EP0376811B1 - Remote actuator with a nozzle-needle system - Google Patents

Remote actuator with a nozzle-needle system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0376811B1
EP0376811B1 EP89403594A EP89403594A EP0376811B1 EP 0376811 B1 EP0376811 B1 EP 0376811B1 EP 89403594 A EP89403594 A EP 89403594A EP 89403594 A EP89403594 A EP 89403594A EP 0376811 B1 EP0376811 B1 EP 0376811B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
piston
pressure
operating device
needle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89403594A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0376811A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Morin
Christian Bardin
Jean Boulet
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/004—Indexing systems for guiding relative movement between telescoping parts of downhole tools
    • E21B23/006—"J-slot" systems, i.e. lug and slot indexing mechanisms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
    • E21B47/095—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes by detecting an acoustic anomalies, e.g. using mud-pressure pulses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for remote actuation of equipment used in connection with conduits in which a fluid circulates.
  • annular piston having two faces and a throttle member with a variable passage section comprising an element of the calibrated orifice type called later duse and a male element later called needle.
  • One side of this piston is subjected to the pressure forces existing on one side of the throttle member, the other face is subjected to the pressure forces existing on the other side of the throttle member.
  • the nozzle is carried by the piston and the needle is fixed relative to a conduit containing the assembly and in which the piston can move to effect the desired actuation.
  • the piston has return means which keep it in a rest position corresponding to a relatively large cross-section of the throttle member causing a low pressure drop for service flows.
  • the present invention solves this problem by using a nozzle or a needle carried by the piston, but movable relative to this piston.
  • This nozzle or needle of small size relative to the piston fitted with appropriate return means is sensitive precisely to a flow threshold.
  • the present invention relates to a device for the remote actuation of equipment by a variation in the flow conditions of a fluid, possibly incompressible, in a pipe associated with said equipment, comprising a throttling assembly of the section of passage of the fluid comprising an element of the calibrated orifice type and a male element of the needle type cooperating with each other to create a pressure drop upstream of the flow when they slide relative to each other, a piston of actuation movable in the axial direction of the pipe and subjected on one side to the pressure upstream of said throttle assembly and on the other side to the downstream pressure of said throttle assembly, one of the elements of said throttle assembly is mounted on the piston, the other element is integral with the pipe.
  • This device is characterized in that the element mounted on the piston is slidably mounted, in that it comprises means for returning said element slidably mounted in a predetermined position relative to the piston and in that said sliding element creates a first loss load for a given flow rate adapted to make said sliding element slide relative to the other element, thus creating a second pressure drop adapted to move said piston axially.
  • Said piston may include return means in a predetermined position relative to said pipe.
  • the element mounted to slide in said piston could alternatively be either the element of the calibrated orifice type or the male element of the needle type, one excluding the other.
  • the needle may be hollow and include lights which cooperate with other lights carried by said nozzle.
  • the apertures may have a shape adapted to gradually reduce the cross-section of the fluid passage over a portion of the travel of said needle.
  • Figures 1 to 5 show exemplary embodiments of the device according to the present invention applied to the control of a variable geometry stabilizer, or a variable angle bent element.
  • Figures 1, 2 and 3 show a particularly advantageous embodiment of a bent element with variable angle.
  • a tubular element has in its upper part a thread 1 allowing the mechanical connection to the drill string and in its lower part a thread 2 on the output shaft 3, in order to screw the tool. drilling 4.
  • the remote control mechanism consists of an actuating piston 12, later called a shaft 12, which can slide in its upper part in the bore 13 of the body 8 and can slide in its lower part in the bore 14 of the body 7.
  • This shaft has male grooves 15 meshing in female grooves of the body 8, grooves 16 alternately straight (parallel to the axis of the tubular body) and oblique (inclined relative to the axis of the tubular body 8) in which s engaging fingers 17 sliding along an axis perpendicular to that of the displacement of the shaft 12 and kept in contact with the shaft by springs 18, male splines 19 meshing with female splines of the body 7 only when the shaft 12 is in the high position.
  • the shaft 12 is equipped in its lower part with a bore 20 opposite which is a needle 21 coaxial with the movement of the shaft 12.
  • a return spring 22 maintains the shaft in the high position, the splines 19 meshing in the equivalent female grooves of the body 7.
  • the nozzle 20 is slidably mounted in a housing 23 integral with the shaft 12.
  • the bodies 7 and 8 are free to rotate at the level of the rotating surface 30 coaxial with the axes of the bodies 7 and 8 and composed of rows of cylindrical rollers 31 inserted in their raceways and extractable through the orifices 32 by dismantling the door 33.
  • the nozzle 20 and the needle 21 form means for detecting information in this case a flow threshold.
  • the shaft 12 with its arrangements constitutes the power means for activating the bent element 9 via the tubular body 7 which constitutes a transmission element.
  • a reserve of oil 34 is maintained at the pressure of the drilling fluid by means of an annular free piston 35.
  • the oil lubricates the sliding surfaces of the shaft 12 via the passage 36.
  • the shaft 12 is machined so that an axial bore 79 allows the passage of the drilling fluid according to the arrow f.
  • a spring 24 keeps the usage 20 in a high position which corresponds to a rest position. This position is considered relative to the shaft 12.
  • the spring 24 bears on a collar 25 integral with the bore 20 on the one hand, and on a shoulder 26 integral with the shaft 12.
  • the guidance of the bore is ensured by a bore 27 in which the collar 25 slides as well as by the circular body 28 of the bore which slides in the orifice 29.
  • the angle variation mechanism itself which is the member to be actuated in this example comprises a tubular body 38 which is rotationally integral with the tubular body 7 by means of a coupling 39.
  • the tubular body 38 can rotate with respect to the tubular body 8 at the level of the rotary surface 10 comprising rollers 39A and having an axis of rotation oblique with respect to the axes of the tubular bodies 8 and 38.
  • FIG. 5 A possible embodiment for the coupling 39 is shown in FIG. 5.
  • This type of remote control is based on a threshold value of the flow through the mechanism according to the arrow f.
  • the nozzle 20 will surround the needle 21 which will cause a large decrease in the cross section of the drilling fluid and therefore a large increase in the pressure difference ⁇ P and therefore a significant increase in the force F 's. 'exerting on the shaft 12 and ensuring the complete descent of this shaft 12, despite the increase in the return force of the spring 22 due to its compression and to the friction forces opposing its movement.
  • the fingers 17 will follow the oblique part of the grooves 16 during the downward stroke of the shaft 12 and will therefore cause the body to rotate tubular 7 relative to the tubular body 8, which is made possible by the fact that the male splines 19 will disengage from the corresponding female splines of the body 7 at the start of the downward stroke of the shaft 12.
  • the needle 21 may include a variation in diameter. In the case of FIG. 1, there is an increase in diameter 44. Thus when the nozzle arrives at this protuberance 44 there is a reduction in the cross-section of the fluid which results in a constant flow rate. overpressure in the drilling fluid.
  • This overpressure is detectable on the surface.
  • the position of the protrusion 44 is such that the overpressure only appears when the shaft 12 is at the low end of travel.
  • FIG. 5 is a developed illustration of parts 42 and 43 which make it possible to transmit the rotation of the tubular body 7 to the tubular body 38 while allowing relative angular movement of these two tubular bodies.
  • the part 42 comprises housings 45 in which rods 46 having spheres 47 come to cooperate.
  • rods 46 having spheres 47 come to cooperate.
  • the member to be actuated is a stabilizer with variable geometry.
  • the remote control mechanism of this stabilizer is the same as that described above.
  • FIG. 4 describes the mechanism for varying the position of one or more blades of an integrated stabilizer.
  • Figure 4 can be considered as the lower part of Figure 1.
  • Grooves 48 are machined at the lower end of the body 7, the depth of which differs according to the angular sector concerned. Apply to the bottom of these grooves pushers 49 on which rest blades 50 straight or helical in shape under the action of leaf return springs 51 positioned under protective covers 52.
  • the pushers 49 will be on a sector of the groove 48 whose depth will be different. This will cause a translation of the blades, either by moving away, or by approaching the axis of the body.
  • Figure 4 shows on the right side a blade in the "retracted” position and on the left side a blade in the "extended” position. Several intermediate positions are possible, depending on the angular rotation pitch of the remote-controlled rotation mechanism.
  • FIGS. 6, 6A and 6B correspond respectively to FIGS. 1, 1A and 1B as regards the position of the shaft 12 as well as the state of the nozzle-needle system.
  • the needle 53 is integral with the shaft 12 and has a passage 54.
  • This needle which is therefore hollow, has slots 55 which cooperate with slots 56 formed in the nozzle 57 which is integral with the body tubular 7.
  • the nozzle 57 is cylindrical and has a closed bottom 58.
  • the needle 53 which is also cylindrical, slides in the nozzle 57.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show in a developed manner, particular shapes of lights 59 of the nozzle 57. These shapes make it possible to achieve a progression of the passage section left to the fluid when the needle 53 moves in the nozzle 57.
  • these lights may have a particular shape to indicate that the shaft 12 has reached the end of its travel, this is obtained in the case of the light shown in FIG. 7 when the light 55 supposed to be rectangular exceeds the bottom part 60 of the light 59 of the nozzle 57. In this case, there is an abrupt change in pressure detectable on the surface.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'actionnement à distance d'équipement utilisé en relation avec des conduits dans lesquels circule un fluide.The present invention relates to a device for remote actuation of equipment used in connection with conduits in which a fluid circulates.

Dans le domaine du forage pétrolier, il est souvent nécessaire d'actionner à distance des outils se trouvant dans le puits foré.In the field of oil drilling, it is often necessary to actuate tools located in the drilled well remotely.

L'actionnement de tels outils nécessite des fortes puissances.The actuation of such tools requires high powers.

Selon l'art antérieur, on utilise un piston annulaire ayant deux faces et un organe d'étranglement à section de passage variable comportant un élément du type orifice calibré appelé ultérieurement duse et un élément mâle appelé ultérieurement aiguille. Une face de ce piston est soumise aux forces de pression existant d'un côté de l'organe d'étranglement, l'autre face est soumise aux forces de pressions existant de l'autre côté de l'organe d'étranglement.According to the prior art, an annular piston is used having two faces and a throttle member with a variable passage section comprising an element of the calibrated orifice type called later duse and a male element later called needle. One side of this piston is subjected to the pressure forces existing on one side of the throttle member, the other face is subjected to the pressure forces existing on the other side of the throttle member.

Généralement, la duse est portée par le piston et l'aiguille est fixée relativement à un conduit contenant l'ensemble et dans lequel le piston peut se déplacer pour effectuer l'actionnement souhaité. Le piston comporte des moyens de rappel qui le maintiennent dans une position de repos correspondant à une section de passage de l'organe d'étranglement relativement importante provoquant une faible perte de charge pour les débits de services.Generally, the nozzle is carried by the piston and the needle is fixed relative to a conduit containing the assembly and in which the piston can move to effect the desired actuation. The piston has return means which keep it in a rest position corresponding to a relatively large cross-section of the throttle member causing a low pressure drop for service flows.

Lorsque l'on désire actionner l'équipement, on augmente le débit, ce qui augmente la perte de charge de part et d'autre de l'organe d'étranglement et donc le piston a tendance à se déplacer en contrariant les organes de rappel. Dans ce mouvement, la duse pénètre de plus en plus dans l'aiguille entraînant la diminution de la section de passage de l'organe d'étranglement d'où une augmentation de la perte de charge plus importante fournissant la puissance pour l'actionnement de l'équipement.When it is desired to actuate the equipment, the flow is increased, which increases the pressure drop on either side of the throttle member and therefore the piston tends to move while thwarting the return members . In this movement, the nozzle enters more and more into the needle resulting in the decrease in the cross-section of the throttle member, hence an increase in the greater pressure drop providing the power for the actuation of equipment.

L'art antérieur peut être illustré par le brevet FR-2,575,793.The prior art can be illustrated by patent FR-2,575,793.

Or, un tel dispositif présente un manque de précision en ce qui concerne le débit seuil entraînant le déclenchement de l'actionnement. En effet, l'ensemble constitué par le piston et le ressort de rappel, qui doivent réagir à ou transmettre des puissances importantes, ne peuvent pas être sensibles de manière précise à un seuil de débit donné, ceci par exemple du fait des efforts de frottement.However, such a device has a lack of precision with regard to the threshold flow rate causing the actuation to be triggered. In fact, the assembly constituted by the piston and the return spring, which must react to or transmit significant powers, cannot be sensitive to a given flow threshold in a precise manner, this for example due to friction forces .

La présente invention permet de résoudre ce problème en utilisant une duse ou une aiguille portée par le piston, mais mobile par rapport à ce piston.The present invention solves this problem by using a nozzle or a needle carried by the piston, but movable relative to this piston.

Cette duse ou cette aiguille de faible dimension relativement au piston équipée de moyens de rappel approprié est sensible de manière précise à un seuil de débit.This nozzle or needle of small size relative to the piston fitted with appropriate return means is sensitive precisely to a flow threshold.

Ainsi, la présente invention concerne un dispositif d'actionement à distance d'un équipement par une variation des conditions d'écoulement d'un fluide, éventuellement incompressible, dans une conduite associée audit équipement, comportant un ensemble d'étranglement de la section de passage du fluide comportant un élément du type orifice calibré et un élément mâle du type aiguille coopérant entre eux pour créer une perte de charge en amont de l'écoulement lorsqu'ils coulissent l'un par rapport à l'autre, un piston d'actionnement mobile dans la direction axiale de la conduite et soumis d'un côté à la pression en amont dudit ensemble d'étranglement et de l'autre coté à la pression aval dudit ensemble d'étranglement, un des éléments dudit ensemble d'étranglement est monté sur le piston, l'autre élément est solidaire de la conduite.Thus, the present invention relates to a device for the remote actuation of equipment by a variation in the flow conditions of a fluid, possibly incompressible, in a pipe associated with said equipment, comprising a throttling assembly of the section of passage of the fluid comprising an element of the calibrated orifice type and a male element of the needle type cooperating with each other to create a pressure drop upstream of the flow when they slide relative to each other, a piston of actuation movable in the axial direction of the pipe and subjected on one side to the pressure upstream of said throttle assembly and on the other side to the downstream pressure of said throttle assembly, one of the elements of said throttle assembly is mounted on the piston, the other element is integral with the pipe.

Ce dispositif se caractérise en ce que l'élément monté sur le piston est monté coulissant, en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de rappel dudit élément monté coulissant dans une position prédéterminée relativement au piston et en ce que ledit élément coulissant crée une première perte de charge pour un débit d'écoulement donné adaptée à faire coulisser ledit élément coulissant par rapport à l'autre élément, créant ainsi une deuxième perte de charge adaptée à déplacer axialement ledit piston.This device is characterized in that the element mounted on the piston is slidably mounted, in that it comprises means for returning said element slidably mounted in a predetermined position relative to the piston and in that said sliding element creates a first loss load for a given flow rate adapted to make said sliding element slide relative to the other element, thus creating a second pressure drop adapted to move said piston axially.

Ledit piston pourra comporter des moyens de rappel dans une position prédéterminée relativement à ladite conduite.Said piston may include return means in a predetermined position relative to said pipe.

L'élément monté coulissant dans ledit piston pourra être alternativement, soit l'élément du type orifice calibré, soit l'élément mâle du type aiguille, l'un excluant l'autre.The element mounted to slide in said piston could alternatively be either the element of the calibrated orifice type or the male element of the needle type, one excluding the other.

L'aiguille pourra être creuse et comporter des lumières qui coopèrent avec d'autres lumières portées par ladite duse.The needle may be hollow and include lights which cooperate with other lights carried by said nozzle.

Les lumières peuvent avoir une forme adaptée à réduire progressivement la section de passage du fluide sur une portion de la course de ladite aiguille.The apertures may have a shape adapted to gradually reduce the cross-section of the fluid passage over a portion of the travel of said needle.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront plus nettement à la description qui suit d'exemples particuliers nullement limitatifs illustrés par les figures ci-annexées, parmi lesquelles :

  • les figures 1, 1A et 1B représentent un mode de réalisation du dispositif duse-aiguille selon la présente invention,
  • les figures 2 et 3 montrent un équipement à actionner qui est un élément coudé à angle variable,
  • la figure 4 illustre un équipement à actionner qui est un stabilisateur à géométrie variable,
  • la figure 5 représente un détail du système d'entraînement de tiges permettant la flexion de ces tiges,
  • les figures 6, 6A et 6B représentent un autre mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention, et
  • les figures 7 et 8 montrent une forme particulière de lumières aménagée dans le système duse-aiguille.
The present invention will be better understood and its advantages will become more clearly apparent from the following description of particular, non-limiting examples illustrated by the appended figures, among which:
  • FIGS. 1, 1A and 1B represent an embodiment of the needle-needle device according to the present invention,
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show an item of equipment to be actuated which is a bent element with variable angle,
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an item of equipment to be actuated which is a stabilizer with variable geometry,
  • FIG. 5 represents a detail of the rod drive system allowing the bending of these rods,
  • FIGS. 6, 6A and 6B represent another embodiment of the device according to the invention, and
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a particular form of lights arranged in the nozzle-needle system.

Les figures 1 à 5 montrent des exemples de réalisation du dispositif selon la présente invention appliqué à la commande d'un stabilisateur à géométrie variable, ou d'un élément coudé à angle variable.Figures 1 to 5 show exemplary embodiments of the device according to the present invention applied to the control of a variable geometry stabilizer, or a variable angle bent element.

Les figures 1, 2 et 3 montrent un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux d'un élément coudé à angle variable. Selon ce mode de réalisation un élément de forme tubulaire comporte dans sa partie supérieure un filetage 1 permettant la liaison mécanique à la garniture de forage et dans sa partie inférieure un filetage 2 sur l'arbre de sortie 3, afin de visser l'outil de forage 4.Figures 1, 2 and 3 show a particularly advantageous embodiment of a bent element with variable angle. According to this embodiment, a tubular element has in its upper part a thread 1 allowing the mechanical connection to the drill string and in its lower part a thread 2 on the output shaft 3, in order to screw the tool. drilling 4.

Les principales fonctions sont assurées :

  • A. par le moteur de fond 5 représenté sur la figure 2 sous forme d'un moteur volumétrique multilobes de type Moineau, mais pouvant être tout type de moteur de fond (volumétrique ou turbine) couramment utilisé pour la foration terrestre et qui ne feront donc pas l'objet d'une description détaillée.
  • B. par un mécanisme de télécommande 6 ayant pour fonction de capter l'information de changement de position et de provoquer la rotation différentielle du corps tubulaire 7 relativement au corps tubulaire 8.
  • C. par un mécanisme 9 d'entraînement et d'encaissement des efforts axiaux et latéraux reliant le moteur de fond 5 à l'arbre de sortie 3 qui ne sera pas décrit ici, car il est connu de l'homme de métier.
  • D. par un mécanisme de variation de la géométrie 10 basé sur la rotation du corps tubulaire 7. La référence 11 désigne un joint universel. Celui-ci est utile lorsque le moteur est de type Moineau ou/et lorsqu'il est utilisé un élément coudé 10.
The main functions are ensured:
  • A. by the downhole motor 5 represented in FIG. 2 in the form of a multi-lobe volumetric motor of the Sparrow type, but which can be any type of downhole motor (volumetric or turbine) commonly used for land drilling and which therefore will not not the subject of a detailed description.
  • B. by a remote control mechanism 6 having the function of picking up the information of change of position and of causing the differential rotation of the tubular body 7 relative to the tubular body 8.
  • C. by a mechanism 9 for driving and collecting the axial and lateral forces connecting the downhole motor 5 to the output shaft 3 which will not be described here, as it is known to those skilled in the art.
  • D. by a mechanism for varying the geometry 10 based on the rotation of the tubular body 7. The reference 11 designates a universal joint. This is useful when the motor is of the sparrow type and / or when a bent element 10 is used.

Le mécanisme de télécommande se compose d'un piston d'actionnement 12, appelé ultérieurement arbre 12, pouvant coulisser dans sa partie supérieure dans l'alésage 13 du corps 8 et pouvant coulisser dans sa partie inférieure dans l'alésage 14 du corps 7. Cet arbre comporte des cannelures mâles 15 engrenant dans des cannelures femelles du corps 8, des rainures 16 alternativement droites (parallèles à l'axe du corps tubulaire) et obliques (inclinées par rapport à l'axe du corps tubulaire 8) dans lesquelles viennent s'engager des doigts 17 coulissant suivant un axe perpendiculaire à celui du déplacement de l'arbre 12 et maintenu en contact avec l'arbre par des ressorts 18, des cannelures mâles 19 engrenant avec des cannelures femelles du corps 7 uniquement lorsque l'arbre 12 est en position haute.The remote control mechanism consists of an actuating piston 12, later called a shaft 12, which can slide in its upper part in the bore 13 of the body 8 and can slide in its lower part in the bore 14 of the body 7. This shaft has male grooves 15 meshing in female grooves of the body 8, grooves 16 alternately straight (parallel to the axis of the tubular body) and oblique (inclined relative to the axis of the tubular body 8) in which s engaging fingers 17 sliding along an axis perpendicular to that of the displacement of the shaft 12 and kept in contact with the shaft by springs 18, male splines 19 meshing with female splines of the body 7 only when the shaft 12 is in the high position.

L'arbre 12 est équipé dans sa partie basse d'un dusage 20 en face duquel se trouve une aiguille 21 coaxiale au déplacement de l'arbre 12. Un ressort de rappel 22 maintient l'arbre en position haute, les cannelures 19 engrenant dans les cannelures femelles équivalentes du corps 7.The shaft 12 is equipped in its lower part with a bore 20 opposite which is a needle 21 coaxial with the movement of the shaft 12. A return spring 22 maintains the shaft in the high position, the splines 19 meshing in the equivalent female grooves of the body 7.

Selon la présente invention, le dusage 20 est monté coulissant dans un logement 23 solidaire de l'arbre 12.According to the present invention, the nozzle 20 is slidably mounted in a housing 23 integral with the shaft 12.

Les corps 7 et 8 sont libres en rotation au niveau de la portée tournante 30 coaxiale aux axes des corps 7 et 8 et composée de rangées de galets cylindriques 31 insérés dans leurs chemins de roulement et extractibles à travers les orifices 32 par démontage de la porte 33.The bodies 7 and 8 are free to rotate at the level of the rotating surface 30 coaxial with the axes of the bodies 7 and 8 and composed of rows of cylindrical rollers 31 inserted in their raceways and extractable through the orifices 32 by dismantling the door 33.

Le dusage 20 et l'aiguille 21 forment des moyens de détection d'une information en l'occurence un seuil de débit. L'arbre 12 avec ses aménagements constitue les moyens de puissance pour activer l'élément coudé 9 par l'intermédiaire du corps tubulaire 7 qui constitue un élément de transmission.The nozzle 20 and the needle 21 form means for detecting information in this case a flow threshold. The shaft 12 with its arrangements constitutes the power means for activating the bent element 9 via the tubular body 7 which constitutes a transmission element.

Une réserve d'huile 34 est maintenue à la pression du fluide de forage par l'intermédiaire d'un piston libre annulaire 35. L'huile vient lubrifier les surfaces coulissantes de l'arbre 12 par l'intermédiaire du passage 36.A reserve of oil 34 is maintained at the pressure of the drilling fluid by means of an annular free piston 35. The oil lubricates the sliding surfaces of the shaft 12 via the passage 36.

L'arbre 12 est usiné de telle sorte qu'un alésage 79 axial autorise le passage du fluide de forage selon la flêche f.The shaft 12 is machined so that an axial bore 79 allows the passage of the drilling fluid according to the arrow f.

Un ressort 24 permet de maintenir le dusage 20 dans une position haute qui correspond à une position de repos. Cette position est considérée relativement à l'arbre 12. Le ressort 24 prend appui sur un collet 25 solidaire du dusage 20 d'une part, et sur un épaulement 26 solidaire de l'arbre 12. Dans le cas de la figure 1, le guidage du dusage est assuré par un alésage 27 dans lequel coulisse le collet 25 ainsi que par le corps circulaire 28 du dusage qui coulisse dans l'orifice 29.A spring 24 keeps the usage 20 in a high position which corresponds to a rest position. This position is considered relative to the shaft 12. The spring 24 bears on a collar 25 integral with the bore 20 on the one hand, and on a shoulder 26 integral with the shaft 12. In the case of FIG. 1, the guidance of the bore is ensured by a bore 27 in which the collar 25 slides as well as by the circular body 28 of the bore which slides in the orifice 29.

Le mécanisme de variation d'angle à proprement parler qui est l'organe à actionner dans cet exemple comporte un corps tubulaire 38 qui est solidaire en rotation du corps tubulaire 7 par l'intermédiaire d'un accouplement 39. Le corps tubulaire 38 peut tourner par rapport au corps tubulaire 8 au niveau de la portée tournante 10 comprenant des galets 39A et ayant un axe de rotation oblique par rapport aux axes des corps tubulaires 8 et 38.The angle variation mechanism itself which is the member to be actuated in this example comprises a tubular body 38 which is rotationally integral with the tubular body 7 by means of a coupling 39. The tubular body 38 can rotate with respect to the tubular body 8 at the level of the rotary surface 10 comprising rollers 39A and having an axis of rotation oblique with respect to the axes of the tubular bodies 8 and 38.

Un mode de réalisation envisageable pour l'accouplement 39 est représenté sur la figure 5.A possible embodiment for the coupling 39 is shown in FIG. 5.

Le fonctionnement du mécanisme de télécommande est décrit ci-après. Ce type de télécommande se fonde sur une valeur-seuil du débit traversant le mécanisme suivant la flêche f.The operation of the remote control mechanism is described below. This type of remote control is based on a threshold value of the flow through the mechanism according to the arrow f.

Quand un débit Q traverse l'arbre 12 il se produit une différence de pression ΔP entre la partie amont 40 et la partie aval 41 de la duse ou dusage 20. Cette différence de pression augmente quand le débit Q augmente en suivant une loi de variation du type ΔP = kQn, k étant une constante et n compris entre 1,5 et 2,0 en fonction des caractéristiques du fluide de forage. Cette différence de pression ΔP s'applique sur la section S du dusage 20 et crée une force F tendant à déplacer par translation le dusage 20 vers le bas en comprimant le ressort de rappel 24. Pour une valeur-seuil du débit cette force F deviendra suffisamment importante pour vaincre la force de rappel du ressort et provoquera une translation du dusage 20. Le tarage du ressort 24 est réglé en fonction de la valeur-seuil de débit que l'on souhaite obtenir.When a flow Q crosses the shaft 12 there occurs a pressure difference ΔP between the upstream part 40 and the downstream part 41 of the nozzle or nozzle 20. This pressure difference increases when the flow Q increases according to a law of variation of the type ΔP = kQ n , k being a constant and n ranging between 1.5 and 2.0 depending on the characteristics of the drilling fluid. This pressure difference ΔP is applied to the section S of the nozzle 20 and creates a force F tending to move the nozzle 20 in translation downwards by compressing the return spring 24. For a threshold value of the flow rate this force F will become large enough to overcome the return force of the spring and will cause a translation of the usage 20. The calibration of the spring 24 is adjusted as a function of the flow threshold value which it is desired to obtain.

Du fait de cette translation la duse 20 viendra entourer l'aiguille 21 qui provoquera une forte diminution de la section de passage du fluide de forage et donc une forte augmentation de la différence de pression ΔP et donc une augmentation importante de la force F' s'exerçant sur l'arbre 12 et assurant la descente complète de cet arbre 12, malgré l'augmentation de la force de rappel du ressort 22 dûe à sa compression et aux forces de frottement s'opposant à son déplacement.Due to this translation, the nozzle 20 will surround the needle 21 which will cause a large decrease in the cross section of the drilling fluid and therefore a large increase in the pressure difference ΔP and therefore a significant increase in the force F 's. 'exerting on the shaft 12 and ensuring the complete descent of this shaft 12, despite the increase in the return force of the spring 22 due to its compression and to the friction forces opposing its movement.

Ainsi, il apparaît que c'est le seul déplacement du dusage mobile 20 sans le déplacement de l'arbre 12, comme illustré à la figure 3, qui détecte de manière précise la valeur-seuil de débit et provoque par la suite une importante perte de charge entraînant la descente de l'arbre 12, comme représenté à la figure 4. Cette descente de l'arbre 12 actionne un équipement tel un coude à angle variable. Ainsi, le dusage mobile agit en quelque sorte comme un relais électrique.Thus, it appears that it is the only displacement of the movable bore 20 without the displacement of the shaft 12, as illustrated in FIG. 3, which precisely detects the flow threshold value and subsequently causes a significant loss load causing the descent of the shaft 12, as shown in Figure 4. This descent of the shaft 12 actuates equipment such as a variable angle elbow. Thus, mobile usage acts in a way like an electrical relay.

De par la forme de l'usinage des gorges 16 décrites dans le brevet FR-2.432.079, les doigts 17 vont suivre la partie oblique des gorges 16 lors de la course descendante de l'arbre 12 et vont donc provoquer la rotation du corps tubulaire 7 par rapport au corps tubulaire 8, ce qui est rendu possible par le fait que les cannelures mâles 19 vont se désengager des cannelures femelles correspondantes du corps 7 au début de la course descendante de l'arbre 12.Due to the shape of the machining of the grooves 16 described in patent FR-2,432,079, the fingers 17 will follow the oblique part of the grooves 16 during the downward stroke of the shaft 12 and will therefore cause the body to rotate tubular 7 relative to the tubular body 8, which is made possible by the fact that the male splines 19 will disengage from the corresponding female splines of the body 7 at the start of the downward stroke of the shaft 12.

L'arbre étant arrivé en butée basse, le fait de couper le débit va permettre au ressort de rappel 22 de pousser l'arbre 12 vers le haut. Il en est de même pour le dusage 20 qui est repoussé vers le haut par le ressort de rappel 24.The shaft having arrived at the bottom stop, cutting the flow will allow the return spring 22 to push the shaft 12 upwards. It is the same for the usage 20 which is pushed upwards by the return spring 24.

Les doigts 17 suivront pendant cette course ascendante les parties rectilignes des gorges 16. En fin de course les cannelures 19 vont s'enclencher de nouveau afin de solidariser en rotation les corps tubulaires 7 et 8.The fingers 17 will follow, during this ascending stroke, the rectilinear parts of the grooves 16. At the end of the race, the grooves 19 will engage again in order to secure in rotation the tubular bodies 7 and 8.

Afin de transmettre une information en surface indiquant que l'arbre 12 a atteint sa position basse, l'aiguille 21 pourra comporter une variation de diamètre. Dans le cas de la figure 1 il s'agit d'une augmentation de diamètre 44. Ainsi lorsque la duse arrive au niveau de cette protubérance 44 il y a diminution de la section de passage du fluide ce qui se traduit par à débit constant une surpression dans le fluide de forage.In order to transmit surface information indicating that the shaft 12 has reached its low position, the needle 21 may include a variation in diameter. In the case of FIG. 1, there is an increase in diameter 44. Thus when the nozzle arrives at this protuberance 44 there is a reduction in the cross-section of the fluid which results in a constant flow rate. overpressure in the drilling fluid.

Cette surpression est détectable en surface. La position de la protubérance 44 est telle que la surpression n'apparaît que lorsque l'arbre 12 est en fin de course basse.This overpressure is detectable on the surface. The position of the protrusion 44 is such that the overpressure only appears when the shaft 12 is at the low end of travel.

La figure 5 représente de manière développée des pièces 42 et 43 qui permettent de transmettre la rotation du corps tubulaire 7 au corps tubulaire 38 tout en permettant un mouvement angulaire relatif de ces deux corps tubulaires.FIG. 5 is a developed illustration of parts 42 and 43 which make it possible to transmit the rotation of the tubular body 7 to the tubular body 38 while allowing relative angular movement of these two tubular bodies.

La pièce 42 comporte des logements 45 dans lesquels viennent coopérer des tiges 46 comportant des sphères 47. Ainsi bien que corps tubulaire solidaire de la pièce 42 fléchisse relativement au corps tubulaire solidaire de la pièce 43. Il y a entraînement en rotation d'un corps tubulaire par l'autre. Ainsi ces deux pièces ont le même rôle qu'un joint de cardan creux.The part 42 comprises housings 45 in which rods 46 having spheres 47 come to cooperate. Thus although the tubular body integral with the part 42 flexes relative to the tubular body integral with the part 43. There is a rotation drive of a body tubular by the other. Thus these two parts have the same role as a hollow universal joint.

La variation de l'angle est obtenue par la rotation du corps tubulaire 7 relativement au corps tubulaire 8 qui provoque par l'intermédiaire du mécanisme d'accouplement 39 la rotation du corps tubulaire 38 par rapport à ce même corps tubulaire 8. Cette rotation se faisant autour d'un axe oblique par rapport aux deux axes des corps 8 et 38 va provoquer une modification de l'angle que forment les axes des corps 8 et 38. Cette variation d'angle est détaillée dans le brevet FR-2.432.079. La figure 3 montre la même partie du dispositif que celle représentée à la figure 2, mais dans une position géométriquement différente.The variation of the angle is obtained by the rotation of the tubular body 7 relative to the tubular body 8 which causes, through the coupling mechanism 39, the rotation of the tubular body 38 relative to this same tubular body 8. This rotation is doing around an axis oblique to the two axes of the bodies 8 and 38 will cause a change in the angle formed by the axes of the bodies 8 and 38. This change in angle is detailed in patent FR-2,432,079. Figure 3 shows the same part of the device as that shown in Figure 2, but in a geometrically different position.

Il est décrit maintenant un mode de réalisation où l'organe à actionner est un stabilisateur à géométrie variable. Le mécanisme de télécommande de ce stabilisateur est le même que celui décrit précédemment.An embodiment is now described in which the member to be actuated is a stabilizer with variable geometry. The remote control mechanism of this stabilizer is the same as that described above.

La figure 4 décrit le mécanisme de variation de position d'une ou plusieurs lames d'un stabilisateur intégré. La figure 4 peut être considérée comme étant la partie inférieure de la figure 1.FIG. 4 describes the mechanism for varying the position of one or more blades of an integrated stabilizer. Figure 4 can be considered as the lower part of Figure 1.

A l'extrêmité inférieure du corps 7 sont usinées des gorges 48 dont la profondeur diffère en fonction du secteur angulaire concerné. Viennent s'appliquer au fond de ces gorges des poussoirs 49 sur lesquels s'appuient des lames 50 droites ou de forme hélicoïdale sous l'effet de ressorts de rappel à lames 51 positionnés sous des capots de protection 52.Grooves 48 are machined at the lower end of the body 7, the depth of which differs according to the angular sector concerned. Apply to the bottom of these grooves pushers 49 on which rest blades 50 straight or helical in shape under the action of leaf return springs 51 positioned under protective covers 52.

Le fonctionnement du mécanisme de variation de position d'une ou de plusieurs lames est indiqué ci-dessous.The operation of the position variation mechanism of one or more blades is shown below.

Lors de la rotation du corps tubulaire 7 par rapport au corps tubulaire 8 provoquée par le déplacement de l'arbre 12, les poussoirs 49 vont se trouver sur un secteur de la gorge 48 dont la profondeur sera différente. Cela provoquera une translation des lames, soit en s'éloignant, soit en se rapprochant de l'axe du corps.During the rotation of the tubular body 7 relative to the tubular body 8 caused by the displacement of the shaft 12, the pushers 49 will be on a sector of the groove 48 whose depth will be different. This will cause a translation of the blades, either by moving away, or by approaching the axis of the body.

La figure 4 montre du côté droit une lame en position "rentrée" et du côté gauche une lame en position "sortie". Plusieurs positions intermédiaires sont envisageables, selon le pas de rotation angulaire du mécanisme télécommandé de rotation.Figure 4 shows on the right side a blade in the "retracted" position and on the left side a blade in the "extended" position. Several intermediate positions are possible, depending on the angular rotation pitch of the remote-controlled rotation mechanism.

C'est le profil du fond de la gorge 48 qui commande la position des lames. Si l'on commande trois lames à partir d'une même gorge et sur un tour, le profil se reproduit à l'identique tous les 120 degrés si le mouvement des trois lames doit être identique.It is the profile of the bottom of the groove 48 which controls the position of the blades. If three blades are ordered from the same groove and on a lathe, the profile is reproduced identically every 120 degrees if the movement of the three blades must be identical.

Les figures 6, 6A et 6B correspondent respectibement aux figures 1, 1A et 1B en ce qui concerne la position de l'arbre 12 ainsi que l'état du système duse-aiguille.FIGS. 6, 6A and 6B correspond respectively to FIGS. 1, 1A and 1B as regards the position of the shaft 12 as well as the state of the nozzle-needle system.

Toutefois, dans ces figures, l'aiguille 53 est solidaire de l'arbre 12 et comporte un passage 54. Cette aiguille qui est donc creuse, comporte des lumières 55 qui coopèrent avec des lumières 56 ménagées dans la duse 57 qui est solidaire du corps tubulaire 7.However, in these figures, the needle 53 is integral with the shaft 12 and has a passage 54. This needle which is therefore hollow, has slots 55 which cooperate with slots 56 formed in the nozzle 57 which is integral with the body tubular 7.

Sur la figure 6, la duse 57 est cylindrique et comporte un fond fermé 58. L'aiguille 53 qui est également cylindrique, coulisse dans la duse 57.In FIG. 6, the nozzle 57 is cylindrical and has a closed bottom 58. The needle 53 which is also cylindrical, slides in the nozzle 57.

En position initiale, les lumières 55 de l'aiguille 53 et 56 de la duse 57 sont en vis-à-vis et l'écoulement du fluide s'effectue selon le sens des flèches f (Fig. 6).In the initial position, the apertures 55 of the needle 53 and 56 of the nozzle 57 are opposite and the fluid flows in the direction of the arrows f (Fig. 6).

Lorsque un seuil de débit prédéterminé est atteint, la différence de pression entre la zone amont 40 et aval 41 de part et d'autre du système duse-aiguille augmente, l'aiguille 53 comprime le ressort 24 (Fig. 6) sans qu'il n'y ait encore de déplacement du piston 12.When a predetermined flow threshold is reached, the pressure difference between the upstream 40 and downstream 41 zones on either side of the needle-needle system increases, the needle 53 compresses the spring 24 (Fig. 6) without there is still no displacement of the piston 12.

La section de passage laissé au fluide du fait de la coopération des lumières 55 et 56 diminue et est limitée au jeu entre l'aiguille et la duse, c'est le cas de la figure 6A.The passage section left to the fluid due to the cooperation of the lights 55 and 56 decreases and is limited to the clearance between the needle and the nozzle, this is the case in FIG. 6A.

Ce faisant, la différence de pression entre l'amont 57 et 41 du piston 12 augmente de façon suffisante pour actionner le piston 12 qui descend pour occuper la position représentée à la figure 6B.In doing so, the pressure difference between the upstream 57 and 41 of the piston 12 increases sufficiently to actuate the piston 12 which descends to occupy the position shown in FIG. 6B.

Au cours de cette descente, il aura actionné l'équipement à commander.During this descent, he will have activated the equipment to be controlled.

Les figures 7 et 8 montrent de manière développée, des formes particulières de lumières 59 de la duse 57. Ces formes permettent de réaliser une progression de la section de passage laissée au fluide lorsque l'aiguille 53 se déplace dans la duse 57.FIGS. 7 and 8 show in a developed manner, particular shapes of lights 59 of the nozzle 57. These shapes make it possible to achieve a progression of the passage section left to the fluid when the needle 53 moves in the nozzle 57.

Bien entendu, ces lumières pourront avoir une forme particulière pour indiquer que l'arbre 12 est arrivé en fin de course, ceci est obtenu dans le cas de la lumière représentée à la figure 7 lorsque la lumière 55 supposée rectangulaire dépasse la partie basse 60 de la lumière 59 de la duse 57. Dans ce cas, il y a une brusque variation de pression détectable en surface.Of course, these lights may have a particular shape to indicate that the shaft 12 has reached the end of its travel, this is obtained in the case of the light shown in FIG. 7 when the light 55 supposed to be rectangular exceeds the bottom part 60 of the light 59 of the nozzle 57. In this case, there is an abrupt change in pressure detectable on the surface.

Claims (7)

  1. Device for remotely operating a piece of equipment by variation of the flow conditions of a fluid, possibly incompressible, in a conduit connected to said equipment, comprising a throttling assembly (20, 21; 53, 57) for the cross-section of fluid passage including a component of the metering-orifice type (20; 57) and a male component of the needle type (21; 53), which two components co-operate to create a drop in pressure when they slide relatively to one another, an operating piston (12) movable in the axial direction of the conduit and subjected on one side to the pressure upstream of said throttling assembly and on the other side to the pressure downstream of said throttling assembly, one of the components of said throttling assembly being mounted on the piston, the other component being fixed with the conduit, characterised in that the component mounted on the piston (12) is slidably mounted, in that it comprises means (24) of returning said sliding component to a predetermined position in relation to said piston, and in that said sliding component creates an initial drop in pressure for a given flow, which pressure-drop can cause said sliding component to slide relatively to the other component, thus creating a second drop in pressure that can displace said piston (12) axially.
  2. Operating device according to Claim 1, characterised in that said piston (12) comprises means (22) of return to a predetermined position in relation to said conduit.
  3. Operating device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that said component slidably mounted on said piston is the component of the metering-orifice type (20).
  4. Operating device according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that said component slidably mounted on said piston is the male component of the needle type (53).
  5. Operating device according to Claim 4, characterised in that said male component of the needle type is hollow and contains apertures (55) which co-operate with other apertures (56) in the other component of the metering-orifice type (57).
  6. Operating device according to one of Claims 4 or 5, characterised in that said apertures (55, 56 and 59) are formed so as to reduce progressively the cross-section for fluid flow over a portion of the travel of said component of the needle type (53).
  7. Operating device according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that said apertures are formed so as to create a variation in cross-section when said piston reaches a limit position.
EP89403594A 1988-12-30 1989-12-21 Remote actuator with a nozzle-needle system Expired - Lifetime EP0376811B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8817603A FR2641320B1 (en) 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 REMOTE EQUIPMENT OPERATION DEVICE COMPRISING A NEEDLE-NEEDLE SYSTEM
FR8817603 1988-12-30

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EP0376811A1 EP0376811A1 (en) 1990-07-04
EP0376811B1 true EP0376811B1 (en) 1993-08-18

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EP (1) EP0376811B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2006935C (en)
FR (1) FR2641320B1 (en)
NO (1) NO180457C (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO895301L (en) 1990-07-02
CA2006935C (en) 2000-01-18
NO180457B (en) 1997-01-13
NO180457C (en) 1997-04-23
FR2641320A1 (en) 1990-07-06
FR2641320B1 (en) 1991-05-03
CA2006935A1 (en) 1990-06-30
US5437308A (en) 1995-08-01
EP0376811A1 (en) 1990-07-04
NO895301D0 (en) 1989-12-28

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