EP0384307A1 - Process for producing a digital image of switchgear containing at least one bus bar, and switching devices in an electrical energy distribution network - Google Patents

Abstract

The switching devices are in each case allocated data sets which contain, separately for each connection side, an individual designation of the switching device, its type (from a selection of different types used in the switch gear), its switching state, the allocation to a measurement point, the allocation to a command switching device, which can be activated as a function of the measurement point value, the allocation to the junction node located next in the course of the line, and the allocation of this node to a central node. Lists are provided for the junction nodes, with the measurement points connected thereto and the associated command switching devices as well as the connections to the higher-level central junction nodes. A list is provided with the junction nodes which contains the measurement points with the allocated (cons.) command switching devices. In the case of changes in the switching state, the corresponding entries in the data sets are taken into account, including the changes, emerging therefrom, in the entries in the list of the junction nodes and/or central junction nodes. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for generating a digital image of a switchgear assembly containing at least one busbar and switching devices in an electrical power distribution network.

• 1. Bereitstellen, welche Messtellen und die dazugehörenden kurzschlussfesten Schaltgeräte zu den jeweiligen Schutzbereichen zählen: das Sammelschienen­abbild.
• 2. Überwachen, ob ein Fehlerfall eingetreten ist oder nicht: die Schutz­rechnung;
• 3. Auslösekommandos erstellen und ausgeben;

Special protective devices are used to protect busbars. Their functions consist of three main functions:

• 1. Provide which measuring points and the associated short-circuit-proof switchgear belong to the respective protection areas: the busbar image.
• 2. Monitor whether an error has occurred or not: the protection bill;
• 3. Create and issue trigger commands;

The basic task of the busbar image is to assign the branch currents of a switchgear to the protection areas and to specify which switching devices are to be triggered to switch off a fault in the respective protection area. A protected area is to be understood as a single, galvanically separable busbar section or an interconnection of several busbar sections. The goals to be achieved are:
- quick access of the protection calculation to the associated measuring points;
- Support for extensions after the system has been commissioned without having to re-configure existing parts;
- Ease of configuration; That means less time, no special requirements for the project engineer regarding the implementation technology of the system.

The invention has for its object to develop a method for generating a digital image of a switchgear containing at least one busbar and switching devices, which can be updated quickly when there are changes in the assignments between measuring points and short-circuit proof switching devices due to switch operations

According to the invention, the object is achieved by the features in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

In the method described in claim 1, the generation and updating of the digital "busbar image" is independent of process steps for busbar protection. Advantages of the measures specified in claim 1 are that
- the measuring points are offered sorted by protection zones;
a circuit breaker is assigned to each measuring point;
-The assignment rules and the configuration are invariant with respect to the switchgear structures;
-The configured branches in the installed system can be activated or deactivated as required by the operator.
-restrictable effects of changes in switching states in the process
-through: quick update of the busbar image

The principle of the invention for creating and evaluating the "busbar image" is based on the isolation of process parts as independent, self-sufficient structures that can be classified according to a few specified types. In principle, these basic elements each have two interfaces that are identical in structure. The information currently received in the interfaces is determined by the property of the basic element and its current state. The basic elements are divided into two types (type 1 and type 2). The characteristics lie in the properties that they provide; the interface descriptions are the same for both. The basic element type 1 is the more general one, type 2 is referred to below as the reference element. The reference elements provide additional properties compared to the basic elements of type 1. Examples include the provision of measurement data and the implementation of short-circuit shutdowns. The basic elements are, in particular, switching devices of the switchgear. The interfaces of the basic elements from Type 1 are designated with "A" and "B". Basic elements of type 2 have two "A" interfaces. The basic elements can be linked to one another, interface A being connected to interface B in each case. A linear concatenation can thus be carried out and branching is possible. Some reference elements, such as type 2, are an exception. Only interfaces B are always connected to their interfaces.

The resulting connection nodes are divided into two types: nodes with local meaning and nodes with central meaning. The type assignment is made by definition based on the needs of the process to which the structuring is applied. The chaining of the elements is now carried out in such a way that the interfaces A always point to a central node. I.e. each basic element has a preferred direction - it can be seen as polarized.

When the basic elements of type 2 (reference element) are linked, the procedure is such that at least one central connection node lies between two such basic elements.

A structure of basic elements of types 1 and 2 is always enclosed by central nodes. This structure is hereinafter referred to as "basic element group". Two or more basic element groups are always connected to a central node. According to the previous paragraph, a basic element group always contains only one basic element of type 2.

A description of its state is assigned to each node like a basic element. This description is called the VK list below (Fig. 3). Due to the central importance of the nodes, the descriptions of these nodes are referred to below as "central sales lists" (ZVK lists). Nodes with a central meaning can be directly connected by basic elements. As a result, properties of a node are passed on to another node. The sales lists are evaluated in order to obtain the required information from the busbar image. This consists of a dynamic number of lists, each representing a sales list or the sum of sales lists. In relation to the application, these lists are called power node lists (SK lists). They are formed exclusively from ZVK lists of central nodes. The invention is illustrated below of an embodiment shown in a drawing, from which further details, features and advantages result.

• Fig. 1 den Aufbau eines Datensatzes für die Beschreibung von Schnitt­stellen beiderseits eines Grundelements.
• Fig. 2 den Aufbau des zu einem Grundelement gehörenden Datensatzes,
• Fig. 3 eine Darstellung einer Liste mit Datensätzen eines Teil-Ver­bindungsknotens,
• Fig. 4 eine Darstellung einer Liste mit Datensätzen der gesamten Ver­bindungsknoten,
• Fig. 5 ein Schaltbild einer Schaltanlage,
• Fig. 6 ein Diagramm von Verfahrensschritten zur Erzeugung eines digitalen Abbilds einer Schaltanlage,
• Fig. 7 ein Strukturbild der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Schaltanlage,
• Fig. 8 ein Diagramm von Verfahrensschritten zur Aktualisierung eines Abbilds einer Schaltanlage,
• Fig. 9 ein Blockschaltbild eines Grundelements.

Show it:

• Fig. 1 shows the structure of a data set for the description of interfaces on both sides of a basic element.
• 2 shows the structure of the data record belonging to a basic element,
• 3 shows an illustration of a list with data records of a partial connection node,
• 4 shows an illustration of a list with data records of the entire connection nodes,
• 5 is a circuit diagram of a switchgear,
• 6 shows a diagram of method steps for generating a digital image of a switchgear,
• 7 is a structural diagram of the switchgear shown in FIG. 5,
• 8 shows a diagram of method steps for updating an image of a switchgear,
• Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a basic element.

• a) eine Bezeichnung oder Kennung des jeweiligen Grundelements, die in Fig. 1 und 2 mit SGK bezeichnet und fest vorgegeben ist.
• b) eine Kennzeichnung des Typs des jeweiligen Grundelements. Bei Schalt­geräten gibt es z.B. Typ 1 oder Typ 2, die sich auf Trennschalter und Leistungsschalter beziehen und fest vorgegeben sind. In Fig. 1 und 2 ist dies mit SGT bezeichnet,
• c) eine Bezeichnung der Messdaten; d.h. der Zuordnung zu einer Messtelle gemäss dem durchgeschalteten Grundelement vom Typ 2. Dies ist in Fig. 1 mit SGM bezeichnet.
• d) eine Bezeichnung des Schaltgerätes, an das z.B. ein Schaltkommando im Kurzschlussfall gegeben wird gemäss dem durchgeschalteten Grundelement vom Typ 2. Dies ist in Fig 1 mit SGS bezeichnet.
• e) Angaben über die Einbindung des jeweiligen Grundelements in die aufgebaute Struktur, Verzweigung zu einem Knoten je nach der Schnittstelle (A-­Seite, B-Seite). In Fig. 1 ist dies mit SGKK bezeichnet.
• f) einen Hinweis auf eine ZVK-Liste, wenn ohne über ein Grundelement vom Typ 2 zu gehen, durch das Grundelement vom Typ 1 zentrale Knoten verbunden sind. In Fig. 2 ist dies mit SGV bezeichnet.

A data record for a basic element, in particular a switching device, is shown in FIG. 1. The data set contains the following data:

• a) a designation or identifier of the respective basic element, which is designated by SGK in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is predetermined.
• b) an identification of the type of the respective basic element. For switchgear there are, for example, type 1 or type 2, which relate to disconnectors and circuit breakers and are fixed. 1 and 2 this is designated SGT,
• c) a description of the measurement data; ie the assignment to a measuring point according to the connected basic element of type 2. This is designated SGM in FIG. 1.
• d) a designation of the switching device, to which, for example, a switching command is given in the event of a short circuit in accordance with the basic element of type 2 that has been switched through.
• e) Information about the integration of the respective basic element in the structure, branching to a node depending on the interface (A-side, B-side). In Fig. 1 this is called SGKK.
• f) a reference to a ZVK list if central nodes are connected by the basic element of type 1 without going through a basic element of type 2. In Fig. 2 this is called SGV.

These entries are specified for both sides of the interface, hereinafter referred to as A and B side. The data record described above exists twice for each basic element, which forms an interface (A-side and B-side for type 1 and twice A-side for type 2). This means that each interface is clearly and completely defined.

According to FIG. 1, the data records of the two interfaces of a basic element consist of a variant and an invariant part. SGK, SGT and SGZK are invariant in the reference block. Variations are SGM, SGS. Variant means that the information content changes depending on conditions. Depending on the function of the basic element (determined by SGT), the variant data is transferred from one side to the other or withdrawn again (enter, delete). When basic elements are linked or branched, they are in a fixed connection to one another. They are cyclically linked via SGKK via the interface description. In order to keep the variant data records at the interface identical, the information between the interface descriptions must be updated in the order of the chaining.

Greater independence can be achieved if the interface description is designed in such a way that the basic elements have a description according to FIG. 2. Like a comparison between FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows, FIG. 2 shows a summary of the interface description according to FIG. 1; the invariant data are only available once. In addition, the internal state SGZ (for switching devices on or off) is now required. The description according to FIG. 2 is directly assigned to the evaluation function of a basic element and is not visible from the outside. A basic element is always embedded between two nodes, which can be structured hierarchically. The data record contains information about the connection to the two surrounding nodes and is marked with SGVKK and SGRKK. These nodes are connection nodes with a description according to FIG. 3. This means that a structure is built up which consists uniformly of connection nodes and basic elements and works at the same location at every point.

The LVK lists are a special VK list. They describe the interface between basic elements. Their structure can be seen in FIG. 3. The LVK lists contain only one entry SGM and SGS, which is provided by the type 2 element of the relevant element group. SGV represents a list of the central nodes that are connected to the central node under consideration without going through a type 2 primitive. The LVK lists are managed by the evaluation functions of the basic elements of the relevant basic element group.

The ZVK list is outside the basic element groups and contains SGM and SGS of each basic element that is permanently connected to the respective node, according to the current status of the description, individual basic elements. The above applies to SGV.

For the propagation of the entries between the LVK lists or Between LVK and ZVK lists, as already mentioned above, the evaluation function of the basic elements is responsible. The internal state SGZ of the basic element is important here, i.e. the switching state of switching devices. The relevant activity of the evaluation function relates to the transfer of information from one VK list (LVK list, ZVK list) to another. For this purpose, the evaluation function comes into action when there is a change in one of the directly adjacent sales lists or when the state SGZ of the basic element has changed. Depending on the respective state SGZ, the data SGM, SGS and SGV of the corresponding sales lists are treated:
Trigger: Change in an LVK list
SGZ = 1:
check what has changed;
the previous status is in the user data acc. Fig. 2 saved;
Enter the change in the opposite sales list (LVK, ZVK list)
SGZ = 0:
Note the current status of the SGM, SGS, SGV data in the user data
- no further activity -
Trigger: change of SGZ
1 to 0:
Transfer current data SGM, SGS, SGV from the LVK list on the side facing away from the ZVK to the LVK list on the side facing ZVK or in the directly adjacent ZVK list.
0 to 1:
Remove your own entries in the ZVK list or the LVK list facing the ZVK according to the status of the user data.

Due to the structure of the sales lists, it is possible that more than one entry can be made simultaneously by the evaluation functions of the basic elements. This ensures that the switching status changes in the process can be limited locally and processed in parallel. Synchronization is only necessary when the SK lists are formed from the individual information in the ZVK lists.

The structure of the SK list is shown in Fig. 4. They contain the information SGM and SGS from the ZVK lists. The information to build up the SK lists is included in the ZVK lists under SGV. According to the SGV lists, the current ZVK lists of central nodes are summarized in SK lists by an evaluation function assigned to the SK lists.

The structure picture acc. 7 shows basic elements of types 1 and 2 for a switchgear assembly, which are connected to one another by subnodes in the manner shown. A basic element GII2, in particular a circuit breaker, is connected to a local connection node LVK2. A basic element GI4 and a basic element GI5 are each connected to the local connection node LVK2. The letter G denotes the basic element, the number I or II the basic element type and the following number the Labelling. The basic element GI4 is connected to a central connection node ZVK2. The basic element GI5 is connected to a central connection node ZVK1.

The basic element GII2 is also connected to a basic element GI6, since a local connection node LVK5 is connected to it, which is connected via a basic element GI7 to a connection node VK5.

The central connection nodes ZVK1 and ZVK2 include connected via a basic element GI1 and GI2 to a local connection node LVK1, to which a branch with the series connection of a basic element GII1 and a basic element GI3 is connected. Furthermore, the central connecting nodes ZVK1 and ZVK2 are each connected via a basic element GI9 and GI8 to a local connecting node LVK3, which is connected via a basic element GII3 to a local connecting node LVK4, which is connected to the connecting node VK5 via a basic element GI10. The local connection node LVK5 originates connections to basic elements GI11 and GI12, which are still connected to connection nodes VK3 and VK4, which are each connected to the central connection nodes ZVK1 and ZVK2 via basic elements GI13 and GI14.

The interfaces A and B of the basic elements GI1 to GI14 are each assigned data records DI1 to DI14 which have the scope shown in FIG. 1. The basic elements GII1 to GII3 are assigned data records DII1, DII2 and DII3, which likewise have the designations given in FIG. 2.

The local connection nodes LVK1 to LVK5 are each assigned LVK lists LVK1-L to LVK5-L, each of which has the content shown in FIG. 3. VK lists VK3-L to VK5-L are assigned to the connection nodes VK3 to VKL5. The ZVK lists ZVK1-L and ZVK2-L are assigned to the central connection nodes ZVK1 and ZVK2. The current node list SK-L is formed from the lists ZVK1-L and VK3-L.

All basic elements shown in FIG. 7 are switched off, so that there is no connection of central nodes.

The basic element of type 2 GII2 goes from the switching state "OFF" to "ON". It must now include the SGM and SGS information in its DII2 record for the Interface description must be entered because these properties are made accessible by switching it on. The entry is made identically at both interfaces.

SGM and SGS are entered in the LVK list of the local node LVK2 (LVK list 2); SGV remains empty.

Now the basic element of type 1 GI5 goes from the switching state "OFF" to the switching state "ON. GI4 is switched off. Due to the switched element GII2 in the interface description B of GI5 (DGI5) are the specific data SGM and SGS of GII2, about which LVK list 2 (LVK2-L) entered. Due to the switch position change from "OFF" to "ON", this information is transferred to the A side. Since the A side is fixed to VK1 and GI5 is switched on, the information " VK1 "under SGV in the LVK list 2 (LVK2-L). For GI4 the new entry in the LVK list 2 has no effect because GI4 is switched off. The next step is the ZVK list 1 (ZVK1-L It contains a list of all SGM and SGS of the basic elements permanently connected to this node. A connection to other ZVK lists only via basic elements of type 1 is not currently the case. The new entry on the A side of GI5, SGM and SGS from GI5 du The evaluation function of the basic element group has been added to ZVK list 1. The last step is to update the SK lists. Since there is no entry in the SGV of ZVK list 1 (ZVK1-L), there is now a power node list that is identical to ZVK list 1.

For the busbar image (sum of the current node lists), the change in GI5 means that new data points are entered in a current node list. However, the number of power node lists has not changed.

• 1. GI4:
  SGM und SGS der B-Seite wird auf die A-Seite übertragen;
  da GI4 mit der A-Seite an dem zentralen Knoten ZVK2 liegt, wird "ZVK2" in die LVK-Liste 2 unter SGV eingetragen;
  da in der LVK-Liste 2 unter SGV noch ein anderer zentraler Knoten eingetragen ist, ausser dem GI4 bekannten "ZVK2", wird auf der A-Seite unter SGZK auf LVK-Liste2.SGV verwiesen;

Damit liegt eine Änderung des Informationsgehalts des lokalen Knotens LTK2 vor, es müssen nun die Schnittstellen der am LTK2 liegenden Grundelemente überprüft werden, ob Nachträge erforderlich sind:

• 2. GI5:
  Massgeblich ist die neue Information "ZVK2", die unter SGV in der LVK-­Liste 2 eingetragen ist:
  da GI5 eingeschaltet ist, erfolgt der auf die LVK-Liste2.SGV verweisende Eintrag unter SGZK auf der A-Seite;
• 3. GII2:
  Änderung ist nicht relevant, kein Eintrag in der Schnittstellenbeschrei­bung;

Nachführend der VK-Listen ZVK-Liste 1 und ZVK-Liste 2 durch Prüfen der Einträge unter SGZK der Grundelemente durch die Auswertefunktion der Grundelementgruppe:

• 4. ZVK-Liste 1:
  die Einträge SGM und SGS bleiben unverändert;
  Eintrag, dass VK2 ohne über ein Grundelement vom Typ 2 zu gehen an VK1 liegt:
  SGV beinhaltet den Eintrag "ZVK2";
• 5. ZVK-Liste 2:
  die spezifischen Daten SGM und SGS von GII2 werden eingetragen;
  Eintrag, dass VK1 ohne über ein Grundelement vom Typ 2 zu gehen an VK2 liegt;
  SGV beinhaltet den Eintrag "ZVK2";

Nachführend der Stromknoten-Listen:

• 6. dadurch, dass auf den A-Seiten der Grundelemente GI4 und GI5 jeweils fremde Knoten genannt sind, werden die VK-Listen ZVK-Liste 1 und ZVK-Liste 2 in eine einzige Stromknoten-Liste eingetragen; die bisher vorhandenen Stromknoten-Listen sind nicht mehr gültig und werden verworfen.
  Das nun neue Sammelschienenabbild (Summe der Stromknoten-Listen) besitzt nun sowohl neue Datenpunkte als auch eine neue Struktur.

Next, the switching status of GI4 changes from "OFF" to "ON". This results in the following entries:

• 1. GI4:
  SGM and SGS of the B side is transferred to the A side;
  since GI4 lies with the A side at the central node ZVK2, "ZVK2" is entered in LVK list 2 under SGV;
  Since another central node is entered in the LVK list 2 under SGV, apart from the GI4 known "ZVK2", is on the A side referred to LVK-List2.SGV under SGZK;

This means that the information content of the local node LTK2 has changed; the interfaces of the basic elements on the LTK2 must now be checked as to whether supplements are required:

• 2. GI5:
  Relevant is the new information "ZVK2", which is entered under SGV in LVK list 2:
  since GI5 is switched on, the entry referring to the LVK list2.SGV is made under SGZK on the A side;
• 3. GII2:
  Change is not relevant, no entry in the interface description;

Following the sales lists ZVK list 1 and ZVK list 2 by checking the entries under SGZK of the basic elements using the evaluation function of the basic element group:

• 4. ZVK list 1:
  the SGM and SGS entries remain unchanged;
  Entry that VK2 is connected to VK1 without going through a type 2 basic element:
  SGV contains the entry "ZVK2";
• 5. ZVK list 2:
  the specific data SGM and SGS of GII2 are entered;
  Entry that VK1 is connected to VK2 without going through a type 2 basic element;
  SGV contains the entry "ZVK2";

Following the current node lists:

• 6. Because foreign nodes are mentioned on the A sides of the basic elements GI4 and GI5, the VK lists ZVK list 1 and ZVK list 2 are entered in a single current node list; the current node lists are no longer valid and will be discarded.
  The now new busbar image (sum of the current node lists) now has both new data points and a new structure.

It can be seen from this that a change that can be assigned to a basic element develops to one or more central points. You only have to touch the elements of the structure that are on the path to the corresponding central point. Branches lying in parallel do not have to be treated.

On this basis, a structure can be set up for the evaluation using information technology methods, in which individual changes to the basic elements, this can affect both changes in the state and changes in the properties, are only of local importance. Furthermore, such a structure has the property of being separable and / or expandable at any point without the existing structure and evaluation functions having to be changed

Application on switchgear

If the basic elements in this structure are generally switchgear in a switchgear, a structure can be created which reflects the properties of a switchgear with regard to the transmission of the electrical potential. Circuit changes in the real process can be mapped one-to-one on the internal structure. In this case, a busbar corresponds to a central reference point of the polarization direction of the basic elements.

As before, the busbar image is based on the messages of the respective position of the switch contacts of the switchgear, so that there are no new requirements for the switchgear from this side. All busbar disconnectors are primarily evaluated. In the branches, where a coupling of busbars is possible due to their structure and integration in the switchgear, all switching devices that are in the possible coupling path are recorded. The relevant switching devices are divided into two classes and treated differently with regard to their evaluation:
- class of disconnector (without earthing switch),
correspond to the basic element type 1;
- class of circuit breakers,
correspond to the basic element type 2.

A configuration calculation is triggered by an impending or successful change in the current switching status of one or more switching devices. The treatment of the change corresponds to the topology of the switchgear. This means that a change is only evaluated in the areas in which it is actually effective. The evaluation begins with the switching device (SG element = basic element of type n) in which the change in switch position was detected. If there is an impact on the environment according to the evaluation specification, this means an update of the interface description. According to the topological integration of the respective SG element, the propagation of the change is checked until an SG element is reached that is directly connected to a busbar (central node ZVK). These SG elements represent the boundary of a switch panel and form the basic structure. Information regarding the measuring point of the switch panel is now passed on to the central node (= individual busbar section). A connection node list (ZVK list) is maintained for each central node, which indicates which measuring points and circuit breakers currently belong to the corresponding busbar. Like the busbars, the central node lists can be combined into larger structures via SG elements. If a change in the switch position affects the busbar, it is checked whether the ZVK list is connected to others or must now be connected. If this is the case, the current node list (SK list) is compiled from the corresponding ZVK lists. A power node list always contains at least the elements of a ZVK list. The complete assignment of the measuring points and circuit breakers to the protection zones can be found in it. A switchgear can have a maximum of as many power node lists as there are busbar sections.

If several changes occur in different switchgear panels of a switchgear, the structure at hand results in a division of the configuration calculation into individual partial calculations, which can each be understood as an independent evaluation. As listed, only those on this connecting line must be from the switchgear to which the change is assigned elements were evaluated for the current node. The results of the partial calculations come together in the evaluations for the central node lists and are synchronized there before the SK lists are created.

Exemplary description of the procedure

An interface description, as described above, is defined for each basic element (switching device). For implementation, the data record is constructed in such a way that no redundant information is held for the SG element. There is therefore (according to Fig. 2) a division into
- a SG element-specific part: description and useful data
- a description of the forward interface: pre-reference
- a description of the backward interface: back reference
in front. In comparison to Figure 1, the description of the state of the SG element is also required. The reference to a rigid connection of central nodes is listed under "Connection to central nodes" (SGV). The essential information for the structure of the busbar image is contained in
- "State" (SGZ) - 1/0
Meaning: Evaluate interface information yes / no ("configuration calculation necessary")
as well as the useful data:
- "Measuring point (SGM) identifier
Meaning: Measuring point to be evaluated
- "Command switching device" (SGS) - identifier
Meaning: switching device to which the OFF command is to be given in the event of an error; corresponded directly with the measuring point to be evaluated.
- "Connection central node" (SGVW) - reference
Meaning: Reference to the list of busbars rigidly connected to this point (rigid: cannot be separated in the event of an error).

The functional relationships are explained on the "Build SSA image" (FIG. 6) and "Perform configuration calculation" (FIG. 8) images.

Explanation of how it works

According to 6 in a method step 1, a change in a switch position is ascertained ("detect change position") and, in a method step 2, this can be assigned to a switching device ("assign change") to a switching device, is determined according to defined rules relating to the class of the switching device whether this switch position change requires a change in the interface description. Only if this is the case is the new entry made in method step 3 (“calculate switching device interface”) and the next processing steps are carried out. In the following it must now be checked how far the new information propagates and whether it ultimately ends up in a power node list (SK list). This depends on the state of the switching devices directly connected to this switching device, or on whether it is connected directly to a busbar (= busbar disconnector). In a further method step 5 "carry out configuration calculation", this evaluation is carried out by a method step 5.1 "calculate propagation" by specifying it under SGT. If local node lists have been changed and connections to central nodes are available from there, the ZVK list (s) and SK lists are changed accordingly in the "Update node" process step. The circuit breakers are monitored. If a circuit breaker fails, a replacement circuit breaker is selected in a method step 4. The corresponding change is taken into account in the information about the interface.
So there is a hierarchical structure of the data groups. It is represented as follows: Art Assignment number Determining the content SG elements (basic elements) to every switching device plant-specific regardless of the switch status The basis are switch position messages, evaluation depends. of the switchgear type LVK list to every connection point between switching devices plant-specific are formed from the interface descriptions of the basic elements; general rule ZVK list to every busbar plant-specific per busbar is formed from the SG elements; general rule SK list to the switchgear depending on the respective switching status of the switchgear; is formed from the ZVK lists; general rule min .: none max .: number of busbars The busbar image is represented by the sum of the SK lists.

Type-dependent rule

A distinction is made between the two types of isolating switch and circuit breaker for the entries in the interface descriptions assigned to the switching devices.

Concerning. the evaluation function for the entries in the ZVK lists, a distinction is made between busbar outlets and coupling fields.

Creation and evaluation of the lists

The reference is based on a mimic diagram according to Fig. 5. A section of a switchgear is shown. E.g. the 110kV outgoing panel = E3 and the coupling panel = E4 with the busbar disconnectors Q1, Q2, Q10, Q20, the circuit breaker Q0 and the outgoing earther Q8. The outgoing panel = E3 is only connected to the SS1A busbar; i.e. the Q1 in this field is closed, the Q2 is open, the Q0 is switched on, the Q9 is also and the Q8 is open. However, the last two switching devices are no longer considered. In the coupling field = E4, all switching devices are switched off.

The following data groups exist for this configuration:
SG elements: for each switching device;
= E3: 3 in total
(Type 1: 2; Type 2: 1)
= E4: 7 in total
(Type 1: 6; Type 2: 1)
LVK lists: for each busbar;
LVK list = E31 (nodes: Q1, Q2, Q0)
LVK list = E41 (nodes: Q1, Q2, Q0)
LVK list = E42 (nodes: Q10, Q20, Q0)
ZVK lists: for each busbar;
ZVK list # SS1A
ZVK list # SS2A
ZVK list # SS1B
ZVK list # SS2B
SK lists: max. 4, one per busbar
or acc. Coupling of busbars

The connection node list of the busbar SS1A (ZVK list # SS1A) thus contains, on the section in Figure 6 = E3 + Q0. The current node list of the busbar SS1A SK list 1 is identical to the VK list # SS1A, since there are no connections to other busbars. No other SK lists are considered, except the one that contains the entries of the SS2B busbar contains. This is designated with SK list 2; it does not (yet) contain an entry from the dome field = E4.

Two basic element groups are formed for this section of a switchgear. One group contains all the elements that can be assigned to panel = E3; the other group the elements that are assigned to the dome field = E4. The evaluation functions of the basic element groups that make the entries in the ZVK lists are designated with AFkt = E3 and AFkt = E4.

• 1. SS-Trenner Q1 einschalten,
• 2. SS-Trenner Q10 einschalten,
• 3. Leistungsschalter Q0 einschalten,
• 4. Längstrenner Q11 einschalten,
• 5. Leistungsschalter Q0 ausschalten,
• 6. SS-Trenner Q1 ausschalten,
• 7. SS-Trenner Q10 ausschalten,

The aim of the following switching operation should be the coupling of the busbars SS1A and SS1B using the longitudinal isolator Q11. To do this, the following circuits must be carried out step by step in the coupling field = E4:

• 1.Switch on SS isolator Q1,
• 2.Switch on SS disconnector Q10,
• 3. Turn on circuit breaker Q0,
• 4. Switch on the longitudinal separator Q11,
• 5. Open circuit breaker Q0,
• 6. Switch off SS disconnector Q1,
• 7. Switch off the SS disconnector Q10,

According to the individual steps, the data of the SG elements of the coupling field are now assigned. For the dome panel, the switch panel is only considered to be connected to a busbar if at least one continuous connection has been established between two busbars. I.e. if e.g. the switching devices Q1, Q10 and Q0 are switched on. Only then is the measuring point and the circuit breaker (command switching device) of the coupling field entered by AFkt = E4 in the corresponding ZVK lists. In the case of the switching devices mentioned above, these are the ZVK list SS1A and the ZVK list SS1B. By combining measuring point = E4 + T1 and circuit breaker = E4 + Q0, the current nodes SS1A and SS1B can still be handled as independent current nodes. The entries are transferred to SK list 1 and SK list 2; the measuring point = E4 + T1, is therefore evaluated from two sides.

If the longitudinal isolator Q11 is now closed, the busbars SS1A and SS1B are rigidly coupled. The circuit breaker and the measuring point of the dome fields are bridged by the longitudinal separator and are therefore ineffective. The busbars SS1A and SS1B must now be treated as a current node. The evaluation function AFkt = E4 removes the entry relating to the measuring point and circuit breaker in the relevant ZVK lists and notes the rigid coupling (entry SGV). This change is entered in the SK lists by the evaluation function of the ZVK lists.

When evaluating the VK lists to form the SK lists (actually existing power nodes), this means that the SK list 1 and SK list 2 are now virtually combined in a single list. This contains all measuring points that are connected to the SS1A or SS1B busbar by means of busbar disconnectors; continue the associated circuit breakers. There is no longer any information from the dome field. A change in the entry from the perspective of the coupling field only takes place when the longitudinal separator Q11 is switched off. Switching off the busbar disconnectors and the circuit breaker has no influence on the busbar image.

3 breaker failure protection, replacement switch method

Circuit breakers, in particular in gas-insulated switchgear, have signaling contacts that provide information on the extent to which the switchgear can perform switching operations. Of interest for protection are the messages that signal that an OFF switching can no longer be carried out. If this information is available, it can be taken into account when creating the busbar image. This means that it is checked whether the circuit breaker assigned to a measuring point is able to switch off a short circuit. If this is not the case, a replacement switch is selected from a configured list and, in the event of a fault, the OFF command is sent instead of the defective circuit breaker. The replacement switch will mostly be a switching device of a remote station. However, this means that there is a transmission channel for a take-away command there. A function is therefore available with which advanced switch failure protection can be implemented.

There are two further ways to obtain information about the switching capacity of a circuit breaker:
- by monitoring whether a circuit breaker correctly executes a command; a breaker failure can require an acknowledgment by the operating personnel, which shows that the circuit breaker can again perform its task; until this acknowledgment is received, the circuit breaker is marked as defective and its replacement switch is used for protection commands;
- by an external diagnostic function, the results of which are transferred to the busbar protection.

• 1. wenn eine Schalterstellungsänderung vorliegt,
  oder
• 2. wenn der Ausfall eines leistungsschalters gemeldet wird und statt dessen ein Ersatzschalter nachzutragen ist.

This triggers a configuration calculation

• 1. if there is a switch position change,
  or
• 2. if the failure of a circuit breaker is reported and a replacement switch has to be added instead.

FIG. 9 shows the structure of a basic element 6 from a variant data record part 7, an invariant data record part 8 and from an evaluation function part 9. The basic elements shown in FIG. 7, for example GI or GII, have the structure shown in FIG. 9.

2 can be declared as a record in PLM or Pascal, the description, the useful data and the reference block being sub-records.

Claims (8)

1. A method for generating a digital image of a switchgear assembly containing at least one busbar and switching devices in an electrical power distribution network,
characterized by
that data sets are assigned to the switching devices, each of which has an individual name for the switching device, its type from a different selection of types used in the switchgear, its switching status, the assignment to a measuring point, the assignment to one that can be actuated depending on the measuring point value Command switching devices, the assignment to the closest local connection node or central connection node in the course of the line and the assignment of the local connection node to a central connection node contain lists for the connection nodes with measuring points connected to them and the associated command switching devices and the connections to superordinate central connection nodes are provided that a list with the central connection nodes, which contains the measuring points with the assigned command switching devices, is provided, and that when the switching state changes n the corresponding entries in the data records, including the changes to the entries in the list of connection nodes and / or central connection nodes, are taken into account. 2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized by
that an invariant data record part contains the name, the type and a Reference to those connection node lists in which information about the switching device is contained has that a variant data record part contains the state of the switching device, the measuring point, the command switching device and the connection to the central connection node, and that an evaluation function part monitors the monitoring of the Switchgear status and the entries in the connection node data record part monitored and adjusted. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized by
that position reports of the switchgear are continuously monitored, that in the event of changes in the switching state, these are assigned to the respective data records, and that when the data records of the interfaces, the changed connections to the connection nodes and / or central connection nodes are changed, corresponding changes are made in local and / or central connection node lists will. 4. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized by
that when the switching state changes from "OFF" to "ON", the names of the measuring points and command switching devices are transferred to the page of the interface data record corresponding to the upstream local connection node. 5. Method according to one or more of the preceding statements,
characterized by
that depending on the switching state when changing the switching state - OFF to ON: enter; ON to OFF: delete / unsubscribe - a switching device arranged between connection nodes in the list of the local connection node the reference to the central connection node is entered. 6. Method according to one or more of the preceding statements,
characterized by
that circuit breakers and disconnectors are provided as types. 7. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized by
that a central connection node is provided between two circuit breakers. 8. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
characterized by
that the entries of the designation of the measurement data, the designation of the switching device, and the references to a central connection node list in the connection node lists are independent of one another.

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