EP0371538A1 - Foundation pile which is made up of a number of pile elements - Google Patents

Foundation pile which is made up of a number of pile elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0371538A1
EP0371538A1 EP89202912A EP89202912A EP0371538A1 EP 0371538 A1 EP0371538 A1 EP 0371538A1 EP 89202912 A EP89202912 A EP 89202912A EP 89202912 A EP89202912 A EP 89202912A EP 0371538 A1 EP0371538 A1 EP 0371538A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
reinforcement
end faces
foundation pile
peripheral edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89202912A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0371538B1 (en
Inventor
Victor Jan Dr.Ir. De Waal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WAAL VICTOR JAN DR IR DE
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WAAL VICTOR JAN DR IR DE
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Application filed by WAAL VICTOR JAN DR IR DE filed Critical WAAL VICTOR JAN DR IR DE
Publication of EP0371538A1 publication Critical patent/EP0371538A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0371538B1 publication Critical patent/EP0371538B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/52—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments
    • E02D5/523—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments composed of segments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a foundation pile which is made up of a number of prefabricated pile elements which are connected to each other and are each provided with a central reinforcement bar extending in the lengthwise direction thereof, the reinforcement bars of pile elements resting with their end faces against each other in the lengthwise direction being connected to each other.
  • Such a foundation pile is known, for example from Japanese Patent Specification 61 204 418.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a foundation pile of the type mentioned in the preamble, in such a way that the breaking off of pieces of concrete along the periphery of the end faces of the pile elements resting against each other is avoided in a simple and effective manner.
  • At least one of every two end faces connecting to each other is of an essentially convex configuration, in such a way that towards the peripheral edge there is a progressively increasing space between the two end faces lying against each other.
  • each pile element is provided at least at the top end with an internal circular reinforcement resting against the peripheral edge.
  • reinforcement bars must always be surrounded by 2.5 - 3 cm of concrete, in order to prevent corrosion of the bars.
  • Providing the reinforcement along the outer periphery of the pile element is a departure from this usual construction. This placing of the reinforcement is based on the idea that these reinforcements along the periphery are functional only during the driving of the foundation pile and subsequent rusting away of these reinforcements constitutes no problem at all, since this means only a minimal weakening of the pile.
  • each pile element has a flat central part.
  • the present invention is in fact based on the idea of reducing the stresses on the periphery of the end faces of the pile elements during the driving, something which can be achieved by means of the convex configuration of the end faces, or by providing the circular reinforcement as near to the periphery as possible. Depending on the circumstances, it is also possible to combine the two solutions.
  • the invention is also embodied in a pile element which is obviously suitable for a foundation pile according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a part of a foundation pile 1, with a top pile element 2 and a pile element 3 lying below it.
  • the top pile element 2 has a bottom end face 4 which rests against the top end face 5 of the pile element 3.
  • the two pile elements are provided with a central reinforcement bar 6, 7 respectively, which are connected to each other by means of a screw threaded connection 8.
  • the end face 5 of the bottom pile element is of a convex configuration, while the end face 4 of the top pile element 2 is straight.
  • This shaping means that the distance 'y ' between the two end faces increases progressively from the central axis 9 of the pile towards the peripheral edge.
  • each pile element is provided with a circular internal reinforcement 10, 11 resting against the outer periphery.
  • this reinforcement is formed by a helical bar. It will, however, be clear that interconnected annular elements can also be used.
  • the shape according to the invention of the end faces resting against each other means that when the pile is subjected to a compression or bending load the maximum compression stress does not occur at the peripheral edge, but a distance inside it.
  • the reinforcement 10, 11 extending at the outer periphery of the pile elements ensures that the maximum compression stress always falls within this reinforcement, regardless of the configuration of the end faces lying against each other.
  • This arrangement of the reinforcement was not customary until now, because the reinforcement always had to have a covering of 2.5 to 3 cm of concrete, in order to avoid corrosion of the reinforcement.
  • This reinforcement is, however, functional only during the driving of the foundation pile, and the subsequent rusting away thereof has no adverse consequences for the bearing capacity of the pile.
  • Fig. 2 shows on an exaggerated scale the development of the curve of the end face 5 of the bottom pile element 3.
  • This figure shows the line 12, the abutting surface to the end face 5 standing at right angles to the central axis 9 of the pile element 3.
  • the distance between the abutting surface 12 and the end face 5 increases progressively from the central axis 9 towards the peripheral edge.
  • the value of (y) is preferably a square function of the distance 'x' from the central axis 9.
  • the convex end face 5 of the bottom pile element 3 mates with a straight end face 4 of the top pile element 2. It is, however, also conceivable for the end face 4 also to be a convex or possibly even concave shape.
  • the important factor here is the maximum distance (y) between the peripheral edges of the pile elements connecting to each other. This distance is preferably selected between 0.2 and 5 mm, depending on the diameter of the pile, the load and the intended mechanical properties.
  • the convex shape of the end face can be manufactured well using a steel mould, with which it is possible to manufacture reproducibly a convex head with a height difference of 0.2 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)

Abstract

A foundation pile (1) is made up of a number of prefabricated pile elements (2,3) which are connected to each other and are each provided with a central reinforcement bar (6,7) extending in the lengthwise direction thereof. The pile elements abut with their end faces (4,5) against each other and the reinforcement bars are connected to each other in the lengthwise direction. At least one (5) of every two end faces (4,5) abutting against each other is of an essentially convex configuration, in such a way that from the central axis (9) towards the peripheral edge there is a progressively increasing space between the two end faces. Each pile element (2,3) is provided with an internal circuit reinforcement (10,11) resting against the peripheral edge.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a foundation pile which is made up of a number of prefabricated pile elements which are connected to each other and are each provided with a central reinforcement bar extending in the lengthwise direction thereof, the reinforcement bars of pile elements resting with their end faces against each other in the lengthwise direction being connected to each other.
  • Such a foundation pile is known, for example from Japanese Patent Specification 61 204 418.
  • In such foundation piles made up of a number of pile elements the following problems occur:
    - When the foundation pile is loaded as the result of a bending moment, the greatest compression stress will occur on the outer periphery of the pile, i.e. at the greatest distance from the central axis of the pile. Depressions consequently occur in the concrete along the outer periphery of the pile, so that there is a risk here of pieces of concrete breaking off.
    - Local compression stresses can also occur as a result of unevennesses on the end faces of the pile elements when there is a bending and/or compression load on the foundation pile, which also produces a risk of the concrete breaking off.
  • The above-mentioned problems occur during the driving in of such foundation piles. In order to eliminate these problems, the above-mentioned Japanese patent provides for a spacer between the pile elements, fitted with an adhesive on one of the end faces resting against each other. However, this solution has the disadvantage that the costs of such pile elements are increased, and when the pile is loaded greater shifts occur between the individual elements.
  • The object of the present invention is to improve a foundation pile of the type mentioned in the preamble, in such a way that the breaking off of pieces of concrete along the periphery of the end faces of the pile elements resting against each other is avoided in a simple and effective manner.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that at least one of every two end faces connecting to each other is of an essentially convex configuration, in such a way that towards the peripheral edge there is a progressively increasing space between the two end faces lying against each other.
  • As a result of this convex configuration, the place where the maximum compression stress acts upon the end faces will not be at the peripheral edge, but will be shifted more towards the central axis of the pile element. The risk of concrete crumbling along the outside edge is thereby reduced.
  • The crumbling of the outer periphery of the foundation pile can according to the invention be prevented even further if each pile element is provided at least at the top end with an internal circular reinforcement resting against the peripheral edge.
  • This ensures that the maximum compression stress is always inside the circular reinforcement.
  • According to the regulations, reinforcement bars must always be surrounded by 2.5 - 3 cm of concrete, in order to prevent corrosion of the bars. Providing the reinforcement along the outer periphery of the pile element is a departure from this usual construction. This placing of the reinforcement is based on the idea that these reinforcements along the periphery are functional only during the driving of the foundation pile and subsequent rusting away of these reinforcements constitutes no problem at all, since this means only a minimal weakening of the pile.
  • In an expedient embodiment of the invention, the convex end face of each pile element has a flat central part.
  • The present invention is in fact based on the idea of reducing the stresses on the periphery of the end faces of the pile elements during the driving, something which can be achieved by means of the convex configuration of the end faces, or by providing the circular reinforcement as near to the periphery as possible. Depending on the circumstances, it is also possible to combine the two solutions.
  • The invention is also embodied in a pile element which is obviously suitable for a foundation pile according to the invention.
  • The invention will be explained in greater detail with reference to the appended drawing, in which:
    • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a part of a foundation pile according to the invention, with two end faces of two adjacent pile elements connecting to each other, the convex configuration of one of the end faces being exaggerated, for the sake of clarity; and
    • Fig. 2 shows on an enlarged scale the curve of an end face of a pile element.
  • Fig. 1 shows a part of a foundation pile 1, with a top pile element 2 and a pile element 3 lying below it. The top pile element 2 has a bottom end face 4 which rests against the top end face 5 of the pile element 3. The two pile elements are provided with a central reinforcement bar 6, 7 respectively, which are connected to each other by means of a screw threaded connection 8.
  • As shown in an exaggerated manner in Fig. 1, the end face 5 of the bottom pile element is of a convex configuration, while the end face 4 of the top pile element 2 is straight. This shaping means that the distance 'y ' between the two end faces increases progressively from the central axis 9 of the pile towards the peripheral edge.
  • At least the top end of each pile element is provided with a circular internal reinforcement 10, 11 resting against the outer periphery. In the embodiment shown, this reinforcement is formed by a helical bar. It will, however, be clear that interconnected annular elements can also be used.
  • The shape according to the invention of the end faces resting against each other means that when the pile is subjected to a compression or bending load the maximum compression stress does not occur at the peripheral edge, but a distance inside it.
  • The reinforcement 10, 11 extending at the outer periphery of the pile elements ensures that the maximum compression stress always falls within this reinforcement, regardless of the configuration of the end faces lying against each other. This arrangement of the reinforcement was not customary until now, because the reinforcement always had to have a covering of 2.5 to 3 cm of concrete, in order to avoid corrosion of the reinforcement. This reinforcement is, however, functional only during the driving of the foundation pile, and the subsequent rusting away thereof has no adverse consequences for the bearing capacity of the pile.
  • Experiments have surprisingly shown that a foundation pile according to the invention can take greater loads, although the bending rigidity of such a pile is lower. The latter is not, however, a problem in practice.
  • Fig. 2 shows on an exaggerated scale the development of the curve of the end face 5 of the bottom pile element 3. This figure shows the line 12, the abutting surface to the end face 5 standing at right angles to the central axis 9 of the pile element 3. The distance between the abutting surface 12 and the end face 5 increases progressively from the central axis 9 towards the peripheral edge. The value of (y) is preferably a square function of the distance 'x' from the central axis 9.
  • In the example shown in Fig. 1 the convex end face 5 of the bottom pile element 3 mates with a straight end face 4 of the top pile element 2. It is, however, also conceivable for the end face 4 also to be a convex or possibly even concave shape. The important factor here is the maximum distance (y) between the peripheral edges of the pile elements connecting to each other. This distance is preferably selected between 0.2 and 5 mm, depending on the diameter of the pile, the load and the intended mechanical properties.
  • The convex shape of the end face can be manufactured well using a steel mould, with which it is possible to manufacture reproducibly a convex head with a height difference of 0.2 mm.
  • It will be clear that the invention is not restricted to the embodiment illustrated and described. For example, it is also possible for the central part of the convex end face to be flat and have a convex configuration only along the external periphery.

Claims (9)

1. Foundation pile (1) which is made up of a number of prefabricated pile elements (2,3) which are connected to each other and are each provided with a central reinforcement bar (6,7) extending in the lengthwise direction thereof, the reinforcement bars of the pile elements abutting with their end faces (4,5) against each other in the lengthwise direction being connected to each other, characterized in that at least one (5) of every two end faces abutting against each other is of an essentially convex configuration, in such a way that from the central axis (9) towards the peripheral edge there is a progressively increasing space between the two end faces abutting against each other.
2. Foundation pile according to Claim 1, characterized in that each pile element (2,3) is provided with an internal circular reinforcement (10,11) resting against the peripheral edge.
3. Foundation pile according to Claim 2, characterized in that the reinforcement (10,11) resting against the peripheral edge is in the form of a helical reinforcement bar.
4. Foundation pile according to one of the preceding Claims 1-3, characterized in that the convex end face (5) of each pile element (2,3) decreases in height from the central axis (9) towards the outside edge, said height decreasing by a distance (y) which is a square function of the distance (x) from the central axis.
5. Foundation pile according to one of the preceding Claims 1-3, characterized in that the convex end face (5) of each pile element (2,3) has a flat central part.
6. Foundation pile according to Claims 1-5, characterized in that the maximum distance between the outer periphery of the end faces (4,5) of two adjacent pile elements (2,3) lies between 0.2 and 5 mm.
7. Foundation pile (1) made up of a number of interconnected, prefabricated pile elements (2,3), each of which is provided with a central reinforcement bar (6,7) extending in the lengthwise direction thereof, the reinforcement bars of the pile elements abutting with their end faces (4,5) against each other in the lengthwise direction being connected to each other, characterized in that each pile element (2,3) is provided with at least at the top end with an internal circular reinforcement (10,11) resting against the peripheral edge.
8. Foundation pile according to Claim 7, characterized in that the reinforcement (10,11) resting against the peripheral edge is in the form of a helical reinforcement bar.
9. Pile element obviously intended for a foundation pile according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1-8.
EP19890202912 1988-11-28 1989-11-16 Foundation pile which is made up of a number of pile elements Expired - Lifetime EP0371538B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8802926 1988-11-28
NL8802926A NL8802926A (en) 1988-11-28 1988-11-28 FOUNDATION POLE CONSTRUCTED FROM A NUMBER OF POLE ELEMENTS AND A POLE ELEMENT.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0371538A1 true EP0371538A1 (en) 1990-06-06
EP0371538B1 EP0371538B1 (en) 1995-02-15

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ID=19853298

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890202912 Expired - Lifetime EP0371538B1 (en) 1988-11-28 1989-11-16 Foundation pile which is made up of a number of pile elements

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0371538B1 (en)
DE (1) DE68921158T2 (en)
NL (1) NL8802926A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2280466A (en) * 1993-07-30 1995-02-01 Roxbury Ltd Sectional piles
DE102017128803A1 (en) 2017-12-05 2019-06-06 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Windscreen wiper device for a vehicle window of a motor vehicle

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL76799C (en) * 1900-01-01
US1839359A (en) * 1929-05-02 1932-01-05 Raymond Concrete Pile Co Reenforced pile shells
FR1044695A (en) * 1950-05-04 1953-11-19 Ed Zu Blin & Cie A G Manufacturing process for segmental reinforced concrete piles
US3208228A (en) * 1961-12-11 1965-09-28 Exxon Production Research Co Prestressed articulated piling for marine foundations and the like
DE1298459B (en) * 1965-09-08 1969-06-26 Pleuger Friedrich Wilhelm Hose formwork for the production of in-situ concrete piles
DE1634652A1 (en) * 1966-05-12 1970-09-17 Wilhelm Voelker Gegr Fa Foundation stake
US3593532A (en) * 1968-10-02 1971-07-20 Grazel Inc John Concrete pile sections and joints therefor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL76799C (en) * 1900-01-01
US1839359A (en) * 1929-05-02 1932-01-05 Raymond Concrete Pile Co Reenforced pile shells
FR1044695A (en) * 1950-05-04 1953-11-19 Ed Zu Blin & Cie A G Manufacturing process for segmental reinforced concrete piles
US3208228A (en) * 1961-12-11 1965-09-28 Exxon Production Research Co Prestressed articulated piling for marine foundations and the like
DE1298459B (en) * 1965-09-08 1969-06-26 Pleuger Friedrich Wilhelm Hose formwork for the production of in-situ concrete piles
DE1634652A1 (en) * 1966-05-12 1970-09-17 Wilhelm Voelker Gegr Fa Foundation stake
US3593532A (en) * 1968-10-02 1971-07-20 Grazel Inc John Concrete pile sections and joints therefor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 9, no. 313 (M-437)[2036], 10 December 1985; & JP-A-60 148 920 (SUTORONGU HOORUDO INTERNATIONAL JAPAN K.K.) 06-08-1985 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2280466A (en) * 1993-07-30 1995-02-01 Roxbury Ltd Sectional piles
GB2280466B (en) * 1993-07-30 1996-09-11 Roxbury Ltd Improvements in or relating to pile joints
DE102017128803A1 (en) 2017-12-05 2019-06-06 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Windscreen wiper device for a vehicle window of a motor vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68921158D1 (en) 1995-03-23
DE68921158T2 (en) 1995-09-28
NL8802926A (en) 1990-06-18
EP0371538B1 (en) 1995-02-15

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