Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
  • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
  • D04H3/045—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles for net manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
  • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
  • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
  • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
  • B29C70/202—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres arranged in parallel planes or structures of fibres crossing at substantial angles, e.g. cross-moulding compound [XMC]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
  • B29C70/56—Tensioning reinforcements before or during shaping
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
  • D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form

Definitions

• This invention relates to the production of warp/weft sheets which can be used in the production of reinforced sheet material.
• a method of producing a warp/weft sheet comprising the steps of forming a warp sheet and laying weft yarns to extend transversely across the warp sheet, characterised by trapping the weft yarns at each edge of the warp sheet between filamentary elements extending in the same direction as the warp sheet and moving the said filamentary elements at opposite edges of the warp sheet apart to tension the trapped weft yarns.
• a machine for producing a warp/weft sheet comprising means for supplying a warp sheet comprising a plurality of warp yarns extending in substantially the same direction, characterised by means for supplying filamentary elements extending in the same general direction as the warp sheet on opposite sides respectively thereof, means for laying weft yarns to extend transversely across the warp sheet and means for controlling the filamentary elements relative to the warp sheet to trap the weft yarns at opposite ends thereof and to tension them.
• the invention includes a machine comprising means for carrying out the steps set out above and warp/weft sheets made by the above method, or such machines, and further includes reinforced sheet material in which the• reinforcement comprises such a warp/weft sheet.
• Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side view of a machine for producing a warp/weft sheet according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic section on the line II—II of Figure 1, and
• FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic side view of an alternative form of machine to that shown in Figures 1, and
• Figure 4 is a modification of a part of the machines of Figures 1 and 3.
• the machine shown in the drawings comprises a part of a larger machine for producing reinforced plastics sheet material.
• the air jets 8 will normally be operated together so that, in this case, six weft yarns will be laid across the warp sheet 5 at once and after the warp sheet has moved on far enough, six more weft yarns will be laid and so on so that evenly spaced weft yarns are laid across the warp sheet.
• Two edge yarns 12 from the warp sheet 5, one at each edge of the warp sheet, are separated from the warp sheet by being lead over the roller 13 to the roller 14 and thus pass above the track of the weft yarns 9 across the warp sheet 5.
• the edge warp yarns 12 are recombined with the warp yarns 6 at a roller 15 from which the warp/weft sheet 18 comprising the warp sheet 5 together with the weft yarns 9 is guided onto a support 16 continuously moving in the direction of the arrow 17 in Figure 1.
• a layer 19 of synthetic plastics material for example polyvinyl chloride, in a paste-like condition in which it is sufficiently viscous to form a coherent layer, but sufficiently fluid to allow entry into it of the warp/weft sheet 18 and to completely surround the warp/weft sheet, advantageously, but not necessarily, so that it completely envelopes each warp yarn 6 or 12 and each weft yarn 9 so that in the reinforced plastics sheet material eventually produced each reinforcing yarn is preferably separated from its neighbours by plastics material.
• synthetic plastics material for example polyvinyl chloride
• Each edge warp yarn 12 and its immediate neighbouring yarn 6 in the warp sheet is guided, as it leaves the roller 15, by an associated shallow guide channel 22, which may be made of ceramic material.
• the two channels 22 have an outwardly curved shape so that they diverge from one another in the direction of longitudinal movement of the warp/weft sheet 18 past the channels. Guiding the edge warp yarn 12 and the adjacent warp yarn 6 at each edge of the warp/weft sheet 18 in the associated channel 22 brings these warp yarns to the configuration shown in Figure 2 in which a yarn 12 is in each case below the adjacent yarn 6 and the ends of the weft yarns 9 are trapped at each edge of the warp/weft sheet 18 between the yarn 12 and the adjacent yarn 6.
• the path of the warp yarns 12 and 6 from the roller 15 onto the support 16 is such that these warp yarns are under tension and each warp yarn 12 is positioned close against the adjacent warp yarn 6 so as effectively to trap the weft yarns 9. This is achieved, partly due to the configuration of the support 16 in the machine. As seen in Figure 1, the support 16 (carrying the plastics layer 19) rises in the direction of movement 17 to a roller 23, passes v n th n fo o xi a horizontal course. The warp/weft sheet 18 enters the layer 19 in the proximity of the roller 23 and moves forward with the layer 19 on the support 16.
• the weft yarns 9 are thus trapped at each edge of the warp sheet 5 between filamentary elements constituted by the edge warp yarn 12 and the adjacent warp yarn 6 and the guide channels 22 cause these filamentary elements at opposite edges of the warp sheet to move apart thus tensioning the weft yarns 9.
• each weft yarn 9 thus enters the layer 19 at the same moment along the whole of its length and there is only a small risk of the central part of the weft yarn drooping below the ends of the weft yarn and entering the layer 19 first. This could lead to distortion of the weft yarns from a straight line configuration which would be undesirable.
• the tension required in the weft yarns is only a few grams, for example 2-10 gm, and this can be achieved by guiding the edge warp yarns in grooves in the channel members 22 which are semi-circular in cross-section and a few millimetres, for example 2-3mm deep.
• the splay of the channel members 22 is such that the edge warp yarns are moved apart by a few millimetres, for example 2-6mm, in their passage along the channel members.
• the support 16 is carried over guide and driving rollers, not shown, to bring it to the machine shown in the present Figures and it passes from the machine to an oven (not shown) for curing the synthetic plastics material 19 so as to form a reinforceed sheet material in which the reinforcement is constituted by the warp/weft sheet 18.
• the source of supply for the warp yarns 6 and 12 may be a warp beam, and guide and driving rollers, not shown, may be used to bring the warp yarns from the supply to the machine shown in the Figures.
• the filamentary elements arranged to trap the end of the weft yarns 9 may be elements other than normal warp yarns 6.
• yarns with a rough outer surface and of greater diameter than the other warp yarns may be used.
• filamentary elements with a flat configuration and thus of tape-like form may be used. It may be sufficient that the edge warp yarns 12 have this different configuration or in some cases the adjacent warp yarns 6 may have the different configuration as well, so as to enable sufficient tension to be imparted to the weft yarns 9 without risk of their ends slipping from between the edge warp yarns.
• More than one warp yarn may be maintained above the air jets 8 at each end of the warp sheet so that more than one warp yarn is available to grip the weft yarns at the sides of the warp sheet.
• the weft yarns are laid across the warp sheet 5 by means of a weft traversing mechanism 38.
• This mechanism receives, for example, six weft yarns 8 and drawn them back and forth across the warp sheet 5 by performing a reciprocating motion.
• the speed of the traverse is geared to the speed of the warp sheet so that sets of six wefts 8 are progressively laid on the warp sheet 5.
• the weft yarns are drawn around pins (not shown) to restrain them as the traversing unit changes direction.
• each channel 22 could extend further around roller 15 to provide greater guidance for the associated warp yarn 12.
• different yarns may require different tension and different channel dimensions than those specified above.
• the adhesive may be activated by passing the coated yarn over a heated roller. alternatively, pressure sensitive adhesive may be used.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

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Family Cites Families (5)

• 1987
  • 1987-07-01 GB GB878715464A patent/GB8715464D0/en active Pending
• 1988
  • 1988-06-29 WO PCT/GB1988/000509 patent/WO1989000216A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1988-06-29 EP EP19880905931 patent/EP0375692A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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