontal tie rods (12) arranged in a cross. 4/ Système de support selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les points de passage des tirants (12) à travers la paroi de l'échappement (1) sont munis de soufflets de dilatation (24) assurant l'étanchéité.4 / Support system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the points of passage of the tie rods (12) through the wall of the exhaust (1) are provided with expansion bellows (24) ensuring sealing . 5/ Système de support selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'échappement (1) est centré transversalement par un dispositif à clavette (15).5 / Support system according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the exhaust (1) is centered transversely by a key device (15). 6/ Système de support selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le mur (21) est en béton.6 / Support system according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the wall (21) is concrete. 7/ Système de support selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une garniture vapeur (11) flasquée sur le palier (7) pour assurer l'étanchéité entre la vapeur d'échap­pement et la pression atmosphérique.7 / Support system according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a vapor lining (11) flange on the bearing (7) to seal between the exhaust steam and atmospheric pressure.
EP90107624A 1989-04-26 1990-04-23 Rotor support structure for a turbine with an axial outlet, the bearing at the outlet side being directly and isotropically fastened to the foundation Expired - Lifetime EP0394899B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8905544 1989-04-26
FR8905544A FR2646470B1 (en) 1989-04-26 1989-04-26 ROTOR SUPPORT SYSTEM IN AN AXIAL EXHAUST TURBINE WITH THE ISOTROPICALLY STRAIGHT EXHAUST BEARING, DIRECTLY FLANGE ON THE FOUNDATION

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0394899A1 true EP0394899A1 (en) 1990-10-31
EP0394899B1 EP0394899B1 (en) 1993-03-03

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EP90107624A Expired - Lifetime EP0394899B1 (en) 1989-04-26 1990-04-23 Rotor support structure for a turbine with an axial outlet, the bearing at the outlet side being directly and isotropically fastened to the foundation

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US (1) US5108258A (en)
EP (1) EP0394899B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02301605A (en)
CN (1) CN1021518C (en)
AT (1) ATE86358T1 (en)
CS (1) CS207290A3 (en)
DE (1) DE69000985T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0394899T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2039986T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2646470B1 (en)
MX (1) MX173021B (en)
RU (1) RU1808094C (en)
ZA (1) ZA903192B (en)

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FR2646470B1 (en) 1991-07-05
CS207290A3 (en) 1992-06-17
FR2646470A1 (en) 1990-11-02
DE69000985T2 (en) 1993-06-09
DE69000985D1 (en) 1993-04-08
ZA903192B (en) 1991-01-30
DK0394899T3 (en) 1993-06-14
MX173021B (en) 1994-01-28
CN1046783A (en) 1990-11-07
EP0394899B1 (en) 1993-03-03
CN1021518C (en) 1993-07-07
JPH02301605A (en) 1990-12-13
US5108258A (en) 1992-04-28
RU1808094C (en) 1993-04-07
ATE86358T1 (en) 1993-03-15
ES2039986T3 (en) 1993-10-01

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