EP0383988B1 - High-voltage lead-through for oil-cooled electric devices - Google Patents
High-voltage lead-through for oil-cooled electric devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0383988B1 EP0383988B1 EP89104925A EP89104925A EP0383988B1 EP 0383988 B1 EP0383988 B1 EP 0383988B1 EP 89104925 A EP89104925 A EP 89104925A EP 89104925 A EP89104925 A EP 89104925A EP 0383988 B1 EP0383988 B1 EP 0383988B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- voltage bushing
- screen
- fixed resistor
- bushing according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/02—Casings
- H01F27/04—Leading of conductors or axles through casings, e.g. for tap-changing arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-voltage bushing for oil-cooled electrical devices, in particular high-voltage machine and mains transformers, in which components for the electrical and mechanical connection of the end of a feed-through conductor bolt to a high-voltage connecting lead lie in a cup-shaped shield.
- Such a high-voltage bushing is known from DE-A-25 54 460.
- This known implementation is connected to the end of the winding rejection to be connected via screw connections and flexible conductor sections. To avoid externally effective inhomogeneities of the electrical field, this screw connection together with the flexible conductor sections is completely immersed in a cup-shaped shield in the operating state.
- DE-A-28 42 341 also already discloses an attenuator for cables for damping high-frequency vibrations emanating from switchgear assemblies when hitting transformers, for example in which a voltage-dependent resistor, a low-induction fixed resistor and a choke winding are provided in a concentric arrangement from the inside to the outside and electrically connected in parallel to one another.
- the separate arrangement of such attenuators for cables before the input of high-voltage transformers requires an even larger space than results from the enlargement of transformer dimensions as a result of wiring the windings with ZnO elements.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a space-saving arrangement for resonance-sensitive high-voltage devices, such as, for example, mains or machine transformers, by which high-frequency vibrations caused by switching operations or the like are damped to such an extent that damage to the connected devices can be ruled out.
- resonance-sensitive high-voltage devices such as, for example, mains or machine transformers
- the object of the invention is achieved with a high-voltage bushing of the type mentioned in the introduction that a low-induction fixed resistor forming the end of the connecting conductor is spatially and electrically located between a chalice-shaped shield and a similar chalice-shaped shielding pot and that the load current is electrically parallel and spatially coaxial with the fixed resistor leading ironless choke winding is provided which includes the shielding pot at one end and the shielding at the other end.
- the choke winding is wound from two radially superposed electrically parallel conductors which are spatially crossed out in the middle of the winding, and the fixed resistor consists of a stack of resistance disks lying against one another in the axial direction.
- High-voltage bushings designed in accordance with the invention are very advantageous because they provide practically no particular space requirement by adding an attenuator to reliably protect the devices that are connected to them from high-frequency vibrations that resonate.
- the relatively complex wiring of individual components of the devices to be protected can be dispensed with, as can attenuators to be set up next to these devices in special housings.
- a high-voltage bushing 2 with a bushing conductor pin 3 is installed in the cover 1 of a transformer tank which is not shown in detail and is completely filled with oil and closed on all sides.
- the lower end of the high-voltage bushing 2 dips into a goblet-shaped shield 4 together with the lower end of the bushing conductor pin 3.
- the lower end of the feed-through conductor pin 3 carries flexible connecting leads 5, not shown, of which several are electrically connected in parallel and are evenly distributed over the circumference and connect the lead-through conductor stud 3 galvanically to a connecting plate 6 and to a winding end 7 of a choke winding 8.
- connection plate 6 Coaxial to the axis of the high-voltage bushing 2, the connection plate 6 continues below the goblet-shaped shield 4 in a low-induction fixed resistor from a stack of resistance disks 9 lying against one another in the axial direction.
- the resistance disks 9 lie concentrically within the choke winding 8. Both the choke winding 8 and the stack of the resistance disks 9 are supported on a goblet-shaped shielding pot 10, which carries an inclined chimney 11 for receiving a winding rejection 12.
- the choke winding 8 is wound from two radially one above the other electrically connected parallel conductors, which are preferably represented by copper cables with a circular cross section and paper wrapping as insulation. To ensure a uniform current load on both conductors, they are crossed out in the middle of the choke winding 8 by cross-out conductors 16. The ends of the choke winding 8 are supported on press rings 13.
- the fixed resistor located within the choke winding consists of a stack of nine resistance disks 9, of which only the middle one is spaced from the adjacent resistance disks by short supports 14.
- the ends of the middle resistance disk 9 are electrically connected to the cross-out conductors 16 in the middle of the choke winding 8 via the supports 14 via potential bridges 15. Mutual voltage control of the fixed resistor and the choke winding 8 is thereby forced.
- the high-voltage bushing 2 and the resistor disks 9 connected downstream thereof and the choke winding 8 are loaded with a low-frequency current, for example of 50 or 60 Hz.
- the choke winding 8 drops significantly less than 0.1 o / oo of the operating voltage, and the resistance disks 9 contribute practically nothing to the current carrying, since their resistance is approximately 10 f times the resistance of the choke winding 8.
- the voltage supplied via the high-voltage bushing 2 is consequently passed on to the winding lead-out 12 with almost no voltage drop.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
- Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
- Transformer Cooling (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hochspannungsdurchführung für ölgekühlte elektrische Geräte, insbesondere an Hochspannung liegende Maschinen- und Netztransformatoren, bei denen Bauteile zur elektrischen und mechanischen Verbindung des Endes eines Durchführungsleiterbolzens mit einem Hochspannung führenden Anschlußleiter in einer kelchförmigen Abschirmung liegen.The invention relates to a high-voltage bushing for oil-cooled electrical devices, in particular high-voltage machine and mains transformers, in which components for the electrical and mechanical connection of the end of a feed-through conductor bolt to a high-voltage connecting lead lie in a cup-shaped shield.
Eine derartige Hochspannungsdurchführung ist durch die DE-A-25 54 460 bekannt geworden. Diese bekannte Durchführung ist über Schraubverbindungen und flexible Leiterabschnitte mit dem Ende der anzuschließenden Wicklungsausleitung verbunden. Zur Vermeidung nach außen hin wirksamer Inhomogenitäten des elektrischen Feldes ist diese Schraubverbindung zusammen mit den flexiblen Leiterabschnitten im Betriebszustand vollständig in eine kelchförmige Abschirmung eingetaucht.Such a high-voltage bushing is known from DE-A-25 54 460. This known implementation is connected to the end of the winding rejection to be connected via screw connections and flexible conductor sections. To avoid externally effective inhomogeneities of the electrical field, this screw connection together with the flexible conductor sections is completely immersed in a cup-shaped shield in the operating state.
Im Zuge des weiteren Netzausbaus und den sich daraus ergebenden Verkleinerungen der Netzimpedanzen einerseits und andererseits weiter anwachsender durch Schaltvorgänge zu beherrschende Leistungen wächst die Gefährdung von an Hochspannung liegenden Geräten, insbesondere von deren Wicklungen, durch Resonanzanregungen mit Frequenzen im MHz-Bereich. Bisher vorgeschlagene Abhilfemaßnahmen bestehen überwiegend in der Beschaltung der Wicklungen, beispielsweise durch ZnO-Elemente gemäß der EP-A1-0 163 907. Besonders hohe Frequenzen werden bei Anschluß von resonanzschwingungsempfindlichen Geräten an SF₆-isolierten Schaltanlagen erreicht.In the course of further network expansion and the resulting reductions in network impedances, on the one hand, and on the other hand, further increases in power that can be controlled by switching operations, the risk to devices connected to high voltage, in particular to their windings, increases due to resonance excitations with frequencies in the MHz range. Remedial measures proposed hitherto consist mainly of wiring the windings, for example using ZnO elements in accordance with EP-A1-0 163 907. Particularly high frequencies are achieved when devices sensitive to resonance vibrations are connected to SF₆-insulated switchgear.
Zur Dämpfung hochfrequenter von Schaltanlagen ausgehender Schwingungen beim Auftreffen beispielsweise auf Transformatoren, ist durch die DE-A-28 42 341 auch schon ein Dämpfungsglied für Kabel bekannt geworden, bei dem in konzentrischer Anordnung von innen nach außen und elektrisch zueinander parallel geschaltet ein spannungsabhängiger Widerstand, ein induktionsarmer Festwiderstand und eine Drosselwicklung vorgesehen sind. Die gesonderte Anordnung derartiger Dämpfungsglieder für Kabel vor dem Eingang von Hochspannungstransformatoren erfordert jedoch einen noch größeren Raumbedarf als sich aus der Vergrößerung von Transformatorabmessungen infolge Beschaltung der Wicklungen mit ZnO-Elementen ergibt.DE-A-28 42 341 also already discloses an attenuator for cables for damping high-frequency vibrations emanating from switchgear assemblies when hitting transformers, for example in which a voltage-dependent resistor, a low-induction fixed resistor and a choke winding are provided in a concentric arrangement from the inside to the outside and electrically connected in parallel to one another. The separate arrangement of such attenuators for cables before the input of high-voltage transformers, however, requires an even larger space than results from the enlargement of transformer dimensions as a result of wiring the windings with ZnO elements.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, für resonanzempfindliche Hochspannungsgeräte, wie beispielsweise Netz- oder Maschinentransformatoren, eine raumsparende Anordnung zu schaffen, durch die hochfrequente, durch Schaltvorgänge oder ähnliches verursachte Schwingungen so weit gedämpft werden, daß eine Schädigung der beschalteten Geräte auszuschließen ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a space-saving arrangement for resonance-sensitive high-voltage devices, such as, for example, mains or machine transformers, by which high-frequency vibrations caused by switching operations or the like are damped to such an extent that damage to the connected devices can be ruled out.
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird mit einer Hochspannungsdurchführung der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß ein das Ende des Anschlußleiters bildender induktionsarmer Festwiderstand räumlich und elektrisch zwischen einer kelchförmigen Abschirmung und einem dieser ähnlichen kelchförmigen Abschirmungtopf liegt und daß elektrisch parallel und räumlich koaxial zu dem Festwiderstand eine den Laststrom führende eisenlose Drosselwicklung vorgesehen ist, die mit ihrem einen Ende den Abschirmtopf und mit ihrem anderen Ende die Abschirmung umfaßt.The object of the invention is achieved with a high-voltage bushing of the type mentioned in the introduction that a low-induction fixed resistor forming the end of the connecting conductor is spatially and electrically located between a chalice-shaped shield and a similar chalice-shaped shielding pot and that the load current is electrically parallel and spatially coaxial with the fixed resistor leading ironless choke winding is provided which includes the shielding pot at one end and the shielding at the other end.
Nach zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ist die Drosselwicklung aus zwei radial übereinander liegenden elektrisch parallel geschalteten in der Wicklungsmitte räumlich gegeneinander ausgekreuzten Leitern gewickelt und besteht der Festwiderstand aus einem Stapel von in Achsrichtung aneinanderliegenden Widerstandsscheiben.According to expedient developments of the invention, the choke winding is wound from two radially superposed electrically parallel conductors which are spatially crossed out in the middle of the winding, and the fixed resistor consists of a stack of resistance disks lying against one another in the axial direction.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 3 sowie 5 bis 8 angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in
Erfindungsgemäß gestaltete Hochspannngsdurchführungen sind sehr vorteilhaft, weil sie praktisch ohne besonderen Raumbedarf durch die Ergänzung mit einem Dämpfungsglied die über sie an Spannung liegenden Geräte zuverlässig vor resonanzanregenden hochfrequenten Schwingungen schützen. Durch den Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Hochspannungsdurchführung kann dabei auf die verhältnismäßig aufwendige Beschaltung einzelner Bauteile der zu schützenden Geräte ebenso verzichtet werden wie auf neben diesen Geräten aufzustellende Dämpfungsglieder in besonderen Gehäusen.High-voltage bushings designed in accordance with the invention are very advantageous because they provide practically no particular space requirement by adding an attenuator to reliably protect the devices that are connected to them from high-frequency vibrations that resonate. Through the use of the high-voltage bushing according to the invention, the relatively complex wiring of individual components of the devices to be protected can be dispensed with, as can attenuators to be set up next to these devices in special housings.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert.An embodiment is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing.
In einen nicht näher dargestellten vollständig mit Öl gefüllten und allseitig geschlossenen Transformatorkessel ist in dessen Deckel 1 eine Hochspannungsdurchführung 2 mit einem Durchführungsleiterbolzen 3 eingebaut. Das untere Ende der Hochspannungsdurchführung 2 taucht zusammen mit dem unteren Ende des Durchführungsleiterbolzens 3 in eine kelchförmige Abschirmung 4 ein. Das untere Ende des Durchführungsleiterbolzens 3 trägt über nicht dargestellte Klemmverbindungen flexible Anschlußleiter 5, von denen mehrere elektrisch parallel geschaltet und gleichmäßig auf den Umfang verteilt angeordnet sind und den Durchführungsleiterbolzen 3 galvanisch mit einer Anschlußplatte 6 sowie mit einem Wicklungsende 7 von einer Drosselwicklung 8 verbinden.A high-
Koaxial zur Achse der Hochspannungsdurchführung 2 setzt sich die Anschlußplatte 6 unterhalb der kelchförmigen Abschirmung 4 in einem induktionsarmen Festwiderstand aus einem Stapel von in Achsrichtung aneinanderliegenden Widerstandsscheiben 9 fort. Die Widerstandsscheiben 9 liegen konzentrisch innerhalb der Drosselwicklung 8. Sowohl die Drosselwicklung 8 als auch der Stapel aus den Widerstandsscheiben 9 stützen sich an einem kelchförmigen Abschirmtopf 10 ab, der einen schräg verlaufenden Schlot 11 zur Aufnahme einer Wicklungsausleitung 12 trägt.Coaxial to the axis of the high-
Die Drosselwicklung 8 ist aus zwei radial übereinander angeordneten elektrisch parallel geschalteten Leitern gewickelt, die vorzugsweise von Kupferseilen mit kreisrundem Querschnitt und Papierumspinnung als Isolierung dargestellt sind. Zur Gewährleistung einer gleichmäßigen Strombelastung beider Leiter sind diese in der Mitte der Drosselwicklung 8 durch Auskreuzleiter 16 gegeneinander ausgekreuzt. Die Enden der Drosselwicklung 8 stützen sich auf Preßringen 13 ab.The choke winding 8 is wound from two radially one above the other electrically connected parallel conductors, which are preferably represented by copper cables with a circular cross section and paper wrapping as insulation. To ensure a uniform current load on both conductors, they are crossed out in the middle of the choke winding 8 by
Der innerhalb der Drosselwicklung liegende Festwiderstand besteht aus einem Stapel von neun Widerstandsscheiben 9, von denen lediglich die mittlere durch kurze Stützen 14 von den jeweils benachbarten Widerstandsscheiben distanziert ist. Über die Stützen 14 sind die Enden der mittleren Widerstandsscheibe 9 über Potentialbrücken 15 mit den Auskreuzleitern 16 in der Mitte der Drosselwicklung 8 galvanisch verbunden. Dadurch ist eine gegenseitige Spannungssteuerung des Festwiderstandes und der Drosselwicklung 8 erzwungen.The fixed resistor located within the choke winding consists of a stack of nine resistance disks 9, of which only the middle one is spaced from the adjacent resistance disks by
Im normalen Betriebszustand sind die Hochspannungsdurchführung 2 sowie die ihr nachgeschalteten Widerstandsscheiben 9 und die Drosselwicklung 8 mit einem niederfrequenten Strom, beispielsweise von 50 oder 60 Hz belastet. Dabei fällt an der Drosselwicklung 8 deutlich weniger als 0,1 o/oo der Betriebsspannung ab und dabei tragen die Widerstandsscheiben 9 praktisch nichts zur Stromführung bei, da ihr Widerstand etwa beim 10⁴-fachen des Widerstands der Drosselwicklung 8 liegt. Die über die Hochspannungsdurchführung 2 zugeführte Spannung wird demzufolge nahezu ohne Spannungsabfall an die Wicklungsausleitung 12 weitergegeben.In the normal operating state, the high-
Dieses Bild ändert sich jedoch, sobald eine hochfrequente Spannung im MHz-Bereich am Durchführungsleiterbolzen 3 ansteht. Für derartige hochfrequente Spannungen stellt die Drosselwicklung 8 über ihre Induktivität einen erheblichen Widerstand dar, so daß von hochfrequenten Spannungen nur ein Bruchteil an die Wicklungsausleitung 12 weitergeben wird. Außerdem wird die über die Wicklungsausleitung 12 versorgte Transformatorwicklung an der Ausführung von Resonanzschwingungen gehindert.However, this picture changes as soon as a high-frequency voltage in the MHz range is present on the feed-through
Claims (8)
- High-voltage bushing for oil-cooled electrical equipment, in particular generator transformers and mains transformers which are connected to high voltage, in which components (3, 5) for electrical and mechanical connection of the end of a bushing conductor stud (3) to a terminal lead (12) carrying high voltage lie in a cup-shaped screen (4), characterised- in that a low-inductance fixed resistor (9), which forms the end of the terminal lead (12), lies spatially and is electrically connected between the cup-shaped screen (4) and a cup-shaped screen box (10) similar to the latter and- in that provided electrically in parallel and so as to be spatially coaxial to the fixed resistor (9) there is an air-core reactor winding (8) which carries the load current and which with its one end encirles the screen box (10) and with its other end encircles the screen (4).
- High-voltage bushing according to claim 1, characterised in that the reactor winding (8) is wound out of two radially superimposed conductors which are electrically connected in parallel and which are spatially transposed relative to each other in the centre of the winding.
- High-voltage bushing according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that conductor cables with circular cross section are used as conductors.
- High-voltage bushing according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the fixed resistor consists of a stack of resistor discs (9) which lie together in the axial direction.
- High-voltage bushing according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the high-voltage bushing (2) connects the oil-cooled electrical equipment directly with an SF₆-insulated switching station.
- High-voltage bushing according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the fixed resistor (9), the reactor winding (8) and also the screen (4) and the screen box (10) are provided at the high-voltage bushing (2) on the switching station side.
- High-voltage bushing according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the impedance of the reactor winding (8) and the impedance of the fixed resistor (9), which are effective at an operating frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, differ by a factor of approximately 10⁴.
- High-voltage bushing according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that in addition to its connection to the adjacent resistor disc (9) each of the terminals of the central resistor disc (9) is galvanically connected to respectively one of two transposed conductors (16) of the reactor winding (8).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT89104925T ATE93081T1 (en) | 1989-02-20 | 1989-03-20 | HIGH VOLTAGE JACKET FOR OIL-COOLED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3905173 | 1989-02-20 | ||
| DE3905173 | 1989-02-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0383988A1 EP0383988A1 (en) | 1990-08-29 |
| EP0383988B1 true EP0383988B1 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
Family
ID=6374519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89104925A Expired - Lifetime EP0383988B1 (en) | 1989-02-20 | 1989-03-20 | High-voltage lead-through for oil-cooled electric devices |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0383988B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2805690B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE93081T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE58905274D1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19824606C2 (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2001-02-08 | Siemens Ag | Device for limiting overvoltages for transformers |
| EP2991095A1 (en) | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-02 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | High voltage feedthrough assembly, electron diffraction apparatus and method of electrode manipulation in a vacuum environment |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101373659B (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2012-08-22 | 特变电工股份有限公司 | Coil-out apparatus of reactor coil and iron core reactor containing the same |
| EP2442321B1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-12-05 | ABB Technology AG | Feedthrough for high voltage discharge lines in oil transformers |
| EP2924698B1 (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2018-11-21 | ABB Schweiz AG | Oil-oil feedthrough and oil transformer |
| EP3093938B1 (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2021-07-14 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | High voltage implementation system |
| CN105845332B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-10-27 | 绵阳启明星电力设备有限公司 | The fixing means of oil-filled transformer wire fixture and its lead |
| EP3618086B1 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2021-04-28 | ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG | Shield for a terminal of a high-voltage electrical device and method for operating the same |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL161291C (en) * | 1975-01-17 | 1980-01-15 | Smit Nijmegen Bv | TRANSFORMER, FITTED WITH A VESSEL WITH A REMOVABLE TRANSIT INSULATOR WITH CONNECTOR. |
| DE2842341C2 (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1983-01-20 | Transformatoren Union Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Attenuator for installation in high-voltage cable networks |
| DD211665A1 (en) * | 1982-11-17 | 1984-07-18 | Transform Roentgen Matern Veb | LIQUID-COOLED HIGH-CURRENT LINEAR ASSEMBLY |
| EP0163907B1 (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1988-06-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | High-tension transformer winding with regulated voltage distribution |
| DE3540637A1 (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1987-05-21 | Transformatoren Union Ag | TRANSFORMER WITH FUSE |
| DE3543584A1 (en) * | 1985-12-10 | 1987-06-11 | Volta Werke Electricitaet | Transformer with a fusing (protection) device |
-
1989
- 1989-03-20 DE DE8989104925T patent/DE58905274D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-20 AT AT89104925T patent/ATE93081T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-03-20 EP EP89104925A patent/EP0383988B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-02-19 JP JP2039532A patent/JP2805690B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19824606C2 (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2001-02-08 | Siemens Ag | Device for limiting overvoltages for transformers |
| EP2991095A1 (en) | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-02 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | High voltage feedthrough assembly, electron diffraction apparatus and method of electrode manipulation in a vacuum environment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE58905274D1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
| JPH02262312A (en) | 1990-10-25 |
| EP0383988A1 (en) | 1990-08-29 |
| ATE93081T1 (en) | 1993-08-15 |
| JP2805690B2 (en) | 1998-09-30 |
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