EP0375494B1 - Automatisches Regel-Verfahren und Einrichtung für einen Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel mit unterbrochener Ladung und erzwungenem Zug, insbesondere für Holz-Heizkessel - Google Patents

Automatisches Regel-Verfahren und Einrichtung für einen Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel mit unterbrochener Ladung und erzwungenem Zug, insbesondere für Holz-Heizkessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0375494B1
EP0375494B1 EP89403377A EP89403377A EP0375494B1 EP 0375494 B1 EP0375494 B1 EP 0375494B1 EP 89403377 A EP89403377 A EP 89403377A EP 89403377 A EP89403377 A EP 89403377A EP 0375494 B1 EP0375494 B1 EP 0375494B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
speed
smoke
boiler
fan
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89403377A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0375494A1 (de
Inventor
René Deruy
Bernard Lambin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LES FONDERIES FRANCO-BELGES
FONDERIES FRANCO BELGES
Original Assignee
LES FONDERIES FRANCO-BELGES
FONDERIES FRANCO BELGES
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Publication date
Application filed by LES FONDERIES FRANCO-BELGES, FONDERIES FRANCO BELGES filed Critical LES FONDERIES FRANCO-BELGES
Priority to AT89403377T priority Critical patent/ATE103383T1/de
Publication of EP0375494A1 publication Critical patent/EP0375494A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0375494B1 publication Critical patent/EP0375494B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/08—Microprocessor; Microcomputer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/10—Measuring temperature stack temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/18—Measuring temperature feedwater temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/02—Ventilators in stacks
    • F23N2233/04—Ventilators in stacks with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/02—Solid fuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to solid fuel boilers with discontinuous fuel loading and forced draft by electric fan, and more particularly to boilers of this type operating on wood and commonly called "Turbo wood”.
  • These boilers are distinguished from natural draft boilers in that they are equipped with an electric fan which, most often, blows the air necessary for combustion, or less often sucks combustion fumes.
  • This type of boiler whose appearance on the market is relatively recent, see for example the document DE-A-3 402 787, generally has the advantage of appreciably improving the combustion efficiency and allowing the user to operate the boiler at a higher power range.
  • AFME French Agency for Energy Management
  • a room thermostat is used to control the temperature prevailing in the room to be heated by the more or less significant supply of fuel , the combustion air flow being then adapted to the fuel debris, so that the power of the boiler constantly follows the needs of the use.
  • the power of the boiler is determined either by the temperature of the fumes or by the temperature of the body water. heats up, so that one or the other of the two temperature sensors orders the shutdown or the start of the fan in all nothing, or according to a discrete number of regimes, and this independently of the mass of the fuel in the presence.
  • the instantaneous power of the boiler being dependent on the more or less harmonious mixture between the air which passes and the fuel present in the boiler, the All or nothing fan operation results in variations in air flow, which in turn results in changes in boiler output.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks, that is to say to control the power of the flame of a solid fuel boiler, and more particularly of a wood boiler, by eliminating the transient regimes and by treating in a particular way the abnormal operating cases which can occur and which affect the quality of combustion of this type of boiler, in order to conform the boiler to the most severe standards while ensuring a correct operation and longevity, compatible with the expectations of users concerned with a level of thermal comfort regular and constant.
  • the two proportionality coefficients can be variable over time or according to parameters measured to take account of a differential or integral action of the regulation.
  • the boiler according to the invention comprises the necessary elements, in particular the smoke and water temperature sensors, as well as the door closing detection contact, and also a microprocessor receiving the various data and actuating the fan control with continuous variation of the speed, this microprocessor being programmed for the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • the boiler 1, represented in FIG. 1, usually comprises an inverted hearth 2 arranged inside the heating body 3 comprising a connection 4 for the hot water departure and a water return 5, this hearth 2 being supplied with fuel from a loading door 6 located in the upper part and on the front of the appliance, while at the rear there is at 7 the flue evacuation pipe by forced draft under the effect of a fan 8 blowing air through an upper distribution plate 9.
  • the boiler includes both a probe 10 for measuring the temperature of the flue gases in the flue 7, a probe 11 for measuring the temperature of the water in the heating body, a contact 12 for detection of the closed state of the door 6, as well as an electric motor 13 with variable speed for driving the fan 8, this motor being controlled for example by chopped current modulated in power from a housing of control 14 placed on or near the boiler and applying the method according to the invention.
  • the boiler can advantageously include a bulb 15 controlling a dilation thermometer 16 placed on the housing 14 available to the user, a safety probe 17, a button 18 for starting and stopping, a button 19 for resetting the safety and a button 20 for setting the temperature of the water, all these elements being available to the user.
  • the box may also include various other members at the sole disposal of the installer, for example a button 21 for adjusting the minimum smoke temperature, an inverter 22, manual / automatic, making it possible to switch to manual during an intervention. finally, on the electronic card, a multi-pin connection plug 23 to which a test box or any other control and data entry device can be connected.
  • the door contact 12 the smoke temperature probe 10, the water temperature probe 11, the safety probe 17 which controls the safety block 24, which receives at 25 the mains supply and in turn ensures the general supply 26 when it has been reset by the reset button 19, this box, on the contrary, triggering to cut off the supply under the effect of the probe 17 when the latter ci detects the appearance of an abnormal temperature, finally the automatic / manual reverser 22.
  • the on-off button 18 and the temperature setpoint button 20 are also accessible by the user.
  • the water is also accessible by the user.
  • button 21 for setting the minimum temperature of the fumes.
  • control unit 14 comprises a microprocessor 28 which receives the various information via the appropriate interfaces, in particular analog / digital converters 29, 30, 31 and 32, for convert the analog values from the measurement interfaces 33 and 34 of the smoke and water temperatures to digital and the set values from 21 and 20.
  • 35 represents the time base input from the network for synchronization of chopper 27, and 36 the command of the self-test.
  • the processor 28 is programmed for the implementation of the method according to the invention, that is to say essentially the determination of the speed Q to be imposed on the fan as a function of the various data, essentially the temperature of the fumes TF, the TE water temperature, minimum smoke temperature setpoint Cmf and CE water temperature setpoint, as well as other constant values defined by the manufacturer or set by the installer.
  • the fan speed is controlled from a numerical value Q expressing this speed in arbitrary units, so that the value 100 corresponds to the maximum speed.
  • the regulation according to the invention makes it possible to light the boiler in forced draft, and not in natural draft, which is particularly advantageous.
  • the ignition operation is done thanks to an ignition start valve that the invention saves by very gradually metering the combustion air as and as the actual evolution from the ignition to the normal operating phase P2 towards which in any event it ends.
  • the water temperature TE and the temperature of the fumes TF are continuously read.
  • the objective sought is to avoid all the transitional periods mentioned above by seeking the most regular operation possible. For this, the flame power is continuously adapted to the need programmed by the user.
  • the exchange surface between the flame and the water of the boiler being constant, the temperature of the fumes TF is taken as an indicator of the power of the flame at an instant. Furthermore, it is considered that the difference between the actual temperature of the water TE and the set temperature of the water CE set by the user expresses the calorie requirement at the same time to satisfy the user.
  • TTF K1 (CE - TE) in which K1 is a coefficient determined experimentally and which is a function of the geometry of the heating body of the boiler and of its exchange characteristics.
  • this coefficient K1 can in fact be variable over time or according to measured parameters to take account of a differential or integral action of the regulation.
  • the fixed program TTF Cmf.
  • TTF the maximum CMF smoke setpoint programmed by the manufacturer in the microprocessor
  • the calculated QT theoretical speed is not suddenly applied to the fan, but on the one hand a minimum speed Qmin and a maximum speed Qmax are fixed, and if QT is less than Qmin, it is fixed at this value, while if QT is greater than Qmax, we set it to this last value, and on the other hand, we modify the variable Q defining the flow rate by progressive incrementation during successive cycles, with a new delay of 20 seconds and a return to the top of phase P2 to restart the measurements and calculations.
  • This phase P3 of abnormal operation where the temperature of the fumes drops when the air flow increases, generally corresponds to the existence of an excess of air, due either to the formation of a vault, consequently by example of a bad load which does not allow the wood to descend correctly on the hearth, that is to say a lack of fuel.
  • a variable which is the number of trials, which is constantly fixed at a determined value, for example 3 in the example chosen, each time the left branch of the organization chart of the Figure 4, that is to say for QT greater than Q, but for normal operation, that is to say when the temperature of the fumes is not decreasing.
  • the regulation can signal operating anomalies and give a complete diagnosis of its operating state, either on the control panel 14 of the boiler, or via an independent test box connected to the socket 23 , which considerably simplifies maintenance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Automatisches Regelverfahren für einen Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel (1) mit unterbrochener Brennstoffladung und einem durch einen elektrischen Ventilator (8, 13) erzwungenen Zug, wobei der Ventilator mit wechselndem Regelwert im Dauerbetrieb gehalten wird und wobei in dem Verfahren die Regelung auf der gleichzeitigen Messung der Wassertemperatur (TE) des Heizkessels und der Rauchgastemperatur (TF) basiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelung in einer Normalbetriebsphase (P2) umfaßt:
    die Bestimmung einer theoretischen Rauchgastemperatur (TTF) annähernd proportional (K1) zum Unterschied zwischen einer Solltemperatur (CE) und der gemessenen Wassertemperatur (TE),
    die Bestimmung eines theoretischen Regelwertes (QT) des Ventilators annähernd proportional (K2) zum Unterschied zwischen der theoretischen Rauchgastemperatur (TTF) und der gemessenen Rauchgastemperatur (TF) sowie
    die fortschreitende Anpassung des Regelwertes des Ventilators durch Erhöhung oder Erniedrigung des diesem Regelwert zugewiesenen Wertes (Q) entsprechend dem Vorzeichen des Unterschieds zwischen dem theoretisch berechneten Regelwert (QT) und dem aktuellen Regelwert (Q) im Verlauf von aufeinanderfolgenden, durch eine Zeitverzögerung definierten Zyklen.
  2. Regel-Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Normalbetriebsphase, wenn der Unterschied zwischen dem theoretisch berechneten Regelwert (QT) und dem aktuellen Regelwert (Q) positiv ist und eine Erhöhung des Regelwertes bewirkt, die Rauchgastemperatur (TF) mit der im vorangehenden Zyklus gespeicherten Rauchgastemperatur (TFP) verglichen wird, daß automatisch der Übergang in eine Ausnahmebetriebsphase (P3) veranlaßt wird, wenn diese Temperatur (TF) im Abnehmen ist, und daß diese Ausnahmebetriebsphase (P3) eine stärkere Erniedrigung des Regelwertes (Q) und eine stärkere Verzögerung vor der Rückführung in die Normalbetriebsphase (P2) für einen neuen Versuch vorsieht, wobei die Anzahl der Versuche auf einen festgelegten Wert begrenzt ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Normalbetriebsphase (P2) vorsieht, den Ventilator vollständig anzuhalten, wenn die Rauchgastemperatur einen sehr niedrigen Wert erreicht.
  4. Regel-Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich eine Zünd- oder Brennstoffladungsphase umfaßt, welche automatisch beim Anlegen der Spannung und nach jedem Schließen der Ladungstüre (6), deren Öffnung über einen Kontakt (12) erfaßt wird, eingeleitet wird, wobei diese Phase eine stark ansteigende Erhöhung des Regelwertes (Q) des Ventilators umfaßt, ausgehend von einem festgelegten Anfangswert (Q1) und im Verlauf von aufeinanderfolgenden, durch eine Verzögerungszeit festgelegten Zyklen, wobei diese Zyklen entweder, wenn die Wassertemperatur (TE) einen bestimmten Wert übersteigt, oder wenn der Regelwert (Q) einen bestimmten Endwert (Q2) übersteigt, den Übergang in die genannte Normalbetriebsphase (P2) veranlassen.
  5. Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel mit unterbrochener Ladung und erzwungenem Zug mit einem Elektromotor (13) mit variablem Regelwert zum Antrieb eines Ventilators (8), mit einem Fühler (10) zur Messung der Rauchgastemperatur (TF) und einem Fühler (11) zur Messung der Wassertemperatur (TE), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen Kontakt (12) zur Bestimmung des Öffnungszustandes der Ladungstüre (6), ein Organ (20) zur Regelung der Soll-Wassertemperatur (CE) und einen zur Ausführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche programmierten Mikroprozessor (28) umfaßt.
  6. Heizkessel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er zusätzlich einen Sicherheitsfühler (17), einen Sicherheits-Rückstellknopf (19), einen Einschaltknopf (18) und ein Thermometer (15, 16) mit Direktablesung aufweist, wobei alle diese Elemente zur Verfügung des Benutzers stehen.
  7. Heizkessel nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er zusätzlich Regel- und Anschlußelemente zur Verfügung des Installateurs aufweist, insbesondere eine Minimal-Sollwertregelung (21) für die Rauchgase, einen Umschalter (22) für Handbetrieb und Automatik und einen Vielfachsteckverbinder (23) zum Anschluß eines Diagnosegerätes.
EP89403377A 1988-12-20 1989-12-06 Automatisches Regel-Verfahren und Einrichtung für einen Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel mit unterbrochener Ladung und erzwungenem Zug, insbesondere für Holz-Heizkessel Expired - Lifetime EP0375494B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89403377T ATE103383T1 (de) 1988-12-20 1989-12-06 Automatisches regel-verfahren und einrichtung fuer einen festbrennstoff-heizkessel mit unterbrochener ladung und erzwungenem zug, insbesondere fuer holz-heizkessel.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8816850 1988-12-20
FR8816850A FR2640732B1 (fr) 1988-12-20 1988-12-20 Procede et dispositif de regulation automatique d'une chaudiere a combustible solide a chargement discontinu et tirage force, en particulier d'une chaudiere a bois

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0375494A1 EP0375494A1 (de) 1990-06-27
EP0375494B1 true EP0375494B1 (de) 1994-03-23

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EP89403377A Expired - Lifetime EP0375494B1 (de) 1988-12-20 1989-12-06 Automatisches Regel-Verfahren und Einrichtung für einen Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel mit unterbrochener Ladung und erzwungenem Zug, insbesondere für Holz-Heizkessel

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EP (1) EP0375494B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE103383T1 (de)
DE (1) DE68914121T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2640732B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5249739A (en) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-05 Honeywell Inc. Apparatus and method for monitoring the operating condition of a burner system
DE4316182A1 (de) * 1993-05-14 1994-11-17 Haiko Kuenzel Verfahren zum Steuern und/oder Regeln einer mit einem Feststoffkessel ausgerüsteten Heizungsanlage sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
CZ2009650A3 (cs) * 2009-10-05 2011-07-07 Valícek@Jan Zpusob regulace výkonu zplynovacího kotle
ITVI20120293A1 (it) * 2012-10-30 2014-05-01 Extraflame S P A Procedimento di controllo del funzionamento dei motori di aspirazione fumi in apparecchi riscaldanti a combustibile solido

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0073717A1 (de) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-09 Saunier Duval Eau Chaude Chauffage - Sdecc Dichter Gasheizkessel mit erzwungenem Zug und Mikroprozessorenregelung

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3402787A1 (de) * 1984-01-27 1986-01-02 Wilhelm & Sander GmbH, 3418 Uslar Heizkessel fuer manuelle und/oder automatische beschickung von festen brennstoffen sowie regeleinrichtung zur regelung der heizleistung des heizkessels
JPS62280516A (ja) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-05 Rinnai Corp 燃焼装置

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0073717A1 (de) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-09 Saunier Duval Eau Chaude Chauffage - Sdecc Dichter Gasheizkessel mit erzwungenem Zug und Mikroprozessorenregelung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68914121D1 (de) 1994-04-28
ATE103383T1 (de) 1994-04-15
FR2640732B1 (fr) 1991-04-05
EP0375494A1 (de) 1990-06-27
DE68914121T2 (de) 1994-07-14
FR2640732A1 (fr) 1990-06-22

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