EP0379022B1 - Process and apparatus for cooling a partially oxidised gas - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for cooling a partially oxidised gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0379022B1 EP0379022B1 EP90100286A EP90100286A EP0379022B1 EP 0379022 B1 EP0379022 B1 EP 0379022B1 EP 90100286 A EP90100286 A EP 90100286A EP 90100286 A EP90100286 A EP 90100286A EP 0379022 B1 EP0379022 B1 EP 0379022B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- partial oxidation
- gas
- nozzle
- cooling fluid
- oxidation gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
- C10K1/06—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials combined with spraying with water
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for cooling partial oxidation gas, which is obtained in particular by partial oxidation of ballast-rich coal and / or other carbon carriers with a high proportion of inorganic accompanying substances at high temperatures in a reactor, with the inorganic accompanying substances carried in the partial oxidation gas being solidified a cooling fluid is introduced into the partial oxidation gas in the direction of flow of the gas.
- the partial oxidation gas leaving the reaction vessel at a temperature between 1,000 and 1,700 ° C. carries molten or sticky particles with it. Before further treatment of the gas, it must therefore be ensured that these accompanying substances do not impair the downstream processing process by deposits on the walls of the equipment used, on the heat exchanger surfaces and / or in the pipes.
- the invention now represents a further development of this method of operation and consists in that the entire amount of the cooling fluid is admixed to the partial oxidation gas in the flow direction before the gas path is constricted.
- the constriction of the gas path can be the cooling zone, which is immediately downstream of the reactor. In this case, the entire amount of the cooling fluid is then added to the partial oxidation gas inside the reactor before it enters the cooling zone.
- the constriction of the gas path can, however, also be a narrowing that is more or less distant from the outlet from the reactor if a gas channel, for example in the form of a radiation boiler, is attached to the reactor, which essentially has the same cross-section as the reactor has.
- the constriction of the gas path then lies behind this gas channel or the radiation boiler, e.g. in the form of a cooling zone only provided there or another treatment device for the partial oxidation gas.
- the uniformity of the annular cooling fluid stream flowing in the region of the constriction of the gas path into the partial oxidation gas is to be ensured in that the cooling fluid stream is divided into individual jets through individual bores in the ring line upstream of the inflow cross section.
- the nozzle-shaped transition is provided with a refractory lining which has slag-repellent properties, for example a graphite mass.
- the cylindrical reactor 1 is followed by a nozzle-shaped transition 2 as a mixing tube cross section, in the manner of the outflow nozzle from a wind boiler, in which the speed in the Z direction is initially zero.
- the cooling fluid flow is supplied via an annular gap 3 to which the ring line 4 is connected, which is supplied with cooling fluid via the pipeline 5.
- the uniform distribution of the cooling fluid flow over the annular gap 3 is achieved in that the ring line 4 is provided with individual bores 6 through which the cooling fluid flow flows into the annular gap 3 in the form of individual free jets.
- the distance 7 of the bores 6 to the exit end of the annular gap 3 is dimensioned such that the individual free jets overlap there and thus form a closed ring stream with the annular gap completely filled and thus there is no risk of recirculation of the partial oxidation gas with the possibility of Deposits within the annular gap.
- the invention can be carried out in the same manner and with the same good efficiency if, according to the above explanations, 1 does not denote the reactor, but rather a gas duct attached to it, for example a radiation boiler.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Partialoxidationsgas, das insbesondere durch Partialoxidation von ballastreicher Kohle und/oder sonstigen Kohlenstoffträgern mit einem hohen Anteil an anorganischen Begleitstoffen bei hohen Temperaturen in einem Reaktor gewonnen wird, wobei zur Verfestigung der im Partialoxidationsgas mitgeführten anorganischen Begleitstoffe in Strömungsrichtung des Gases ein Kühlfluid in das Partialoxidationsgas eingeführt wird.The invention relates to a method and a device for cooling partial oxidation gas, which is obtained in particular by partial oxidation of ballast-rich coal and / or other carbon carriers with a high proportion of inorganic accompanying substances at high temperatures in a reactor, with the inorganic accompanying substances carried in the partial oxidation gas being solidified a cooling fluid is introduced into the partial oxidation gas in the direction of flow of the gas.
Bei der Partialoxidation von Kohle und/oder sonstigen Kohlenstoffträgern bei Temperaturen oberhalb des Schlackeschmelzpunktes führt das das Reaktionsgefäß mit einer Temperatur zwischen 1.000 und 1.700°C verlassende Partialoxidationsgas schmelzflüssige bzw. klebrige Teilchen mit sich. Vor der Weiterbehandlung des Gases muß deshalb dafür gesorgt werden, daß diese Begleitstoffe den nachgeschalteten Verarbeitungsprozeß nicht durch Ablagerungen an den Wänden der verwendeten Apparaturen, an den Wärmeaustauscherflächen und/oder in den Rohren beeinträchtigen. In Verfolgung dieses Zieles ist es bereits angestrebt worden, innerhalb einer dem Reaktionsgefäß nachgeschalteten Kühlzone, die einen gegenüber dem des Reaktionsgefäßes reduzierten Querschnitt aufweist, ein Kühlfluid in den heißen Partialoxidationsgasstrom möglichst so einzumischen, daß das Partialoxidationsgas und die mitgeführten Begleitstoffe abgekühlt werden, ohne daß innerhalb der Kühlzone noch nicht verfestigte, das heißt noch klebefähige Teilchen an die Wandung der Kühlzone gelangen und dort zu Ablagerungen führen.In the partial oxidation of coal and / or other carbon carriers at temperatures above the slag melting point, the partial oxidation gas leaving the reaction vessel at a temperature between 1,000 and 1,700 ° C. carries molten or sticky particles with it. Before further treatment of the gas, it must therefore be ensured that these accompanying substances do not impair the downstream processing process by deposits on the walls of the equipment used, on the heat exchanger surfaces and / or in the pipes. In pursuit of this goal, it has already been attempted to mix a cooling fluid into the hot partial oxidation gas stream within a cooling zone downstream of the reaction vessel, which has a cross-section that is reduced compared to that of the reaction vessel, so that the partial oxidation gas and the entrained ones Accompanying substances are cooled without particles which have not yet solidified, that is to say still capable of adhering, reaching the wall of the cooling zone and leading to deposits there.
So ist zum Beispiel aus der DE-AS 3524802 ein Verfahren zum Kühlen eines heißen, klebrige Teilchen enthaltenden Produktgases bekannt, bei dem in das Produktgas in der Kühlzone ein ringförmiger Strahl eines Kühlfluids eingespritzt wird, der die Form eines sich in Strömungsrichtung des Gases verjüngenden Kegelstumpfes aufweist.For example, from DE-AS 3524802 a method for cooling a hot product gas containing sticky particles is known, in which an annular jet of cooling fluid is injected into the product gas in the cooling zone, which has the shape of a truncated cone tapering in the flow direction of the gas having.
Die bisher bekannten Maßnahmen beschränkten sich jedoch auf die Behandlung des Partialoxidationsgases innerhalb der dem Reaktionsgefäß nachgeschalteten Kühlzone. In der Praxis hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß insbesondere bei der Partialoxidation von ballastreicher Kohle und/oder sonstigen Kohlenstoffträgern mit einem hohen Anteil an anorganischen Begleitstoffen an der Übergangsstelle auf einen reduzierten Strömungsquerschnitt Ablagerungen durch angeströmte klebefähige Teilchen auftraten, die durch Maßnahmen innerhalb der Kühlzone nicht zu vermeiden waren. Das zwangsläufige Wachsen dieser Ablagerungen führt dabei dazu, daß der Gasweg in die Kühlzone und damit auch in die nachgeschalteten Gasbehandlungseinrichtungen verlegt und damit die gesamte Anlage funktionsunfähig wird.However, the measures known hitherto were limited to the treatment of the partial oxidation gas within the cooling zone downstream of the reaction vessel. In practice, however, it has been shown that, in particular in the partial oxidation of ballast-rich coal and / or other carbon carriers with a high proportion of inorganic accompanying substances at the transition point to a reduced flow cross-section, deposits occurred due to the flow of adhesive particles which did not occur due to measures within the cooling zone were to be avoided. The inevitable growth of these deposits leads to the fact that the gas path is moved into the cooling zone and thus also into the gas treatment devices connected downstream, and the entire system thus becomes inoperable.
Um diesem Mißstand zu begegnen, ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, daß in das Partialoxidationsgas innerhalb des Reaktors unmittelbar vor dem Eintritt in die Kühlzone zusätzlich ein weiterer ringförmiger Strom eines Kühlfluids eingespritzt wird, wobei dieser Kühlfluidstrom mit der Wand des Reaktionsgefäßes einen Winkel von 0 bis 90° und der Kühlfluidstrom in der Kühlzone mit der Wand der Kühlzone einen Winkel von 70 bis 90° bildet.In order to counter this situation, it has already been proposed that a further annular stream of cooling fluid is additionally injected into the partial oxidation gas within the reactor immediately before entering the cooling zone, this cooling fluid stream making an angle of 0 to 90 ° with the wall of the reaction vessel and the cooling fluid flow in the cooling zone forms an angle of 70 to 90 ° with the wall of the cooling zone.
Die Erfindung stellt nun eine Weiterentwicklung dieser Arbeitsweise dar und besteht darin, daß die gesamte Menge des Kühlfluids in Strömungsrichtung vor einer Einschnürung des Gasweges dem Partialoxidationsgas beigemischt wird.The invention now represents a further development of this method of operation and consists in that the entire amount of the cooling fluid is admixed to the partial oxidation gas in the flow direction before the gas path is constricted.
Bei der Einschnürung des Gasweges kann es sich um die Kühlzone handeln, die dem Reaktor unmittelbar nachgeschaltet ist. Hierbei wird dann die gesamte Menge des Kühlfluids noch innerhalb des Reaktors vor dem Eintritt in die Kühlzone dem Partialoxidationsgas aufgegeben.The constriction of the gas path can be the cooling zone, which is immediately downstream of the reactor. In this case, the entire amount of the cooling fluid is then added to the partial oxidation gas inside the reactor before it enters the cooling zone.
Bei der Einschnürung des Gasweges kann es sich aber auch um eine vom Austritt aus dem Reaktor mehr oder weniger weit entfernte Verengung handeln, wenn an den Reaktor nämlich zunächst ein Gaskanal, beispielsweise in Form eines Strahlungskessels, angesetzt ist, der im wesentlichen den gleichen Querschnitt wie der Reaktor aufweist. Die Einschnürung des Gasweges liegt dann erst hinter diesem Gaskanal bzw. dem Strahlungskessel, z.B. in Form einer erst dort vorgesehenen Kühlzone oder auch einer anderen Weiterbehandlungsvorrichtung für das Partialoxidationsgas.The constriction of the gas path can, however, also be a narrowing that is more or less distant from the outlet from the reactor if a gas channel, for example in the form of a radiation boiler, is attached to the reactor, which essentially has the same cross-section as the reactor has. The constriction of the gas path then lies behind this gas channel or the radiation boiler, e.g. in the form of a cooling zone only provided there or another treatment device for the partial oxidation gas.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit der erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahme die Gefahr von Ablagerungen wirkungsvoll beseitigt werden kann.It has been shown that the risk of deposits can be effectively eliminated with the measure according to the invention.
Die Erfindung sieht ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahrens vor, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß der Reaktor oder ein diesem nachgeschalteter Gaskanal mit im wesentlichen gleichen Querschnitt in einen düsenförmigen Mischrohrquerschnitt übergeht und die Düse so ausgebildet ist, daß die Eintrittsneigung gleich der Neigung ist, die sich für eine Düse mit einer Anfangseintrittsgeschwindigkeit W = 0 an der Stelle ergibt, an der die Düsenströmung die Geschwindigkeit hätte, mit der das Partialoxidationsgas in den Düsenbereich eintritt.The invention further provides an apparatus for performing the method described above, which is characterized in that the reactor or a this downstream gas channel with essentially the same cross section merges into a nozzle-shaped mixing tube cross section and the nozzle is designed such that the inclination of entry is equal to the inclination which results for a nozzle with an initial entry speed W = 0 at the point at which the nozzle flow determines the speed with which the partial oxidation gas enters the nozzle area.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung soll die Gleichförmigkeit des im Bereich der Einschnürung des Gasweges in das Partialoxidationsgas einströmenden ringförmigen Kühlfluidstromes dadurch gewährleistet sein, daß der Kühlfluidstrom durch Einzelbohrungen in der dem Einströmquerschnitt vorgeschalteten Ringleitung in einzelne Strahlen aufgeteilt ist.According to a further feature of the invention, the uniformity of the annular cooling fluid stream flowing in the region of the constriction of the gas path into the partial oxidation gas is to be ensured in that the cooling fluid stream is divided into individual jets through individual bores in the ring line upstream of the inflow cross section.
Schließlich ist noch vorgesehen, daß der düsenförmige Übergang mit einer Feuerfestauskleidung versehen ist, die schlackeabweisende Eigenschaften besitzt, beispielsweise eine Graphitmasse.Finally, it is also provided that the nozzle-shaped transition is provided with a refractory lining which has slag-repellent properties, for example a graphite mass.
Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung beispielsweise veranschaulicht.The invention is illustrated in the drawing, for example.
An den zylindrischen Reaktor 1 schließt sich ein düsenförmiger Übergang 2 als Mischrohrquerschnitt an, nach Art der Ausströmdüse aus einem Windkessel, bei dem die Geschwindigkeit in Z-Richtung zunächst gleich Null ist. Die Ausbildung des düsenförmigen Übergangs ist derart, daß die Eintrittsneigung gleich der Neigung ist, die sich für eine Düse mit einer Anfangseintrittsgeschwindigkeit W = 0 an der Stelle ergibt, an der die Düsen strömung die Geschwindigkeit hätte, mit der das Partialoxidationsgas in den Düsenbereich eintritt.The cylindrical reactor 1 is followed by a nozzle-shaped transition 2 as a mixing tube cross section, in the manner of the outflow nozzle from a wind boiler, in which the speed in the Z direction is initially zero. The formation of the nozzle-shaped transition is such that the inclination of entry is equal to the inclination which results for a nozzle with an initial entry speed W = 0 at the point at which the nozzles flow would have the speed at which the partial oxidation gas enters the nozzle area.
Am Austritt des zylindrischen Reaktors 1 wird der Kühlfluidstrom über einen Ringspalt 3 zugeführt, an den die Ringleitung 4 angeschlossen ist, die über die Rohrleitung 5 mit Kühlfluid versorgt wird. Die gleichmäßige Verteilung des Kühlfluidstromes über den Ringspalt 3 wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Ringleitung 4 mit Einzelbohrungen 6 versehen ist, durch die der Kühlfluidstrom in Form einzelner Freistrahlen in den Ringspalt 3 einströmt. Der Abstand 7 der Bohrungen 6 bis zum Austrittsende des Ringspaltes 3 ist dabei so bemessen, daß sich die einzelnen Freistrahlen bis dort überdecken und so einen geschlossenen Ringstrom unter vollständiger Ausfüllung des Ringspaltes ausbilden und sich somit nicht die Gefahr einer Rezirkulation des Partialoxidationsgases mit der Möglichkeit von Ablagerungen innerhalb des Ringspaltes einstellt.At the outlet of the cylindrical reactor 1, the cooling fluid flow is supplied via an annular gap 3 to which the ring line 4 is connected, which is supplied with cooling fluid via the pipeline 5. The uniform distribution of the cooling fluid flow over the annular gap 3 is achieved in that the ring line 4 is provided with individual bores 6 through which the cooling fluid flow flows into the annular gap 3 in the form of individual free jets. The distance 7 of the bores 6 to the exit end of the annular gap 3 is dimensioned such that the individual free jets overlap there and thus form a closed ring stream with the annular gap completely filled and thus there is no risk of recirculation of the partial oxidation gas with the possibility of Deposits within the annular gap.
Mit 8 ist schließlich noch die Feuerfestauskleidung des düsenförmigen Überganges 2 bezeichnet.Finally, 8 is the refractory lining of the nozzle-shaped transition 2.
Die Erfindung ist in gleicher Weise und mit gleich gutem Wirkungsgrad ausführbar, wenn entsprechend obigen Ausführungen mit 1 nicht der Reaktor, sondern ein daran angesetzter Gaskanal, beispielsweise ein Strahlungskessel, bezeichnet ist.The invention can be carried out in the same manner and with the same good efficiency if, according to the above explanations, 1 does not denote the reactor, but rather a gas duct attached to it, for example a radiation boiler.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3901601A DE3901601A1 (en) | 1989-01-20 | 1989-01-20 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING PARTIAL OXIDATION GAS |
| DE3901601 | 1989-01-20 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0379022A2 EP0379022A2 (en) | 1990-07-25 |
| EP0379022A3 EP0379022A3 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
| EP0379022B1 true EP0379022B1 (en) | 1991-12-04 |
Family
ID=6372458
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90100286A Expired - Lifetime EP0379022B1 (en) | 1989-01-20 | 1990-01-08 | Process and apparatus for cooling a partially oxidised gas |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0379022B1 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD299072A5 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3901601A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2028479T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL163293B1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA899500B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8685119B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2014-04-01 | Shell Oil Company | Method and system for producing synthesis gas, gasification reactor, and gasification system |
| US8960651B2 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2015-02-24 | Shell Oil Company | Vessel for cooling syngas |
| US9051522B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2015-06-09 | Shell Oil Company | Gasification reactor |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19526403A1 (en) * | 1994-07-20 | 1996-03-07 | Steag Ag | Appts. for producing gas under high pressure and temp. conditions by pulverised fuel firing |
| CN101547730B (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2012-02-01 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Spray nozzle manifold and process for quenching a hot gas using such an arrangement |
| US8012436B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2011-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Quenching vessel |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL178134C (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1986-02-03 | Shell Int Research | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING A HOT PRODUCT GAS. |
| DE3816340A1 (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-23 | Krupp Koppers Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING A HOT PRODUCT GAS THAT STICKY OR. MELT-LIQUID PARTICLES INCLUDED |
-
1989
- 1989-01-20 DE DE3901601A patent/DE3901601A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-12-13 ZA ZA899500A patent/ZA899500B/en unknown
-
1990
- 1990-01-08 DE DE9090100286T patent/DE59000016D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-01-08 EP EP90100286A patent/EP0379022B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-08 ES ES199090100286T patent/ES2028479T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-15 PL PL90283303A patent/PL163293B1/en unknown
- 1990-01-18 DD DD90337185A patent/DD299072A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8685119B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2014-04-01 | Shell Oil Company | Method and system for producing synthesis gas, gasification reactor, and gasification system |
| US9051522B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2015-06-09 | Shell Oil Company | Gasification reactor |
| US8960651B2 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2015-02-24 | Shell Oil Company | Vessel for cooling syngas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0379022A2 (en) | 1990-07-25 |
| DE3901601A1 (en) | 1990-07-26 |
| PL163293B1 (en) | 1994-03-31 |
| DE59000016D1 (en) | 1992-01-16 |
| DD299072A5 (en) | 1992-03-26 |
| ZA899500B (en) | 1990-09-26 |
| ES2028479T3 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
| EP0379022A3 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
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