EP0392003A1 - Single-purpose machine for processing lead armatures for manufacturing accumulators - Google Patents
Single-purpose machine for processing lead armatures for manufacturing accumulatorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0392003A1 EP0392003A1 EP89911591A EP89911591A EP0392003A1 EP 0392003 A1 EP0392003 A1 EP 0392003A1 EP 89911591 A EP89911591 A EP 89911591A EP 89911591 A EP89911591 A EP 89911591A EP 0392003 A1 EP0392003 A1 EP 0392003A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- machine
- pieces
- sheets
- accumulators
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237074 Centris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/73—Grids for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
- B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
- B22D25/04—Casting metal electric battery plates or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/82—Multi-step processes for manufacturing carriers for lead-acid accumulators
- H01M4/84—Multi-step processes for manufacturing carriers for lead-acid accumulators involving casting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a single-purpose machine for processing lead armatures for manufacturing accumulators.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET The aim of present invention is to develop a machine (according to figure 1) with axial intake and radial arrangement, with which lead armatures needed for manufacturing accumulators can be made with any option - an alloy or unalloyed lead, with optional thickness and optional geometry of grids (as it becomes abvious from figs. 3a and 3b), including grids with Ca-alloy and grids of the Coorens-type.
- the high-speed quick-casting process is a complex centrifugal casting method having been realized with a rotary motion, by the aid of which "single-dimensional" a ⁇ d"double-dimensio ⁇ al” castings with proper division can be produced simultaneously and in a high number (mass-production).
- "single-dimensional" a ⁇ d"double-dimensio ⁇ al” castings with proper division can be produced simultaneously and in a high number (mass-production).
- moulds are used for casting lead grids.
- These moulds resp. dies are made of thin aluminium sheets or ceramics forming a packet of sheets, which are covered on both sides with a thicker cover-sheet each. Tangential plane of the sheets is formed by the dividing plane.- On both sides of the sheets a halved profiled cavity is formed and so, that the cavity-halves facing each other form the profiled cavity of the casts. A halved cavity each is to be found on the inner surface of the covering sheets. Profiled sheets having been assembled into a packet form a profile packet.
- N-1 pcs of intermediate profile sheets and 2 pcs of covering sheets having a half- cavity on one side In case, if we intend to cas N-1 pieces of casts, we need for this action N-1 pcs of intermediate profile sheets and 2 pcs of covering sheets having a half- cavity on one side, as it becomes obvious from Figure 2.
- Output of casting process will be fundamentally defined by the number of the profiled cavities within one packet i.e. N pcs; in the centrifugal machine number of the profiled packets to be cast simultaneously amounts to M pieces, wherein cycle-time of casting equals to T/s/:
- profile-packets should be emptied at a high temperature, while lead grids are to be cooled possibly quickly (hardening), at last, in dependence of the alloy used, natural or artificial ageing is required.
- Figure 4 illustrates the version of the apparatus being suitable for mass production.
- the apparatus comprises all structural elements needed for production, arranged in the mechanized line, as follows:
- Preheater is formed as a tunnel, while intake and outtake openings of the tunnel are closed by the "profile packets" Formation of working area complies
- Profile packets are pushing each other forwards owing to the force exerted by the pushing cylinder arranged at the force part of the tunnel.
- profile packets are lead and supported by sliding plates provided with graphite insert. Packets are pushed one by one by the pushing cylinder, as a consequence, at the other end profile packets are leaving one by one.
- Rotary unit There are four identical rotary units provided
- Profile packets are charged resp. removed from below, by means of a lifting cylinder.
- the rotary unit is covered resp. enclosed by a casing, which serves for the purposes of health protection, thermal insulation and aesthetics.
- Said casing is provided with a melt-feeding opening in the axis of rotation.
- Profile packets are to be compressed with a force of lOkN to assure that melt could not escape in course of casting on the dividing plane at a number of re ⁇ volutions of 200/mi ⁇ .
- the mechanism exerting compressive force is actuated by the pushing force of the lifting cylinder .
- Holding means Formation is identical with that of the preheater, as described in the relating chapter, however it works et a lower temperature and smaller output. Holding is most important from two points of view: partly heating energy may be saved, partly quick cooling of lead grids having been cast from tempered lead alloys, from a high temperature, can be achieved. Disassembly means The task of said means lies in to unfold the
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET profile packets to such an extent and for a period, which are needed for allowing the lead grid to fall out from the profile sheets.
- Essentially it is a tank filled with water; keeping at the required temperature is achieved by feeding fresh water controlled with a thermostat(cooling water system with recirculation) .
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention se rapporte à un équipement de coulage par centrifugation avec admission axiale et disposition radiale, qui sert à réaliser des formes pour la préparation d'armatures en plomb en vue de la fabrication d'accumulateurs. Les armatures peuvent être fabriquées en plomb allié ou non allié, avec géométrie des grilles et épaisseur optionnelle, et une vitesse de production extrêmement élevée peut être atteinte. Le moule est fabriqué en feuilles d'aluminium minces ou en céramique ayant la forme d'un paquet de feuilles recouvertes des deux côtés par une plaque de revêtement plus épaisse. Le plan de division est constitué par le plan tangentiel des feuilles. De chaque côté des feuilles est formée une demi-cavité et, ainsi, les demi-cavités situées en face l'une de l'autre forment la cavité profilée du produit coulé. Sur les plaques de revêtement uniquement la surface interne est creuse. On peut obtenir, avec les N-1 pièces de feuilles minces qui ont été pressées entre les deux plaques de revêtement, N pièces de produits coulés. On peut disposer sur l'équipement N pièces de paquets profilés, ce qui permet de produire en un cycle M.N pièces. Grâce au système de moule utilisé pour les feuilles minces, la consommation d'énergie peut être maintenue à un niveau faible et une productivité élevée peut en même temps être obtenue par coulage de plomb sans sublimation, après chauffage du plomb à une température élevée.The present invention relates to centrifugal casting equipment with axial inlet and radial arrangement, which is used to produce forms for the preparation of lead reinforcements for the manufacture of accumulators. The reinforcements can be fabricated from alloyed or unalloyed lead, with optional grid geometry and thickness, and extremely high production speed can be achieved. The mold is made of thin aluminum foils or ceramic in the shape of a packet of foils covered on both sides by a thicker coating plate. The division plane is formed by the tangential plane of the leaves. On each side of the sheets is formed a half-cavity and, thus, the half-cavities located opposite one another form the profiled cavity of the cast product. On the facing plates only the internal surface is hollow. With the N-1 pieces of thin sheets which have been pressed between the two cover plates, N pieces of castings can be obtained. N pieces of profiled packages can be placed on the equipment, which makes it possible to produce M.N pieces in one cycle. With the mold system used for the thin sheets, the power consumption can be kept low, and at the same time high productivity can be achieved by casting lead without sublimation, after heating the lead to a high temperature.
Description
SINGLE-PURPQSE MACHINE FOR PROCESSING LEAD ARMATURES FOR MANUFACTURING ACCUMULATORS
The invention relates to a single-purpose machine for processing lead armatures for manufacturing accumulators.
As it is well-known from the present practice of manufacturing accumulators, lead armatures (grids, connecting means) needed for production involve serious technical problems in course of processing, endangering simultaneously health.
From the point of view of mechanics we are con- fronted with the main problem, in so far as presently used laddie pouring appliances based on gravity are able to process lead alloyed with antimony (Sb) only with defined parameters (thickness, geometry of grids), involving considerable disadvantages in the field of application, namely with accumulators; accumulators having been prepared with the aforementioned grids tend considerably to self-discharge; a further problem lies in the fact that in order to achieve proper speed of production, in course of processing lead alloy is used to be processed at a high temperature, immediately in the environment of eutectic, resulting in considerable problems in respect to health protection due to the sublimating characteristic of the lead. In such a manner presently used laddie pouring appliances and technology of production - resulting from Physico- technical laws - are unable to meet optimally re¬ quirements of accumulator production.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
The aim of present invention is to develop a machine (according to figure 1) with axial intake and radial arrangement, with which lead armatures needed for manufacturing accumulators can be made with any option - an alloy or unalloyed lead, with optional thickness and optional geometry of grids (as it becomes abvious from figs. 3a and 3b), including grids with Ca-alloy and grids of the Coorens-type.
Owing to the utmost high productiπg velocity of the equipment it is well suitable for high-speed casting - further on HSC - , simultaneously, in comparison to presently applied casting methods based on gravity energy consumed is lower by an order of magnitude.
Accordingly, the high-speed quick-casting process is a complex centrifugal casting method having been realized with a rotary motion, by the aid of which "single-dimensional" aπd"double-dimensioπal" castings with proper division can be produced simultaneously and in a high number (mass-production). Under single- dimensioned casts bars are meant, while as "double- dimensional" products sheets and "planar grids" made of bars are produced.
In course of the HSC-process special moulds are used for casting lead grids. These moulds resp. dies are made of thin aluminium sheets or ceramics forming a packet of sheets, which are covered on both sides with a thicker cover-sheet each. Tangential plane of the sheets is formed by the dividing plane.- On both sides of the sheets a halved profiled cavity is formed and so, that the cavity-halves facing each other form the profiled cavity of the casts. A halved cavity each is to be found on the inner surface of the covering sheets. Profiled sheets having been assembled into a packet form a profile packet.
In case, if we intend to cas N-1 pieces of casts, we need for this action N-1 pcs of intermediate profile sheets and 2 pcs of covering sheets having a half- cavity on one side, as it becomes obvious from Figure 2. Output of casting process will be fundamentally defined by the number of the profiled cavities within one packet i.e. N pcs; in the centrifugal machine number of the profiled packets to be cast simultaneously amounts to M pieces, wherein cycle-time of casting equals to T/s/:
N.M
"1 T pcs/a/ (1) In order to be able to perform casting repeatedly and cyclically, the following operative steps are needed with the profile-packets:
- pre-heating,
- compression
- centrifugal casting
- centrifugal cooling (slightly below temperature of solidification),
- holding according to necessity
- disassembly (emptying the profile-packet)
- manipulation of the profile-packet, as required by the process.
It is necessary that profile-packets should be emptied at a high temperature, while lead grids are to be cooled possibly quickly (hardening), at last, in dependence of the alloy used, natural or artificial ageing is required.
SUBSTITUTE SH' £Ϊ
Interpretation of the denominations, as used in the specification of the process: Normal grid = lead grid built-in into the accumulator twin-grid = a pair of grids cast in one profile-cavity (2 pcs normal grids) intermediate profile sheet = an aluminium sheet, wherein on one sheet- surface one cavity- half of the twin-grid is formed, while on the other sheet surface the other cavity-half for the twin-grid is to be found covering profiled sheet = thicker aluminium sheet covering the packet consisting of the intermediate profiled sheets (2pcs are needed for one packet; on the surface facing inwards of one of the sheets there is one cavity-half of the twin-grid, while on the other surface facing inward the other cavity half for the twin-grid is formed) profile packet = a packet consisting of the intermediate and covering sheets
SUBSTITUTE: SH;
a set = number of pieces of the profile packets which can be simultaneously cast charge for casting = the quantity of lead needed for casting one set, i.e. the product of the number of twin-grids having been cast in one set and of the piece-weight of the twin-grids, cycle time = average interval between two casting processes following one another. Figure 4 illustrates the version of the apparatus being suitable for mass production. The apparatus comprises all structural elements needed for production, arranged in the mechanized line, as follows:
1) melting furnace
2) pump for the lead
3) feeding shaft
4) preheater
5) rotary table with rotary units for four operative steps
6) holding means
7) diesasse bly unit
8) grid cooler
9) transporting, sorting and stacking means for the grids.
Preheater
Preheater is formed as a tunnel, while intake and outtake openings of the tunnel are closed by the "profile packets" Formation of working area complies
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
wuth heat transfer by air-circulation. Profile packets are pushing each other forwards owing to the force exerted by the pushing cylinder arranged at the force part of the tunnel. In the furnace profile packets are lead and supported by sliding plates provided with graphite insert. Packets are pushed one by one by the pushing cylinder, as a consequence, at the other end profile packets are leaving one by one.
As a thermal source for the preheater the traditional electric resistor is used, or one can use a gas- or oil heated radiating tube (Technical University, Budapest was commissioned to test applicability of high-frequency heating in industry. Experiments will be evaluated at the end of 1989). Rotary table
It is a rotary table performing discontinuous revolutions, receiving four rotary units; the table can be fixed in four positions. Operations to be performed in four positions are as follows: - charging the profile packets into the rotary unit,
- casting while performing the rotary motion (centri¬ fugal casting)
- cooling (according to necessity while performing rotary motion) - removal of the rotating packets from the rotary unit.
Putting into rotation (shifting) of the rotary table is realized by friction. drive. Positioning with required accuracy is performed by a separate mechanism.? - Principle of driving, fixing and braking is shown in the kynematic diagramme. Rotary unit There are four identical rotary units provided
SUBSTITUTE SI ~IZET
for. Every one carries four profile packets each, in the middle the distributing shaft is arranged, therefrom melt is flowing radially into the profile packets arranged along the periphery. In position of casting - in case of necessity in cooling position too - continuous rotary motion is performed, while in the position of charging and removal the rotary motion is ciscoπtiπuous .
Profile packets are charged resp. removed from below, by means of a lifting cylinder.
The rotary unit is covered resp. enclosed by a casing, which serves for the purposes of health protection, thermal insulation and aesthetics. Said casing is provided with a melt-feeding opening in the axis of rotation. On the bottom of the casing there is bent-back flange, which receives eventually scattering melt drops.
Profile packets are to be compressed with a force of lOkN to assure that melt could not escape in course of casting on the dividing plane at a number of re¬ volutions of 200/miπ. The mechanism exerting compressive force is actuated by the pushing force of the lifting cylinder .
Holding means Formation is identical with that of the preheater, as described in the relating chapter, however it works et a lower temperature and smaller output. Holding is most important from two points of view: partly heating energy may be saved, partly quick cooling of lead grids having been cast from tempered lead alloys, from a high temperature, can be achieved. Disassembly means The task of said means lies in to unfold the
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
profile packets to such an extent and for a period, which are needed for allowing the lead grid to fall out from the profile sheets.
Several versions of pneumatic and mechanic dis¬ assembly means have been elaborated.
Grid cooler
Essentially it is a tank filled with water; keeping at the required temperature is achieved by feeding fresh water controlled with a thermostat(cooling water system with recirculation) .
Tempering of grids
It is intended to perform ageing (tempering) of lead grids formed into unit-packets in an artificial way in a separate chamber kiln.
Determination of the technology of heat treatment of lead grids alloyed with calcium is in progress.
svBsriTur *- - *-—.**_ ϊ
Claims
1. Single-purpose machine for processing lead aramtures needed for the production of accumulators characteri zed in that the melt (lead or alloyed lead) to be processed is fed axially in course of the rotary motion, while in the forming stroing caskets having been shifted radially from the centre of the rotary disc, work pieces i.e. lead armatures are formed in N-number.
2. Machine as claimed in claim 1, characteri zed i π that forming storing caskets are made preferably of aluminium or ceramics.
3. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized that storing caskets made of aluminium or ceramics are well sutiable for making grids of the Coorrens type.
4. Machine as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 3 characteri zed in that the equipment is well suitable for processing lead, optionally alloyed or unalloyed.
5. Machine as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4 characteri zed that speed of production can be increased by two orders of magnitude, simultane¬ ously energy consumption can be reduced by one order of magnitude.
6 . Machine as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characteri zed in that it is well suitable for processing lead free of sublimation with optional geometry and thickness.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU525588 | 1988-10-12 | ||
| HU885255A HU210034B (en) | 1988-10-12 | 1988-10-12 | Centrifugal casting machine for casting lead gratings of accumulators |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0392003A1 true EP0392003A1 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
Family
ID=10969928
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89911591A Withdrawn EP0392003A1 (en) | 1988-10-12 | 1989-10-12 | Single-purpose machine for processing lead armatures for manufacturing accumulators |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0392003A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4414589A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU210034B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990004267A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1100641A1 (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 2001-05-23 | Akku Botond Fejleszto es Gyarto Korlatolt Felelossegu Tarsagag | Die-forming magazine cassette, method for manufacturing battery lead grids using said magazine cassettes, and equipment accomplishing said method |
| US12451493B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2025-10-21 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Battery grid |
| US11936032B2 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2024-03-19 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Absorbent glass mat battery |
| EP3635805B1 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2023-09-06 | CPS Technology Holdings LLC | Lead-acid battery |
| CN108526443B (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2024-09-27 | 株洲盈定自动化设备科技有限公司 | Shell entering bending device, shell entering bending method and lead-acid storage battery cast welding machine |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE489375C (en) * | 1927-05-01 | 1930-01-16 | James Stanley Crossley | Process for the production of electrodes for accumulators by centrifugal action |
| GB394844A (en) * | 1932-06-20 | 1933-07-06 | Ray Orla Watkins | Improvements in and relating to machines for casting storage-battery grids |
| US2266138A (en) * | 1939-11-03 | 1941-12-16 | Alvy C Yerkey | Grid casting machine |
-
1988
- 1988-10-12 HU HU885255A patent/HU210034B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-10-12 AU AU44145/89A patent/AU4414589A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-10-12 WO PCT/HU1989/000047 patent/WO1990004267A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-10-12 EP EP89911591A patent/EP0392003A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9004267A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4414589A (en) | 1990-05-01 |
| WO1990004267A1 (en) | 1990-04-19 |
| HUT65955A (en) | 1994-08-29 |
| HU210034B (en) | 1995-01-30 |
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Effective date: 19901016 |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19930504 |