EP0371157B1 - Network transformer - Google Patents

Network transformer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0371157B1
EP0371157B1 EP88119827A EP88119827A EP0371157B1 EP 0371157 B1 EP0371157 B1 EP 0371157B1 EP 88119827 A EP88119827 A EP 88119827A EP 88119827 A EP88119827 A EP 88119827A EP 0371157 B1 EP0371157 B1 EP 0371157B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
line
strip conductors
flat sides
bridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88119827A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0371157A1 (en
Inventor
Ralph Dr.-Ing. Oppelt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP88119827A priority Critical patent/EP0371157B1/en
Priority to DE88119827T priority patent/DE3888185D1/en
Priority to JP01306357A priority patent/JP3120985B2/en
Priority to US07/442,541 priority patent/US4992769A/en
Publication of EP0371157A1 publication Critical patent/EP0371157A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0371157B1 publication Critical patent/EP0371157B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H01F2027/2809—Printed windings on stacked layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a line transformer that can be used in high-frequency technology, for example, for matching impedances.
  • the flat sides of a disk-shaped substrate provided as a dielectric are each provided with a conductor track structure.
  • a corresponding line transformer can be found in "Patent Abstract of Japan", Vol. 10, No. 129 (E-403) (2186), May 14, 1986 and in the corresponding JP-A-60/258911.
  • Transformers suitable for the area of low-frequency alternating currents generally contain a core made of ferromagnetic material and a primary and secondary winding, each with at least a few turns. The quadrupole thus formed is to change current and voltage in the desired manner. Such transformers are suitable for impedance transformation as long as the length of the conductor forming a winding is small compared to the wavelength. It is known that radio antennas are intended to transmit electromagnetic energy, ie any signals, undistorted even for very high frequencies. In broadband transmitters, therefore, both windings are coupled so closely that they form lines with a defined characteristic impedance and negligible radiation loss. Virtually any rational transmission ratio can be achieved with line transformers ("NTZ", 1966, number 9, pages 527 to 538).
  • inductors can also be designed as flat coils as so-called printed coils. They then consist of a conductor, for example in the form of a spiral, which is arranged on the surface of a flat body made of electrically insulating material. The opposite flat side of the insulating body can be provided with a large-area metallization (1987 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Vol. 1, pages 123 to 126).
  • 4-port differential transformers are required in high-frequency technology. These 4-ports, often referred to as hybrid switching in low-frequency technology, must be designed as line transformers in order to achieve a wide bandwidth and to reduce throughput losses.
  • the two-pole line transformer which can be gathered from the "Patent Abstract of Japan" mentioned at the beginning contains a disk-shaped substrate with a central hole through which a core is to be inserted.
  • a single flat conductor track made of a copper foil is applied as a transformer turn on the two flat sides of the substrate.
  • the transformer turn can consist of a laminate of several such conductor tracks, which are insulated from one another.
  • the invention is based on the object of simplifying and improving the known line transformers, in particular a 4-port differential transformer be designed so that it behaves completely symmetrically to gates 3 and 4 from both gate 1 and gate 2.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • This embodiment of the line transformer using stripline technology is simple to manufacture and contains no ferromagnetic parts. It can thus also be used in strong magnetic fields, for example in the field of superconducting magnets, in particular in the basic field of an MRI scanner.
  • the mirror-symmetrical arrangement of the two parts of each of the conductor track structures gives symmetrical electrical properties.
  • the thickness of the substrate i.e. the distance between the two conductor track structures and the width of the stripline, the required impedance Z can be set.
  • the degree of coupling between the partial inductors is also reproducible.
  • FIG. 1 shows the low-frequency equivalent circuit diagram of a 4-port differential transformer.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the conductor track structures according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a special embodiment of these conductor track structures.
  • the input terminal c and the associated ground connection form the gate 1.
  • the gate 2 is formed by the pair of terminals d and e.
  • the gate 3 is formed by the terminal b and the corresponding ground connection and the gate 4 by the terminal a and the associated ground connection.
  • Optimal decoupling of gates 3 and 4 and gates 1 and 2 is achieved with an impedance equal to the impedance Z at gates 3 and 4 and an impedance Z / 2 at gates 1 and 2.
  • This 4-port differential transformer As is known, can be produced as a line transformer in that a preferably ferromagnetic carrier 6 is wound with lines of predetermined impedance.
  • the use of ferromagnetic material causes corresponding additional losses in high-frequency alternating fields.
  • operation in strong static magnetic fields is not possible.
  • a line transformer in the embodiment according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has these properties.
  • the 4-port differential transformer shown in Figure 1 is designed in stripline technology.
  • it contains on the upper flat side of a substrate 8 with a predetermined thickness of, for example, 0.8 mm and a predetermined relative dielectric number, which serves as a dielectric, a conductor track structure 10 with conductor tracks 16 to 19 made of electrically conductive material, preferably metal, in particular Copper, each consisting of a ring part, practically a half ring.
  • the substrate 8 can, for example, be made of plastic, preferably tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon®), or also of ceramic, for example aluminum oxide Al2O3.
  • the two strip lines 16 and 17 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to an axis of symmetry A, B. Concentric to these two strip conductors 16 and 17, two further strip conductors 18 and 19 are also arranged mirror-symmetrically to the axis of symmetry A, B.
  • the two strip conductors 16 and 19 are connected to one another by a line bridge 24, which can preferably be designed as a strip conductor of the same width.
  • the two ends of the strip conductors 17 and 18 are likewise connected to one another by a line bridge 25, which can then be designed, for example, as a wire bridge electrically insulated from the line bridge 24.
  • the ends a and b and d and e 'of the strip lines 16 and 17 or 18 and 19 on the surface of the substrate 8 are arranged opposite each other.
  • a structure of strip conductors 20 to 23 is arranged on the lower flat side of the substrate 8, which structure is designed in such a way that the strip conductors 20 to 23 are congruent when viewed from the upper flat side.
  • this conductor structure 11 which is not visible from the upper flat side and is therefore shown in dashed lines, two strip conductors 20 and 21 or 22 and 23 are also arranged mirror-symmetrically to the axis of symmetry A ', B'.
  • the axes of symmetry A, B and A'B ' lie on the two flat sides of the substrate 8 parallel to each other and opposite each other.
  • the ends of the strip conductors 22 and 21 and the ends of the strip conductors 20 and 23 are connected to each other by a bridge 26 and 27, respectively.
  • the line bridge 26 consists of a strip conductor, while the line bridge 27 is designed as a wire bridge that is electrically insulated from the bridge 26.
  • the connection d of the conductor track structure 10 on the upper flat side is connected by a cable bridge to the connection d 'of the conductor track structure 11 on the lower flat side. The same applies to the connections e 'and e.
  • line connections can be produced in a simple manner in that the substrate 8 is provided with a bore and an electrically conductive filling, for example made of solder, at the appropriate points. If a signal is fed into the gate 1 in this embodiment of a line transformer, this signal is distributed symmetrically to the gates 3 and 4. In the same way, a signal fed into gate 2 is distributed symmetrically to gates 3 and 4.
  • the two antenna gates can be connected, for example, to gate 1 of the receiver, to gate 2 of the transmitter and to gates 3 and 4 with the interposition of a 90 ° two-phase network.
  • conductor track structures 12 and 13 are arranged on the upper and lower flat side of the substrate, each consisting of strip conductors 31 to 36 and 37 to 42, respectively.
  • the conductor track structure 12 should be arranged on the upper and the conductor track structure 13 on the lower flat side of the substrate 8.
  • the strip conductors 31 and 32 as well as 33 and 34 and also 35 and 36 which consist of ring parts and are each arranged mirror-symmetrically to the axis of symmetry A, B, form concentric rings.
  • the strip conductors 31 and 34 are connected to one another at their right ends and the strip conductors 34 and 35 at their left ends by a line bridge 44 and 45, respectively, which are designed as strip conductors. These bridges 44 and 45 are each crossed by a further bridge 46 and 47, which the stripline 32nd and 33 or 33 and 36 connect to one another in an electrically conductive manner.
  • the ends a and b of the strip conductors 31 and 32 on the left are opposite to each other.
  • the ends of the strip conductors 35 and 36 face each other.
  • the two ends of the strip conductors 37 and 38 are provided with a bridge c in the conductor track structure 13 on the lower flat side of the substrate 8.
  • the strip conductors 39 and 42 are likewise connected to one another on the left-hand side by a line bridge 48, which preferably consists of a strip conductor.
  • the ends of the strip conductors 38 and 39 are electrically connected to one another on the right-hand side by a further line bridge 49.
  • the left ends of the strip conductors 40 and 41 are likewise connected to one another by a cable bridge 50, which can consist, for example, of a soldered wire which is insulated from the strip conductor bridge 48.
  • the ends of the strip conductors 37 and 40 are connected to one another on the right-hand side by a line bridge 51, which is insulated from the strip line bridge 49.
  • the ends d 'and e of the strip line 42 and 41 are electrically connected to the ends d and e' of the strip line 35 and 36 on the upper flat side.
  • This line connection can be produced in a particularly simple manner by contacting the substrate 8 at these ends, since the ends of the strip conductors are located at the same location on the opposite flat sides due to the congruent arrangement.
  • the embodiment with an odd number of rings ( Figures 4 and 5) has the advantage over the embodiment with an even number of rings ( Figures 2 and 3) that the pair of terminals d, e (gate 2 in Fig. 1) from the rest Gates is farther away.
  • a design of the conductor track structures was assumed, each of which practically consist of concentric semicircles, because rings have the greatest inductance with the shortest cable length, ie with minimal electrical losses.
  • other patterns can also be provided, which consist, for example, of ellipses or rectangles and in which the two halves of a conductor track structure are arranged symmetrically to a central axis on a flat side of the substrate.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Leitungstransformator, der in der Hochfrequenztechnik beispielsweise zur Anpassung von Impedanzen verwendet werden kann. Bei dem Leitungstransformator sind die Flachseiten eines als Dielektrikum vorgesehenen scheibenförmigen Substrats jeweils mit einer Leiterbahnstruktur versehen. Ein entsprechender Leitungstransformator geht aus "Patent Abstract of Japan", Vol. 10, Nr. 129 (E-403)(2186), 14.5.1986 sowie aus der entsprechenden JP-A-60/258911 hervor.The invention relates to a line transformer that can be used in high-frequency technology, for example, for matching impedances. In the line transformer, the flat sides of a disk-shaped substrate provided as a dielectric are each provided with a conductor track structure. A corresponding line transformer can be found in "Patent Abstract of Japan", Vol. 10, No. 129 (E-403) (2186), May 14, 1986 and in the corresponding JP-A-60/258911.

Für den Bereich niederfrequenter Wechselströme geeignete Transformatoren enthalten im allgemeinen einen Kern aus ferromagnetischem Material sowie eine Primär- und Sekundärwicklung mit jeweils wenigstens einigen Windungen. Der dadurch gebildete Vierpol soll Strom und Spannung in gewünschter Weise ändern. Solche Übertrager sind zur Impedanztransformation geeignet, solange die Länge des eine Wicklung bildenden Leiters klein ist gegen die Wellenlänge. Funkantennen sollen bekanntlich auch für sehr hohe Frequenzen elektromagnetische Energie, d.h. beliebige Signale, unverzerrt übertragen. Bei Breitbandübertragern werden deshalb beide Wicklungen so eng gekoppelt, daß sie Leitungen mit definiertem Wellenwiderstand und vernachlässigbarem Strahlungsverlust bilden. Mit Leitungsübertragern kann praktisch jedes rationale Übersetzungsverhältnis realisiert werden ("NTZ", 1966, Heft 9, Seiten 527 bis 538).Transformers suitable for the area of low-frequency alternating currents generally contain a core made of ferromagnetic material and a primary and secondary winding, each with at least a few turns. The quadrupole thus formed is to change current and voltage in the desired manner. Such transformers are suitable for impedance transformation as long as the length of the conductor forming a winding is small compared to the wavelength. It is known that radio antennas are intended to transmit electromagnetic energy, ie any signals, undistorted even for very high frequencies. In broadband transmitters, therefore, both windings are coupled so closely that they form lines with a defined characteristic impedance and negligible radiation loss. Virtually any rational transmission ratio can be achieved with line transformers ("NTZ", 1966, number 9, pages 527 to 538).

Es ist ferner bekannt, daß Induktivitäten auch in Flachbauweise als sogenannte gedruckte Spulen ausgeführt sein können. Sie bestehen dann aus einem Leiter, beispielsweise in der Form einer Spirale, der auf der Oberfläche eines flachen Körpers aus elektrisch isolierendem Material angeordnet ist. Die gegenüberliegende Flachseite des Isolierstoffkörpers kann mit einer großflächigen Metallisierung versehen sein (1987 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Vol. 1, Seiten 123 bis 126).It is also known that inductors can also be designed as flat coils as so-called printed coils. They then consist of a conductor, for example in the form of a spiral, which is arranged on the surface of a flat body made of electrically insulating material. The opposite flat side of the insulating body can be provided with a large-area metallization (1987 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Vol. 1, pages 123 to 126).

Zur Realisierung verschiedener Entkopplungs- und Verzweigungsschaltungen, beispielsweise Richtkoppler, werden in der Hochfrequenztechnik 4-Tor-Differentialtransformatoren benötigt. Diese in der Niederfrequenztechnik häufig als Gabelschaltung bezeichneten 4-Tore müssen zur Erzielung einer großen Bandbreite und zur Verminderung der Durchgangsverluste als Leitungstransformatoren ausgebildet werden.To implement various decoupling and branching circuits, for example directional couplers, 4-port differential transformers are required in high-frequency technology. These 4-ports, often referred to as hybrid switching in low-frequency technology, must be designed as line transformers in order to achieve a wide bandwidth and to reduce throughput losses.

Der aus dem eingangs genannten "Patent Abstract of Japan" zu entnehmende Zweipol-Leitungstransformator enthält ein scheibenförmiges Substrat mit einem zentralen Loch, durch das ein Kern zu stecken ist. Auf den beiden Flachseiten des Substrates ist bei einer ersten Ausführungsform jeweils eine einzige flache Leiterbahn aus einer Cu-Folie als Transformatorwindung aufgebracht. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die Transformatorwindung aus einem Laminat aus mehreren derartigen Leiterbahnen bestehen, die untereinander isoliert sind.The two-pole line transformer which can be gathered from the "Patent Abstract of Japan" mentioned at the beginning contains a disk-shaped substrate with a central hole through which a core is to be inserted. In a first embodiment, a single flat conductor track made of a copper foil is applied as a transformer turn on the two flat sides of the substrate. According to a further embodiment, the transformer turn can consist of a laminate of several such conductor tracks, which are insulated from one another.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bekannten Leitungstransformatoren zu vereinfachen und zu verbessern, insbesondere soll ein 4-Tor-Differentialtransformator so gestaltet werden, daß er sich sowohl vom Tor 1 als auch vom Tor 2 aus gesehen völlig symmetrisch zu den Toren 3 und 4 verhält.The invention is based on the object of simplifying and improving the known line transformers, in particular a 4-port differential transformer be designed so that it behaves completely symmetrically to gates 3 and 4 from both gate 1 and gate 2.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Diese Ausführungsform des Leitungstransformators in Streifenleitungstechnik ist einfach herstellbar und enthält keine ferromagnetischen Teile. Er kann somit auch in starken Magnetfeldern, beispielsweise im Feld supraleitender Magnete, insbesondere im Grundfeld eines Kernspintomographen, eingesetzt werden. Durch die spiegelsymmetrische Anordnung der beiden Teile jeder der Leiterbahnstrukturen erhält man symmetrische elektrische Eigenschaften. Durch die Dicke des Substrats, d.h. den Abstand der beiden Leiterbahnstrukturen und die Breite der Streifenleiter, kann der benötigte Wellenwiderstand Z eingestellt werden. Auch der Kopplungsgrad zwischen den Teilinduktivitäten ist reproduzierbar.This object is achieved according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1. This embodiment of the line transformer using stripline technology is simple to manufacture and contains no ferromagnetic parts. It can thus also be used in strong magnetic fields, for example in the field of superconducting magnets, in particular in the basic field of an MRI scanner. The mirror-symmetrical arrangement of the two parts of each of the conductor track structures gives symmetrical electrical properties. By the thickness of the substrate, i.e. the distance between the two conductor track structures and the width of the stripline, the required impedance Z can be set. The degree of coupling between the partial inductors is also reproducible.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird auf die Zeichnung Bezug genommen, in deren Figur 1 das Niederfrequenz-Ersatzschaltbild eines 4-Tor-Differentialtransformators schematisch veranschaulicht ist. Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen eine Ausführungsform der Leiterbahnstrukturen gemäß der Erfindung. In den Figuren 4 und 5 ist eine besondere Ausführungsform dieser Leiterbahnstrukturen dargestellt.To further explain the invention, reference is made to the drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows the low-frequency equivalent circuit diagram of a 4-port differential transformer. Figures 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the conductor track structures according to the invention. FIGS. 4 and 5 show a special embodiment of these conductor track structures.

Im Niederfrequenz-Ersatzschaltbild eines 4-Tor-Differentialtransformators gemäß Figur 1 mit einem Übersetzungsverhältnis 1:1 bildet die Eingangsklemme c und der zugeordnete, in der Figur nicht näher bezeichnete Masseanschluß das Tor 1. Das Tor 2 wird durch das Klemmenpaar d und e gebildet. Das Tor 3 wird durch die Klemme b und den entsprechenden Masseanschluß und das Tor 4 durch die Klemme a und dem zugeordneten Masseanschluß gebildet. Eine optimale Entkopplung der Tore 3 und 4 sowie der Tore 1 und 2 erhält man mit einer Impedanz von der Größe des Wellenwiderstandes Z an den Toren 3 und 4 und einer Impedanz Z/2 an den Toren 1 und 2. Dieser 4-Tor-Differentialtransformator kann bekanntlich als Leitungstransformator dadurch hergestellt werden, daß ein vorzugsweise ferromagnetischer Träger 6 mit Leitungen vorbestimmter Impedanz bewickelt wird. Die Verwendung von ferromagnetischem Material bewirkt jedoch in hochfrequenten Wechselfeldern entsprechende zusätzliche Verluste. Ferner ist bei Verwendung von ferromagnetischem Material ein Betrieb in starken statischen Magnetfeldern nicht möglich.In the low-frequency equivalent circuit diagram of a 4-port differential transformer according to FIG. 1 with a transmission ratio of 1: 1, the input terminal c and the associated ground connection, not shown in the figure, form the gate 1. The gate 2 is formed by the pair of terminals d and e. The gate 3 is formed by the terminal b and the corresponding ground connection and the gate 4 by the terminal a and the associated ground connection. Optimal decoupling of gates 3 and 4 and gates 1 and 2 is achieved with an impedance equal to the impedance Z at gates 3 and 4 and an impedance Z / 2 at gates 1 and 2. This 4-port differential transformer As is known, can be produced as a line transformer in that a preferably ferromagnetic carrier 6 is wound with lines of predetermined impedance. However, the use of ferromagnetic material causes corresponding additional losses in high-frequency alternating fields. Furthermore, when using ferromagnetic material, operation in strong static magnetic fields is not possible.

Für eine Ausführungsform dieses 4-Tor-Differentialtransformators in Streifenleitungstechnik ergibt sich nun das Problem, daß er sich sowohl vom Tor 1 als auch vom Tor 2 aus gesehen völlig symmetrisch zu den Toren 3 und 4 verhalten soll.For an embodiment of this 4-port differential transformer using stripline technology, the problem now arises that it should behave completely symmetrically with respect to ports 3 and 4, both from port 1 and from port 2.

Diese Eigenschaften hat ein Leitungstransformator in der Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung, wie sie in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellt ist. Gemäß Figur 2 ist der in Figur 1 dargestellte 4-Tor-Differentialtransformator in Streifenleitungstechnik ausgeführt. In dieser Ausführungsform enthält er auf der oberen Flachseite eines Substrats 8 mit einer vorbestimmten Dicke von beispielsweise 0,8 mm und einer vorbestimmten relativen Dielektrizitätszahl, das als Dielektrikum dient, eine Leiterbahnstruktur 10 mit Leiterbahnen 16 bis 19 aus elektrisch leitendem Material, vorzugsweise Metall, insbesondere Kupfer, die jeweils aus einem Ringteil, praktisch einem Halbring, bestehen. Das Substrat 8 kann beispielsweise aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise Tetrafluorethylen (Teflon®), oder auch aus Keramik, beispielsweise Aluminiumoxid Al₂O₃, bestehen. Die beiden Streifenleiter 16 und 17 sind spiegelsymmetrisch zu einer Symmetrieachse A, B angeordnet. Konzentrisch zu diesen beiden Streifenleitern 16 und 17 sind zwei weitere Streifenleiter 18 und 19 ebenfalls spiegelsymmetrisch zur Symmetrieachse A, B angeordnet. Auf der rechten Seite sind die beiden Streifenleiter 16 und 19 durch eine Leitungsbrücke 24 miteinander verbunden, die vorzugsweise als Streifenleiter der gleichen Breite ausgeführt sein kann. Die beiden Enden der Streifenleiter 17 und 18 sind ebenfalls durch eine Leitungsbrücke 25 miteinander verbunden, die dann beispielsweise als gegenüber der Leitungsbrücke 24 elektrisch isolierte Drahtbrücke ausgeführt sein kann. Auf der linken Seite sind jeweils die Enden a und b sowie d und e′ der Streifenleiter 16 und 17 bzw. 18 und 19 auf der Oberfläche des Substrats 8 einander gegenüber angeordnet.A line transformer in the embodiment according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has these properties. According to Figure 2, the 4-port differential transformer shown in Figure 1 is designed in stripline technology. In this embodiment, it contains on the upper flat side of a substrate 8 with a predetermined thickness of, for example, 0.8 mm and a predetermined relative dielectric number, which serves as a dielectric, a conductor track structure 10 with conductor tracks 16 to 19 made of electrically conductive material, preferably metal, in particular Copper, each consisting of a ring part, practically a half ring. The substrate 8 can, for example, be made of plastic, preferably tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon®), or also of ceramic, for example aluminum oxide Al₂O₃. The two strip lines 16 and 17 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to an axis of symmetry A, B. Concentric to these two strip conductors 16 and 17, two further strip conductors 18 and 19 are also arranged mirror-symmetrically to the axis of symmetry A, B. On the right side, the two strip conductors 16 and 19 are connected to one another by a line bridge 24, which can preferably be designed as a strip conductor of the same width. The two ends of the strip conductors 17 and 18 are likewise connected to one another by a line bridge 25, which can then be designed, for example, as a wire bridge electrically insulated from the line bridge 24. On the left side, the ends a and b and d and e 'of the strip lines 16 and 17 or 18 and 19 on the surface of the substrate 8 are arranged opposite each other.

In der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 3 ist auf der unteren Flachseite des Substrats 8 eine Struktur aus Streifenleitern 20 bis 23 angeordnet, die derart gestaltet ist, daß sich von der oberen Flachseite aus betrachtet eine deckungsgleiche Anordnung der Streifenleiter 20 bis 23 ergibt. In dieser von der oberen Flachseite nicht sichtbaren und deshalb gestrichelt dargestellten Leiterbahnstruktur 11 sind ebenfalls jeweils zwei Streifenleiter 20 und 21 bzw. 22 und 23 spiegelsymmetrisch zur Symmetrieachse A′, B′ angeordnet. Die Symmetrieachsen A, B und A′B′ liegen auf den beiden Flachseiten des Substrats 8 parallel zueinander und einander gegenüber. Auf der rechten Seite sind die Enden der Streifenleiter 22 und 21 und die Enden der Streifenleiter 20 und 23 jeweils durch eine Brücke 26 bzw. 27 miteinander verbunden. In dieser Ausführungsform besteht die Leitungsbrücke 26 aus einem Streifenleiter, während die Leitungsbrücke 27 als Drahtbrücke ausgeführt ist, die gegenüber der Brücke 26 elektrisch isoliert ist. Auf der linken Seite sind an der Klemme c die Anfänge der Streifenleiter 20 und 21 miteinander verbunden, während die Anschlüsse d′ und e einander gegenüber angeordnet sind. Gemäß Figur 1 ist der Anschluß d der Leiterbahnstruktur 10 auf der oberen Flachseite durch eine Leitungsbrücke verbunden mit dem Anschluß d′ der Leiterbahnstruktur 11 auf der unteren Flachseite. Das gleiche gilt für die Anschlüsse e′ und e. Diese Leitungsverbindungen können in einfacher Weise dadurch hergestellt werden, daß an den entsprechenden Stellen das Substrat 8 mit einer Bohrung und einer elektrisch leitenden Füllung, beispielsweise aus Lötmetall, versehen wird. Wird in dieser Ausführungsform eines Leitungstransformators in das Tor 1 ein Signal eingespeist, so wird dieses Signal symmetrisch auf die Tore 3 und 4 verteilt. In gleicher Weise wird ein im Tor 2 eingespeistes Signal symmetrisch auf die Tore 3 und 4 verteilt. Zum Betrieb einer zirkular polarisierenden Antenne eines Kernspintomographen können beispielsweise an Tor 1 der Empfänger, an Tor 2 der Sender und an die Tore 3 und 4 unter Zwischenschaltung eines 90°-Zweiphasennetzwerkes die beiden Antennentore angeschlossen werden.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, a structure of strip conductors 20 to 23 is arranged on the lower flat side of the substrate 8, which structure is designed in such a way that the strip conductors 20 to 23 are congruent when viewed from the upper flat side. In this conductor structure 11, which is not visible from the upper flat side and is therefore shown in dashed lines, two strip conductors 20 and 21 or 22 and 23 are also arranged mirror-symmetrically to the axis of symmetry A ', B'. The axes of symmetry A, B and A'B 'lie on the two flat sides of the substrate 8 parallel to each other and opposite each other. On the right side, the ends of the strip conductors 22 and 21 and the ends of the strip conductors 20 and 23 are connected to each other by a bridge 26 and 27, respectively. In this embodiment, the line bridge 26 consists of a strip conductor, while the line bridge 27 is designed as a wire bridge that is electrically insulated from the bridge 26. On the left are on the terminal c, the beginnings of the strip conductors 20 and 21 connected to each other, while the connections d 'and e are arranged opposite one another. According to Figure 1, the connection d of the conductor track structure 10 on the upper flat side is connected by a cable bridge to the connection d 'of the conductor track structure 11 on the lower flat side. The same applies to the connections e 'and e. These line connections can be produced in a simple manner in that the substrate 8 is provided with a bore and an electrically conductive filling, for example made of solder, at the appropriate points. If a signal is fed into the gate 1 in this embodiment of a line transformer, this signal is distributed symmetrically to the gates 3 and 4. In the same way, a signal fed into gate 2 is distributed symmetrically to gates 3 and 4. To operate a circularly polarizing antenna of a magnetic resonance tomograph, the two antenna gates can be connected, for example, to gate 1 of the receiver, to gate 2 of the transmitter and to gates 3 and 4 with the interposition of a 90 ° two-phase network.

In der Ausführungsform gemäß den Figuren 4 und 5 sind auf der oberen und unteren Flachseite des Substrats 8 Leiterbahnstrukturen 12 und 13 angeordnet, die jeweils aus Streifenleitern 31 bis 36 bzw. 37 bis 42 bestehen. Die Leiterbahnstruktur 12 soll auf der oberen und die Leiterbahnstruktur 13 auf der unteren Flachseite des Substrats 8 angeordnet sein. Wie in der Ausführungsform gemäß den Figuren 2 und 3 bilden die Streifenleiter 31 und 32 sowie 33 und 34 und auch 35 und 36, die aus Ringteilen bestehen, und jeweils spiegelsymmetrisch zur Symmetrieachse A, B angeordnet sind, konzentrische Ringe. Die Streifenleiter 31 und 34 sind an ihren rechten Enden und die Streifenleiter 34 und 35 an ihren linken Enden jeweils durch eine Leitungsbrücke 44 bzw. 45 miteinander verbunden, die als Streifenleiter ausgeführt sind. Diese Brücken 44 und 45 werden jeweils durch eine weitere Brücke 46 und 47 gekreuzt, welche die Streifenleiter 32 und 33 bzw. 33 und 36 elektrisch leitend miteinander verbinden. Die Enden a und b der Streifenleiter 31 und 32 auf der linken Seite liegen einander gegenüber. In ähnlicher Weise liegen auf der rechten Seite die Enden der Streifenleiter 35 und 36 einander gegenüber. In der Leiterbahnstruktur 13 auf der unteren Flachseite des Substrats 8 sind gemäß Figur 1 die beiden Enden der Streifenleiter 37 und 38 mit einer Brücke c versehen. Ebenso sind die Streifenleiter 39 und 42 auf der linken Seite durch eine Leitungsbrücke 48 miteinander verbunden, die vorzugsweise aus einem Streifenleiter besteht. Durch eine weitere Leitungsbrücke 49 sind die Enden der Streifenleiter 38 und 39 auf der rechten Seite elektrisch miteinander verbunden. Die linken Enden der Streifenleiter 40 und 41 sind ebenfalls durch eine Leitungsbrücke 50 miteinander verbunden, die beispielsweise aus einem angelöteten Draht bestehen kann, der isoliert gegenüber der Streifenleiterbrücke 48 ausgeführt ist. In gleicher Weise sind auf der rechten Seite die Enden der Streifenleiter 37 und 40 durch eine Leitungsbrücke 51 miteinander verbunden, die isoliert gegenüber der Streifenleitungsbrücke 49 ausgeführt ist. Gemäß Figur 1 sind die Enden d′ und e der Streifenleiter 42 und 41 mit den Enden d bzw. e′ der Streifenleiter 35 und 36 auf der oberen Flachseite elektrisch verbunden. Diese Leitungsverbindung kann in besonders einfacher Weise dadurch hergestellt werden, daß das Substrat 8 an diesen Enden durchkontaktiert ist, da sich die Enden der Streifenleiter durch die deckungsgleiche Anordnung auf den gegenüberliegenden Flachseiten jeweils am gleichen Ort befinden. Die Ausführungsform mit einer ungeraden Zahl von Ringen (Figuren 4 und 5) hat gegenüber der Ausführungsform mit einer geraden Zahl von Ringen (Figuren 2 und 3) den Vorteil, daß das Klemmenpaar d, e (Tor 2 in Fig. 1) von den übrigen Toren räumlich weiter entfernt ist.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5, 8 conductor track structures 12 and 13 are arranged on the upper and lower flat side of the substrate, each consisting of strip conductors 31 to 36 and 37 to 42, respectively. The conductor track structure 12 should be arranged on the upper and the conductor track structure 13 on the lower flat side of the substrate 8. As in the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3, the strip conductors 31 and 32 as well as 33 and 34 and also 35 and 36, which consist of ring parts and are each arranged mirror-symmetrically to the axis of symmetry A, B, form concentric rings. The strip conductors 31 and 34 are connected to one another at their right ends and the strip conductors 34 and 35 at their left ends by a line bridge 44 and 45, respectively, which are designed as strip conductors. These bridges 44 and 45 are each crossed by a further bridge 46 and 47, which the stripline 32nd and 33 or 33 and 36 connect to one another in an electrically conductive manner. The ends a and b of the strip conductors 31 and 32 on the left are opposite to each other. Similarly, on the right side, the ends of the strip conductors 35 and 36 face each other. According to FIG. 1, the two ends of the strip conductors 37 and 38 are provided with a bridge c in the conductor track structure 13 on the lower flat side of the substrate 8. The strip conductors 39 and 42 are likewise connected to one another on the left-hand side by a line bridge 48, which preferably consists of a strip conductor. The ends of the strip conductors 38 and 39 are electrically connected to one another on the right-hand side by a further line bridge 49. The left ends of the strip conductors 40 and 41 are likewise connected to one another by a cable bridge 50, which can consist, for example, of a soldered wire which is insulated from the strip conductor bridge 48. In the same way, the ends of the strip conductors 37 and 40 are connected to one another on the right-hand side by a line bridge 51, which is insulated from the strip line bridge 49. According to Figure 1, the ends d 'and e of the strip line 42 and 41 are electrically connected to the ends d and e' of the strip line 35 and 36 on the upper flat side. This line connection can be produced in a particularly simple manner by contacting the substrate 8 at these ends, since the ends of the strip conductors are located at the same location on the opposite flat sides due to the congruent arrangement. The embodiment with an odd number of rings (Figures 4 and 5) has the advantage over the embodiment with an even number of rings (Figures 2 and 3) that the pair of terminals d, e (gate 2 in Fig. 1) from the rest Gates is farther away.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel wurde eine Bauform der Leiterbahnstrukturen angenommen, die jeweils praktisch aus konzentrischen Halbkreisen bestehen, weil man mit Ringen die größte Induktivität bei kürzester Leitungslänge, d.h. bei geringsten elektrischen Verlusten, erhält. Es können jedoch auch andere Muster vorgesehen sein, die beispielsweise aus Ellipsen oder Rechtecken bestehen und bei denen die beiden Hälften einer Leiterbahnstruktur symmetrisch zu einer Mittelachse auf einer Flachseite des Substrats angeordnet sind.In the exemplary embodiment, a design of the conductor track structures was assumed, each of which practically consist of concentric semicircles, because rings have the greatest inductance with the shortest cable length, ie with minimal electrical losses. However, other patterns can also be provided, which consist, for example, of ellipses or rectangles and in which the two halves of a conductor track structure are arranged symmetrically to a central axis on a flat side of the substrate.

Claims (4)

  1. A line transformer in which
    a) the flat sides of a disc-shaped substrate (8), provided as a dielectric, are provided in each case with a printed conductor structure (10,11),
    characterised in that
    b) these printed conductor structures (10,11) consist in each case of concentric strip lines (16 to 23) as well as of several terminals (a,b,d,e',d',e) and several line bridges (24 to 27), wherein the strip lines (16 to 23) form two patterns and are constructed to be coincident and are arranged above each other with the substrate (8) as an intermediate layer,
    c) the patterns (16,18;17,19 or 20,22;21,23) which belong to a printed conductor structure (10 or 11) are arranged in mirror symmetry relative to a symmetrical axes (A,B, or A',B') and
    d) the symmetrical axes (A,B and A',B') extend parallel to each other and lie opposite each other on in each case one of the flat sides of the substrate (8).
  2. A line transformer according to claim 1, characterised in that the printed conductor structures (10 to 13) consist substantially of half rings.
  3. A line transformer according to claim 2, characterised in that the half rings (31 to 36) on the two flat sides of the substrate (8) form an odd number of rings.
  4. A line transformer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that between the ends (d,d', and e,e',) of the strip lines (19,22 or 18, 23), opposing each other on the two flat sides of the substrate (8), metallised bores are provided as line bridges.
EP88119827A 1988-11-28 1988-11-28 Network transformer Expired - Lifetime EP0371157B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88119827A EP0371157B1 (en) 1988-11-28 1988-11-28 Network transformer
DE88119827T DE3888185D1 (en) 1988-11-28 1988-11-28 Line transformer.
JP01306357A JP3120985B2 (en) 1988-11-28 1989-11-24 Track transformer
US07/442,541 US4992769A (en) 1988-11-28 1989-11-28 Line transformer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88119827A EP0371157B1 (en) 1988-11-28 1988-11-28 Network transformer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0371157A1 EP0371157A1 (en) 1990-06-06
EP0371157B1 true EP0371157B1 (en) 1994-03-02

Family

ID=8199606

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88119827A Expired - Lifetime EP0371157B1 (en) 1988-11-28 1988-11-28 Network transformer

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4992769A (en)
EP (1) EP0371157B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3120985B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3888185D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2652210B1 (en) * 1989-09-20 1995-06-16 Alcatel Radiotelephone PHASE AND AMPLITUDE MODULATION CIRCUIT.
DE4037894A1 (en) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-13 Siemens Ag CORE SPIN TOMOGRAPH
DE4117878C2 (en) * 1990-05-31 1996-09-26 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Planar magnetic element
US5091708A (en) * 1990-07-30 1992-02-25 North American Philips Corporation Transmission line transformer
JP2941484B2 (en) * 1991-05-31 1999-08-25 株式会社東芝 Plane transformer
FR2699524B1 (en) * 1992-12-21 1995-02-10 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Composition based on a mixed oxide of cerium and zirconium, preparation and use.
US5451914A (en) * 1994-07-05 1995-09-19 Motorola, Inc. Multi-layer radio frequency transformer
US5917386A (en) * 1997-03-12 1999-06-29 Zenith Electronics Corporation Printed circuit transformer hybrids for RF mixers
DE19739962C2 (en) * 1997-09-11 2000-05-18 Siemens Ag Planar, coupled coil arrangement
FR2772973B1 (en) * 1997-12-23 2000-06-30 Sextant Avionique WINDING FOR PLANAR TRANSFORMER
WO2000011687A1 (en) * 1998-08-21 2000-03-02 Nucleus Ecopower Limited Planar transformer
SE9900852D0 (en) * 1999-03-08 1999-03-08 Secheron Sa An electrical coil module, an electrical coil comprising such modules, an actuation mechanism including such a coil and a circuit breaker comprising such an actuation mechanism
DE19944741C2 (en) * 1999-09-17 2001-09-13 Siemens Ag Monolithically integrated transformer
US6407647B1 (en) * 2001-01-23 2002-06-18 Triquint Semiconductor, Inc. Integrated broadside coupled transmission line element
TW578170B (en) * 2001-01-31 2004-03-01 Endpoints Technology Corp Inductor apparatus
EP1261033B1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2006-08-30 Nokia Corporation On chip inductive structure
DE10162263A1 (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-07-10 Infineon Technologies Ag Inductive component
US6806558B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2004-10-19 Triquint Semiconductor, Inc. Integrated segmented and interdigitated broadside- and edge-coupled transmission lines
US6714112B2 (en) * 2002-05-10 2004-03-30 Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Limited Silicon-based inductor with varying metal-to-metal conductor spacing
US20050077992A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2005-04-14 Gopal Raghavan Symmetric planar inductor
US7011197B2 (en) * 2003-02-18 2006-03-14 Labout Andrew M Clutch control system and method
JP4507508B2 (en) * 2003-05-08 2010-07-21 パナソニック株式会社 Inductor device and manufacturing method thereof
US7283028B2 (en) * 2003-08-07 2007-10-16 Tdk Corporation Coil component
US6825749B1 (en) * 2004-01-26 2004-11-30 National Applied Research Laboratories National Chip Implementation Center Symmetric crossover structure of two lines for RF integrated circuits
US7272375B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2007-09-18 Silicon Laboratories Inc. Integrated low-IF terrestrial audio broadcast receiver and associated method
US7786836B2 (en) * 2005-07-19 2010-08-31 Lctank Llc Fabrication of inductors in transformer based tank circuitry
EP1916677A1 (en) * 2006-10-25 2008-04-30 Laird Technologies AB Transformer and method of making a transformer
TWI344656B (en) * 2007-07-13 2011-07-01 Via Tech Inc Inductor structure
KR101453071B1 (en) * 2008-05-14 2014-10-23 삼성전자주식회사 Transformer balun and integrated circuit including the same
US20100090789A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2010-04-15 Middle Atlantic Products, Inc. Method, system and transformer for mitigating harmonics
SG10201504617XA (en) 2010-06-11 2015-07-30 Ricoh Co Ltd Information storage device, removable device, developer container, and image forming apparatus
JP5485807B2 (en) * 2010-06-16 2014-05-07 日精株式会社 Substrate antenna
JP5216938B2 (en) * 2010-09-22 2013-06-19 パイオニア株式会社 Non-contact power transmission coil
US20160064137A1 (en) * 2014-09-02 2016-03-03 Apple Inc. Capacitively balanced inductive charging coil

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1233894A (en) * 1967-06-19 1971-06-03
JPS5819200B2 (en) * 1977-12-23 1983-04-16 パイオニア株式会社 Moving coil type cartridge
US4430758A (en) * 1982-06-03 1984-02-07 Scientific Component Corporation Suspended-substrate co-planar stripline mixer
JPS60258911A (en) * 1984-06-05 1985-12-20 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Winding method of transformer
US4785345A (en) * 1986-05-08 1988-11-15 American Telephone And Telegraph Co., At&T Bell Labs. Integrated transformer structure with primary winding in substrate
US4816784A (en) * 1988-01-19 1989-03-28 Northern Telecom Limited Balanced planar transformers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4992769A (en) 1991-02-12
JPH02184005A (en) 1990-07-18
JP3120985B2 (en) 2000-12-25
EP0371157A1 (en) 1990-06-06
DE3888185D1 (en) 1994-04-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0371157B1 (en) Network transformer
DE2448544C2 (en) Microwave arrangement with a λ / 2 resonator
Oltman The compensated balun
EP1337001B1 (en) Device for contactless transmission of electrical signals and /or energy
GB2173956A (en) Integrated electrical transformer
DE69811266T2 (en) POWER CIRCUIT FOR COMPACT ANTENNA
DE1958583A1 (en) Component for the transmission of microwaves
US3784933A (en) Broadband balun
EP2991159B1 (en) Feed network for antenna systems
DE69013199T2 (en) Transition from a waveguide with a reduced height to a microstrip line.
US3965445A (en) Microstrip or stripline coupled-transmission-line impedance transformer
DE2757627A1 (en) MICROWAVE PHASE SHIFTER WITH DEVICE FOR ENERGY INPUT OR OUTPUT
DE69934749T2 (en) Transducers for electrically transversal or quasi-transversal modes in waveguide modes
DE69016896T2 (en) Flat magic tea in airstrip / stripline technology.
DE10065510C2 (en) Resonator, filter and duplexer
DE102006046728A1 (en) Directional coupler e.g. rat-race coupler, for use in micro-chip, has gates electrically connected with each other by line branches, where all line branches are formed as symmetric line pairs
EP2489095B1 (en) Antenna coupler
DE202010016850U1 (en) RF power coupler
EP0124168B1 (en) Mixer
Swanson et al. An HTS end-coupled CPW filter at 35 GHz
DE10202731A1 (en) Nonreciprocal circuit device and communication device
DE2253175A1 (en) CIRCULATOR WITH CONNECTING ARMS TRAINED IN MIC TECHNOLOGY
DE102009049609B4 (en) Stripline balun
EP0337191A1 (en) Line transformer
DE68927515T2 (en) Hybrid RF phase shifter

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19900710

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19920806

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940302

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19940302

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3888185

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940407

EN Fr: translation not filed
GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]

Effective date: 19940302

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20030120

Year of fee payment: 15

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040602