EP0388627B1 - Drop-hammer - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0388627B1
EP0388627B1 EP90102658A EP90102658A EP0388627B1 EP 0388627 B1 EP0388627 B1 EP 0388627B1 EP 90102658 A EP90102658 A EP 90102658A EP 90102658 A EP90102658 A EP 90102658A EP 0388627 B1 EP0388627 B1 EP 0388627B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boring machine
ram boring
control sleeve
section
sleeve
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90102658A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0388627A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Dipl.-Ing. Schmidt
Alfons Dipl.-Ing. Hesse
Gerhard Balve
Franz-Josef Püttmann
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Individual
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Individual
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14Fluid operated hammers
    • E21B4/145Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ram boring machine with an impact piston which is axially displaceable in a housing, the forward and backward movement of which is controlled by an axially loaded control sleeve which engages in a cylinder space of the impact piston and is connected to a supply hose by means of a guide tube, and one or more corresponding control openings in the impact piston.
  • the guide tube being axially displaceably guided between two stops arranged in a guide sleeve arranged at the rear end of the housing.
  • the control sleeve penetrates a guide member fixed to the housing, and stops of the guide member and the control sleeve ensure an axial locking during operation.
  • the control sleeve has a rotationally releasable locking device from the outside, whereby by turning the control sleeve the stop or stops of the guide member or the control sleeve are brought into an axially aligned position with one or more longitudinal recesses of the control sleeve or guide member, so that the control sleeve can be axially displaced .
  • it is first necessary to release the rotation lock for example by pulling on a rope that is carried along, and then to turn the control sleeve in a targeted manner with respect to the guide member, then to move it and finally to lock it again.
  • control sleeve can only be unlocked or locked with difficulty by rotating the supply hose by means of the cable-operated rotary lock, especially if the earth hole is already very deep.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a ram boring machine of the type mentioned in such a way that a reversal under pressure is possible without remote locking.
  • control sleeve is precisely defined in the locked and unlocked state.
  • control sleeve which is rotatably limited in the guide sleeve, is rotated by the supply hose by a certain radian measure from one turning stop to the other turning stop and thereby unlocked in the axial direction.
  • a cylindrical helical spring acting on the control sleeve is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner between the control sleeve and the guide sleeve under torsional prestress.
  • the cylindrical helical spring which is fixed with its ends in the control sleeve and in the guide sleeve under torsional pretension, both the axial pretension and the torsional pretension of the control sleeve can be ensured.
  • the axial preload by the spring is dimensioned so that the control sleeve overcomes the spring preload when the pressure is fully applied and moves the control sleeve backwards. After the control sleeve has hit the axial stop preventing further displacement, the spring under torsional pretension rotates the control sleeve back into the locking position, which is defined by a corresponding rotary stop.
  • the effective pressure is reduced until the axial spring preload is greater than the pressure acting on the control sleeve in the opposite direction.
  • the control sleeve can thus be moved into the front position by rotating the supply hose and there again into the locking position by the torsional pretension of the spring to be brought. Then the pressure can be increased again.
  • Another advantage is that the air pressure in the ram boring machine when reversing from reverse to forward running is always so high that water and dirt can be prevented from entering through the exhaust air openings in the ram boring machine, as is the case when the ram boring machine is at a standstill.
  • the control sleeve can advantageously be connected to the supply hose via a guide tube having two spaced-apart circumferential grooves that form the axial stops and a pipe section with a non-circular cross section, and an opening with a cross section that is complementary to the non-round cross section of the pipe section.
  • An elastic bushing is advantageously arranged between the control sleeve and the guide tube. It can be achieved that the control sleeve, even in the event of manufacturing inaccuracies, slides centrally and without jamming in the cylinder space of the percussion piston.
  • the rotary stops are preferably formed by projections arranged in the circumferential grooves and interacting with the non-circular opening in the guide sleeve.
  • the non-circular cross section of the tube section can be formed by at least one flattening of the circular cross section.
  • the projections can advantageously be formed by at least one circular-arc-shaped section with a radius extending to the flattening and at least two straight surfaces extending tangentially from the circular-arc-shaped section to the radius of the pipe section at a distance from one another.
  • a preferred embodiment is one in which the non-circular cross section of the tube section is formed by two parallel flats and by two projections with diametrically opposite circular arc sections and tangential, straight surfaces adjoining them at an angle of approximately 90 °.
  • it is sufficient to turn the supply hose and thus the control sleeve by 90 ° in order to unlock and axially shift the guide sleeve.
  • the axial preload and the torsional preload of the cylindrical coil spring arranged between the control sleeve and the guide sleeve can be set particularly easily if the ends of the cylindrical coil spring are bent axially according to the invention and engage in pockets in the control sleeve and in the guide sleeve.
  • a plurality of circumferentially distributed pockets can be arranged in the control sleeve and in the guide sleeve, so that the end of the cylindrical helical spring can be inserted into different pockets and the torsional pretension can thereby be changed.
  • the coil spring which is preferably designed as a coil spring, can be wound in such a way that its diameter decreases with increasing torsional preload.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 Only the rear part of a ram boring machine is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the ram boring machine consists of a housing 1 in which a percussion piston 8 moves back and forth. When rushing forward, the head of the percussion piston 8 hits a pin of a percussion tip projecting into the housing 1.
  • a control sleeve 3 is arranged in a sealed manner in a cylinder space 9 of the percussion piston 8.
  • the control sleeve 3 is connected via an elastic bushing 4 to a guide tube 2, which in turn is supported in a guide sleeve 5.
  • the guide sleeve 5 is screwed via a connection 25 to the rear end of the housing 1 and surrounded by a ventilation block 6, via which the compressed air used for pressurization escapes to the outside when the percussion piston 8 has moved back so far over the control sleeve 3 and its control openings 11 behind the control edges of the control sleeve 3 have reached.
  • a supply hose 10, via which compressed air is supplied, is connected to the guide tube 2 in a pressure-tight and rotationally fixed manner.
  • a cylindrical coil spring 7 is arranged between the control sleeve 3 and the guide sleeve 5 and is under axial and torsional prestress.
  • the ends 12 of the coil spring 7 are bent axially and fixed in pockets 13 of both the control sleeve 3 and the guide sleeve 5 against rotation.
  • circumferential grooves acting as stops 14 are arranged at a distance from one another. Between these circumferential grooves 14 there is a tube section 15 of the guide tube 2, which has two parallel flats 17. A recess 16 which is complementary to the cross section of the tube section 15 is arranged in the guide sleeve 5 surrounding the tube section 15.
  • the guide tube 2 can be axially displaced in the guide sleeve 5 when the tube section 15 with its flats 17 is aligned with the recess 16 accordingly.
  • the guide tube 2 can be rotated by 90 ° in the circumferential grooves 14 between two rotary stops 18 designed as projections.
  • the rotation stops (projections) 18 are diametrically opposed arcuate sections 19 and adjoining tangential, straight surfaces 20 are formed, which extend at an angle of 90 ° to each other. These tangential, straight surfaces 20 bear against the inner surfaces of webs 22 of the recess 16; they allow the guide tube 2 to be rotated through 90 ° in the guide sleeve 5.
  • the guide tube 2 Due to the torsional preload of the cylindrical coil spring 7, the guide tube 2 is rotated into a position in which the tube section 15 is rotated by 90 ° to the recess 16 and abuts the webs 22. An axial displacement of the guide tube 2 with the control sleeve 3 is not possible in this position.
  • the guide tube 2 with the control sleeve 3 is in the position shown in FIG. 1, in which the full pressure of the pressure medium supplied via the supply hose 10 reaches the cylinder space 9 through the bore 21 in the guide tube 2, acts on the front surface of the control sleeve 3 a pressure overcoming the pretension of the cylindrical coil spring 7, and the control sleeve 3 with the guide tube 2 is moved back into the position shown in FIG. 2.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Rammbohrgerät mit einem in einem Gehäuse axial verschiebbaren Schlagkolben, dessen Vor- und Rückbewegung durch eine in einen Zylinderraum des Schlagkolbens eingreifende, an einen Versorgungsschlauch mittels eines Führungsrohrs angeschlossene, axial beaufschlagte Steuerhülse und eine oder mehreren korrespondierende Steueröffnungen im Schlagkolben gesteuert wird, wobei das Führungsrohr zwischen zwei in einer am rückwärtigen Ende des Gehäuses angeordneten Führungshülse angeordneten Anschlägen axial verschiebbar geführt ist.The invention relates to a ram boring machine with an impact piston which is axially displaceable in a housing, the forward and backward movement of which is controlled by an axially loaded control sleeve which engages in a cylinder space of the impact piston and is connected to a supply hose by means of a guide tube, and one or more corresponding control openings in the impact piston. the guide tube being axially displaceably guided between two stops arranged in a guide sleeve arranged at the rear end of the housing.

Ein derartiges Rammbohrgerät ist in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 33 15 132 beschrieben. Durch die Federbeaufschlagung der Steuerhülse in Verbindung mit einem durch Druckluft beaufschlagten Ausgleichszylinder wird bei diesem Rammbohrgerät erreicht, daß die Axialstellung der Steuerhülse mit Bezug auf die Führungshülse pneumatisch ausgeglichen ist, so daß sich die Steuerhülse ohne großen Kraftaufwand bei Beaufschlagung mit dem vollen Druck der Druckluft in die vordere Stellung für den Vorwärtslauf bzw. in die hintere Stellung für den Rückwärtslauf durch Zug oder Druck am Versorgungsschlauch bewegen läßt.Such a ram boring machine is described in German Offenlegungsschrift 33 15 132. Due to the spring action of the control sleeve in conjunction with a compensating cylinder acted upon by compressed air, this ram boring machine ensures that the axial position of the control sleeve is pneumatically balanced with respect to the guide sleeve, so that the control sleeve can be effortlessly applied when the full pressure of the compressed air is applied can move the front position for the forward run or in the rear position for the reverse run by pulling or pushing the supply hose.

Ein weiteres Rammbohrgerät ist in der deutschen Patentschrift 23 40 751 beschrieben.Another ram boring machine is described in German Patent 23 40 751.

Bei diesem Rammbohrgerät durchdringt die Steuerhülse ein gehäusefestes Führungsglied, und während des Betriebs gewährleisten Anschläge des Führungsgliedes und der Steuerhülse eine axiale Arretierung. Die Steuerhülse weist eine von außen leicht lösbare Dreharretierung auf, wobei durch Drehen der Steuerhülse das oder die Anschläge des Führungsgliedes oder der Steuerhülse in eine axial fluchtende Lage mit einer oder mehreren Längsaussparungen der Steuerhülse oder Führungsgliedes gebracht werden, so daß sich die Steuerhülse axial verschieben läßt. Zum Umsteuern ist es notwendig, zunächst die Dreharretierung zu lösen, beispielsweise durch Zug an einem mitgeführten Seil, und anschließend die Steuerhülse gezielt gegenüber dem Führungsglied zu verdrehen, dann zu verschieben und schließlich wieder zu arretieren.In this ram boring machine, the control sleeve penetrates a guide member fixed to the housing, and stops of the guide member and the control sleeve ensure an axial locking during operation. The control sleeve has a rotationally releasable locking device from the outside, whereby by turning the control sleeve the stop or stops of the guide member or the control sleeve are brought into an axially aligned position with one or more longitudinal recesses of the control sleeve or guide member, so that the control sleeve can be axially displaced . To change direction, it is first necessary to release the rotation lock, for example by pulling on a rope that is carried along, and then to turn the control sleeve in a targeted manner with respect to the guide member, then to move it and finally to lock it again.

Im Betrieb hat sich bei diesem Rammbohrgerät herausgestellt, daß es sich besonders dann, wenn es weit in das Erdreich vorgedrungen ist, nur sehr schwer von Rücklauf auf Vorlauf umsteuern läßt. Die Steuerhülse muß nämlich im drucklosen Zustand über die volle Länge der Erdbohrung mittels des Versorgungsschlauches in die vordere Position geschoben werden. Hierbei hat sich gezeigt, daß dies nur schwierig durchzuführen ist, insbesondere dann, wenn die Bohrung bei rolligen, nachgiebigen Böden zum Teil eingefallen ist. Das nur im absolut drucklosen Zustand mögliche Umschalten von Rücklauf auf Vorlauf wirkt sich insbesondere in wasserhaltigen Böden nachteilig aus, da in das zum Umsteuern abgeschaltete Gerät schnell Wasser und Schmutz eindringen und das Gerät dann nicht mehr anspringt. Nachteilig ist weiterhin, daß ein Umsteuerseil nachgezogen werden muß, das leicht hängenbleiben und dann ein ungewolltes Umsteuern hervorrufen oder reißen kann.In operation, it has been found with this ram boring machine that it is very difficult to switch from return to forward, especially if it has penetrated far into the ground. The control sleeve must be pushed into the front position over the full length of the earth hole by means of the supply hose. It has been shown here that this is difficult to carry out, especially when the bore has partially sunk into rolling, compliant floors. The switch from return to flow, which is only possible in an absolutely depressurized state, has a disadvantageous effect, in particular in water-containing soils, since water and dirt quickly penetrate into the device which is switched off for reversing and the device then no longer starts. Another disadvantage is that a reversing cable must be retightened, which can easily get caught and then cause or break an unwanted reversal.

Schließlich läßt sich die Steuerhülse über die seilbetätigte Dreharretierung nur schwierig durch Drehen des Versorgungsschlauchs entriegeln bzw. verriegeln, insbesondere wenn die Erdbohrung bereits sehr tief ist.Finally, the control sleeve can only be unlocked or locked with difficulty by rotating the supply hose by means of the cable-operated rotary lock, especially if the earth hole is already very deep.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Rammbohrgerät der eingangs erwähnten Art so zu verbessern, daß ein Umsteuern unter Druck ohne fernbetätigte Arretierungen möglich ist.The invention has for its object to improve a ram boring machine of the type mentioned in such a way that a reversal under pressure is possible without remote locking.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Rammbohrgerät der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch gelöst, daß erfindungsgemäß die drehbare Steuerhülse sowohl axial als auch auf Drehung beaufschlagt ist und das Führungsrohr zusätzliche Drehanschläge zum Ver- und Entriegeln gegenüber der Führungshülse in Axialrichtung aufweist.This object is achieved in a ram boring machine of the type mentioned at the outset in that, according to the invention, the rotatable control sleeve is acted upon both axially and on rotation and the guide tube has additional rotary stops for locking and unlocking with respect to the guide sleeve in the axial direction.

Damit läßt sich erreichen, daß die Lage der Steuerhülse im verriegelten und entriegelten Zustand genau definiert ist. Zum Umsteuern von Vorwärts- auf Rückwärtslauf wird die begrenzt drehbar in der Führungshülse angeordnete Steuerhülse mittels des Versorgungsschlauchs um ein bestimmtes Bogenmaß von einem Drehanschlag zum anderen Drehanschlag verdreht und dadurch in Axialrichtung entriegelt.This can be achieved that the position of the control sleeve is precisely defined in the locked and unlocked state. To switch from forward to reverse running, the control sleeve, which is rotatably limited in the guide sleeve, is rotated by the supply hose by a certain radian measure from one turning stop to the other turning stop and thereby unlocked in the axial direction.

Es empfiehlt sich, daß eine die Steuerhülse beaufschlagende zylindrische Schraubenfeder zwischen der Steuerhülse und der Führungshülse unter Torsionsvorspannung drehfest angeordnet ist. Mittels der zylindrischen Schraubenfeder, die mit ihren Enden in der Steuerhülse und in der Führungshülse unter Torsionsvorspannung festgelegt ist, läßt sich sowohl die axiale Vorspannung als auch die Torsionsvorspannung der Steuerhülse gewährleisten. Die axiale Vorspannung durch die Feder ist so bemessen, daß die Steuerhülse bei voller Druckbeaufschlagung die Federvorspannung überwindet und die Steuerhülse nach rückwärts verschiebt. Nachdem die Steuerhülse auf den ein weiteres Verschieben verhindernden Axialanschlag aufgetroffen ist, dreht die unter Torsionsvorspannung stehende Feder die Steuerhülse zurück in die Verriegelungsstellung, die von einem entsprechenden Drehanschlag definiert wird.It is recommended that a cylindrical helical spring acting on the control sleeve is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner between the control sleeve and the guide sleeve under torsional prestress. By means of the cylindrical helical spring, which is fixed with its ends in the control sleeve and in the guide sleeve under torsional pretension, both the axial pretension and the torsional pretension of the control sleeve can be ensured. The axial preload by the spring is dimensioned so that the control sleeve overcomes the spring preload when the pressure is fully applied and moves the control sleeve backwards. After the control sleeve has hit the axial stop preventing further displacement, the spring under torsional pretension rotates the control sleeve back into the locking position, which is defined by a corresponding rotary stop.

Um von Rückwärtslauf auf Vorwärtslauf umzusteuern, wird der wirksame Druck soweit vermindert, bis die axiale Federvorspannung größer ist als der auf die Steuerhülse in entgegengesetzter Richtung wirkende Druck. Die Steuerhülse kann nach dem Entriegeln somit durch Drehen des Versorgungsschlauchs in die vordere Stellung bewegt und dort durch die Torsionsvorspannung der Feder wieder in die Verriegelungsstellung gebracht werden. Danach kann der Druck wieder erhöht werden.To switch from reverse to forward, the effective pressure is reduced until the axial spring preload is greater than the pressure acting on the control sleeve in the opposite direction. After unlocking, the control sleeve can thus be moved into the front position by rotating the supply hose and there again into the locking position by the torsional pretension of the spring to be brought. Then the pressure can be increased again.

Vor allem genügt zum Umsteuern auf Rückwärtslauf eine Vierteldrehung am Druckluftschlauch, ohne abschalten bzw. den Druck vermindern zu müssen, so daß das Rammbohrgerät beim Rückwärtslauf unter voller Leistung umgesteuert wird. Zwar steht für den Anlauf, beim Wiederumsteuern auf Vorwärtslauf, zunächst ein geringerer Druck zur Verfügung, wenn dieser reduziert wurde, jedoch tritt nicht das Problem auf, daß das Gerät nicht mehr anspringt, wie das nach einem kompletten Stillstand sein kann.Above all, a quarter turn on the compressed air hose is sufficient to switch to reverse without having to switch off or reduce the pressure, so that the ram boring machine is reversed at full power when reversing. Although a lower pressure is initially available for starting, when reversing to forward running, if this has been reduced, there does not occur the problem that the device no longer starts, as can be the case after a complete standstill.

Weiter ist von Vorteil, daß der Luftdruck im Rammbohrgerät beim Umsteuern von Rückwärtslauf auf Vorwärtslauf stets so hoch ist, daß ein Eindringen von Wasser und Schmutz durch die Abluftöffnungen in das Rammbohrgerät vermieden wird, wie das beim Stillstand des Rammbohrgerätes der Fall ist.Another advantage is that the air pressure in the ram boring machine when reversing from reverse to forward running is always so high that water and dirt can be prevented from entering through the exhaust air openings in the ram boring machine, as is the case when the ram boring machine is at a standstill.

Die Steuerhülse kann vorteilhaft mit dem Versorgungsschlauch über ein zwei mit Abstand zueinander angeordnete, die Axialanschläge bildenden Umfangsnuten und einen Rohrabschnitt mit unrundem Querschnitt aufweisendes Führungsrohr verbunden sein und eine Öffnung mit einem zu dem unrunden Querschnitt des Rohrabschnitts komplementären Querschnitt aufweisen.The control sleeve can advantageously be connected to the supply hose via a guide tube having two spaced-apart circumferential grooves that form the axial stops and a pipe section with a non-circular cross section, and an opening with a cross section that is complementary to the non-round cross section of the pipe section.

Vorteilhaft ist zwischen der Steuerhülse und dem Führungsrohr eine elastische Buchse angeordnet. Es läßt sich erreichen, daß die Steuerhülse, auch bei eventuellen Fertigungsungenauigkeiten, zentrisch und ohne zu klemmen im Zylinderraum des Schlagkolbens gleitet.An elastic bushing is advantageously arranged between the control sleeve and the guide tube. It can be achieved that the control sleeve, even in the event of manufacturing inaccuracies, slides centrally and without jamming in the cylinder space of the percussion piston.

Vorzugsweise werden die Drehanschläge durch in den Umfangsnuten angeordnete, mit der unrunden Öffnung in der Führungshülse zusammenwirkende Vorsprünge gebildet. Hierbei kann der unrunde Querschnitt des Rohrabschnitts durch mindestens eine Abflachung des kreisförmigen Querschnitts gebildet sein. Die Vorsprünge können vorteilhaft durch mindestens einen kreisbogenförmigen Abschnitt mit einem bis zur Abflachung reichenden Radius und mindestens zwei im Abstand zueinander tangential vom kreisbogenförmigen Abschnitt zum Radius des Rohrabschnitts verlaufenden, geraden Flächen gebildet sein.The rotary stops are preferably formed by projections arranged in the circumferential grooves and interacting with the non-circular opening in the guide sleeve. In this case, the non-circular cross section of the tube section can be formed by at least one flattening of the circular cross section. The projections can advantageously be formed by at least one circular-arc-shaped section with a radius extending to the flattening and at least two straight surfaces extending tangentially from the circular-arc-shaped section to the radius of the pipe section at a distance from one another.

Bevorzugt ist eine Ausführung, bei der der unrunde Querschnitt des Rohrabschnitts durch zwei parallele Abflachungen und durch zwei Vorsprünge mit diametral gegenüberliegenden kreisbogenförmigen Abschnitten und sich diesen unter einem Winkel von etwa 90° anschließenden tangentialen, geraden Flächen gebildet wird. Bei dieser Ausführung genügt es, den Versorgungsschlauch und damit die Steuerhülse um 90° zu drehen, um die Führungshülse zu entriegeln und axial zu verschieben.A preferred embodiment is one in which the non-circular cross section of the tube section is formed by two parallel flats and by two projections with diametrically opposite circular arc sections and tangential, straight surfaces adjoining them at an angle of approximately 90 °. In this version, it is sufficient to turn the supply hose and thus the control sleeve by 90 ° in order to unlock and axially shift the guide sleeve.

Die axiale Vorspannung sowie die Torsionsvorspannung der zwischen der Steuerhülse und der Führungshülse angeordneten zylindrischen Schraubenfeder lassen sich besonders einfach einstellen, wenn die Enden der zylindrischen Schraubenfeder erfindungsgemäß axial abgebogen sind und in Taschen in der Steuerhülse und in der Führungshülse eingreifen. In der Steuerhülse und in der Führungshülse können mehrere, umfangsverteilte Taschen angeordnet sein, so daß sich das Ende der zylindrischen Schraubenfeder in unterschiedliche Taschen stecken und dadurch die Torsionsvorspannung verändern läßt.The axial preload and the torsional preload of the cylindrical coil spring arranged between the control sleeve and the guide sleeve can be set particularly easily if the ends of the cylindrical coil spring are bent axially according to the invention and engage in pockets in the control sleeve and in the guide sleeve. A plurality of circumferentially distributed pockets can be arranged in the control sleeve and in the guide sleeve, so that the end of the cylindrical helical spring can be inserted into different pockets and the torsional pretension can thereby be changed.

Damit die zylindrische Schraubenfeder beim Verdrehen des Versorgungsschlauchs den Schlagkolben nicht blockiert, kann die vorzugsweise als Wickelfeder ausgebildete Schraubenfeder so gewickelt sein, daß sich ihr Durchmesser mit zunehmender Torsionsvorspannung verkleinert.So that the cylindrical coil spring does not block the percussion piston when the supply hose is rotated, the coil spring, which is preferably designed as a coil spring, can be wound in such a way that its diameter decreases with increasing torsional preload.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels des näheren erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Schnitt eines teilweise dargestellten Rammbohrgeräts mit auf Vorwärtslauf eingestellter Steuerhülse;
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt eines teilweise dargestellten Rammbohrgeräts mit auf Rückwärtslauf eingestellter Steuerhülse;
Fig. 3
das Rammbohrgerät gemäß Fig. 1 entlang der Linie III-III geschnitten;
Fig. 4
das Rammbohrgerät gemäß Fig. 1 entlang der Linie IV-IV geschnitten; und
Fig. 5
das Rammbohrgerät gemäß Fig. 1 entlang der Linie V-V geschnitten.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a section of a partially shown ram boring machine with the control sleeve set to forward;
Fig. 2
a section of a partially shown ram boring machine with the control sleeve set to reverse;
Fig. 3
the ram boring machine according to Figure 1 cut along the line III-III;
Fig. 4
the ram boring machine according to Figure 1 cut along the line IV-IV. and
Fig. 5
1 along the line VV.

Von einem Rammbohrgerät ist in Fig. 1 und 2 nur der rückwärtige Teil dargestellt. Das Rammbohrgerät besteht aus einem Gehäuse 1, in dem sich ein Schlagkolben 8 hin- und herbewegt. Beim Vorschnellen trifft der Kopf des Schlagkolbens 8 auf einen in das Gehäuse 1 ragenden Zapfen einer Schlagspitze. Eine Steuerhülse 3 ist in einem Zylinderraum 9 des Schlagkolbens 8 abgedichtet angeordnet. Die Steuerhülse 3 ist über eine elastische Buchse 4 mit einem Führungsrohr 2 verbunden, das seinerseits in einer Führungshülse 5 lagert. Die Führungshülse 5 ist über einen Anschluß 25 mit dem rückwärtigen Ende des Gehäuses 1 verschraubt und von einem Entlüftungsblock 6 umgeben, über den zur Druckbeaufschlagung verwendete Druckluft nach außen entweicht, wenn der Schlagkolben 8 so weit über die Steuerhülse 3 zurückgefahren ist und seine Steueröffnungen 11 hinter die Steuerkanten der Steuerhülse 3 gelangt sind. Mit dem Führungsrohr 2 ist ein Versorgungsschlauch 10, über den Druckluft zugeführt wird, druckdicht und drehfest verbunden.Only the rear part of a ram boring machine is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The ram boring machine consists of a housing 1 in which a percussion piston 8 moves back and forth. When rushing forward, the head of the percussion piston 8 hits a pin of a percussion tip projecting into the housing 1. A control sleeve 3 is arranged in a sealed manner in a cylinder space 9 of the percussion piston 8. The control sleeve 3 is connected via an elastic bushing 4 to a guide tube 2, which in turn is supported in a guide sleeve 5. The guide sleeve 5 is screwed via a connection 25 to the rear end of the housing 1 and surrounded by a ventilation block 6, via which the compressed air used for pressurization escapes to the outside when the percussion piston 8 has moved back so far over the control sleeve 3 and its control openings 11 behind the control edges of the control sleeve 3 have reached. A supply hose 10, via which compressed air is supplied, is connected to the guide tube 2 in a pressure-tight and rotationally fixed manner.

Zwischen der Steuerhülse 3 und der Führungshülse 5 ist eine zylindrische Schraubenfeder 7 angeordnet, die unter Axial-und Torsionsvorspannung steht. Zu diesem Zweck sind die Enden 12 der Schraubenfeder 7 axial abgebogen und in Taschen 13 sowohl der Steuerhülse 3 als auch der Führungshülse 5 gegen Verdrehen festgelegt.A cylindrical coil spring 7 is arranged between the control sleeve 3 and the guide sleeve 5 and is under axial and torsional prestress. For this purpose, the ends 12 of the coil spring 7 are bent axially and fixed in pockets 13 of both the control sleeve 3 and the guide sleeve 5 against rotation.

Im Bereich des rückwärtigen Endes des Führungsrohrs 2 sind als Anschläge 14 wirkende Umfangsnuten mit Abstand zueinander angeordnet. Zwischen diesen Umfangsnuten 14 befindet sich ein Rohrabschnitt 15 des Führungsrohres 2, der zwei parallele Abflachungen 17 aufweist. In der den Rohrabschnitt 15 umschließenden Führungshülse 5 ist eine zu dem Querschnitt des Rohrabschnitts 15 komplementäre Ausnehmung 16 angeordnet. Das Führungsrohr 2 läßt sich in der Führungshülse 5 axial verschieben, wenn der Rohrabschnitt 15 mit seinen Abflachungen 17 zur Ausnehmung 16 entsprechend ausgerichtet ist. Um dies zu erreichen, läßt sich das Führungsrohr 2 zwischen zwei als Vorsprünge ausgebildeten Drehanschlägen 18 in den Umfangsnuten 14 um 90° verdrehen. Die Drehanschläge (Vorsprünge) 18 werden durch diametral gegenüberliegende kreisbogenförmige Abschnitte 19 und sich daran anschließende tangentiale, gerade Flächen 20 gebildet, die unter einem Winkel von 90° zueinander verlaufen. Diese tangentialen, geraden Flächen 20 liegen an den Innenflächen von Stegen 22 der Ausnehmung 16 an; sie erlauben es, das Führungsrohr 2 um 90° in der Führungshülse 5 zu verdrehen.In the region of the rear end of the guide tube 2, circumferential grooves acting as stops 14 are arranged at a distance from one another. Between these circumferential grooves 14 there is a tube section 15 of the guide tube 2, which has two parallel flats 17. A recess 16 which is complementary to the cross section of the tube section 15 is arranged in the guide sleeve 5 surrounding the tube section 15. The guide tube 2 can be axially displaced in the guide sleeve 5 when the tube section 15 with its flats 17 is aligned with the recess 16 accordingly. In order to achieve this, the guide tube 2 can be rotated by 90 ° in the circumferential grooves 14 between two rotary stops 18 designed as projections. The rotation stops (projections) 18 are diametrically opposed arcuate sections 19 and adjoining tangential, straight surfaces 20 are formed, which extend at an angle of 90 ° to each other. These tangential, straight surfaces 20 bear against the inner surfaces of webs 22 of the recess 16; they allow the guide tube 2 to be rotated through 90 ° in the guide sleeve 5.

Aufgrund der Torsionsvorspannung der zylindrischen Schraubenfeder 7 wird das Führungsrohr 2 in eine Stellung gedreht, in der der Rohrabschnitt 15 um 90° zu der Ausnehmung 16 verdreht ist und an die Stege 22 anstößt. Ein axiales Verschieben des Führungsrohrs 2 mit der Steuerhülse 3 ist in dieser Stellung nicht möglich.Due to the torsional preload of the cylindrical coil spring 7, the guide tube 2 is rotated into a position in which the tube section 15 is rotated by 90 ° to the recess 16 and abuts the webs 22. An axial displacement of the guide tube 2 with the control sleeve 3 is not possible in this position.

Nach dem Drehen des Führungsrohrs 2 mittels des Versorgungsschlauchs 10 um 90° gelangen der unrunde Rohrabschnitt 15 und die entsprechende, komplementäre Ausnehmung 16 in eine fluchtende Lage, und ein axiales Verschieben ist möglich. Befindet sich das Führungsrohr 2 mit der Steuerhülse 3 in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Stellung, in der der volle Druck des über den Versorgungsschlauch 10 zugeführten Druckmediums über die Bohrung 21 im Führungsrohr 2 in den Zylinderraum 9 gelangt, wirkt auf die Vorderfläche der Steuerhülse 3 ein die Vorspannung der zylindrischen Schraubenfeder 7 überwindender Druck, und die Steuerhülse 3 mit dem Führungsrohr 2 wird in die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Stellung zurückbewegt. Durch die Torsionsvorspannung der zylindrischen Schraubenfeder 7 wird das Führungsrohr 2 in seine Verriegelungsstellung gedreht; in dieser Position ist die Bewegungsbahn des Schlagkolbens 8 dementsprechend so weit zurückverlegt, daß er mit seinem Kopf nicht mehr auf das Vorderende des Gehäuses 1 sondern auf den Anschluß 25 aufschlägt, was den Rückwärtslauf bewirkt.After turning the guide tube 2 by means of the supply hose 10 by 90 °, the non-circular tube section 15 and the corresponding, complementary recess 16 are in an aligned position, and axial displacement is possible. The guide tube 2 with the control sleeve 3 is in the position shown in FIG. 1, in which the full pressure of the pressure medium supplied via the supply hose 10 reaches the cylinder space 9 through the bore 21 in the guide tube 2, acts on the front surface of the control sleeve 3 a pressure overcoming the pretension of the cylindrical coil spring 7, and the control sleeve 3 with the guide tube 2 is moved back into the position shown in FIG. 2. Due to the torsional bias of the cylindrical coil spring 7, the guide tube 2 is rotated into its locking position; in this position, the path of movement of the percussion piston 8 is accordingly shifted back so far that it no longer strikes its head on the front end of the housing 1 but on the connection 25, which causes the backward movement.

Um das Rammbohrgerät wieder auf Vorwärtslauf umzusteuern, genügt es, den Druck zu vermindern, und das Führungsrohr 2 durch Drehen um 90° zu entriegeln. Die axiale Vorspannung der zylindrischen Schraubenfeder 7 reicht dann aus, das Führungsrohr 2 mit der Steuerhülse 3 wieder in die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Stellung zu verschieben.To switch the ram boring machine back to forward, it is sufficient to reduce the pressure and to unlock the guide tube 2 by turning it 90 °. The axial preload of the cylindrical coil spring 7 is then sufficient to move the guide tube 2 with the control sleeve 3 back into the position shown in FIG. 1.

Claims (10)

  1. A ram boring machine having a striking piston (8) that is axially displaceable in a housing (1), wherein the forward and backward movement of the machine is controlled by a control sleeve (3), acted upon axially, that engages in a cylinder chamber (9) of the striking piston (8) and is connected by means of a guide tube (2) to a supply hose (10), and by one or more corresponding control openings (11) in the striking piston, the guide tube (2) being guided axially displaceably between two stops (14, 15) arranged in a guide sleeve (5) located at the rear end of the housing, characterised in that the rotatable control sleeve (3) is acted upon both axially and torsionally and the guide tube (2) has additional rotation stops (18) for locking and unlocking it in the axial direction relative to the guide sleeve (5).
  2. A ram boring machine according to claim 1, characterised in that a cylindrical, helical spring (7) acting on the control sleeve (3) is arranged non-rotatably between the control sleeve (3) and the guide sleeve (5) under torsional prestress.
  3. A ram boring machine according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the control sleeve (3) is connected to the supply hose (10) by means of a guide tube (2) having two spaced peripheral grooves (14) forming the axial stops and a length (15) of the tube with a non-circular cross-section, and that the guide sleeve (5) has an opening (16) with a cross-section complementary to the non-circular cross-section of the tube length (15).
  4. A ram boring machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterised by having an elastic bush (4) arranged between the guide tube (2) and the control sleeve (3).
  5. A ram boring machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that projections (18) cooperating with the non-circular opening (16) in the guide sleeve (5) are provided in the peripheral grooves (14).
  6. A ram boring machine according to claim 3, characterised in that the non-circular cross-section of the tube length (15) comprises at least one flattened part (17) of the circular cross-section.
  7. A ram boring machine according to claim 5 and claim 6, characterised in that the projections (18) are made up of at least one circular section (19) with a radius extending to the flattened part (17) and at least two spaced straight surfaces (20) extending tangentially from the circular section (19) to the radius of the tube length (15).
  8. A ram boring machine according to claim 7, characterised in that the non-circular cross-section of the tube length (15) is made up of two parallel flattened parts (17) and of two projections (18) with diametrically opposed circular sections (19) and tangential, straight surfaces (20) adjoining the sections (19) at an angle of about 90°.
  9. A ram boring machine according to one or more of claims 2 to 8, characterised in that the ends (12) of the cylindrical, helical spring (7) are bent axially and engage in pockets (13) in the control sleeve (3) and in the guide sleeve (5).
  10. A ram boring machine according to one or more of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the cylindrical, helical spring (7) is formed as a volute spring.
EP90102658A 1989-03-23 1990-02-12 Drop-hammer Expired - Lifetime EP0388627B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3909567 1989-03-23
DE3909567A DE3909567A1 (en) 1989-03-23 1989-03-23 RAMM DRILLING DEVICE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0388627A1 EP0388627A1 (en) 1990-09-26
EP0388627B1 true EP0388627B1 (en) 1994-04-06

Family

ID=6377043

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90102658A Expired - Lifetime EP0388627B1 (en) 1989-03-23 1990-02-12 Drop-hammer

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US (1) US5148878A (en)
EP (1) EP0388627B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2672387B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3909567A1 (en)

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DE19652530C2 (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-12-03 Terra Ag Tiefbautechnik Downhole hammer
CA2194079C (en) * 1996-12-19 2005-11-29 Murray P. Craigmile Methods and apparatus for directionally drilling a bore and placing pipe
DE19858519C2 (en) * 1998-12-18 2002-08-29 Tracto Technik Pneumatically reversible ram boring machine
DE10034471B4 (en) * 2000-07-15 2009-08-13 Tracto-Technik Gmbh Spezialmaschinen Ram boring machine
DE10146023B4 (en) * 2001-09-18 2006-02-23 Tracto-Technik Gmbh Control for a percussion drive
US7836976B2 (en) * 2005-10-20 2010-11-23 Allied Construction Products, L.L.C. Underground piercing tool
CN101310088B (en) 2005-11-16 2013-07-03 Tracto技术有限公司 Hammer drilling device with a pneumatic reversing gear
DE102005055032B4 (en) * 2005-11-16 2011-04-21 Tracto-Technik Gmbh Rammbohrgerät with pneumatic reversal
WO2007092993A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-23 R D Sankey Engineering Limited A reversible, percussive, ram-boring machine
US7681658B2 (en) 2007-11-06 2010-03-23 Maurice DUVAL Pneumatic impact tool
DE102009038385B4 (en) 2009-08-24 2014-05-28 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg Rammbohrvorrichtung with a pneumatic drive and a hydraulic reversal of the direction of movement
DE102009038383B4 (en) 2009-08-24 2014-10-16 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg ram drilling apparatus
DE102014011403A1 (en) 2014-08-06 2016-02-11 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg Ram boring machine
DE102015008339A1 (en) * 2015-07-01 2017-01-05 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg "Rammbohrvorrichtung and method for reversing a ram boring device"

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3909567A1 (en) 1990-09-27
EP0388627A1 (en) 1990-09-26
JP2672387B2 (en) 1997-11-05
DE3909567C2 (en) 1993-08-19
US5148878A (en) 1992-09-22
JPH02272189A (en) 1990-11-06

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