EP0383787A1 - Insect repellent - Google Patents

Insect repellent

Info

Publication number
EP0383787A1
EP0383787A1 EP19880908725 EP88908725A EP0383787A1 EP 0383787 A1 EP0383787 A1 EP 0383787A1 EP 19880908725 EP19880908725 EP 19880908725 EP 88908725 A EP88908725 A EP 88908725A EP 0383787 A1 EP0383787 A1 EP 0383787A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wipe according
active agent
solvent
wax
indicator dye
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19880908725
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Adrian Neville Fellows
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fibre Treatments Holding Ltd
Original Assignee
Fibre Treatments Holding Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fibre Treatments Holding Ltd filed Critical Fibre Treatments Holding Ltd
Publication of EP0383787A1 publication Critical patent/EP0383787A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/0208—Tissues; Wipes; Patches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
    • A61Q17/02—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings containing insect repellants
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/42—Colour properties
    • A61K2800/45—Colour indicators, e.g. pH- or Redox indicators

Definitions

  • the present invention addresses itself to the need to indicate the remaining presence of useful levels of water-insoluble active agents on flexible substrates such as wipes, pads, cloths, sponges, sponge-cloth, mats, clothing, head-bands, mittens, gloves of woven and nonwoven fabrics, other fibrous materials, animal skin products (e.g. leather) and animal furs. Further, the present invention covers such articles comprising a substrate, a water insoluble active agent, and a visual indicator of the continuing presence or conversely of the depletion of said active agent, which may be a chemical substance, mixture or formulation.
  • the present invention covers substrates having applied thereto, as active agent, insect repellent compositions which may usefully be transferred to inanimate surfaces, human hair or skin, or animal skin, hair, or fur.
  • insect repellent compositions which may usefully be transferred to inanimate surfaces, human hair or skin, or animal skin, hair, or fur.
  • the invention is not limited to insect repellent as active agents. Any chemical agent which could usefully be transferred to a surface, to modify the manner in which the surface interacts with its environment could be used for instance insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, biocides, timber treatment agents, rot proofing agents, corrosion inhibitors, cosmetics, dermatological agents, polish, pheromome attractants or combinations thereof.
  • a wipe comprising a flexible substrate, to at least a portion of which has been applied a water-insoluble active agent which can be transferred to a surface by wiping and an indicator dye which becomes transferred to the surface along with the active agent, thus giving a visible indication of depletion of the active agent.
  • active agent has been applied to the substrate as a first step, and the indicator dye in a subsequent step.
  • the indicator dye is preferably applied in conjunction with a substance in which the dye is soluble but in which the active agent is at least partially insoluble. That substance is preferably a wax.
  • the indicator dye and the wax are applied in the form of a solution at a temperature above ambient temperature, the solvent being such that the wax is at least partially insoluble in it at ambient temperature. That solvent is preferably more of the active agent that was already applied in the first step.
  • a flexible substrate such as a cloth, wipe, sponge pad or other form of substrate, preferably a woven or nonwoven textile or fabric to which has been applied, uniformly or otherwise, an agent comprising an active substantially water insoluble component which component may be in formulation with other materials and may be in aqueous emulsion or dispersion at its time of application to the substrate.
  • an indicator system which comprises one or more components which are at least partially insoluble, and preferably are substantially insoluble, in the active component at normal ambient temperatures: along with the dye or pigment, which may be soluble or insoluble in the active component.
  • the said indicator is capable of application in a discreet and clearly delineated form, such as stripes, patterns, images or logos, and will maintain this distinct format subsequent to production and throughout the proper storage of the product. However, upon usage of the product the indicator will fade, blur, or otherwise start to disappear as it is transferred to the requisite surface along with the active component, e.g. when an insect repellent wipe is rubbed on the skin.
  • flexible substrates used in this invention are preferably woven or nonwoven fabrics composed of natural or synthetic fibres, particularly cellulosic fibres such as viscose, or petrochemical derived polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, polyesters.
  • insect repellent agent is chosen from among those chemicals known to have the relevant properties of safety in use combined with repellent properties.
  • the following are examples benzil, benzyl benzoate, 2,3,4,5-bis(butyl-2-ene)-tetrahydrofurfural, butoxypolypropylene glycol, N-butylacetanilide, n-butyl 6,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-pyrone-2-carboxylate, dibutyl adipate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl succinate, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, dimethyl carbate (cis-dimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]-5-heptene-2,3-dicarboxylate), dimethyl phthalate, 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, di-n
  • the insect repellent agent is N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide either alone or in combination with other insect repellent agents.
  • This material is preferably but not of necessity applied to the substrate in the form of a simple aqueous emulsion.
  • a suitable emulsifier is a linear alcohol mixed ethoxylate propoxylate block copolymer.
  • the indicator system is preferably prepared in the form of a liquid made by dissolving a wax in a solvent, which solvent may be the active chemical, e.g. diethyl toluamide, or may be some other solvent.
  • the wax may be a natural or synthetic hydrocarbon wax, a wax acid, ester, partially saponified wax, or polyethylene or polypropylene glycol, or a mixture thereof. It is preferred that the wax has a melting point of above 50°C.
  • a small amount of a waxsoluble dye such as Waxoline Blue, Solvent Green 3, Solvent Yellow 12, Solvent Red 19, 23, 24, 27 or 45, Solvent Black 3 is added to the wax and co-solvent.
  • an insoluble pigment such as Ultramarine may be utilisted.
  • Viscose polypropylene nonwoven fabric 50 gram per square metre
  • N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (insect repellent agent) dispersed in water with the aid of a nonionic wetting agent, e.g. linear alcohol ethoxylate
  • the impregnant is then applied to the fabric to give a loading ofbetween 2.5 and 50% by weight of Diethyl toluamide, but preferably between 10 and 25%.
  • the indicator formulation made up as follows:
  • An especially preferred indicator dye formulation would be:
  • This indicator formulation is applied in stripes or some other format to the impregnated and dried substrate, such that a proportion of the substrate having been impregnated receives the indicator.
  • Example 3 SUBSTRATE Viscose polypropylene nonwoven.
  • This formulation is suitable for direct application of the DEET as neat raw material followed by gravure or flexographic printing of the indicator component.
  • the ratio of components in..the indicator system may be varied depending on the particular product characteristics required.
  • a typical formulation would be 3 PARTS DEET to 1 PART equal proportions of the two waxes, with a final pigment concentration of between 5 and 20% by weight of the indicator composition.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pièce de tissu comprenant un substrat souple, sur au moins une partie duquel on a appliqué un agent actif insoluble dans l'eau, et pouvant être transféré sur une surface par frottement, ainsi qu'un colorant indicateur transféré sur la surface en même temps que l'agent actif, donnant ainsi une indication d'épuisement visible de l'agent actif. L'agent actif étant notamment un produit anti-insecte.The invention relates to a piece of fabric comprising a flexible substrate, on at least part of which has been applied an active agent which is insoluble in water and which can be transferred to a surface by friction, as well as an indicator dye transferred to the surface. surface at the same time as the active agent, thus giving an indication of visible exhaustion of the active agent. The active agent being in particular an anti-insect product.

Description

Insect Repellent
In previous patent number 2007096 and patent application number 8518736 we have described methods of indicating the presence of impregnants or treatments in substrates of various kinds. Particularly, these inventions have been of value in indicating the continuing presence of useful levels of water soluble disinfectant compositions on wiping cloths for various applications within the food, health-care, dairy and other industries.
The present invention addresses itself to the need to indicate the remaining presence of useful levels of water-insoluble active agents on flexible substrates such as wipes, pads, cloths, sponges, sponge-cloth, mats, clothing, head-bands, mittens, gloves of woven and nonwoven fabrics, other fibrous materials, animal skin products (e.g. leather) and animal furs. Further, the present invention covers such articles comprising a substrate, a water insoluble active agent, and a visual indicator of the continuing presence or conversely of the depletion of said active agent, which may be a chemical substance, mixture or formulation.
Particularly, the present invention covers substrates having applied thereto, as active agent, insect repellent compositions which may usefully be transferred to inanimate surfaces, human hair or skin, or animal skin, hair, or fur. However, the invention is not limited to insect repellent as active agents. Any chemical agent which could usefully be transferred to a surface, to modify the manner in which the surface interacts with its environment could be used for instance insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, biocides, timber treatment agents, rot proofing agents, corrosion inhibitors, cosmetics, dermatological agents, polish, pheromome attractants or combinations thereof.
According to one aspect of the invention, we provide a wipe comprising a flexible substrate, to at least a portion of which has been applied a water-insoluble active agent which can be transferred to a surface by wiping and an indicator dye which becomes transferred to the surface along with the active agent, thus giving a visible indication of depletion of the active agent.
Preferably, active agent has been applied to the substrate as a first step, and the indicator dye in a subsequent step. In that case, the indicator dye is preferably applied in conjunction with a substance in which the dye is soluble but in which the active agent is at least partially insoluble. That substance is preferably a wax.
More preferably, the indicator dye and the wax are applied in the form of a solution at a temperature above ambient temperature, the solvent being such that the wax is at least partially insoluble in it at ambient temperature. That solvent is preferably more of the active agent that was already applied in the first step.
Thus, we provide a flexible substrate, such as a cloth, wipe, sponge pad or other form of substrate, preferably a woven or nonwoven textile or fabric to which has been applied, uniformly or otherwise, an agent comprising an active substantially water insoluble component which component may be in formulation with other materials and may be in aqueous emulsion or dispersion at its time of application to the substrate. Further, there is applied to this treated substrate an indicator system which comprises one or more components which are at least partially insoluble, and preferably are substantially insoluble, in the active component at normal ambient temperatures: along with the dye or pigment, which may be soluble or insoluble in the active component. The said indicator is capable of application in a discreet and clearly delineated form, such as stripes, patterns, images or logos, and will maintain this distinct format subsequent to production and throughout the proper storage of the product. However, upon usage of the product the indicator will fade, blur, or otherwise start to disappear as it is transferred to the requisite surface along with the active component, e.g. when an insect repellent wipe is rubbed on the skin.
More precisely, flexible substrates used in this invention are preferably woven or nonwoven fabrics composed of natural or synthetic fibres, particularly cellulosic fibres such as viscose, or petrochemical derived polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, polyesters.
In an insect repellent embodiment of the invention the insect repellent agent is chosen from among those chemicals known to have the relevant properties of safety in use combined with repellent properties. The following are examples benzil, benzyl benzoate, 2,3,4,5-bis(butyl-2-ene)-tetrahydrofurfural, butoxypolypropylene glycol, N-butylacetanilide, n-butyl 6,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-pyrone-2-carboxylate, dibutyl adipate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl succinate, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, dimethyl carbate (cis-dimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]-5-heptene-2,3-dicarboxylate), dimethyl phthalate, 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, di-n-propyl isocinchomeronate, 2-phenylcyclohexanol, n-propyl N,N-diethylsuccinamate or citronellol.
In preferred compositions of this invention the insect repellent agent is N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide either alone or in combination with other insect repellent agents. This material is preferably but not of necessity applied to the substrate in the form of a simple aqueous emulsion. A suitable emulsifier is a linear alcohol mixed ethoxylate propoxylate block copolymer.
The indicator system is preferably prepared in the form of a liquid made by dissolving a wax in a solvent, which solvent may be the active chemical, e.g. diethyl toluamide, or may be some other solvent. The wax may be a natural or synthetic hydrocarbon wax, a wax acid, ester, partially saponified wax, or polyethylene or polypropylene glycol, or a mixture thereof. It is preferred that the wax has a melting point of above 50°C. A small amount of a waxsoluble dye such as Waxoline Blue, Solvent Green 3, Solvent Yellow 12, Solvent Red 19, 23, 24, 27 or 45, Solvent Black 3 is added to the wax and co-solvent. Alternatively an insoluble pigment such as Ultramarine may be utilisted. When all three components have dissolved and/or mixed, the indicator composition is applied to the impregnated substrate. Two example of insect repellent wipes within the scope of this invention are as follows:
Example 1 SUBSTRATE
Viscose polypropylene nonwoven fabric - 50 gram per square metre
IMPREGNANT
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (insect repellent agent) dispersed in water with the aid of a nonionic wetting agent, e.g. linear alcohol ethoxylate
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide 2% - 75% Emulsifying agent 2% - 25% Water 33% - 95%
The impregnant is then applied to the fabric to give a loading ofbetween 2.5 and 50% by weight of Diethyl toluamide, but preferably between 10 and 25%.
To this impregnated fabric is added the indicator formulation made up as follows:
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide 25% - 75% Wax 25% - 75% Dye Trace, to required depth of colour.
An especially preferred indicator dye formulation would be:
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide 75%
Wax (hydrocarbon) 25%
Waxoline Blue ? Trace
This indicator formulation is applied in stripes or some other format to the impregnated and dried substrate, such that a proportion of the substrate having been impregnated receives the indicator. In an alternative embodiment it is possible to apply the indicator over the whole of the substrate, and in such a case only a very small proportion, of wax or even no wax at all need to be present.
Example 2 SUBSTRATE Viscose polyester nonwoven
IMPREGNANT
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide
INDICATOR Dimethyl phthalate Polyethylene glycol 6000 Sudan III dye If desired other components may be included such as fragrances, emollients, sun screens, etc.
Example 3 SUBSTRATE Viscose polypropylene nonwoven.
IMPREGNANT
N,N Diethyl-M-Toluamide
INDICATOR N,N Diethyl-M-Toluamide Hydrocarbon was Polyethylene glycol 4000 Ultramarine pigment
This formulation is suitable for direct application of the DEET as neat raw material followed by gravure or flexographic printing of the indicator component. The ratio of components in..the indicator system may be varied depending on the particular product characteristics required. A typical formulation would be 3 PARTS DEET to 1 PART equal proportions of the two waxes, with a final pigment concentration of between 5 and 20% by weight of the indicator composition.

Claims

1 A wipe comprising a flexible substrate, to at least a portion of which has been applied water-insoluble active agent which can be transferred to a surface by wiping and an indicator dye which becomes transferred to the surface along with the active agent, thus giving a visible indication of depletion of the active agent.
2. A wipe according to claim 1, wherein active agent has been applied to the substrate in a first step, and the indicator dye in a subsequent step.
3. A wipe according to claim 2, wherein the indicator dye is applied in conjunction with a solvent for the dye and also a substance with which the dye and solvent are only miscible above normal ambient temperature.
4. A wipe according to claim 3, wherein the said substance is a wax
5. A wipe according to claim 4, wherein the indicator dye and the wax are applied in the form of a solution at a temperature above ambient temperature, the solvent being such that the wax is at least partially insoluble in it at ambient temperature.
6. A wipe according to claim 5, wherein active agent in addition to that applied in the first step is utilised as the solvent for the wax in the second step.
7. A wipe according to any proceeding claim wherein the active agent is or includes N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide.
8. A wipe according to any of claims 1 to 6 wherein the active ingredient is or includes an insect repellent agent, for example benzil, benzyl benzoate, 2,3,4,5-bis(butyl-2-ene)- tetrahydrofurfural, butoxypolypropylene glycol, N- butylacetanilide, n-butyl 6,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-pyrone-2- carboxylate, dibutyl adipate, dibutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl succinate, dimethyl carbate (cis-dimethyl bicyclo(2.2.1)-5- heptene-2,3-dicarboxylate), dimethyl phthalate, 2-ethyl-2-butyl- 1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol di-n propyl isocinchoraeronate, 2-phenylcyclohexanol, n-propyl N,N- diethylsuccinamate or citronellol.
9. A wipe according to claim 4, wherein the wax is a natural or synthetic hydrocarbon wax, a waxy acid or ester, partially saponified ester or polyethylene or polypropylene glycol, or a mixture thereof.
10. A wipe according to claim 4 or 9, wherein the indicator dye is Waxoline Blue, Solvent Green 3, Solvent Yellow 12, Solvent Red 19, 23, 24, 27 or 45, Solvent Black 3. A wipe according to claim 4 or 9 wherein the indicator dye is an insoluble pigment.
11. A wipe according to any preceeding claim, wherein the substrate is chosen from a woven or nonwoven fabric comprising natural or synthetic fibres, or petrochemical derived polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, or polyesters.
12. A wipe according to any preceeding claim, wherein the active agent is chosen from insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, biocides, timber treatment agents, rot proofing agents, corrosion inhibitors, cosmetics, dermatological agents, polish, pheromome attractants or combinations thereof.
EP19880908725 1987-10-21 1988-10-10 Insect repellent Withdrawn EP0383787A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8724646 1987-10-21
GB8724646A GB2211092A (en) 1987-10-21 1987-10-21 Wipe incorporating an indicator dye

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0383787A1 true EP0383787A1 (en) 1990-08-29

Family

ID=10625663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880908725 Withdrawn EP0383787A1 (en) 1987-10-21 1988-10-10 Insect repellent

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0383787A1 (en)
AU (1) AU611228B2 (en)
GB (1) GB2211092A (en)
WO (1) WO1989003639A1 (en)

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US6338855B1 (en) 1996-10-25 2002-01-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleansing articles for skin and/or hair which also deposit skin care actives
US6063397A (en) * 1996-10-25 2000-05-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable cleansing products for hair and skin
US5854145A (en) * 1997-05-14 1998-12-29 Cortec Corporation Corrosion inhibitor solution applicator
US5951991A (en) * 1997-05-22 1999-09-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleansing products with improved moisturization
US6132746A (en) * 1997-05-22 2000-10-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleansing products with improved moisturization
US6280757B1 (en) 1997-05-22 2001-08-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleansing articles for skin or hair
ES2143372B1 (en) * 1997-07-10 2000-12-01 Pubill Marcos Guasch SYSTEM FOR THE CONTROL OF CLEANING AND HYGIENE IN HOTEL, HOSPITALS AND OTHER ESTABLISHMENTS, AND GARMENTS AND RAGS USED IN SUCH SYSTEM.
ATE550010T1 (en) 1997-09-05 2012-04-15 Procter & Gamble PREPARATIONS FOR CLEANSING AND CONDITIONING SKIN AND HAIR WITH IMPROVED DEPOSITION OF CONDITIONING INGREDIENTS
ES2186199T3 (en) * 1997-09-12 2003-05-01 Procter & Gamble CLEANING AND CONDITIONING ITEM FOR SKIN OR HAIR.
ES2280270T3 (en) * 1999-12-28 2007-09-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. INDICATOR SYSTEM DEPENDENT ON THE USE OF ABSORBENT ITEMS.
BR0016015B1 (en) 1999-12-28 2010-12-28 cleaning cloth to disinfect rigid surfaces and method of forming an antimicrobial cleaning cloth to disinfect rigid surfaces.
AUPQ747900A0 (en) * 2000-05-12 2000-06-08 Novapharm Research (Australia) Pty Ltd Biocidal cloth
GB0320351D0 (en) * 2003-08-29 2003-10-01 Yates Donald H A preparation against flying insects that bite
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BR112012004153A2 (en) * 2009-08-26 2016-03-22 Basf Se use of a diol, biocide-finished molded body, and liquid preparation

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GB8518736D0 (en) * 1985-07-24 1985-08-29 Fibre Treatments Ltd Impregnated substrate
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1989003639A1 (en) 1989-05-05
AU2537288A (en) 1989-05-23
AU611228B2 (en) 1991-06-06
GB8724646D0 (en) 1987-11-25
GB2211092A (en) 1989-06-28

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