EP0392988B1 - Procédé pour produire des culasses de cylindre avec plaques de flamme pour des moteurs à combustion interne - Google Patents

Procédé pour produire des culasses de cylindre avec plaques de flamme pour des moteurs à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0392988B1
EP0392988B1 EP90830137A EP90830137A EP0392988B1 EP 0392988 B1 EP0392988 B1 EP 0392988B1 EP 90830137 A EP90830137 A EP 90830137A EP 90830137 A EP90830137 A EP 90830137A EP 0392988 B1 EP0392988 B1 EP 0392988B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light material
die
insert
casting
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90830137A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0392988A1 (fr
Inventor
Valter Stabielli
Salvatore Di Carlo
Andrea Prato
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fiat Auto SpA
Original Assignee
Fiat Auto SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fiat Auto SpA filed Critical Fiat Auto SpA
Publication of EP0392988A1 publication Critical patent/EP0392988A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0392988B1 publication Critical patent/EP0392988B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/26—Flame plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F2001/008—Stress problems, especially related to thermal stress
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/248—Methods for avoiding thermal stress-induced cracks in the zone between valve seat openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/249—Cylinder heads with flame plate, e.g. insert in the cylinder head used as a thermal insulation between cylinder head and combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to the so-called flame plates for the heads of internal combustion engines and more specifically concerns a method of producing heads with such flame plates, that is, of the parts of the head which define the so-called tops of the various cylinders of the engine.
  • seats are provided in the blank casting and are then filled with the material forming the insert.
  • the material is integrated into the seats by fusion, sintering or, if it is preformed, by laser welding or other welding methods.
  • US-A-4 604 779 a method is known for producing a cylinder head using a tubular port liner made of ceramics provided with a covering layer of a refractory fiber as heat insulating layer while the outer circumference of the layer is being cast of metal. More specifically the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of Claim 1, which is known, e.g. from GB-A-892 770.
  • the actual characteristics of the material forming the insert whilst improving its resistance to thermal fatigue, may be critical as regards the location and retention of the insert in the head and may also tend to disturb the propagation of heat through the critical bridge region, perhaps leading to its failure.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing flame plates of the type specified above which does not give rise to the aforementioned problems.
  • this object is achieved by virtue of a method which has the further characteristics called for in Claim 1.
  • the solution according to the invention provides for the use of inserts of a material which has a low coefficient of expansion (typically an aluminium alloy reinforced with ceramic particles or fibres) and is therefore not very susceptible to the thermal expansion which can cause the failure of the bridge, the inserts being connected to the material forming the head by metallurgical adhesion resulting from the surface fusion of the insert during the manufacture of the head.
  • a material which has a low coefficient of expansion typically an aluminium alloy reinforced with ceramic particles or fibres
  • the head (cylinder head) of an internal combustion engine such as a compression-ignition (diesel) engine, is generally indicated 1 and constituted essentially by a shaped body of light material.
  • light material as used in the present description and in the following claims is intended generally to mean any material (aluminium, various alloys) currently known as a "light alloy” and used for manufacturing heads for internal combustion engines, this choice of term being intended to leave out of consideration either whether the material is an alloy proper or the composition thereof, which are irrelevant for the purposes of the invention.
  • the embodiment illustrated is the head 1 of a compression-ignition (diesel) engine including four cylinders with respective top regions defining the so-called flame plates of the head.
  • the head 1 is provided with two holes 2 for defining the valve-mounting seats.
  • the inserts are of aluminium alloy reinforced with fibres (whiskers) or particles of ceramics material.
  • the head 1 is produced by casting in a die (mould), generally indicated 5 in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the die 5 is substantially comparable to a tank with a base wall from which formations (rods) project upwardly for reproducing, in a complementary manner, the shapes of the holes 2 and 3 described above.
  • each cylinder there are two main rods 6 for defining the holes 2 and a third rod 7 for defining the hole 3.
  • the inserts 4 are made so that they can be fitted onto the rods 6 and 7 and remain at a certain distance (for example, of the order of 1.5-2.5 mm) from the upper face of the base wall of the die 5.
  • Ducts are provided in the die 5 for distributing the casting material beneath the base wall, the ducts branching from a main opening 9 situated at the upper end of the die for the introduction of the casting material (light material - as defined above).
  • the distribution ducts 8 open into the die through respective openings 11, 12 situated on the two opposite sides of the die (see particularly the plan view of Figure 2).
  • the openings for distributing the casting material over the two walls are arranged in staggered positions.
  • one side of the die has as many openings 11 as there are cylinders of the head 1. There are therefore four openings, each situated in alignment with the axis of one of the cylinders, that is, aligned with the centre line between the main rods 6 and thus oriented axially of the corresponding cylinder.
  • Openings 12 are provided on the opposite side, of which the central three are in positions intermediate two adjacent cylinders whilst the two end openings are adjacent the end parts of the die 5. All the openings 12 are thus oriented tangentially of at least one corresponding cylinder of the head 1.
  • the die or mould 6 is initially brought to a temperature of not less than 300°C.
  • the inserts 4 are then fitted onto the rod 6, 7, care being taken that the space or gap defined with respect to the base of the die has the prescribed dimensions (from 1.5 to 2.5 mm).
  • the surface of the insert 4 must be activated appropriately before casting by means of sandblasting or at any rate by treatments for removing the surface layer of alumina which is always present on this type of material.
  • the die is then closed and the light material necessary for making the head introduced through the feed opening 9.
  • the material is cast at a temperature of at least 700°C (preferably about 750°C) and is propagated within the die 5, particularly over the entire surfaces of the inserts 4.
  • the immediate heating of the entire surfaces of the latter causes the surface fusion of the inserts 4 and their intimate adhesion to the mass of light material forming the head.
  • the die 5 is then cooled according to known criteria, so as to cool the head which is then removed from the die.
  • the head undergoes mechanical working (levelling) with the primary object of removing the mass of light material which is introduced into the gap or space, indicated 13, between the inserts 4 and the base wall of the die.
  • the working in question causes the inserts 4 to reappear at the outer surface of the head.
  • the mechanical working of the whole head is then carried out (by known techniques) so as, for example, to bring the holes 2 for forming the valve-mounting seats to the required tolerance.
  • Figure 4 shows the microstructural appearance of the interface region between the material of one of the inserts 4 and the mass of light material of the head, generally indicated L.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé pour réaliser des culasses de cylindres (1) de moteurs à combustion interne, ces culasses comprenant une masse (L) en matériau léger avec au moins un insert incorporé (4) en matériau résistant thermiquement, dans lequel ledit au moins un insert (4) est placé dans le matériau léger par coulée, procédé dans lequel on coule le matériau léger à une température propre à provoquer une fusion de surface dudit insert (4) de façon à assurer une adhésion métallurgique (40) entre ledit insert (4) et la masse de matériau léger (L), caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un insert (4) est sensiblement constitué d'un alliage d'aluminium renforcé avec un matériau céramique sous la forme de fibres, ou de whiskers, ou de particules.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau léger est amené à une température d'au moins 700°C.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau léger est amené à une température de l'ordre de 750°C.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau léger est sensiblement constitué d'aluminium.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend l'étape consistant à pourvoir pour la coulée du matériau léger, une matrice (5) ayant généralement la forme d'un réservoir avec une paroi de base, et en ce qu'il comprend l'étape consistant à pourvoir la matrice (5) de formations (6, 7) pour supporter ledit au moins un insert (4) pendant la coulée.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les formations sont réalisées sous la forme de tiges (6, 7) qui se projettent depuis la paroi de base de la matrice (5).
  7. Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que les formations (6, 7) sont réalisées de manière à définir des perçages correspondants (2, 3) à l'intérieur de la plaque de flamme résultante.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les formations (6, 7) sont réalisées de manière à maintenir ledit au moins un insert (4) à une distance donnée de la paroi de base de la matrice, afin de provoquer la formation d'un intervalle respectif (13) qui peut être rempli par une masse du matériau léger pendant la coulée.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la distance donnée est au moins 1,5 mm.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la distance donnée est sensiblement dans la plage de 1,5 à 2,5 mm.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend l'étape consistant à pourvoir la matrice (5) d'au moins une première rangée d'ouvertures (11) et une seconde rangée d'ouvertures (12) pour admettre le matériau léger pendant la coulée, les ouvertures de la première et de la seconde rangée (11, 12) étant dirigées axialement et tangentiellement par rapport à au moins un cylindre de la culasse (1), respectivement.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la matrice (5) est amenée à une température d'au moins 300°C avant la coulée du matériau léger.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la matrice (5) est amenée à une température sensiblement égale à 350°C avant la coulée du matériau léger.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que, après la coulée du matériau léger dans la matrice (5), la culasse de cylindre (1) ainsi formée est refroidie et soumise à un usinage mécanique afin d'enlever la masse de matériau léger qui a été introduite à l'intérieur de l'intervalle respectif (13).
EP90830137A 1989-04-13 1990-04-03 Procédé pour produire des culasses de cylindre avec plaques de flamme pour des moteurs à combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP0392988B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8967274A IT1232718B (it) 1989-04-13 1989-04-13 Procedimento per realizzare i cosidetti piatti-fiamma di teste per motori a combustione interna e relativo prodotto
IT6727489 1989-04-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0392988A1 EP0392988A1 (fr) 1990-10-17
EP0392988B1 true EP0392988B1 (fr) 1995-08-16

Family

ID=11301055

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90830137A Expired - Lifetime EP0392988B1 (fr) 1989-04-13 1990-04-03 Procédé pour produire des culasses de cylindre avec plaques de flamme pour des moteurs à combustion interne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0392988B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9001776A (fr)
DE (1) DE69021614T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1232718B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10133757A1 (de) * 2001-07-11 2003-02-13 Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh Einsatz als Bodenbereich eines Zylinderkopfes
DE10353473B4 (de) * 2003-11-15 2007-02-22 Daimlerchrysler Ag Bauteil einer Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102004001908A1 (de) * 2004-01-14 2005-08-04 Daimlerchrysler Ag Zylinderkopf für eine flüssigkeitsgekühlte Brennkraftmaschine
WO2017082846A1 (fr) 2015-11-11 2017-05-18 Ford Otomotiv Sanayi A. S. Culasse à pièces multiples

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB892770A (en) * 1959-05-04 1962-03-28 Hepworth & Grandage Ltd Improvements in or relating to casting aluminium or aluminium alloys on to ferrous metals
GB2156478A (en) * 1984-03-23 1985-10-09 Dana Corp Composite thermal shield for engine components

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3100755A1 (de) * 1981-01-13 1982-09-02 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Zylinderkopf fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
US4604779A (en) * 1984-02-27 1986-08-12 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Method of producing a cylinder head with a port liner

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB892770A (en) * 1959-05-04 1962-03-28 Hepworth & Grandage Ltd Improvements in or relating to casting aluminium or aluminium alloys on to ferrous metals
GB2156478A (en) * 1984-03-23 1985-10-09 Dana Corp Composite thermal shield for engine components

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0392988A1 (fr) 1990-10-17
DE69021614D1 (de) 1995-09-21
BR9001776A (pt) 1991-06-04
IT8967274A0 (it) 1989-04-13
DE69021614T2 (de) 1996-01-18
IT1232718B (it) 1992-03-04

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