EP0389807B1 - Heating appliance heated with liquid fuel - Google Patents

Heating appliance heated with liquid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389807B1
EP0389807B1 EP90103623A EP90103623A EP0389807B1 EP 0389807 B1 EP0389807 B1 EP 0389807B1 EP 90103623 A EP90103623 A EP 90103623A EP 90103623 A EP90103623 A EP 90103623A EP 0389807 B1 EP0389807 B1 EP 0389807B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover
liquid fuel
absorbent body
heating device
device operated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP90103623A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0389807A2 (en
EP0389807A3 (en
Inventor
Klaus Schaale
Hermann Schönberger
Johann Sperl
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Webasto SE
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Webasto SE
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Publication of EP0389807A2 publication Critical patent/EP0389807A2/en
Publication of EP0389807A3 publication Critical patent/EP0389807A3/en
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Publication of EP0389807B1 publication Critical patent/EP0389807B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D3/00Burners using capillary action
    • F23D3/40Burners using capillary action the capillary action taking place in one or more rigid porous bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heater operated with liquid fuel, in particular a vehicle heater, which has an evaporation burner which comprises an absorbent body which can be acted upon by the liquid fuel and which has at least one surface facing a combustion chamber of the heater.
  • a heater in particular a vehicle heater, with an evaporation burner of the type mentioned above is known.
  • the absorbent body is formed, for example, by a fleece.
  • the purpose of this absorbent body is to evaporate the fuel and, in conjunction with correspondingly supplied combustion air, to produce a combustible mixture which is burned in a combustion chamber of the heater with the formation of flames. It has been shown here that local overheating can occur on the surface of the absorbent body facing the combustion chamber, as a result of which the absorbent body is attacked, so that its service life is reduced.
  • the fuel absorbed by the absorbent body is also chemically aggressive and the exhaust gases produced during the combustion can also cause the absorbent body to be attacked.
  • a burner for the regeneration of an exhaust gas filter system in particular in a diesel internal combustion engine, is known, in which a mixture of fuel and combustion air by means of an evaporator in a premixing chamber is processed.
  • the premix prepared in this way is introduced into the combustion chamber via nozzles formed by openings. These openings, which act as nozzles, are formed in a flame-retaining plate and are relatively large.
  • the invention aims to provide a heater operated with liquid fuel, in particular a vehicle heater, in which the evaporation burner and in particular its absorbent body is effectively protected against corrosive attacks and has an extended service life.
  • a heater operated with liquid fuel in particular a vehicle heater, with an evaporation burner which has an absorbent body which can be acted upon by the liquid fuel and which has at least one surface facing a combustion chamber of the heater, is characterized in that at least a large part of the the combustion chamber facing surface of the absorbent body to equalize the heat distribution and the fuel preparation has a cover made of highly corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel sheet, which is sieve-like through a plurality of openings, which have a diameter in the range of about 0.1 to 2.5 mm .
  • the evaporation burner in the heating device according to the invention thus has a sieve-like cover which covers at least the surface of the absorbent body facing the combustion chamber and thereby reduce the thermal and chemical loads on the absorbent body.
  • this cover covers at least the surface of the absorbent body facing the combustion chamber and thereby reduce the thermal and chemical loads on the absorbent body.
  • the cover offers protection of the absorbent body against the chemically aggressive fuel and the exhaust gases generated during combustion in the combustion chamber.
  • the openings of the cover are preferably regularly distributed over the surface thereof which faces the combustion chamber. Such a design is particularly useful in the case of easily vaporizable, liquid fuel such as gasoline.
  • the distance between the openings should preferably be approximately twice as large as the opening diameter.
  • the thickness of the cover should be about 0.25 to 1.0 mm.
  • a suitable diameter size for gasoline as fuel has been found to be about 2 mm or larger. Satisfactory results can still be obtained with diameters up to approximately 5 mm. In the case of diesel as a liquid fuel, opening diameters in the range from approximately 1 mm to approximately 2 mm are considered to be preferred.
  • the cover can also be designed such that it at least partially surrounds the absorbent body, ie the cover also extends at least partially over the peripheral surface of the absorbent body.
  • the cover also serves as a holder for the absorbent body and positions it at a predetermined location in the combustion chamber.
  • the absorbent body can expediently have at least one through opening in order to quickly heat the fuel to the temperature necessary for evaporation.
  • the cover expediently also has a large through opening or a surface area that is free of openings, the diameter of these openings of the cover corresponding approximately to the diameter of the through opening in the absorbent body.
  • the cover is preferably designed such that it also extends over the inner surface of the ring.
  • the cover is preferably formed in one piece in order to enable easy handling and assembly.
  • Cr-Ni steel has proven to be the preferred material for the cover, and preferably the steel grade X 10 CrNi MoTi 1810.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heater operated with liquid fuel, which is a vehicle heater that is installed, for example, as an additional heater or auxiliary heater in a motor vehicle.
  • the area of the heater 1 in which an evaporation burner 2 is arranged is shown on an enlarged scale in FIG. 1.
  • the evaporation burner 2 has an absorbent body 3, which consists for example of a fleece or several layers of fleece.
  • the absorbent body 3 is acted upon by liquid fuel, such as gasoline or oil, which is supplied via a fuel line 4.
  • the absorbent body 3 has a surface 5 which faces a combustion chamber 6 which is delimited by a combustion tube 7 and adjoins the evaporation burner 2 in the axial direction. As is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the combustion chamber 6 is surrounded by a heat exchanger 8 through which a heat transfer medium flows, which can be a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium.
  • a heat transfer medium flows, which can be a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium.
  • heat is released from the hot combustion gases generated in the combustion chamber 6 to the heat transfer medium, whereby the heat transfer medium is heated.
  • the heat carrier heated in this way is then used either directly or indirectly, for example for heating the interior of a motor vehicle.
  • the liquid fuel supplied via the fuel line 4 is evaporated on its surface 5 and an ignitable mixture is generated in this area of the heater 1 in connection with supplied combustion air. This mixture is ignited with an ignition device 9 and a flame forms in the combustion chamber 6.
  • a cover which completely covers the surface 5 of the absorbent body 3 facing the combustion chamber in the example shown in FIG.
  • This cover 10 has a plurality of openings 11, i.e. Openings with a relatively small diameter in the order of about 0.1 mm to about 2.5 mm. These openings 11, which pass through the cover 10, are expediently evenly distributed on the latter, so that the cover 10 is of sieve-like design.
  • the respective distance between the openings 11 is approximately twice as large as the diameter of the respective openings 11.
  • the cover 10 has a thickness in a range from approximately 0.25 to 1.0 mm.
  • the cover 10 is held in the combustion chamber 6, for example, by means of projecting parts 12 which can be distributed over the inner circumference of the combustion tube 7 or which can also be formed, for example, by a continuous, annular part.
  • the cover 10 thereby prevents excessive local heating in the area 5 of the absorbent body 3. Damage to the absorbent body 3 caused by heat can thereby be avoided.
  • the cover 10 serves to protect the absorbent body 3 from the chemically aggressive, liquid fuel which is derived from the absorbent body 3 through the cover 10.
  • the cover 10 prevents hot combustion gases arising during the combustion from attacking the surface 5 of the absorbent body 3. Furthermore, the cover 10 offers protection against mechanical damage to the absorbent body 3, for example when the evaporative burner 2 is installed in the heating device 1. With the aid of the cover 10, the absorbent body 3 can also be arranged repeatedly in the combustion tube 7 at a predetermined location , so that, despite possible dimensional tolerances in the absorbent body 3, a reproducible fuel preparation is obtained in the evaporative burner 2.
  • a variant of an overall designated 10 'cover is shown schematically.
  • the arrangement of the absorbent body 3 corresponds to that shown in FIG. 1.
  • the cover 10 'with the openings 11 extends in the embodiment of FIG. 2 also over the outer circumference 13 of the absorbent body 3 and has a flange-shaped extension 14 at its end.
  • This flange-shaped extension 14 serves to fix the cover 10 'on the combustion chamber 6 delimiting the combustion tube 7.
  • the absorbent body 3 ' has a through opening 15 so that, for example, part of a back wall 16 serving as a carrier is exposed.
  • the absorbent body 3 'associated cover 10 ⁇ also has a large opening 17, i.e. the cover 10 ⁇ is cut out so that the through hole 15 is not covered by the cover 10 ⁇ .
  • the absorbent body 3 ⁇ has a through opening 15 ′ in the upper region, which is aligned with a mouth opening 18 of a fuel line 4 shown in FIG. 1.
  • a large opening 15 ' is provided so that the cover 10 ′′′ does not cover the through opening 15' in Fig. 3b.
  • the same or similar parts as in the embodiment according to FIG. 3a are provided with the same reference symbols.
  • the cover 10 ⁇ ⁇ in Fig. 4 is similar to that shown in Fig. 2 and it is also the through hole 15 of the absorbent body 3 'of the one-piece cover 10 ⁇ ⁇ with its Openings 11 covered.
  • an annular, absorbent body 3 '' ' is inserted into the combustion tube 7 and it is supported by a cover 10 ⁇ ⁇ ', which has openings 11.
  • the cover 10 ⁇ ⁇ ' is designed such that it also covers an inner ring surface 19 of the annular, absorbent body 3' ''.
  • the combustion chamber 6 facing surface 5 'of the annular, absorbent body 3' '' is covered by the cover 10 ⁇ ⁇ '.
  • the cover 10 '' is fixed in the combustion tube 7 with the aid of projecting parts 12, similar to that shown in Fig. 1, in the axial direction.
  • the embodiments of the covers 10... Shown in the figures of the drawing can also be formed by a corresponding wire mesh, which has a correspondingly suitable mesh size.
  • the cover serves in particular to even out the heat distribution and the fuel preparation on the absorbent body 3, .... and it protects the absorbent body 3, .... against thermal, chemical and mechanical loads which increase the service life of the absorbent body 3, .. .. could affect.

Description

Die Erfindung befaßt sich mit einem mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenen Heizgerät, insbesondere Fahrzeugheizgerät, das einen Verdampfungsbrenner hat, der einen mit dem flüssigen Brennstoff beaufschlagbaren, saugfähigen Körper umfaßt, der wenigstens eine einer Brennkammer des Heizgeräts zugewandte Fläche hat.The invention relates to a heater operated with liquid fuel, in particular a vehicle heater, which has an evaporation burner which comprises an absorbent body which can be acted upon by the liquid fuel and which has at least one surface facing a combustion chamber of the heater.

Aus DE-PS 32 33 321 ist ein Heizgerät, insbesondere ein Fahrzeugheizgerät, mit einem Verdampfungsbrenner der vorstehend genannten Art bekannt. Der saugfähige Körper wird hierbei beispielsweise von einem Vlies gebildet. Dieser saugfähige Körper hat die Aufgabe, den Brennstoff zu verdampfen und in Verbindung mit entsprechend zugeleiteter Brennluft ein brennbares Gemisch zu erzeugen, das in einer Brennkammer des Heizgeräts unter Flammenbildung verbrannt wird. Hierbei hat sich gezeigt, daß auf der der Brennkammer zugewandten Oberfläche des saugfähigen Körpers lokale Überhitzungen auftreten können, wodurch der saugfähige Körper angegriffen wird, so daß sich dessen Standzeit verringert. Auch wirkt der vom saugfähigen Körper aufgenommene Brennstoff chemisch aggressiv und auch die bei der Verbrennung entstehenden Abgase können bewirken, daß der saugfähige Körper angegriffen wird.From DE-PS 32 33 321 a heater, in particular a vehicle heater, with an evaporation burner of the type mentioned above is known. The absorbent body is formed, for example, by a fleece. The purpose of this absorbent body is to evaporate the fuel and, in conjunction with correspondingly supplied combustion air, to produce a combustible mixture which is burned in a combustion chamber of the heater with the formation of flames. It has been shown here that local overheating can occur on the surface of the absorbent body facing the combustion chamber, as a result of which the absorbent body is attacked, so that its service life is reduced. The fuel absorbed by the absorbent body is also chemically aggressive and the exhaust gases produced during the combustion can also cause the absorbent body to be attacked.

Aus US-PS 4 459 805 ist ein Brenner für die Regenerierung einer Abgasfilteranlage, insbesondere bei einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei dem in einer Vormischkammer ein Gemisch aus Brennstoff und Brennluft mittels eines Verdampfers aufbereitet wird. Das so aufbereitete Vorgemisch wird über von Öffnungen gebildeten Düsen in die Brennkammer eingeleitet. Diese als Düsen wirkenden Öffnungen sind in einer Flammhalteplatte ausgebildet und relativ groß bemessen.From US-PS 4 459 805 a burner for the regeneration of an exhaust gas filter system, in particular in a diesel internal combustion engine, is known, in which a mixture of fuel and combustion air by means of an evaporator in a premixing chamber is processed. The premix prepared in this way is introduced into the combustion chamber via nozzles formed by openings. These openings, which act as nozzles, are formed in a flame-retaining plate and are relatively large.

Die Erfindung zielt darauf ab, ein mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät, insbesondere ein Fahrzeugheizgerät, bereitzustellen, bei dem der Verdampfungsbrenner und insbesondere dessen saugfähiger Körper wirksam vor korrosiven Angriffen geschützt ist und eine verlängerte Standzeit hat.The invention aims to provide a heater operated with liquid fuel, in particular a vehicle heater, in which the evaporation burner and in particular its absorbent body is effectively protected against corrosive attacks and has an extended service life.

Nach der Erfindung zeichnet sich ein mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät, insbesondere Fahrzeugheizgerät, mit einem Verdampfungsbrenner, der einen mit dem flüssigen Brennstoff beaufschlagbaren, saugfähigen Körper hat, der wenigstens eine einer Brennkammer des Heizgeräts zugewandte Fläche hat, dadurch aus, daß wenigstens ein Großteil der der Brennkammer zugewandten Fläche des saugfähigen Körpers zur Vergleichmäßigung der Wärmeverteilung und der Brennstoffaufbereitung eine Abdeckung aus hochkorrosionsbeständigem und warmfestem Stahlblech aufweist, die von einer Vielzahl von Öffnungen, welche einen Durchmesser im Bereich von etwa 0,1 bis 2,5 mm haben, siebartig durchsetzt ist.According to the invention, a heater operated with liquid fuel, in particular a vehicle heater, with an evaporation burner which has an absorbent body which can be acted upon by the liquid fuel and which has at least one surface facing a combustion chamber of the heater, is characterized in that at least a large part of the the combustion chamber facing surface of the absorbent body to equalize the heat distribution and the fuel preparation has a cover made of highly corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel sheet, which is sieve-like through a plurality of openings, which have a diameter in the range of about 0.1 to 2.5 mm .

Der Verdampfungsbrenner bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Heizgerät weist somit eine siebartige Abdeckung auf, die wenigstens die der Brennkammer zugewandte Fläche des saugfähigen Körpers bedeckt und hierdurch die thermischen und chemischen Belastungen am saugfähigen Körper reduzieren. Zum einen wird mit Hilfe dieser Abdeckung eine Vergleichmäßigung der Wärmeverteilung über die der Brennkammer zugewandte Fläche des saugfähigen Körpers erreicht, so daß sogenannte lokale Überhitzungen vermieden werden. Zum anderen wird auch die Verdampfung des Brennstoffs an dieser Fläche des saugfähigen Körpers vergleichmäßigt. Darüber hinaus bietet die Abdeckung einen Schutz des saugfähigen Körpers gegenüber dem chemisch aggressiv wirkenden Brennstoff und den bei der Verbrennung in der Brennkammer entstehenden Abgasen. Hinsichtlich der Fertigung eines derartigen Verdampfungsbrenners bei einem mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenen Heizgerät hat sich in überraschender Weise ergeben, daß sich mit Hilfe dieser Abdeckung auch Toleranzen bei dem saugfähigen Körper ausgleichen und Lageveränderungen desselben verhindern lassen, so daß man dank dieser Abdeckung eine reproduzierbare Brennstoffaufbereitung erhält. Zugleich schützt die Abdeckung den saugfähigen Körper vor Beschädigungen und Verformungen desselben während des Brennbetriebs des mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenen Heizgeräts.The evaporation burner in the heating device according to the invention thus has a sieve-like cover which covers at least the surface of the absorbent body facing the combustion chamber and thereby reduce the thermal and chemical loads on the absorbent body. On the one hand, with this cover, the heat distribution is evened out over the surface of the absorbent body facing the combustion chamber, so that so-called local overheating is avoided. On the other hand, the evaporation of the fuel on this surface of the absorbent body is evened out. In addition, the cover offers protection of the absorbent body against the chemically aggressive fuel and the exhaust gases generated during combustion in the combustion chamber. With regard to the production of such an evaporation burner in a heater operated with liquid fuel, it has surprisingly been found that tolerances in the absorbent body can also be compensated for with the aid of this cover and changes in position thereof prevented, so that a reproducible fuel preparation is obtained thanks to this cover. At the same time, the cover protects the absorbent body from damage and deformation thereof during the burning operation of the heater operated with liquid fuel.

Vorzugsweise sind die Öffnungen der Abdeckung regelmäßig auf deren Fläche verteilt, die der Brennkammer zugewandt ist. Eine solche Auslegung ist insbesondere bei leicht verdampfbarem, flüssigem Brennstoff, wie Bezin, zweckmäßig.The openings of the cover are preferably regularly distributed over the surface thereof which faces the combustion chamber. Such a design is particularly useful in the case of easily vaporizable, liquid fuel such as gasoline.

Vorzugsweise sollte der Abstand zwischen den Öffnungen etwa doppelt so groß wie der Öffnungsdurchmesser sein. Die Dicke der Abdeckung sollte etwa 0,25 bis 1,0 mm betragen. Als zweckmäßige Durchmessergröße hat sich für Benzin als Brennstoff etwa 2 mm oder größer erwiesen. Bei Durchmessern bis zu etwa 5 mm können noch zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse erhalten werden. Bei Diesel als flüssigem Brennstoff kommen Öffnungsdurchmesser im Bereich von etwa 1 mm bis etwa 2 mm als bevorzugt in Betracht.The distance between the openings should preferably be approximately twice as large as the opening diameter. The thickness of the cover should be about 0.25 to 1.0 mm. A suitable diameter size for gasoline as fuel has been found to be about 2 mm or larger. Satisfactory results can still be obtained with diameters up to approximately 5 mm. In the case of diesel as a liquid fuel, opening diameters in the range from approximately 1 mm to approximately 2 mm are considered to be preferred.

In Abhängigkeit von der Anordnung der Ausbildungsform des saugfähigen Körpers kann die Abdeckung auch derart ausgelegt sein, daß sie den saugfähigen Körper wenigstens teilweise umschließt, d.h. die Abdeckung erstreckt sich auch wenigstens teilweise über die Umfangsfläche des saugfähigen Körpers hinweg. Bei einer solchen Auslegung dient die Abdeckung zugleich als Halterung für den saugfähigen Körper und positioniert denselben an einer vorbestimmten Stelle in der Brennkammer.Depending on the arrangement of the design of the absorbent body, the cover can also be designed such that it at least partially surrounds the absorbent body, ie the cover also extends at least partially over the peripheral surface of the absorbent body. With such a design, the cover also serves as a holder for the absorbent body and positions it at a predetermined location in the combustion chamber.

Bei schwer verdampfbaren Brennstoffen, wie Öl, kann zweckmäßigerweise der saugfähige Körper wenigstens eine Durchgangsöffnung haben, um eine schnell Aufwärmung des Brennstoffs auf die zur Verdampfung notwendige Temperatur zu erreichen. Bei einer solchen Auslegungsform hat die Abdeckung zweckmäßigerweise ebenfalls eine große Durchgangsöffnung, bzw. einen Flächenbereich, der frei von Öffnungen ist, wobei der Durchmesser dieser Öffnungen der Abdeckung etwa dem Durchmesser der Durchgangsöffnung im saugfähigen Körper entspricht.In the case of fuels which are difficult to evaporate, such as oil, the absorbent body can expediently have at least one through opening in order to quickly heat the fuel to the temperature necessary for evaporation. In such a design, the cover expediently also has a large through opening or a surface area that is free of openings, the diameter of these openings of the cover corresponding approximately to the diameter of the through opening in the absorbent body.

Wenn der saugfähige Körper beispielsweise als Ringkörper ausgebildet ist, so ist die Abdeckung vorzugsweise derart beschaffen, daß sie sich auch über die Ringinnenfläche desselben erstreckt.If the absorbent body is designed, for example, as an annular body, the cover is preferably designed such that it also extends over the inner surface of the ring.

Vorzugsweise ist die Abdeckung einteilig ausgebildet, um eine leichte Handhabung und Montage zu ermöglichen. Als bevorzugtes Material für die Abdeckung hat sich Cr-Ni-Stahl erwiesen, und zwar vorzugsweise die Stahlsorte X 10 CrNi MoTi 1810.The cover is preferably formed in one piece in order to enable easy handling and assembly. Cr-Ni steel has proven to be the preferred material for the cover, and preferably the steel grade X 10 CrNi MoTi 1810.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend an Beispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht eines Ausschnittsbereichs einer Brennkammer eines mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenen Heizgeräts mit schematisch angedeutetem Verdampfungsbrenner,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Ansicht einer Ausführungsvariante eines Verdampfungsbrenners für ein mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät,
Fig. 3a und 3b
jeweils schematische Ansichten von alternativen Ausführungsformen eines Verdampfungsbrenners für ein mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät,
Fig. 4
eine schematische Ansicht einer Ausführungsvariante des Verdampfungsbrenners nach Fig.3a, und
Fig. 5
eine schematische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Verdampfungsbrenners für ein mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät.
The invention is explained below using examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
2 shows an enlarged sectional view of a cutout area of a combustion chamber of a heater operated with liquid fuel with a schematically indicated evaporation burner,
Fig. 2
1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment variant of an evaporation burner for a heater operated with liquid fuel,
3a and 3b
each schematic views of alternative embodiments of an evaporative burner for a heater operated with liquid fuel,
Fig. 4
a schematic view of an embodiment of the evaporation burner according to Figure 3a, and
Fig. 5
is a schematic view of another embodiment of an evaporative burner for a heater operated with liquid fuel.

In Fig. 1 ist insgesamt mit 1 ein mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät gezeigt, bei dem es sich um ein Fahrzeugheizgerät handelt, das beispielsweise als Zusatzheizung oder Standheizung in ein Kraftfahrzeug eingebaut wird. In vergrößertem Maßstab ist in Fig. 1 der Bereich des Heizgeräts 1 gezeigt, in dem ein Verdampfungsbrenner 2 angeordnet ist. Der Verdampfungsbrenner 2 hat einen saugfähigen Körper 3, der beispielsweise aus einem Vlies oder mehreren Vlieslagen besteht. Der saugfähige Körper 3 wird mit flüssigem Brennstoff, wie Benzin oder Öl, beaufschlagt, das über eine Brennstoffleitung 4 zugeführt wird. Der saugfähige Körper 3 hat eine Fläche 5, die einer Brennkammer 6 zugewandt ist, welche von einem Brennrohr 7 begrenzt wird und sich in axialer Richtung an den Verdampfungsbrenner 2 anschließt. Wie schematisch in Fig. 1 gezeigt ist, ist die Brennkammer 6 von einem Wärmeübertrager 8 umgeben, der von einem Wärmeträgermedium durchströmt wird, das ein flüssiger oder gasförmiger Wärmeträger sein kann. An dem Wärmeübertrager 8 wird Wärme von den in der Brennkammer 6 erzeugten heißen Verbrennungsgasen an den Wärmeträger abgegeben, wodurch der Wärmeträger aufgeheizt wird. Der so erwärmte Wärmeträger wird dann entweder direkt oder indirekt beispielsweise zur Innenraumbeheizung eines Kraftfahrzeugs genutzt.1 shows a heater operated with liquid fuel, which is a vehicle heater that is installed, for example, as an additional heater or auxiliary heater in a motor vehicle. The area of the heater 1 in which an evaporation burner 2 is arranged is shown on an enlarged scale in FIG. 1. The evaporation burner 2 has an absorbent body 3, which consists for example of a fleece or several layers of fleece. The absorbent body 3 is acted upon by liquid fuel, such as gasoline or oil, which is supplied via a fuel line 4. The absorbent body 3 has a surface 5 which faces a combustion chamber 6 which is delimited by a combustion tube 7 and adjoins the evaporation burner 2 in the axial direction. As is shown schematically in FIG. 1, the combustion chamber 6 is surrounded by a heat exchanger 8 through which a heat transfer medium flows, which can be a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium. At the heat exchanger 8, heat is released from the hot combustion gases generated in the combustion chamber 6 to the heat transfer medium, whereby the heat transfer medium is heated. The heat carrier heated in this way is then used either directly or indirectly, for example for heating the interior of a motor vehicle.

An dem saugfähigen Körper 3 wird der über die Brennstoffleitung 4 zugeführte flüssige Brennstoff an seiner Fläche 5 abgedampft und es wird in diesem Bereich des Heizgeräts 1 ein zündwilliges Gemisch in Verbindung mit zugeführter Brennluft erzeugt. Dieses Gemisch wird mit einer Zündeinrichtung 9 gezündet, und es bildet sich eine Flamme in der Brennkammer 6 aus.At the absorbent body 3, the liquid fuel supplied via the fuel line 4 is evaporated on its surface 5 and an ignitable mixture is generated in this area of the heater 1 in connection with supplied combustion air. This mixture is ignited with an ignition device 9 and a flame forms in the combustion chamber 6.

Wie aus Fig. 1 zu ersehen ist, ist eine insgesamt mit 10 bezeichnete Abdeckung vorgesehen, die die der Brennkammer zugewandte Fläche 5 des saugfähigen Körpers 3 bei dem in Fig.1 gezeigten Beispiel vollständig bedeckt. Diese Abdeckung 10 hat eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen 11, d.h. Öffnungen mit relativ kleinem Durchmesser in der Größenordnung von etwa 0,1 mm bis etwa 2,5 mm. Zweckmäßigerweise sind diese Öffnungen 11, die die Abdeckung 10 durchsetzen, gleichmäßig auf dieser verteilt, so daß die Abdeckung 10 siebartig ausgebildet ist. Der jeweilige Abstand zwischen den Öffnungen 11 ist etwa doppelt so groß wie der Druchmesser der jeweiligen Öffnungen 11. Beispielsweise hat die Abdeckung 10 eine Dicke in einem Bereich von etwa 0,25 bis 1,0 mm.As can be seen from FIG. 1, a cover, generally designated 10, is provided which completely covers the surface 5 of the absorbent body 3 facing the combustion chamber in the example shown in FIG. This cover 10 has a plurality of openings 11, i.e. Openings with a relatively small diameter in the order of about 0.1 mm to about 2.5 mm. These openings 11, which pass through the cover 10, are expediently evenly distributed on the latter, so that the cover 10 is of sieve-like design. The respective distance between the openings 11 is approximately twice as large as the diameter of the respective openings 11. For example, the cover 10 has a thickness in a range from approximately 0.25 to 1.0 mm.

Die Abdeckung 10 ist in der Brennkammer 6 beispielsweise mit Hilfe von vorspringenden Teilen 12 gehalten, die über den Innenumfang des Brennrohrs 7 verteilt sein können oder die auch beispielsweise von einem durchgehenden, ringförmigen Teil gebildet werden können.The cover 10 is held in the combustion chamber 6, for example, by means of projecting parts 12 which can be distributed over the inner circumference of the combustion tube 7 or which can also be formed, for example, by a continuous, annular part.

Die Abdeckung 10 mit den Öffnungen 11, die aus einem hochkorrosionsbeständigen und warmfesten Stahlblech besteht, wie z.B. einem Chrom-Nickel-Stahlblech, zweckmäßigerweise einem Stahl mit der Bezeichnung X 10 CrNi MoTi 1810, bewirkt aufgrund ihres guten Wärmeleitvermögens eine Vergleichmäßigung der Temperaturverteilung bzw. der Wärmeverteilung über die gesamte, der Brennkammer 6 zugewandte Fläche 5 des saugfähigen Körpers 3 hinweg. Die Abdeckung 10 verhindert hierdurch örtliche zu starke Erwärmung im Bereich der Fläche 5 des saugfähigen Körpers 3. Hierdurch lassen sich durch Wärme bedingte Beschädigungen des saugfähigen Körpers 3 vermeiden. Zum anderen dient die Abdeckung 10 dazu, den saugfähigen Körper 3 vor dem chemisch aggressiven, flüssigen Brennstoff zu schützen, der durch die Abdeckung 10 vom saugfähigen Körper 3 abgeleitet wird. Darüber hinaus verhindert die Abdeckung 10, daß bei der Verbrennung entstehende heiße Verbrennungsgase die Fläche 5 des saugfähigen Körpers 3 angreifen. Ferner bietet die Abdeckung 10 einen Schutz vor einer mechanischen Beschädigung des saugfähigen Körpers 3 beispielsweise beim Einbau des Verdampfungsbrenners 2 in das Heizgerät 1. Mit Hilfe der Abdeckung 10 läßt sich ferner der saugfähige Körper 3 an einer vorbestimmten Stelle in wiederholter Weise in dem Brennrohr 7 anordnen, so daß man trotz möglichen Abmessungstoleranzen beim saugfähigen Körper 3 eine reproduzierbare Brennstoffaufbereitung bei dem Verdampfungsbrenner 2 erhält.The cover 10 with the openings 11, which consists of a highly corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel sheet, such as a chrome-nickel steel sheet, expediently a steel with the designation X 10 CrNi MoTi 1810, brings about an equalization of the temperature distribution or due to its good thermal conductivity Heat distribution over the entire surface 5 of the absorbent body 3 facing the combustion chamber 6. The cover 10 thereby prevents excessive local heating in the area 5 of the absorbent body 3. Damage to the absorbent body 3 caused by heat can thereby be avoided. On the other hand, the cover 10 serves to protect the absorbent body 3 from the chemically aggressive, liquid fuel which is derived from the absorbent body 3 through the cover 10. In addition, the cover 10 prevents hot combustion gases arising during the combustion from attacking the surface 5 of the absorbent body 3. Furthermore, the cover 10 offers protection against mechanical damage to the absorbent body 3, for example when the evaporative burner 2 is installed in the heating device 1. With the aid of the cover 10, the absorbent body 3 can also be arranged repeatedly in the combustion tube 7 at a predetermined location , so that, despite possible dimensional tolerances in the absorbent body 3, a reproducible fuel preparation is obtained in the evaporative burner 2.

Insgesamt gesehen wird also mit Hilfe der Abdeckung 10 ,die eine sie durchsetzende Öffnungen 11 hat, erzielt, daß thermische und chemische Belastungen des saugfähigen Körpers 3 des Verdampfungsbrenners 2 reduziert werden und sich hierdurch die Standzeit des saugfähigen Körpers 3 und des Verdampfungsbrenners 2 insgesamt verlängern läßt, so daß sich auch die Wartungsintervalle bei einem solchen Heizgerät 1 verlängern lassen.Seen overall, it is achieved with the aid of the cover 10, which has openings 11 passing through it, that thermal and chemical loads on the absorbent body 3 of the evaporative burner 2 are reduced and the service life of the absorbent body 3 and the evaporative burner 2 can thus be extended overall , so that the maintenance intervals can be extended with such a heater 1.

In Fig. 2 ist schematisch eine Ausführungsvariante einer insgesamt mit 10′ bezeichneten Abdeckung gezeigt. Die Anordnung des saugföhigen Körpers 3 entspricht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten. Die Abdeckung 10′ mit den Öffnungen 11 erstreckt sich bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 auch über den Außenumfang 13 des saugfähigen Körpers 3 hinweg und hat an ihrem Ende eine flanschförmige Erweiterung 14. Diese flanschförmige Erweiterung 14 dient zur Festlegung der Abdeckung 10′ an dem die Brennkammer 6 begrenzenden Brennrohr 7.In Fig. 2, a variant of an overall designated 10 'cover is shown schematically. The arrangement of the absorbent body 3 corresponds to that shown in FIG. 1. The cover 10 'with the openings 11 extends in the embodiment of FIG. 2 also over the outer circumference 13 of the absorbent body 3 and has a flange-shaped extension 14 at its end. This flange-shaped extension 14 serves to fix the cover 10 'on the combustion chamber 6 delimiting the combustion tube 7.

In den Fig. 3a und 3b sind weitere Ausführungsvarianten der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 verdeutlicht. Beim Beispiel nach Fig. 3a hat der saugfähige Körper 3′ eine Durchgangsöffnung 15, so daß beispielsweise ein Teil einer als Träger dienenden Rückwand 16 freigelegt ist. Insbesondere bei schwer verdampfbaren flüssigen Brennstoffen, wie Öl, wird hierdurch erreicht, daß der flüssige Brennstoff schnell auf die zu verdampfende notwendige Temperatur im Bereich der Durchgangsöffnung 15 erwärmt wird. Die dem saugfähigen Körper 3′ zugeordnete Abdeckung 10˝ hat ebenfalls eine große Öffnung 17, d.h. die Abdeckung 10˝ ist so ausgeschnitten, daß die Durchgangsöffnung 15 nicht von der Abdeckung 10˝ bedeckt wird.3a and 3b illustrate further design variants of the embodiment according to FIG. 2. In the example of Fig. 3a, the absorbent body 3 'has a through opening 15 so that, for example, part of a back wall 16 serving as a carrier is exposed. In particular in the case of liquid fuels such as oil which are difficult to evaporate, the result is that the liquid fuel is quickly heated to the temperature to be evaporated in the region of the passage opening 15. The absorbent body 3 'associated cover 10˝ also has a large opening 17, i.e. the cover 10˝ is cut out so that the through hole 15 is not covered by the cover 10˝.

In Abweichung zu Fig. 3a weist in Fig. 3b der saugfähige Körper 3˝ im oberen Bereich eine Durchgangsöffnung 15′ auf, die mit einer Mündungsöffnung 18 einer in Fig. 1 gezeigten Brennstoffleitung 4 fluchtet. Auch ist im Falle der Ausführungsvariante nach Fig. 3b in der Abdeckung 10‴ eine große Öffnung 15′ vorgesehen, so daß die Abdeckung 10‴ die Durchgangsöffnung 15′ in Fig. 3b nicht bedeckt.In a deviation from FIG. 3a, in FIG. 3b the absorbent body 3˝ has a through opening 15 ′ in the upper region, which is aligned with a mouth opening 18 of a fuel line 4 shown in FIG. 1. 3b in the cover 10 ‴ a large opening 15 'is provided so that the cover 10 ‴ does not cover the through opening 15' in Fig. 3b.

Bei der Ausführungsvariante nach Fig. 4 sind gleiche oder ähnliche Teile wie bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3a mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. In Abweichung von der in Fig.3a gezeigten Ausführungsform ist die Abdeckung 10˝˝ in Fig. 4 ähnlich wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt ausgebildet und es wird auch die Durchgangsöffnung 15 des saugfähigen Körpers 3′ von der einteilig ausgebildeten Abdeckung 10˝˝ mit ihren Öffnungen 11 bedeckt.In the embodiment variant according to FIG. 4, the same or similar parts as in the embodiment according to FIG. 3a are provided with the same reference symbols. In a departure from the embodiment shown in Fig.3a, the cover 10˝˝ in Fig. 4 is similar to that shown in Fig. 2 and it is also the through hole 15 of the absorbent body 3 'of the one-piece cover 10˝˝ with its Openings 11 covered.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 5 ist ein ringförmiger, saugfähiger Körper 3''' in das Brennrohr 7 eingesetzt und er wird von einer Abdeckung 10˝˝′ gestützt, die Öffnungen 11 aufweist. Die Abdeckung 10˝˝′ ist hierbei derart ausgebildet, daß sie auch eine Ringinnenfläche 19 des ringförmigen, saugfähigen Körpers 3''' bedeckt. Auch ist die der Brennkammer 6 zugewandte Fläche 5′ des ringförmigen, saugfähigen Körpers 3''' von der Abdeckung 10˝˝′ bedeckt. Die Abdeckung 10˝˝′ ist im Brennrohr 7 mit Hilfe von vorspringenden Teilen 12,ähnlich wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt,in axialer Richtung fixiert.5, an annular, absorbent body 3 '' 'is inserted into the combustion tube 7 and it is supported by a cover 10˝˝', which has openings 11. The cover 10˝˝ 'is designed such that it also covers an inner ring surface 19 of the annular, absorbent body 3' ''. Also, the combustion chamber 6 facing surface 5 'of the annular, absorbent body 3' '' is covered by the cover 10˝˝ '. The cover 10 '' is fixed in the combustion tube 7 with the aid of projecting parts 12, similar to that shown in Fig. 1, in the axial direction.

Die in den Figuren der Zeichnung gezeigten Ausführungsformen der Abdeckungen 10 .... können auch von einem entsprechenden Drahtgeflecht gebildet werden, das eine entsprechend geeignete Maschenweite besitzt.The embodiments of the covers 10... Shown in the figures of the drawing can also be formed by a corresponding wire mesh, which has a correspondingly suitable mesh size.

Die Abdeckung dient insbesondere zur Vergleichmäßigung der Wärmeverteilung und der Brennstoffaufbereitung am saugfähigen Körper 3,.... und sie schützt den saugfähigen Körper 3,.... vor thermischen, chemischen und mechanischen Belastungen, welche die Standzeit des saugfähigen Körpers 3,.... beeinträchtigen könnten.The cover serves in particular to even out the heat distribution and the fuel preparation on the absorbent body 3, .... and it protects the absorbent body 3, .... against thermal, chemical and mechanical loads which increase the service life of the absorbent body 3, .. .. could affect.

BezugszeichenReference numerals

11
Heizgerät insgesamtTotal heater
22nd
Verdampfungsbrenner insgesamtTotal evaporative burners
33rd
Saugfähiger Körper in Fig. 1Absorbent body in Fig. 1
3'3 '
Saugfähiger Körper in Fig. 3aAbsorbent body in Fig. 3a
3''3 ''
Saugfähiger Körper in Fig. 3bAbsorbent body in Fig. 3b
3'''3 '' '
Saugfähiger Körper in Fig. 5Absorbent body in Fig. 5
44th
BrennstoffleitungFuel line
5, 5'5, 5 '
Fläche, die der Brennkammer zugewandt istArea facing the combustion chamber
66
BrennkammerCombustion chamber
77
BrennrohrFuel tube
88th
WärmeübertragerHeat exchanger
99
ZündeinrichtungIgnition device
1010th
Abdeckung in Fig. 1Cover in Fig. 1st
10'10 '
Abdeckung in Fig. 2Cover in Fig. 2nd
10''10 ''
Abdeckung in Fig. 3aCover in Fig. 3a
10'''10 '' '
Abdeckung in Fig. 3bCover in Fig. 3b
10''''10 '' ''
Abdeckung in Fig. 4Cover in Fig. 4
10'''''10 '' '' '
Abdeckung in Fig. 5Cover in Fig. 5
1111
Öffnungenopenings
1212th
Vorspringender TeilProjecting part
1313
Außenumfang von saugfähigem Körper 3Outside circumference of absorbent body 3
1414
Flanschförmige ErweiterungFlange-shaped extension
1515
Durchgangsöffnung in Fig. 3aThrough opening in Fig. 3a
15'15 '
Durchgangsöffnung in Fig. 3bThrough opening in Fig. 3b
1616
Trägercarrier
1717th
Große Öffnung in Abdeckung 10''Large opening in cover 10 ''
17'17 '
Große Öffnung in Abdeckung 10'''Large opening in cover 10 '' '
1818th
MündungsöffnungMouth opening
1919th
RinginnenflächeInner ring surface

Claims (9)

  1. A heating device, particularly a motor vehicle heating device operated by means of liquid fuel, comprising a vaporisation burner with an absorbent body which can be acted upon by liquid fuel and which has at least one surface facing the combustion chamber of the heating device, characterised in that in order to equalise the heat distribution and fuel pre-treatment, at least a major part of the surface (5) of the absorbent body (3, 3', 3'', 3''') facing the combustion chamber has a cover (10, 10', 10'', 10''', 10'''', 10''''') of highly corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel sheet which, like a mesh, is traversed by a plurality of apertures (11) having a diameter in the range from about 0.1 to 2.5 mm.
  2. A heating device operated with liquid fuel, in accordance with Claim 1, characterised in that the apertures (11) are regularly distributed over the cover (10' to 10''''').
  3. A heating device operated with liquid fuel, according to one of Claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the distance between the apertures (11) is approximately twice as great as the diameter of the openings.
  4. A heating device operated with liquid fuel, according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the cover (10 to 10''''') is approximately 0.25 to 1.0 mm thick.
  5. A heating device operated with liquid fuel, according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the cover (10' to 10''''') at least partially encloses an absorbent body (3' to 3''').
  6. A heating device operated with liquid fuel according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that in the case of an absorbent body (3', 3'') provided with at least one through-aperture (15, 15'), the cover (10'', 10''') has an associated aperture (17, 17') corresponding substantially to the diameter of the through aperture (15, 15').
  7. A heating device operated with liquid fuel according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that in the case of an annularly constructed absorbent body (3''') the cover (10''''') also extends over the annular inner surface (19).
  8. A heating device operated with liquid fuel according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the cover (10 to 10') is constructed in one piece.
  9. A heating device operated with liquid fuel according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the cover (10 to 10''''') consists of Cr-Ni steel preferably X 10 CrNi MoTi 1810.
EP90103623A 1989-03-31 1990-02-24 Heating appliance heated with liquid fuel Expired - Lifetime EP0389807B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3910424 1989-03-31
DE3910424A DE3910424A1 (en) 1989-03-31 1989-03-31 HEATING DEVICE OPERATED WITH LIQUID FUEL

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0389807A2 EP0389807A2 (en) 1990-10-03
EP0389807A3 EP0389807A3 (en) 1991-11-06
EP0389807B1 true EP0389807B1 (en) 1994-04-13

Family

ID=6377540

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90103623A Expired - Lifetime EP0389807B1 (en) 1989-03-31 1990-02-24 Heating appliance heated with liquid fuel

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US5020991A (en)
EP (1) EP0389807B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2754850B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3910424A1 (en)

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DE102004005267A1 (en) * 2004-02-03 2005-08-25 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Vaporising burner for vehicle heater, has combustion chamber casing with double wall structure
JP2010517226A (en) * 2007-01-22 2010-05-20 ロールス−ロイス・フューエル・セル・システムズ(ユーエス)インコーポレーテッド Multistage combustor and method for starting a fuel cell system
DE102007029202A1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2009-01-08 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Evaporator assembly, in particular for a vehicle heater
US20100319329A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-23 Navin Khadiya Airless thermal regenerator or enhancer with mixer
JP5569628B2 (en) * 2009-09-30 2014-08-13 株式会社Ihi Ignition device
JP5353822B2 (en) 2009-09-30 2013-11-27 株式会社Ihi Ignition device
DE102012100173B4 (en) * 2012-01-10 2014-09-04 Webasto Ag Evaporator burner for a mobile heater
DE102012101576A1 (en) 2012-02-27 2013-08-29 Webasto Ag Evaporator burner with cover for a mobile heater
DE102013220655B4 (en) * 2013-10-14 2016-01-14 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Floor assembly for a combustion chamber assembly of an evaporator burner
DE102013220654B4 (en) * 2013-10-14 2023-10-19 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH Combustion chamber assembly for an evaporator burner
AU2017244041B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2022-12-01 Marine Canada Acquisition Inc. Vehicle heater and controls therefor
DE102016116687B4 (en) * 2016-09-07 2019-12-05 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Combustion chamber assembly for an evaporator burner
WO2018100843A1 (en) 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 株式会社三五 Vaporizing burner
US10316721B1 (en) 2018-04-23 2019-06-11 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc High efficiency mixer for vehicle exhaust system
US10287948B1 (en) 2018-04-23 2019-05-14 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc High efficiency mixer for vehicle exhaust system
US10787946B2 (en) 2018-09-19 2020-09-29 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Heated dosing mixer

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0389807A2 (en) 1990-10-03
EP0389807A3 (en) 1991-11-06
DE3910424A1 (en) 1990-10-04
JPH02287006A (en) 1990-11-27
DE59005310D1 (en) 1994-05-19
JP2754850B2 (en) 1998-05-20
US5020991A (en) 1991-06-04

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