EP0363878B1 - Catalytic exhaust gas purification device for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Catalytic exhaust gas purification device for internal-combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0363878B1
EP0363878B1 EP89118739A EP89118739A EP0363878B1 EP 0363878 B1 EP0363878 B1 EP 0363878B1 EP 89118739 A EP89118739 A EP 89118739A EP 89118739 A EP89118739 A EP 89118739A EP 0363878 B1 EP0363878 B1 EP 0363878B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
shell
annular cavity
support shell
ventilation openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89118739A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0363878A3 (en
EP0363878A2 (en
Inventor
Enrique Santiago
Anton Rupp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arvin Industries Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Zeuna Starker GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0363878A2 publication Critical patent/EP0363878A2/en
Publication of EP0363878A3 publication Critical patent/EP0363878A3/en
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Publication of EP0363878B1 publication Critical patent/EP0363878B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • F01N3/2857—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being at least partially made of intumescent material, e.g. unexpanded vermiculite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00—Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
    • F01N2350/02—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
    • F01N2350/04—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing with means compensating thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00—Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
    • F01N2350/02—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
    • F01N2350/06—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing with means preventing gas flow by-pass or leakage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines with a metallic support shell with exhaust gas supply and exhaust discharge connections arranged on the end face, one or more catalytically active monolithic ceramic bodies being resiliently mounted in the support shell, and with an insulation shell which covers the support shell over its entire length Surrounds length, which only has fixed connections with the carrier shell adjacent to the exhaust gas inlet connector and the exhaust gas outlet connector, which otherwise forms an annular cavity between itself and the carrier shell and is provided with ventilation openings.
  • Such a device is known from DE-OS 29 13 733.
  • the ventilation openings are formed in that the two half-shells of the insulation shell do not abut one another at their longitudinal edges, but rather define two longitudinally extending columns through which air for cooling the ceramic body and its storage can enter the annular cavity.
  • the known device has the disadvantage that the exhaust gas entering the device through the exhaust gas supply connection on the carrier shell, which is cooled by the air flow entering the annular cavity, is cooled. Such cooling of the exhaust gas is undesirable, however, because it increases the light-off time of the device; The reactions required for cleaning the exhaust gas presuppose a minimum temperature of the exhaust gas, which is why cooling of the exhaust gas before entering the ceramic body should be avoided as far as possible.
  • Expandable mats which are increasingly used in the production of exhaust gas catalysts for storing the monolithic ceramic bodies, have the particular advantage that when they are heated for the first time they expand by a greater amount than their shrinkage during subsequent cooling, ie the expanded mats have after their first use Heating and re-cooling a greater extent than before; thus can the production of catalytic converters can be carried out comfortably by inserting the ceramic body, which is wrapped with an expansion mat, into the open housing, whereupon it is closed and heated; as a result of the heating, the inflatable mat expands and clamps the ceramic body firmly in the surrounding housing.
  • Inflatable mats require a constant temperature gradient from inside (ceramic body) to outside (housing) or a corresponding heat flow from inside to outside for their safe functioning. For this reason, cooling of the housing in the area of the inflatable mat is required.
  • a device for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in which the monoliths are mounted in the carrier shell by means of expansion mats, is known from DE-OS 34 32 283.
  • the carrier shell is cooled in the areas serving to support the monoliths, as a result of which the required heat flow is established from the inside to the outside;
  • the inside surfaces of the housing must be closed insulating areas, thermally insulating mats applied, which are covered by high-temperature-resistant shielding plates.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a generic catalyst, which is characterized by a high response speed.
  • the structure of the catalyst should be simple with reliable storage of the monoliths, and manufacturing outlay and manufacturing costs should be correspondingly low.
  • each ceramic body by means of a surrounding Inflatable mat is mounted within the carrier shell, that the ventilation openings of the insulation shell are arranged in the sections associated with the mounting of the ceramic body in the carrier shell, and that the annular cavity outside the ventilated sections is designed as chambers that are not flowed through and separated from these sections.
  • the support shell is cooled to a degree dependent on the design of the ventilation openings via the ventilation openings in the area of the storage of the ceramic bodies, that is to say the temperature of the support shell required for the optimal functioning of the expansion mat used can be set by appropriate design of the ventilation openings.
  • the ring-shaped cavity in the areas outside the storage of the ceramic bodies by virtue of its design as non-flow-through chambers, serves for insulation against heat losses, as a result of which the catalytic converter's light-off temperature is reached quickly.
  • the chambers through which the flow does not flow can be separated from the ventilated regions of the annular cavity in various ways; for example, sealing rings can be inserted between the carrier shell and the insulation shell; furthermore, it is possible to provide beads which protrude from one another in the insulation shell and / or in the carrier shell to separate the various functional areas - cooling on the one hand and insulation on the other hand.
  • the production of the exhaust gas catalytic converter according to the invention is extremely simple and can be carried out quickly and inexpensively, because the number of components is extremely low and high manufacturing tolerances can also be permitted.
  • the entire housing thus consists of only four components which are to be connected to one another. This leads to a considerable reduction in production costs compared to known embodiments of catalytic converters which have partial thermal insulation.
  • the insulation shell can at least partially function as a heat shield, which in the case of known catalysts generally between the catalyst and the vehicle floor and below the catalyst must take over. This also results in further structural simplifications of the overall arrangement.
  • the insulation shell has on both sides of the areas provided with the ventilation openings inwardly directed beads of a height which essentially corresponds to the thickness of the annular cavity.
  • the beads thus divide the annular cavity into several chambers, one of which is used for thermal insulation and the other of which is flowed through by cooling air entering and exiting through the ventilation openings.
  • the beads thus divide the annular cavity into different functional areas.
  • the beads can compensate for different thermal expansion of the carrier shell and the insulation shell, because they allow a certain axial movement of the regions of the insulation shell lying on both sides of the beads relative to one another. This function is particularly noteworthy where the support shell and the insulation shell are made different material is used. Stainless steel for the carrier shell and aluminized sheet metal for the insulation shell can be used as the preferred material pairing.
  • sealing cords are clamped between the beads and the carrier shell, as a result of which the different functional areas of the annular cavity are optimally delimited from one another.
  • the beads have a suitably shaped cross section that receives the sealing cord. In particular, this also prevents the two metallic shells from rubbing against one another, for example in the event of vibrations or different thermal expansion.
  • the corresponding chambers separated from the flow through the annular cavity and separated by seals or beads or a seal or a bead on the one hand and the connection between the carrier shell and the insulation shell can be filled with a heat-insulating material.
  • individual or all of the chambers can be filled with a heat-insulating material which lie outside the areas that support the ceramic bodies.
  • a heat-insulating material which lie outside the areas that support the ceramic bodies.
  • different heat-insulating materials can also be used in the different chambers.
  • the ventilation openings are gill-shaped, that is to say they are shaped in such a way that they pass by the ventilation openings serving the cooling air inlet "Capture" the airstream flow and / or cause the cooling air contained in the annular cavity, which is caused by the airflow flowing past, to be extracted through the ventilation openings that serve to discharge the cooling air.
  • the supply of the cooling air to the carrier shell in the area of the storage of the ceramic body can be favored.
  • Appropriate design of the gill-shaped ventilation openings also makes it possible to even out the cooling over the entire circumference of the carrier shell, as a result of which stresses caused by temperature gradients are reduced.
  • the gill-shaped ventilation openings can additionally be designed in such a way that they impart a swirl to the cooling air entering the annular cavity; the tangential movement of the cooling air in the annular cavity which is thereby achieved also compares the temperature of the carrier shell along its circumference.
  • the heat transfer from the carrier shell to the cooling air can be improved by swirling the entire cooling air accordingly.
  • an advantageous embodiment of the invention has Exhaust gas catalytic converter deflector rings, which - as seen in the direction of flow - are arranged in front of the ceramic bodies in the carrier housing. In this way, the lifespan of the inflatable mat and thus the catalytic converter can be increased.
  • the ceramic bodies (1) with axial flow are supported in the carrier shell (3) via inflatable mats (2).
  • the carrier shell is longitudinally divided and has an upper half shell (3a) and a lower half shell (3b).
  • the exhaust gas catalytic converter is flowed through in the direction of arrow (4) from the exhaust gas supply nozzle (5) to the exhaust gas discharge nozzle (6).
  • the carrier shell (3) has transition cones (7) adjacent to the exhaust gas supply connection piece (5) and the exhaust gas discharge connection piece (6).
  • Deflection rings (8) are arranged in the direction of flow (4) in front of the ceramic bodies (1) in the carrier shell (3).
  • the carrier shell (3) is surrounded by an insulation shell (9), which has a fixed connection (10) with that only in the area of the exhaust gas supply connection piece (5) and the exhaust gas discharge connection piece (6).
  • the insulation shell (9) and the carrier shell (3) are arranged at an essentially uniform distance from one another, so that an annular cavity (11) is formed between them.
  • the insulation shell is provided with ventilation openings (12).
  • the ventilation openings in the region of the - in the flow direction (4) - first ceramic body (1a) are designed like a gill, so that the wind flow (13) is forced onto the carrier shell (3) and cools it.
  • the insulation shell (9) has inwardly directed, approximately semicircular beads (16) with a height which essentially corresponds to the distance between the insulation shell and the carrier shell.
  • the annular cavity (11) in a total of five chambers divided.
  • the chambers used for heat insulation in the area of the transition cones (7) and the central part (17) of the carrier shell (3) are filled with a heat-insulating material (18). In this way, the heat losses in front of and between the ceramic bodies (1) are reduced, so that the light-off temperature of the catalyst is reached quickly.
  • the first bead - in the direction of the flow through the catalyst - has in its center an annular, radially outwardly directed recess (19) into which a sealing cord (20) is inserted.
  • the sealing cord is clamped between the bead (16) and the carrier shell (3) and thus effectively separates the different functional areas of the annular cavity (11) from one another.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur katalytischen Reinigung von Abgasen aus Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer metallischen Trägerschale mit stirnseitig angeordneten Abgaszuführ- und Abgasabführstutzen, wobei in der Trägerschale ein oder mehrere katalytisch aktive monolithische Keramikkörper nachgiebig gelagert sind, und mit einer Isolationsschale, welche die Trägerschale über ihre gesamte Länge umgibt, welche nur benachbart dem Abgaszuführstutzen und dem Abgasabführstutzen feste Verbindungen mit der Trägerschale besitzt, welche zwischen sich und der Trägerschale im übrigen einen ringförmigen Hohlraum bildet und mit Ventilationsöffnungen versehen ist.The invention relates to a device for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines with a metallic support shell with exhaust gas supply and exhaust discharge connections arranged on the end face, one or more catalytically active monolithic ceramic bodies being resiliently mounted in the support shell, and with an insulation shell which covers the support shell over its entire length Surrounds length, which only has fixed connections with the carrier shell adjacent to the exhaust gas inlet connector and the exhaust gas outlet connector, which otherwise forms an annular cavity between itself and the carrier shell and is provided with ventilation openings.

Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus der DE-OS 29 13 733 bekannt. Bei der bekannten Vorrichtung werden die Ventilationsöffnungen dadurch gebildet, daß die beiden Halbschalen der Isolationsschale an ihren Längsrändern nicht aneinander anliegen, sondern vielmehr zwei in Längsrichtung verlaufende Spalten definieren, durch die Luft zur Kühlung des Keramikkörpers und dessen Lagerung in den ringförmigen Hohlraum eintreten kann.Such a device is known from DE-OS 29 13 733. In the known device, the ventilation openings are formed in that the two half-shells of the insulation shell do not abut one another at their longitudinal edges, but rather define two longitudinally extending columns through which air for cooling the ceramic body and its storage can enter the annular cavity.

Die bekannte Vorrichtung weist den Nachteil auf, daß das durch den Abgaszuführstutzen in die Vorrichtung eintretende Abgas an der Trägerschale, die durch den in den ringförmigen Hohlraum eintretenden Luftstrom gekühlt wird, eine Abkühlung erfährt. Eine derartige Abkühlung des Abgases ist jedoch unerwünscht, weil dadurch die Anspringzeit der Vorrichtung verlängert wird; die zur Reinigung des Abgases erforderlichen Reaktionen setzen nämlich eine Mindesttemperatur des Abgases voraus, weshalb eine Abkühlung des Abgases vor dem Eintreten in den Keramikkörper möglichst zu vermeiden ist.The known device has the disadvantage that the exhaust gas entering the device through the exhaust gas supply connection on the carrier shell, which is cooled by the air flow entering the annular cavity, is cooled. Such cooling of the exhaust gas is undesirable, however, because it increases the light-off time of the device; The reactions required for cleaning the exhaust gas presuppose a minimum temperature of the exhaust gas, which is why cooling of the exhaust gas before entering the ceramic body should be avoided as far as possible.

Andererseits kann jedoch insbesondere bei der Verwendung einer Blähmatte zur Lagerung des Keramikkörpers in der Trägerschale auf deren Kühlung nicht verzichtet werden. Zwar besitzen Blähmatten, die bei der Herstellung von Abgaskatalysatoren zur Lagerung der monolithischen Keramikkörper zunehmend Verwendung finden, insbesondere den Vorteil, daß sie sich bei ihrer erstmaligen Erwärmung um ein größeres Maß ausdehnen als ihrer Schrumpfung beim anschließenden Abkühlen entspricht, d.h. die Blähmatten besitzen nach ihrer erstmaligen Erwärmung und Wiederabkühlung eine größere Ausdehnung als vorher; somit kann die Herstellung von Abgaskatalysatoren bequem dadurch erfolgen, daß der mit einer Blähmatte umgewickelte Keramikkörper in das geöffnete Gehäuse eingelegt wird, woraufhin es geschlossen und erwärmt wird; durch die Erwärmung dehnt sich die Blähmatte aus und verspannt den Keramikkörper fest in dem ihn umgebenden Gehäuse. Blähmatten erfordern für ihr sicheres Funktionieren jedoch bei allen Betriebsbedingungen ein stetiges Temperaturgefälle von innen (Keramikkörper) nach außen (Gehäuse) bzw. einen entsprechenden Wärmefluß von innen nach außen. Aus diesem Grund ist eine Kühlung des Gehäuses im Bereich der Blähmatte erforderlich.On the other hand, however, especially when using an expandable mat for storing the ceramic body in the carrier shell, cooling cannot be dispensed with. Expandable mats, which are increasingly used in the production of exhaust gas catalysts for storing the monolithic ceramic bodies, have the particular advantage that when they are heated for the first time they expand by a greater amount than their shrinkage during subsequent cooling, ie the expanded mats have after their first use Heating and re-cooling a greater extent than before; thus can the production of catalytic converters can be carried out comfortably by inserting the ceramic body, which is wrapped with an expansion mat, into the open housing, whereupon it is closed and heated; as a result of the heating, the inflatable mat expands and clamps the ceramic body firmly in the surrounding housing. Inflatable mats, however, require a constant temperature gradient from inside (ceramic body) to outside (housing) or a corresponding heat flow from inside to outside for their safe functioning. For this reason, cooling of the housing in the area of the inflatable mat is required.

Eine Vorrichtung zur katalytischen Reinigung von Abgasen aus Brennkraftmaschinen, bei welcher die Monolithe mittels Blähmatten in der Trägerschale gelagert sind, ist aus der DE-OS 34 32 283 bekannt. Bei der bekannten Vorrichtung wird die Trägerschale in den der Lagerung der Monolithe dienenden Bereichen gekühlt, wodurch sich der erforderliche Wärmefluß von innen nach außen einstellt; um unerwünschte Wärmeverluste in den übrigen Bereichen zu vermeiden, sind auf den Innenflächen des Gehäuses in den zu isolierenden Bereichen thermisch isolierende Matten aufgebracht, die von hochtemperaturfesten Abschirmblechen überdeckt sind. Um bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung die Gefahr des Ausblasens der isolierenden Matten durch den pulsierenden Abgasstrom zu minimieren, ist eine aufwendige Verbindung des hochtemperaturfesten Abschirmbleches zum Gehäuse nötig, welche einerseits möglichst gasdicht sein soll, welche andererseits jedoch eine Kompensation der unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnung der aus verschiedenen Materialien hergestellten Bauteile zulassen muß. Die erforderliche hohe Fertigungsgenauigkeit bei den zahlreichen zu verwendenden Bauteilen führt insgesamt zu einer aufwendigen und somit kostenintensiven Herstellung des bekannten Katalysators.A device for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in which the monoliths are mounted in the carrier shell by means of expansion mats, is known from DE-OS 34 32 283. In the known device, the carrier shell is cooled in the areas serving to support the monoliths, as a result of which the required heat flow is established from the inside to the outside; To avoid unwanted heat loss in the other areas, the inside surfaces of the housing must be closed insulating areas, thermally insulating mats applied, which are covered by high-temperature-resistant shielding plates. In order to minimize the risk of the insulating mats being blown out by the pulsating exhaust gas flow in this known device, a complex connection of the high-temperature-resistant shielding plate to the housing is necessary, which on the one hand should be as gas-tight as possible, but on the other hand compensates for the different thermal expansion of the different materials Components must allow. The required high manufacturing accuracy with the numerous components to be used leads overall to a complex and therefore costly manufacture of the known catalyst.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgemäßen Katalysator zu schaffen, der sich durch eine hohe Ansprechgeschwindigkeit auszeichnet. Gleichzeitig soll bei zuverlässiger Lagerung der Monolithe der Aufbau des Katalysators einfach und sollen Fertigungsaufwand und Herstellungskosten dementsprechend gering sein.The invention has for its object to provide a generic catalyst, which is characterized by a high response speed. At the same time, the structure of the catalyst should be simple with reliable storage of the monoliths, and manufacturing outlay and manufacturing costs should be correspondingly low.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß jeder Keramikkörper mittels einer ihn umgebenden Blähmatte innerhalb der Trägerschale gelagert ist, daß die Ventilationsöffnungen der Isolationsschale in deren der Lagerung der Keramikkörper in der Trägerschale zugeordneten Abschnitten angeordnet sind und daß der ringförmige Hohlraum außerhalb der ventilierten Abschnitte als von diesen Abschnitten abgetrennte, nicht durchströmte Kammern ausgebildet ist.This object is achieved in that each ceramic body by means of a surrounding Inflatable mat is mounted within the carrier shell, that the ventilation openings of the insulation shell are arranged in the sections associated with the mounting of the ceramic body in the carrier shell, and that the annular cavity outside the ventilated sections is designed as chambers that are not flowed through and separated from these sections.

Über die Ventilationsöffnungen im Bereich der Lagerung der Keramikkörper wird die Trägerschale in einem von der Gestaltung der Ventilationsöffnungen abhängigen Maß gekühlt, d.h. durch entsprechende Gestaltung der Ventilationsöffnungen läßt sich die für die optimale Funktion der verwendeten Blähmatte erforderliche Temperatur der Trägerschale einstellen. Gleichzeitig dient der ringförmige Hohlraum in den Bereichen außerhalb der Lagerung der Keramikkörper durch seine Ausgestaltung als nicht durchströmte Kammern zur Isolation gegen Wärmeverluste, wodurch die Anspringtemperatur des Katalysators rasch erreicht wird. Die Abtrennung der nicht durchströmten Kammern von den ventilierten Bereichen des ringförmigen Hohlraumes kann auf verschiedene Weise erfolgen; beispielsweise können Dichtungsringe zwischen die Trägerschale und die Isolationsschale eingelegt werden; ferner ist es möglich, zur Abtrennung der verschiedenen Funktionsbereiche - Kühlung einerseits und Isolierung andererseits - voneinander in der Isolationsschale und/oder in der Trägerschale in den ringförmigen Hohlraum vorspringende Sicken vorzusehen.The support shell is cooled to a degree dependent on the design of the ventilation openings via the ventilation openings in the area of the storage of the ceramic bodies, that is to say the temperature of the support shell required for the optimal functioning of the expansion mat used can be set by appropriate design of the ventilation openings. At the same time, the ring-shaped cavity in the areas outside the storage of the ceramic bodies, by virtue of its design as non-flow-through chambers, serves for insulation against heat losses, as a result of which the catalytic converter's light-off temperature is reached quickly. The chambers through which the flow does not flow can be separated from the ventilated regions of the annular cavity in various ways; for example, sealing rings can be inserted between the carrier shell and the insulation shell; furthermore, it is possible to provide beads which protrude from one another in the insulation shell and / or in the carrier shell to separate the various functional areas - cooling on the one hand and insulation on the other hand.

Die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskatalysators ist äußerst einfach und kann rasch und kostengünstig erfolgen, weil die Zahl der Bauteile äußerst niedrig ist und zudem hohe Fertigungstoleranzen zugelassen werden können. Im Falle von einer jeweils aus zwei Halbschalen aufgebauten Trägerschale bzw. Isolationsschale besteht das gesamte Gehäuse somit aus lediglich vier Bauteilen, welche miteinander zu verbinden sind. Dies führt zu einer beträchtlichen Herabsetzung des Fertigungsaufwandes gegenüber bekannten Ausführungsformen von Abgaskatalysatoren, welche über eine teilweise Wärmeisolierung verfügen. Zusätzlich kann die Isolationsschale zumindest teilweise die Funktion der Hitzeschutzschilde, welche bei bekannten Katalysatoren i.a. zwischen dem Katalysator und dem Fahrzeugboden sowie unterhalb des Katalysators angeordnet werden müssen, übernehmen. Auch dadurch ergeben sich weitere bauliche Vereinfachungen der Gesamtanordnung.The production of the exhaust gas catalytic converter according to the invention is extremely simple and can be carried out quickly and inexpensively, because the number of components is extremely low and high manufacturing tolerances can also be permitted. In the case of a support shell or insulation shell made up of two half shells, the entire housing thus consists of only four components which are to be connected to one another. This leads to a considerable reduction in production costs compared to known embodiments of catalytic converters which have partial thermal insulation. In addition, the insulation shell can at least partially function as a heat shield, which in the case of known catalysts generally between the catalyst and the vehicle floor and below the catalyst must take over. This also results in further structural simplifications of the overall arrangement.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskatalysators besitzt die Isolationsschale beidseits der mit den Ventilationsöffnungen versehenen Bereiche nach innen gerichtete Sicken einer Höhe, die im wesentlichen der Dicke des ringförmigen Hohlraums entspricht. Die Sicken unterteilen so den ringförmigen Hohlraum in mehrere Kammern, von denen die einen der Wärmeisolierung dienen und die anderen von durch die Ventilationsöffnungen ein- und austretender Kühlluft durchströmt sind. Die Sicken unterteilen somit den ringförmigen Hohlraum in unterschiedliche Funktionsbereiche. Überdies können die Sicken eine unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnung der Trägerschale und der Isolationsschale kompensieren, weil sie eine gewisse axiale Bewegung der beidseits der Sicken liegenden Bereiche der Isolationsschale relativ zueinander zulassen. Diese Funktion ist besonders dort hervorzuheben, wo für die Herstellung der Trägerschale und der Isolationsschale unterschiedliches Material verwendet wird. Als bevorzugte Materialpaarung kann Edelstahl für die Trägerschale und aluminiertes Blech für die Isolationsschale verwendet werden.In a preferred embodiment of the exhaust gas catalytic converter according to the invention, the insulation shell has on both sides of the areas provided with the ventilation openings inwardly directed beads of a height which essentially corresponds to the thickness of the annular cavity. The beads thus divide the annular cavity into several chambers, one of which is used for thermal insulation and the other of which is flowed through by cooling air entering and exiting through the ventilation openings. The beads thus divide the annular cavity into different functional areas. In addition, the beads can compensate for different thermal expansion of the carrier shell and the insulation shell, because they allow a certain axial movement of the regions of the insulation shell lying on both sides of the beads relative to one another. This function is particularly noteworthy where the support shell and the insulation shell are made different material is used. Stainless steel for the carrier shell and aluminized sheet metal for the insulation shell can be used as the preferred material pairing.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Katalysators sind Dichtschnüre zwischen den Sicken und der Trägerschale eingeklemmt, wodurch die unterschiedlichen Funktionsbereiche des ringförmigen Hohlraums optimal gegeneinander abgegrenzt werden. Zu diesem Zweck besitzen die Sicken einen geeignet geformten Querschnitt, der die Dichtschnur aufnimmt. Dadurch wird insbesondere auch die Reibung der beiden metallischen Schalen aneinander, beispielsweise bei Erschütterungen oder unterschiedlicher Wärmedehnung, verhindert.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the catalyst according to the invention, sealing cords are clamped between the beads and the carrier shell, as a result of which the different functional areas of the annular cavity are optimally delimited from one another. For this purpose, the beads have a suitably shaped cross section that receives the sealing cord. In particular, this also prevents the two metallic shells from rubbing against one another, for example in the event of vibrations or different thermal expansion.

Zur Erhöhung ihrer wärmeisolierenden Funktion können die entsprechenden durch Dichtungen oder Sicken bzw. eine Dichtung oder eine Sicke einerseits und die Verbindung zwischen der Trägerschale und der Isolationsschale andererseits abgetrennten nicht durchströmte Kammern des ringförmigen Hohlraumes mit einem wärmeisolierenden Material gefüllt sein.In order to increase their heat-insulating function, the corresponding chambers separated from the flow through the annular cavity and separated by seals or beads or a seal or a bead on the one hand and the connection between the carrier shell and the insulation shell can be filled with a heat-insulating material.

Je nach den Anforderungen an die Temperaturführung in dem Abgas vor, zwischen und nach den Keramikkörpern können einzelne oder sämtliche Kammern mit einem wärmeisolierenden Material gefüllt sein, welche außerhalb der die Keramikkörper tragenden Bereiche liegen. Auch kann in den unterschiedlichen Kammern, je nach Anforderung und Randbedingungen (Temperatur, zulässiger Wärmefluß), unterschiedliches wärmeisolierendes Material zum Einsatz kommen.Depending on the requirements for the temperature control in the exhaust gas before, between and after the ceramic bodies, individual or all of the chambers can be filled with a heat-insulating material which lie outside the areas that support the ceramic bodies. Depending on the requirements and boundary conditions (temperature, permissible heat flow), different heat-insulating materials can also be used in the different chambers.

Ein bedeutender Vorteil der Anordnung des wärmeisolierenden Materials außerhalb der Trägerschale besteht darin, daß es gegenüber Ausblasen durch den pulsierenden Abgasstrom vollkommen geschützt ist. Dieser Erfolg läßt sich bei innerhalb der Trägerschale angeordneten wärmeisolierenden Schichten nie erreichen, und eine Annäherung an diesen vorteilhaften Zustand ist nur mit hohem technischen Aufwand möglich.An important advantage of arranging the heat-insulating material outside the carrier shell is that it is completely protected against being blown out by the pulsating exhaust gas flow. This success can never be achieved with heat-insulating layers arranged inside the carrier shell, and it is only possible to approach this advantageous state with great technical effort.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskatalysators sind die Ventilationsöffnungen kiemenförmig ausgebildet, d.h. sie sind so geformt, daß sie bei den dem Kühllufteintritt dienenden Ventilationsöffnungen den vorbeistreichenden Fahrtwindstrom "einfangen" und/oder die - durch den vorbeistreichenden Fahrtwindstrom hervorgerufene - Absaugung der in dem ringförmigen Hohlraum enthaltenen Kühlluft durch die dem Kühlluftaustritt dienenden Ventilationsöffnungen bewirken. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die Zuführung der Kühlluft an die Trägerschale im Bereich der Lagerung des Keramikkörpers begünstigen. Durch eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung der kiemenförmigen Ventilationsöffnungen läßt sich auch die Kühlung über den gesamten Umfang der Trägerschale vergleichmäßigen, wodurch durch Temperaturgradienten hervorgerufene Spannungen vermindert werden. Die kiemenförmigen Ventilationsöffnungen können zusätzlich so gestaltet sein, daß sie der in den ringförmigen Hohlraum eintretenden Kühlluft einen Drall versetzen; die dadurch bewerkstelligte tangentiale Bewegung der Kühlluft in dem ringförmigen Hohlraum vergleichmäßig ebenfalls die Temperatur der Trägerschale längs ihres Umfanges. Zusätzlich läßt sich durch entsprechende Verwirbelung der gesamten Kühlluft der Wärmeübergang von der Trägerschale zur Kühlluft verbessern.In a preferred embodiment of the exhaust gas catalytic converter according to the invention, the ventilation openings are gill-shaped, that is to say they are shaped in such a way that they pass by the ventilation openings serving the cooling air inlet "Capture" the airstream flow and / or cause the cooling air contained in the annular cavity, which is caused by the airflow flowing past, to be extracted through the ventilation openings that serve to discharge the cooling air. In this way, the supply of the cooling air to the carrier shell in the area of the storage of the ceramic body can be favored. Appropriate design of the gill-shaped ventilation openings also makes it possible to even out the cooling over the entire circumference of the carrier shell, as a result of which stresses caused by temperature gradients are reduced. The gill-shaped ventilation openings can additionally be designed in such a way that they impart a swirl to the cooling air entering the annular cavity; the tangential movement of the cooling air in the annular cavity which is thereby achieved also compares the temperature of the carrier shell along its circumference. In addition, the heat transfer from the carrier shell to the cooling air can be improved by swirling the entire cooling air accordingly.

Um die Blähmatte vor einem möglichen Ausblasen durch den pulsierenden Abgasstrom zu schützen, besitzt eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskatalysators Abweisringe, welche in dem Trägergehäuse - in Strömungsrichtung gesehen - vor den Keramikkörpern angeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die Lebensdauer der Blähmatte und somit des Abgaskatalysators erhöhen.In order to protect the inflatable mat from possible blowing out by the pulsating exhaust gas flow, an advantageous embodiment of the invention has Exhaust gas catalytic converter deflector rings, which - as seen in the direction of flow - are arranged in front of the ceramic bodies in the carrier housing. In this way, the lifespan of the inflatable mat and thus the catalytic converter can be increased.

Im folgenden wird eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskatalysators anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, welche einen Axialschnitt durch einen Abgaskatalysator mit zwei Keramikkörpern zeigt.An embodiment of the exhaust gas catalytic converter according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which shows an axial section through an exhaust gas catalytic converter with two ceramic bodies.

Die axialdurchströmten Keramikkörper (1) sind über Blähmatten (2) in der Trägerschale (3) gelagert. Die Trägerschale ist längsgeteilt ausgebildet und besitzt eine obere Halbschale (3a) und eine untere Halbschale (3b). Der Abgaskatalysator wird in Richtung des Pfeiles (4) vom Abgaszuführstutzen (5) zum Abgasabführstutzen (6) durchströmt.The ceramic bodies (1) with axial flow are supported in the carrier shell (3) via inflatable mats (2). The carrier shell is longitudinally divided and has an upper half shell (3a) and a lower half shell (3b). The exhaust gas catalytic converter is flowed through in the direction of arrow (4) from the exhaust gas supply nozzle (5) to the exhaust gas discharge nozzle (6).

Benachbart dem Abgaszuführstutzen (5) und dem Abgasabführstutzen (6) besitzt die Trägerschale (3) Übergangskonen (7). Abweisringe (8) sind - in Strömungsrichtung (4) - vor den Keramikkörpern (1) in der Trägerschale (3) angeordnet.The carrier shell (3) has transition cones (7) adjacent to the exhaust gas supply connection piece (5) and the exhaust gas discharge connection piece (6). Deflection rings (8) are arranged in the direction of flow (4) in front of the ceramic bodies (1) in the carrier shell (3).

Die Trägerschale (3) ist von einer Isolationsschale (9) umgeben, welche mit jener nur im Bereich des Abgaszuführstutzen (5) und des Abgasabführstutzen (6) eine feste Verbindung (10) besitzt. Im übrigen sind die Isolationsschale (9) und die Trägerschale (3) mit einem - im wesentlichen gleichmäßigen - Abstand zueinander angeordnet, so daß ein ringförmiger Hohlraum (11) zwischen ihnen entsteht. In den Bereichen, in denen die Keramikkörper (1) in der Trägerschale (3) gelagert sind, ist die Isolationsschale mit Ventilationsöffnungen (12) versehen. Die Ventilationsöffnungen im Bereich des - in Durchflußrichtung (4) - ersten Keramikkörpers (1a) sind kiemenartig ausgebildet, so daß der Fahrtwindstrom (13) zwangsweise auf die Trägerschale (3) gerichtet wird und diese kühlt.The carrier shell (3) is surrounded by an insulation shell (9), which has a fixed connection (10) with that only in the area of the exhaust gas supply connection piece (5) and the exhaust gas discharge connection piece (6). In addition, the insulation shell (9) and the carrier shell (3) are arranged at an essentially uniform distance from one another, so that an annular cavity (11) is formed between them. In the areas in which the ceramic bodies (1) are mounted in the carrier shell (3), the insulation shell is provided with ventilation openings (12). The ventilation openings in the region of the - in the flow direction (4) - first ceramic body (1a) are designed like a gill, so that the wind flow (13) is forced onto the carrier shell (3) and cools it.

In der Ebene der Vorderkanten (14) und der Hinterkanten (15) der Blähmatten (2) besitzt die Isolationsschale (9) nach innen gerichtete, angenähert halbkreisförmige Sicken (16) mit einer Höhe, die im wesentlichen dem Abstand der Isolationsschale zur Trägerschale entspricht. Auf diese Weise wird der ringförmige Hohlraum (11) in insgesamt fünf Kammern unterteilt. Die der Wärmeisolierung dienenden Kammern im Bereich der Übergangskonen (7) und des Mittelteils (17) der Trägerschale (3) sind mit einem wärmeisolierenden Material (18) gefüllt. Auf diese Weise werden die Wärmeverluste vor und zwischen den Keramikkörpern (1) verringert, so daß die Anspringtemperatur des Katalysators rasch erreicht wird.In the plane of the front edges (14) and the rear edges (15) of the inflatable mats (2), the insulation shell (9) has inwardly directed, approximately semicircular beads (16) with a height which essentially corresponds to the distance between the insulation shell and the carrier shell. In this way, the annular cavity (11) in a total of five chambers divided. The chambers used for heat insulation in the area of the transition cones (7) and the central part (17) of the carrier shell (3) are filled with a heat-insulating material (18). In this way, the heat losses in front of and between the ceramic bodies (1) are reduced, so that the light-off temperature of the catalyst is reached quickly.

Die - in Richtung der Durchströmung des Katalysators - erste Sicke besitzt in ihrer Mitte eine ringförmige, radial nach außen gerichtete Ausnehmung (19), in welche eine Dichtschnur (20) eingelegt ist. Die Dichtschnur wird zwischen der Sicke (16) und der Trägerschale (3) eingeklemmt und trennt so die unterschiedlichen Funktionsbereiche des ringförmigen Hohlraums (11) wirksam gegeneinander ab.The first bead - in the direction of the flow through the catalyst - has in its center an annular, radially outwardly directed recess (19) into which a sealing cord (20) is inserted. The sealing cord is clamped between the bead (16) and the carrier shell (3) and thus effectively separates the different functional areas of the annular cavity (11) from one another.

Claims (12)

  1. Apparatus for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines with a metal support shell (3) with an exhaust gas supply connection (5) and exhaust gas discharge connection (6) located on the end faces, one or more catalytically active, monolithic ceramic members (1) being mounted resiliently in the support shell (3) and with an insulation shell (9), which surrounds the support shell (3) over its entire length, which solely adjacent to the exhaust gas supply connection (5) and the exhaust gas discharge connection (6) has secure connections (10) to the support shell (3), which between itself and the support shell moreover forms an annular cavity (11) and is provided with ventilation openings (12), characterized in that each ceramic member (1) is mounted within the support shell (3) by means of an inflatable mat (2) surrounding it, in that the ventilation openings of the insulation shell (9) are located in its sections associated with the mounting of the ceramic members in the support shell (3), and in that the annular cavity (11) is constructed outside the ventilated sections as chambers separated from these sections and through which there is no flow.
  2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that for separating the different regions of the annular cavity (11) from each other on both sides of the regions provided with the ventilation openings (12), the insulation shell (9) has inwardly directed beads (16) with a height which corresponds essentially to the thickness of the annular cavity (11).
  3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the annular cavity (11) is filled with a thermally insulating material (18) at least in the first chamber through which there is no flow and which is adjacent to the exhaust gas supply connection (5).
  4. Apparatus according to Claim 2 and Claim 3, characterized in that all the chambers of the annular cavity (11) defined by beads (16) or by beads and connections (10), which lie outside the regions of the support shell (3) supporting the ceramic members (1), are filled with a thermally insulating material (18).
  5. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ventilation openings (12) are constructed to be gill-shaped.
  6. Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterized in that the gill-shaped ventilation openings (12) are shaped so that they impart a spin with respect to the catalyzer axis to the cooling air stream entering the annular cavity (11).
  7. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support shell (3) and the insulation shell (9) are constructed from pairs of half shells.
  8. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the support housing (3) - seen in the direction of flow (4) - deflection rings (8) are located in front of the ceramic members (1).
  9. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sealing cord (20) is clamped at least between one bead (16) and the support shell (3).
  10. Apparatus according to Claim 9, characterized in that the beads (16) have annular recesses (19) directed radially outwards, in which recesses the sealing cords (20) are inserted.
  11. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the separation of the ventilated sections from the chambers of the annular cavity (11) through which there is no flow is achieved by sealing rings.
  12. Apparatus according to Claim 11, characterized in that the insulation shell comprises peripheral, outwardly directed beads, in which the sealing rings are inserted.
EP89118739A 1988-10-10 1989-10-09 Catalytic exhaust gas purification device for internal-combustion engines Expired - Lifetime EP0363878B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3834403 1988-10-10
DE3834403A DE3834403A1 (en) 1988-10-10 1988-10-10 DEVICE FOR THE CATALYTIC PURIFICATION OF EXHAUST GAS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES

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EP0363878A2 EP0363878A2 (en) 1990-04-18
EP0363878A3 EP0363878A3 (en) 1991-07-03
EP0363878B1 true EP0363878B1 (en) 1992-12-30

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DE102019126062A1 (en) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Catalyst housing and catalyst assembly

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DE102005017725A1 (en) 2005-04-15 2006-10-19 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Honeycomb body with double-jacket tube

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DE2301646A1 (en) * 1973-01-13 1974-08-01 Pforzheim Metallschlauch Catalyst vessel with catalyst support system - eliminating free play between catalyst and vessel independently of operating temp. for use in exhaust gas purificn. system
JPS5232019B2 (en) * 1973-01-13 1977-08-18
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DE102019126062A1 (en) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Catalyst housing and catalyst assembly

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DE3834403A1 (en) 1990-04-12
EP0363878A3 (en) 1991-07-03
EP0363878A2 (en) 1990-04-18
DE58903161D1 (en) 1993-02-11

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