EP0393485A1 - Gyrotron quasi-optique - Google Patents

Gyrotron quasi-optique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0393485A1
EP0393485A1 EP90106906A EP90106906A EP0393485A1 EP 0393485 A1 EP0393485 A1 EP 0393485A1 EP 90106906 A EP90106906 A EP 90106906A EP 90106906 A EP90106906 A EP 90106906A EP 0393485 A1 EP0393485 A1 EP 0393485A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonator
quasi
resonators
mirrors
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90106906A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Giorgio Dr. Agosti
Hans-Günter Dr. Mathews
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0393485A1 publication Critical patent/EP0393485A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/025—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators with an electron stream following a helical path

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a quasi-optical gyrotron for generating electromagnetic radiation in the form of mm waves, in which electrons traveling on an electron beam axis are forced to gyrate by a static magnetic field aligned parallel to the electron beam axis and in a resonator of high power, which on a first longitudinal axis of the resonator aligned perpendicular to the electron beam axis, excite an electromagnetic alternating field of high power, so that electromagnetic radiation in the form of mm waves is coupled out at the mirrors.
  • the gyrotron has the greatest possible efficiency.
  • the control resonator packages ("prebunching") the electrons so that they arrive in the subsequent power resonator with a suitable phase position.
  • the effective output of the radiation emitted is of particular interest. It can be seen that the development of high-performance gyrotron (P> 500 kW continuous wave) has its limits in the load capacity of the windows, through which the radiation generated in the resonator is coupled out of the evacuated tube. Even with optimal transparency, these windows would have to heat up so much in the desired performance range that they would break within a very short time.
  • gyrotrons An important aspect of gyrotrons is the large but inevitable expenditure on auxiliary systems (superconducting coils, vacuum system, energy supply). Of course, this should be can be kept as small as possible and be used well at the same time. This is the case, for example, if a system can be used for different purposes.
  • the object of the invention is to design a gyrotron of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that, on the one hand, the highest radiation powers can be generated, but on the other hand the outlay on equipment can be kept to a minimum.
  • the solution is that at least one further resonator of high power is provided, which at least one further resonator also comprises two further mirrors lying on a further longitudinal axis of the resonator, the further longitudinal axis of the resonator likewise lying perpendicular to the electron beam axis and being oriented such that the first and further longitudinal axis of the resonator are rotated relative to one another by a given angle greater than zero.
  • the essence of the invention is that for a given, maximum load on a window, the total output that can be decoupled is increased by ingeniously multiplying the window area available for decoupling. Since the energy of the electron beam can be multiplied without major technical problems, another alternating field of the same strength can also be built up in each of the largely independent power resonators. Depending on the number of power resonators, the total stored energy and the number of RF windows available for decoupling are multiplied.
  • the improvement according to the invention is achieved with the previously known window technology and is essentially based on the special construction of the quasi-optical gyrotron.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the entire system can be used better, since the quasi-optical gyrotron with its modular structure can be expanded in its area of application by installing resonators with different frequencies. This is important, for example, in production engineering applications.
  • the resonators according to the invention fulfill a completely different task than the known control resonators responsible for prebunching the electrons.
  • the power resonators according to the invention do not increase the efficiency of the gyrotron, but rather its overall radiation power and flexibility
  • the main ones are: - Gyrotron with two mirror resonators which are slightly rotated with respect to each other with their axes and which operate at the same or closely adjacent frequency; - Gyrotron with resonators, which vibrate optionally or simultaneously on different harmonic frequencies; Gyrotron, in which the resonators lie essentially in the same plane;
  • the resonators preferably have at least one tiltable mirror, so that each resonator can be deactivated by slightly tilting the resonator mirror in order to increase the efficiency of the remaining active resonators.
  • FIG. 1 shows the essential part of a quasi-optical gyrotron according to the invention in longitudinal section.
  • electrons e ⁇ (from left to right in FIG. 1) run on a helical path first through a control resonator (prebuncher) 2 - represented by two mirrors 3a, 3b - and a drift zone 4 - covered by a magnetic shielding body 5 - Before in a first and a second resonator 6 respectively. 7 occur.
  • the electrons e ⁇ are generated and accelerated by an electron gun (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • the coils 8a and 8b are arranged on the electron beam axis at a distance corresponding to their radius (so-called Helmholtz arrangement). The whole is housed in an evacuated vessel (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • the two coils 8a, 8b are supported against one another by a supporting structure which is provided with bores for the resonators 6, 7 in the gap between the coils 8a, 8b.
  • two resonators 6 and 7 of high power are arranged between the two coils 8a and 8b.
  • Each of the two resonators 6, 7 comprises two mirrors 12a, 12b, respectively. 12c, 12d, which are located opposite each other on a longitudinal axis 10, 11 of the respective resonator 6, 7.
  • Both longitudinal resonator axes 10, 11 are perpendicular to the electron beam axis 1. In addition, they lie essentially in a common plane.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the resonator block along the line shown in FIG. 1. 2, the electron beam axis is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, so that the electrons e ⁇ run towards the viewer.
  • the longitudinal resonator axes 10 and 11 intersect with the electron beam axis 1 and are at an angle to one another ⁇ rotated greater than zero.
  • the angle ⁇ is therefore the angle between a first plane spanned by the first longitudinal axis 10 of the resonator and the electron beam axis 1, and a second plane spanned by the second longitudinal axis 11 of the resonator and the electron beam axis 1.
  • the resonators 6, 7 are accommodated in an evacuated vessel 13 which is provided with four windows 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d which are transparent for mm waves.
  • the desired electromagnetic radiation can exit through each of these windows 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d.
  • the electrons entering the resonators 6, 7 with a precisely defined cyclotron frequency and phase position simultaneously excite an alternating electromagnetic field in both resonators.
  • the alternating fields vibrate at the same frequency, which is typically greater than 100 GHz. This means that the mirrors 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d are essentially all the same and have the same distance from one another in pairs.
  • Each mirror is fixed by a holder suitably attached to the vessel 13. Since the alternating field vibrating in the resonator is coupled out at the edge of the mirror, the holder and the rear of the mirror must also be designed so that the electromagnetic radiation can emerge as freely as possible through the window behind the mirror.
  • At least one of the two mirrors 12a and 12b, respectively. 12c and 12d of the resonators 6 and 7 are movable relative to the corresponding longitudinal axis of the resonator.
  • the Mirrors 12a and 12b respectively. 12c and 12d (and thus in particular also their mirror surfaces) with respect to the respective longitudinal axis 10 of the resonator. 11 tilt and move.
  • the mirrors of a resonator can be adjusted to one another and to the resonance frequency.
  • the quality Q1 of the resonator 6 can be reduced or. be adjusted.
  • the two qualities Q1 and Q2 of the two resonators 6 and 7 can be adapted to one another, so that an equally strong, maximum radiation can be emitted via all four windows 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d. In this case, the total radiation emitted is also maximum for a given maximum load on a window.
  • the cyclotron frequency of the electrons, the resonance frequency of the resonator and the phase position of the electrons entering the resonator must be coordinated.
  • the phase position of the gyrating electrons is suitably prepared in the control resonator 2 and in the subsequent drift zone 4 (“prebunching”), so that the electrons interact optimally with the alternating electromagnetic field oscillating in the resonator. This guarantees optimal efficiency.
  • FIG. 12 An arrangement with a minimal angle ⁇ is shown in FIG. It is determined on the one hand by the distance between the two mirrors 12a and 12b, respectively. 12c and 12d of a resonator 6 respectively. 7, on the other hand by the diameter of the adjacent mirrors 12a and 12c, respectively. 12b and 12d and the space required for coupling out the electromagnetic radiation between the wall of the vessel 13 and the edge of the respective mirror.
  • the angle ⁇ can of course also be reduced by increasing the mirror spacing. Because of the axial Larger mirrors and windows are then required in the direction of the diverging alternating field, which means that more power can also be extracted.
  • the frequency difference is in number depends essentially on the free spectral range of the resonator. If the two mirrors 12a, 12b of the resonator 6 are at a distance of e.g. 400 mm and the alternating electromagnetic field has a wavelength of 1 mm, there is space for 800 half wavelengths between the mirrors. The relative free spectral range is thus about 1/800 i.e. approx. 0.1% of the resonance frequency.
  • a possible area of application for gyrotron with only slightly different mm waves is the heating of a plasma in the case of nuclear fusion.
  • closely adjacent regions of the plasma can be heated in this way.
  • a second variant provides a resonator 7 with a frequency which is in a harmonic relationship to that of the resonator 6. So an alternating field resonates a frequency which is several times that of the other alternating field.
  • the ratio is preferably 2: 1.
  • a quasi-optical gyrotron according to the invention can also be operated with only one of the two resonators. This will be particularly advantageous if the two resonators have different frequencies, each of which is tailored to a specific application. A wide range of applications can be covered with extremely little additional effort. The existing auxiliary equipment will be better used.
  • the angle ⁇ is generally not subject to any restriction.
  • the longitudinal axis of the resonator will lie essentially in a common plane.
  • electromagnetic radiation is coupled out for each mirror.
  • this is not essential for the invention.
  • an RF window is only arranged behind one of the two mirrors.
  • mm-waves are spoken of in the present description, this should in no way be interpreted as restrictive. This simply means a wavelength range, which typically comprises wavelengths of approximately 1 mm and is definitely one to two decades wide.
  • the invention creates a quasi-optical gyrotron which, on the one hand, can achieve a great overall performance and, on the other hand, has a wide range of applications with minimal expenditure on equipment.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
EP90106906A 1989-04-19 1990-04-10 Gyrotron quasi-optique Withdrawn EP0393485A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1490/89 1989-04-19
CH149089 1989-04-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0393485A1 true EP0393485A1 (fr) 1990-10-24

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ID=4211682

Family Applications (1)

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EP90106906A Withdrawn EP0393485A1 (fr) 1989-04-19 1990-04-10 Gyrotron quasi-optique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5144194A (fr)
EP (1) EP0393485A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02299132A (fr)
BR (1) BR9001818A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2690784A1 (fr) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-05 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube hyperfréquence à cavité quasi-optique muni d'un dispositif suppresseur d'oscillation parasite.
NL1040066C2 (nl) * 2013-02-23 2014-08-26 Gerhardus Johannes Jozef Beukeveld Met gyrotrons, die voorzien zijn van supergeleidende magneetspoelen opererend in de persisterende stand van supergeleiding, worden watermoleculen vanuit de vloeibare- en/of gasfase verhit tot hete stoom, waarmee turbines zijn aan te drijven, die via generatoren elektriciteit opwekken en/of stuwkracht leveren.

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3365910B1 (fr) * 2015-10-20 2019-09-04 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Production de faisceau d'électrons pour microscope électronique en transmission

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4559475A (en) * 1984-07-12 1985-12-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Quasi-optical harmonic gyrotron and gyroklystron

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU497893A1 (ru) * 1973-02-27 1978-08-15 Masalov S A Генератор дифракционного излучени
SU749278A2 (ru) * 1979-01-26 1982-09-23 Институт радиофизики и электроники АН УССР Генератор дифракционного излучени
FR2542504B1 (fr) * 1983-03-11 1986-02-21 Thomson Csf Cavite resonnante pour hyperfrequences, en particulier pour generateurs d'energie electromagnetique
JPS6113532A (ja) * 1984-06-28 1986-01-21 Toshiba Corp ジヤイロトロン装置
CH664045A5 (en) * 1984-10-02 1988-01-29 En Physiquedes Plasmas Crpp Ce Quasi-optical gyro-klystron for producing milli-meter waves - comprising resonator, drift-zone, second resonator and two annular field-coils to generate magnetic field
CH670728A5 (en) * 1986-09-08 1989-06-30 En Physiquedes Plasmas Crpp Ce Quasi-optical gyrotron with aspherical concave mirror resonator - improves efficiency of helical electron beam interaction with alternating magnetic field midway between elliptical mirror halves
ES2023680B3 (es) * 1987-03-03 1992-02-01 Centre De Rech En Physique Des Plasmas Girotron de alto rendimiento para obtencion de ondas electromagneticas milimetricas o submilimetricas
JPS6427142A (en) * 1987-07-23 1989-01-30 Toshiba Corp Gyrotron device

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4559475A (en) * 1984-07-12 1985-12-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Quasi-optical harmonic gyrotron and gyroklystron

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS. vol. 61, no. 6, Dezember 1986, LONDON GB Seiten 715 - 727; G. Mourier et al.: "A 100 GHz gyrotron-results and future prospects " *
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES vol. 7, no. 11, 1986, Plenum Publishing Corporation Seiten 1813 - 1822; A. PERRENOUD et al.: "Low power measurements of the quality factor of an open resonator with stepped mirrors" *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2690784A1 (fr) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-05 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube hyperfréquence à cavité quasi-optique muni d'un dispositif suppresseur d'oscillation parasite.
NL1040066C2 (nl) * 2013-02-23 2014-08-26 Gerhardus Johannes Jozef Beukeveld Met gyrotrons, die voorzien zijn van supergeleidende magneetspoelen opererend in de persisterende stand van supergeleiding, worden watermoleculen vanuit de vloeibare- en/of gasfase verhit tot hete stoom, waarmee turbines zijn aan te drijven, die via generatoren elektriciteit opwekken en/of stuwkracht leveren.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9001818A (pt) 1991-11-12
US5144194A (en) 1992-09-01
JPH02299132A (ja) 1990-12-11

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