EP0378021B1 - Capteur de signaux insensible aux variations de la pression statique - Google Patents

Capteur de signaux insensible aux variations de la pression statique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0378021B1
EP0378021B1 EP89403518A EP89403518A EP0378021B1 EP 0378021 B1 EP0378021 B1 EP 0378021B1 EP 89403518 A EP89403518 A EP 89403518A EP 89403518 A EP89403518 A EP 89403518A EP 0378021 B1 EP0378021 B1 EP 0378021B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure sensor
accordance
pressure
absorbent material
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89403518A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0378021A1 (fr
Inventor
Claude Beauducel
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Publication of EP0378021A1 publication Critical patent/EP0378021A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0378021B1 publication Critical patent/EP0378021B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
    • B06B1/0681—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface and a damping structure
    • B06B1/0685—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface and a damping structure on the back only of piezoelectric elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a signal sensor insensitive to variations in the static pressure prevailing in the medium in which it is arranged.
  • Such a signal sensor can be used in any environment where acoustic signals are measured and in particular in water.
  • a hydrophone comprising two circular plates. At least one of the two plates has a flexible central part against which is fixed a sensitive element consisting of a piezoelectric ceramic disc associated with an electrode on each of its two opposite planar faces.
  • the peripheral part of the two plates is reinforced and rigid.
  • the two plates are applied one against the other and delimit an interior cavity filled with air. Variations in the seismic signals to be measured distort each flexible central part.
  • Each sensitive element works in flexion, which gives it a high sensitivity.
  • the static pressure which increases with the depth of immersion for example, causes each flexible plate to flex towards the inside of the housing.
  • the device is designed so that the possible deformation of the flexible plates under the effect of static pressure remains reversible.
  • the spacing of the two plates is chosen for example so that they come into abutment against one another before their deformation becomes irreversible.
  • Such a hydrophone is suitable for a determined range of depths.
  • the French patent 1,556,971 also discloses a hydrophone comprising a sensitive element fixed to a flexible thin plate, which is subject to a rigid body.
  • This includes two interior cavities filled with air communicating through a capillary channel.
  • a first cavity is separated from the external environment by a flexible membrane.
  • the outside of the flexible plate is exposed to the pressure to be measured.
  • the pressure prevailing in the second cavity is applied to its inner face.
  • the variations in the external pressure are transmitted into the first cavity by deformation of the flexible membrane.
  • the capillary channel acting as a low-pass filter, prevents the transmission of dynamic variations in the pressure to be measured in the second cavity, on the inside of the thin plate. Dynamic pressure variations can therefore be measured.
  • the range of depths where the hydrophone can operate is significantly increased.
  • the limits are essentially fixed by the capacity of the membrane to compensate by its deformation, the variations of the external static pressure.
  • the filtering effect of the dynamic variations provided by the capillary depends on its length. If you are trying to widen the passband of such a hydrophone as much as possible towards low frequencies, use a very long capillary. In practice this solution is hardly compatible with the construction of very small hydrophones as is used in large numbers for the construction of seismic flutes for example.
  • the sensor according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks.
  • It comprises at least one flexible plate, a sensitive element fixed to this plate and filtering means for subtracting one of the faces of said plate from dynamic variations in the pressure of the medium. It is characterized in that the filtering means comprise a volume of a substantially incompressible absorbent material suitable for transmitting to this face the variations in the static pressure of the medium.
  • the volume of substantially incompressible absorbent material is contained, for example, in a box open to the medium.
  • the volume of substantially incompressible absorbent material is produced for example from fibers produced in a rigid material from a so-called syntactic substance, balls of solid material (glass for example) coated in a binder or immersed in a liquid.
  • the senor according to the invention comprises at least a pair of flexible plates each provided with a sensitive element, and a volume of a substantially incompressible absorbent material to subtract one face of each of the plates from the dynamic variations of the pressure in the middle.
  • the two flexible plates are for example walls of a common housing containing the volume of damping material and provided with openings, this housing being able to comprise a screened portion and to be filled for example with glass beads.
  • the senor according to the invention can also be produced by applying at least one flexible plate provided with its sensitive element, against a face of said block.
  • the senor according to the invention can resist possible compression. This makes it possible to use relatively fragile piezoelectric ceramics but having a high electro-acoustic efficiency, bonded to very thin and very flexible plates.
  • the construction is made simpler because the absorbent material is in equi-pressure with the external medium and even in certain cases, is impregnated with this very medium. .
  • the difficulties that could be encountered in sealing the interior environment of the sensor housing are here eliminated.
  • Each sensor comprises (fig. 1) one or more sensitive elements 1 each consisting for example of a disc 2 produced in one piezoelectric material on the opposite faces of which are bonded two conductive films 3, 4 constituting the collecting electrodes. Electrical conductors 5 allow the electrodes to be connected to an adapter amplifier (not shown) as is well known.
  • the senor comprises for example at least one sensitive element 1 applied against a thin and flexible circular plate 6 provided with an annular flange 7.
  • This flange plate 6, 7 is crimped on one end of a rigid tubular sleeve 8.
  • the opposite end of the sleeve is closed by a plate 9 provided with openings, a grid for example.
  • the openings put the inside of the sleeve 8 in communication with the outside environment.
  • the inside of the sleeve is filled with a damping material 10 chosen for its ability to filter dynamic variations in the external pressure up to very low frequencies.
  • a fibrous material such as a fiberglass or textile wick.
  • this fibrous material permeates the fluid where the pressure sensor is immersed.
  • the static pressure of the fluid is therefore exerted on the two sides of the plate 6 supporting the sensitive element 1.
  • Due to the filtering effected by the damping material 10, the dynamic variations in the fluid pressure are exerted only by one single side of the flexible plate.
  • the sensitive element 1 can therefore pick up the vibrations thereof and translate them into an electrical signal.
  • the senor comprises two sensitive elements 1 associated respectively with two identical plates 6, 7 covering the opposite ends of a sleeve 8 whose side wall is crossed by numerous orifices 11.
  • the interior of the sleeve 8 is filled with a similar damping material, a fibrous substance or even a porous substance capable of being impregnated with the fluid penetrating into the sleeve through the openings 11.
  • this damping material has the effect of removing the inner faces of the two plates 6, 7 at the static pressure of the medium.
  • the two sensitive elements are electrically interconnected (by conductors not shown) as is well known for achieving electrical compensation for accelerations.
  • a composite substance of the so-called syntactic type can also be used as damping material.
  • the two flexible rim plates 6, 7 cover the ends of a sleeve made up of a portion of screened tube 12.
  • the interior is filled with a fibrous or porous damping material such as previously or even particles or glass beads 13 a few millimeters in diameter.
  • a binder 14 such as an epoxy resin.
  • the acoustic impedance of glass is very different from that of bonding resin. Because of the high density of beads it contains and therefore of glass / epoxy interfaces, the composite material has the effect of absorbing the variable acoustic waves on the side of the internal face of the plates 6, 7. The variations in the external static pressure are however transmitted to the internal faces of these same plates 6, 7.
  • the sensor is able to operate whatever the static pressure of the external medium.
  • the balls or grains can be produced generally from any solid material whose acoustic impedance is different from that of the interstitial material.
  • the interstitial substance between the balls can be replaced by the fluid where the sensor is placed.
  • the damping material has sufficient cohesion to be cut into a block 15.
  • Each support plate 6, 7 is pressed directly against one face of the block 15 so that its inner face is removed from the dynamic pressure variations which are absorbed by the material.
  • Sensors can be included in a marine seismic flute 16.
  • This generally comprises a flexible sheath 17 of great length filled with oil or kerosene for example at all along which are distributed a large number of pressure sensors 18. Due to the openings made in each sleeve 8, the damping material when it is fibrous or porous, is impregnated with the liquid filling the flute 16. The variations in the external pressure, which they are static or dynamic, are transmitted to the internal liquid through the sheath 17. But here again only the dynamic variations of the pressure are measured by each sensitive element.
  • the fluid where the sensor is placed can be used as interstitial fluid (case of glass beads) or as impregnation fluid (case of porous or fibrous materials).
  • the fluid can be water if the sensor is used as such as a hydrophone. It is noted however that the damping effect of the acoustic signals is better when the liquid is viscous. This is the case of the liquid generally filling the seismic streamers.
  • This fluid can in this case be chosen according to its physical properties to constitute, with the damping medium, an optimal acoustic absorbent.
  • boxes made of a sintered material which has the property of being transparent to variations in static pressure .
  • a suitable material can be obtained, for example, by strongly compressing small beads. Its granularity depends on the size of these.
  • a sintered material casing also has the effect of attenuating variations in dynamic pressure. It can be used alone or in combination with an acoustic absorbent such as those previously defined, to absorb dynamic variations which could be transmitted inside.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
EP89403518A 1988-12-23 1989-12-15 Capteur de signaux insensible aux variations de la pression statique Expired - Lifetime EP0378021B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8817205 1988-12-23
FR8817205A FR2641155B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-12-23 1988-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0378021A1 EP0378021A1 (fr) 1990-07-18
EP0378021B1 true EP0378021B1 (fr) 1992-07-29

Family

ID=9373437

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89403518A Expired - Lifetime EP0378021B1 (fr) 1988-12-23 1989-12-15 Capteur de signaux insensible aux variations de la pression statique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4996675A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0378021B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH02224598A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN1019444B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA2006565A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE68902311T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2641155B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO174490C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2664119B1 (fr) * 1990-06-29 1993-06-11 Inst Francais Du Petrole Systeme integre de reception d'ondes acoustiques de grande longueur.
US5297553A (en) * 1992-09-23 1994-03-29 Acuson Corporation Ultrasound transducer with improved rigid backing
DE4318978C2 (de) * 1993-06-08 1996-09-05 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Piezoelektrischer Aktuator
US5646470A (en) * 1994-04-01 1997-07-08 Benthos, Inc. Acoustic transducer
US6418792B1 (en) 1999-09-24 2002-07-16 Stephen Edward Spychalski Pressure compensated transducer
JP4765782B2 (ja) * 2006-06-09 2011-09-07 日本電気株式会社 水中送波器及び水中送波方法
US8712694B2 (en) * 2009-10-05 2014-04-29 Westerngeco L.L.C. Combining seismic data from sensors to attenuate noise
US8838392B2 (en) * 2009-10-05 2014-09-16 Westerngeco L.L.C. Noise attenuation in passive seismic data
US9110187B2 (en) * 2009-10-05 2015-08-18 Westerngeco L.L.C. Sensor assembly having a seismic sensor and a divergence sensor
US8520469B2 (en) * 2009-10-12 2013-08-27 Westerngeco L.L.C. Sensor assembly having a seismic sensor, pressure sensor, and processor to apply first and second digital filters
US20110085417A1 (en) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-14 Daniel Ronnow String of Sensor Assemblies Having a Seismic Sensor and Pressure Sensor
GB201001004D0 (en) * 2010-01-22 2010-03-10 Reckitt Benckiser Inc Toilet flush detection system utilizing transducer with piezoelectric sounder element
US10602289B2 (en) * 2010-03-09 2020-03-24 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Acoustic transducer with a liquid-filled porous medium backing and methods of making and using same
US9091783B2 (en) 2010-11-04 2015-07-28 Westerngeco L.L.C. Computing a calibration term based on combining divergence data and seismic data
CN103017949A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-04-03 安徽埃克森科技集团有限公司 一种带振动补偿的压阻式压力传感器
US9594174B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2017-03-14 Westerngeco L.L.C. Computing rotation data using a gradient of translational data
US10408954B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2019-09-10 Westerngeco L.L.C. Seismic sensor coupling
CN104316955B (zh) * 2014-11-06 2017-01-18 安徽理工大学 一种基于阻抗分析的构造地震预测实验装置及方法
CN104297795B (zh) * 2014-11-06 2016-09-14 安徽理工大学 一种基于阻抗分析的飞机黑匣子探测实验装置及方法
US9534492B2 (en) * 2014-11-11 2017-01-03 Baker Hughes Incorporated Pressure compensated capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer for downhole applications
CN120178221A (zh) * 2024-06-04 2025-06-20 云南保利天同水下装备科技有限公司 声纳的接收电子舱、接收装置及其组装方法

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE916593C (de) * 1949-09-08 1954-08-12 Ultrakust Geraetebau Dr Ing Os Ultraschallgeber
US3372370A (en) * 1965-09-22 1968-03-05 Aquasonics Engineering Company Electroacoustic transducer
US3375489A (en) * 1966-03-14 1968-03-26 Harry W. Kompanek Pressure compensated transducer
US3380019A (en) * 1967-01-27 1968-04-23 Navy Usa Pressure-gradient hydrophone
US3900543A (en) * 1971-01-11 1975-08-19 Schlumberger Technology Corp Method for making a foam seismic streamer
FR2198155A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-08-29 1974-03-29 Schlumberger Technology Corp
US3794866A (en) * 1972-11-09 1974-02-26 Automation Ind Inc Ultrasonic search unit construction
FR2282627A1 (fr) * 1974-08-19 1976-03-19 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Dispositif detecteur de vibrations mecaniques et procede d'adaptation, notamment dans le domaine musical
US4166229A (en) * 1978-02-23 1979-08-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Piezoelectric polymer membrane stress gage
US4439497A (en) * 1982-05-27 1984-03-27 Shell Oil Company Ultrasonic sound absorber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2006565A1 (fr) 1990-06-23
NO895169L (no) 1990-06-25
FR2641155B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1994-06-03
DE68902311T2 (de) 1993-02-18
CN1043845A (zh) 1990-07-11
EP0378021A1 (fr) 1990-07-18
NO174490B (no) 1994-01-31
JPH02224598A (ja) 1990-09-06
DE68902311D1 (de) 1992-09-03
NO895169D0 (no) 1989-12-21
FR2641155A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-06-29
US4996675A (en) 1991-02-26
NO174490C (no) 1994-05-11
CN1019444B (zh) 1992-12-09

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