EP0363763A1 - Liquid detergent - Google Patents

Liquid detergent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0363763A1
EP0363763A1 EP89118133A EP89118133A EP0363763A1 EP 0363763 A1 EP0363763 A1 EP 0363763A1 EP 89118133 A EP89118133 A EP 89118133A EP 89118133 A EP89118133 A EP 89118133A EP 0363763 A1 EP0363763 A1 EP 0363763A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detergent
detergent according
foam
soap
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP89118133A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz-Manfred Wilsberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0363763A1 publication Critical patent/EP0363763A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C11D10/045—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on non-ionic surface-active compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/42—Amino alcohols or amino ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

  • Detergents that are used for washing in automatic washing machines must be set in the foam behavior so that there is no foaming of the machine during the washing process and the foam is rinsed out of the textiles sufficiently well when rinsing.
  • the foam behavior can be adjusted to the desired level with the help of soaps.
  • soaps In the case of liquid detergents, however, this has the disadvantage that, with an increasing proportion of soap, the viscosity also rises far beyond the desired level.
  • solvents such as.
  • ethanol or propylene glycol or hydrotropic substances to use which is associated with the disadvantage of a lowering of the flash point in the case of the addition of flammable solvents.
  • Another way of dampening the foam is to use silicone or wax defoamers. With these types of defoamers, the foam can be adjusted to almost any level during the washing process, but the foam is difficult to rinse out.
  • a liquid detergent with the desired foam properties contains a combination of soap and silicones as foam regulators.
  • Detergents composed according to the invention not only have the required moderate foaming during machine washing and the strong foaming during hand washing, but the foam formed can be easily rinsed out with water both during machine washing and hand washing in the subsequent rinsing processes.
  • the amounts of solvent required for any viscosity correction that may be required are much smaller than without the use of the foam regulators according to the invention; in many cases, no solvents are required at all.
  • the combination of soap and silicones according to the invention as a foam regulator for the liquid detergents of the present patent application allows the desired foaming behavior to be set with much less soap than is normally required for the foam regulators in the prior art.
  • the desired foaming behavior is achieved by a weight ratio of soap to silicone in the range from 100: 1 to 2: 1, in particular in the range from 15: 1 to 8: 1.
  • the soaps used for foam regulation are preferably potassium, monoethanolamine or triethanolamine salts, and in particular sodium salts of fatty acids with 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the fatty acids can be synthetic or natural in origin and can be both saturated and unsaturated.
  • a particularly suitable soap is, for example, the sodium salt of a fatty acid mixture with 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the silicones used for foam regulation are emulsified organopolysiloxanes, which in a mixture with 1 to 10 percent by weight, based on the silicone, a finely divided, preferably silanized silica and an emulsifier, which results in a homogeneous distribution of the organopolysiloxane in water or in the water-containing mixture of the other detergent components.
  • Dimethylpolysiloxanes which are present in a mixture with silanized silica and nonionic emulsifiers are particularly useful.
  • Suitable emulsifiers are, for example, polyglycol ethers which are substituted by longer-chain alcohols, alkylphenols, fatty acids and fatty acid amides.
  • High molecular weight unsubstituted polyglycol ethers as well as block polymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol and mixtures of the aforementioned emulsifiers are also suitable.
  • the mixtures of dimethylpolysiloxane, silica and emulsifier are commercially available as ready-made products.
  • the combination of soap and silicone used as a foam regulator is present in the detergent in a concentration of 0.5 to 10 percent by weight, preferably 1 to 5 percent by weight, the proportion of soap in the detergent being approximately 0.5 to 5 and in particular 1 to 2 Weight percent of the detergent.
  • a particularly suitable alkyl ether sulfate is derived from a C12 - C14 fatty alcohol to which 2 or 3 moles of ethylene oxide are attached. The alkyl benzene sulfonate sodium or the alkyl ether sulfate sodium can be replaced in whole or in part by alkyl sulfate sodium.
  • the detergent according to the invention contains addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols or oxo alcohols as nonionic surfactants.
  • a detergent according to the invention with valuable properties contains, for example, as a nonionic surfactant a C13 - C15 oxo alcohol, to which 7 moles of ethylene oxide have been added.
  • the laundry detergent according to the invention additionally contains a condensation product of a natural fat and a hydroxyalkyl polyamine as textile softener, as is known from German patent application DE-A-19 22 046.
  • a condensation product which is derived from hydrogenated beef tallow and which has been condensed with hydroxyethylethylenediamine in a molar ratio of 1: 1 has particularly good softening properties.
  • the preferred liquid detergent according to the invention contains such a condensation product in concentrations of 0.2 to 10 percent by weight.
  • Alkanols or alkanediols having 2 or 3 carbon atoms are particularly suitable as solvents.
  • Hydrotropic substances in particular toluenesulfonate, cumene sulfonate or urea, can also be used.
  • the amount of solvent and hydrotropic substances in preferred detergents according to the invention is in the range from 0.5 to 15% by weight. If ethanol and propanediols are used together, the quantitative ratio of ethanol to propanediol is in the range from 2: 1 to 1: 6.
  • the detergents according to the invention can also contain conventional constituents of liquid detergents, for example ene contain enzymes, preservatives, fragrances, dyes and water.
  • Organic or inorganic builder substances and color inhibitors can also be present in the detergents according to the invention.
  • the detergents according to the invention have, for example, a viscosity in the range from 400 to 1,500 mPas at 20 ° C. and have excellent detergency. By varying the foam regulator combination, the foam behavior can be set almost anywhere within wide limits.
  • the detergent ingredients are also inexpensive and available in large quantities. If desired, addition of opacifiers is also possible without impairing the detergent properties. If desired, it is also possible to produce products according to the invention with a lower viscosity, for example 200 mPas, or with a higher viscosity, for example 3000 mPas, which have the advantage of a low solvent content.
  • Table 1 Composition (% by weight) 1 2nd 3rd 4th Alkylbenzenesulfonate Na 12 12 12 12 C 12/14 fatty alcohol ether sulfate Na + 2 moles of ethylene oxide 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd C 13/15 oxo alcohol + 7 moles of ethylene oxide 5 5 5 5 C 12/18 fatty acid mixture - - 15 2nd Sodium hydroxide - - 4.5 0.6 Silicone defoamer - 1.5 - 1.5 Ethylene glycol stearate 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
  • the detergents had the viscosity listed in Table 2, measured up to 20 ° C in a Brookfield viscometer with spindle 3 at 20 revolutions per minute: Table 2 viscosity mPas Detergent 1 470 Detergent 2 520 Detergent 3 2250 Detergent 4 610
  • the values for the viscosity and the foam height show that only the detergent 4 according to the invention has a low viscosity and low foam formation during washing and rinsing.
  • the foam behavior is satisfactory, but the viscosity is too high due to the high soap content.
  • the detergents 1 and 2 have a low viscosity.
  • detergent 1 foams too much during washing and the foam cannot be rinsed out. If a silicone defoamer is added as with detergent 2, the foam can be rinsed out well, but the foam formation is too strong during washing.
  • the detergent 4 according to the invention provided the foam formation expected by the consumer.

Abstract

The foaming behaviour of liquid detergents containing non-ionic and ionic tensides can be regulated by a combination of foam-regulating soaps and silicons, the soap content being preferably higher than the silicon content.

Description

Waschmittel, die zum Waschen in automatischen Waschmaschinen ver­wendet werden, müssen im Schaumverhalten so eingestellt werden, daß es während des Waschprozesses nicht zum Überschäumen der Maschine kommt und der Schaum beim Spülen auch wieder ausreichend gut aus den Textilien ausgespült wird. Sowohl bei pulverförmigen als auch flüssigen Waschmitteln läßt sich das Schaumverhalten mit Hilfe von Seifen auf das gewünschte Niveau einstellen. Bei flüs­sigen Waschmitteln hat dies allerdings den Nachteil, daß mit zunehmendem Seifenanteil auch die Viskosität weit über das gewünschte Maß hinaus ansteigt. Um die Viskosität dann wieder auf den gewünschten Wert zu reduzieren, ist es in der Regel notwendig, Lösungsmittel, wie z. B. Ethanol oder Propylenglykol oder hydro­trope Substanzen, einzusetzen, was für den Fall eines Zusatzes brennbarer Lösungsmittel mit dem Nachteil einer Flammpunkter­niedrigung verbunden ist.Detergents that are used for washing in automatic washing machines must be set in the foam behavior so that there is no foaming of the machine during the washing process and the foam is rinsed out of the textiles sufficiently well when rinsing. With both powdered and liquid detergents, the foam behavior can be adjusted to the desired level with the help of soaps. In the case of liquid detergents, however, this has the disadvantage that, with an increasing proportion of soap, the viscosity also rises far beyond the desired level. In order to then reduce the viscosity back to the desired value, it is usually necessary to use solvents such as. As ethanol or propylene glycol or hydrotropic substances to use, which is associated with the disadvantage of a lowering of the flash point in the case of the addition of flammable solvents.

Eine andere Möglichkeit der Schaumdämpfung besteht in der Ver­wendung von Silikon- oder Praffinentschäumern. Mit diesen Ent­schäumertypen läßt sich zwar der Schaum während des Waschprozesses auf ein nahezu beliebiges Niveau einstellen, aber der Schaum läßt sich schlecht ausspülen.Another way of dampening the foam is to use silicone or wax defoamers. With these types of defoamers, the foam can be adjusted to almost any level during the washing process, but the foam is difficult to rinse out.

Es wurde nun überraschenderweise gefunden, daß ein flüssiges Waschmittel mit den gewünschten Schaumeigenschaften als Schaum­regulatoren eine Kombination aus Seife und Silikonen enthält. Er­findungsgemäß zusammengesetzte Waschmittel weisen nicht nur die erforderliche mäßige Schaumentwicklung bei der Maschinenwäsche und die kräftige Schaumentwicklung bei der Handwäsche auf, sondern der gebildete Schaum läßt sich sowohl bei der Maschinenwäsche als auch bei der Handwäsche in den sich anschließenden Spülvorgängen mit Wasser leicht herausspülen. Die zu einer eventuell erforderlichen Viskositätskorrektur erforderlichen Lösungsmittelmengen sind viel geringer als ohne Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Schaumregulatoren; in vielen Fällen werden überhaupt keine Lösungsmittel benötigt. Die erfindungsgemäße Kombination von Seife und Silikonen als Schaumregulator für die Flüssigwaschmittel der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung gestattet es, das gewünschte Schaumverhalten mit sehr viel weniger Seife einzustellen als normalerweise bei den Waschmitteln des Standes der Technik für die Schaumregulierung erforderlich ist. Das gewünschte Schaumverhalten wird durch ein Gewichtsverhältnis von Seife zu Silikon im Bereich von 100 : 1 bis 2 : 1, insbesondere im Bereich von 15 : 1 bis 8 : 1 erreicht. Die zur Schaumregulierung verwendete Seifen sind vorzugsweise Kalium-, Monoethanolamin- oder Triethanolaminsalze, und insbesondere Na­triumsalze von Fettsäuren mit 10 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen. Die Fettsäuren können synthetischen oder natürlichen Ursprungs sein und sowohl gesättigt als auch ungesättigt sein. Eine besonders gut geeignete Seife ist beispielsweise das Natriumsalz eines Fettsäu­regemisches mit 12 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen.It has now surprisingly been found that a liquid detergent with the desired foam properties contains a combination of soap and silicones as foam regulators. Detergents composed according to the invention not only have the required moderate foaming during machine washing and the strong foaming during hand washing, but the foam formed can be easily rinsed out with water both during machine washing and hand washing in the subsequent rinsing processes. The amounts of solvent required for any viscosity correction that may be required are much smaller than without the use of the foam regulators according to the invention; in many cases, no solvents are required at all. The combination of soap and silicones according to the invention as a foam regulator for the liquid detergents of the present patent application allows the desired foaming behavior to be set with much less soap than is normally required for the foam regulators in the prior art. The desired foaming behavior is achieved by a weight ratio of soap to silicone in the range from 100: 1 to 2: 1, in particular in the range from 15: 1 to 8: 1. The soaps used for foam regulation are preferably potassium, monoethanolamine or triethanolamine salts, and in particular sodium salts of fatty acids with 10 to 20 carbon atoms. The fatty acids can be synthetic or natural in origin and can be both saturated and unsaturated. A particularly suitable soap is, for example, the sodium salt of a fatty acid mixture with 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Die zur Schaumregulierung verwendeten Silikone sind emulgierte Organopolysiloxane, die im Gemisch mit 1 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf das Silikon, einer feinteiligen, vorzugsweise sila­nierten Kieselsäure sowie einem Emulgiermittel vorliegen, womit eine homogene Verteilung des Organopolysiloxans in Wasser bezie­hungsweise im wasserhaltigen Gemisch der übrigen Waschmittelbe­standteile bewirkt wird. Brauchbar sind insbesondere Dimethylpo­lysiloxane, die im Gemisch mit silanierter Kieselsäure und nicht­ionogenen Emulgatoren vorliegen. Geeignete Emulgatoren sind zum Beispiel Polyglykolether, die durch längerkettige Alkohole, Alkyl­phenole, Fettsäuren und Fettsäureamide substituiert sind. Auch höhermolekulare unsubstituierte Polyglykolether sowie Blockpoly­mere aus Polyethylenglykol und Polypropylenglykol und Gemische der vorgenannten Emulgatoren sind geeignet. Im allgemeinen sind die Gemische aus Dimethylpolysiloxan, Kieselsäure und Emulgator als bereits fertig konfektionierte Produkte im Handel.The silicones used for foam regulation are emulsified organopolysiloxanes, which in a mixture with 1 to 10 percent by weight, based on the silicone, a finely divided, preferably silanized silica and an emulsifier, which results in a homogeneous distribution of the organopolysiloxane in water or in the water-containing mixture of the other detergent components. Dimethylpolysiloxanes which are present in a mixture with silanized silica and nonionic emulsifiers are particularly useful. Suitable emulsifiers are, for example, polyglycol ethers which are substituted by longer-chain alcohols, alkylphenols, fatty acids and fatty acid amides. High molecular weight unsubstituted polyglycol ethers as well as block polymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol and mixtures of the aforementioned emulsifiers are also suitable. In general, the mixtures of dimethylpolysiloxane, silica and emulsifier are commercially available as ready-made products.

Die als Schaumregulator verwendete Kombination aus Seife und Si­likon liegt in dem Waschmittel in einer Konzentration von 0,5 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent vor, wobei der Anteil der Seife im Waschmittel etwa 0,5 bis 5 und ins­besondere 1 bis 2 Gewichtsprozent des Waschmittels ausmacht.The combination of soap and silicone used as a foam regulator is present in the detergent in a concentration of 0.5 to 10 percent by weight, preferably 1 to 5 percent by weight, the proportion of soap in the detergent being approximately 0.5 to 5 and in particular 1 to 2 Weight percent of the detergent.

Wichtig für die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Waschmittels ist auch das Verhältnis von anionischem Tensid zu nichtionischem Tensid, das bei den erfindunsgemäßen Waschmitteln im Gewichtver­hältnis von 5 : 1 bis 1 : 5, insbesondere 4 : 1 bis 2 : 1 vor­liegt. Besonders gute Eigenschaften weist ein Waschmittel auf, das als anionisches Tensid ein Gemisch aus Alkylbenzolsulfonat-Natrium und Alkylethersulfat-Natrium oder Alkylsulfat-Natrium insbesondere im Gewichtsverhältnis von 8 : 1 bis 4 : 1 enthält. Ein besonders gut geeignetes Alkylethersulfat leitet sich von einem C₁₂ - C₁₄-­Fettalkohol, an den 2 oder 3 Mol Ethylenoxid angelagert sind, ab. Das Alkylbenzolsulfonat-Natrium oder das Alkylethersulfat-Natrium können ganz oder teilweise durch Alkylsulfat-Natrium ersetzt sein.Also important for the properties of the detergent according to the invention is the ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant, which is present in the detergent composition according to the invention in a weight ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 5, in particular 4: 1 to 2: 1. A detergent which contains, as an anionic surfactant, a mixture of alkylbenzenesulfonate sodium and alkyl ether sulfate sodium or alkyl sulfate sodium, in particular in a weight ratio of 8: 1 to 4: 1, has particularly good properties. A particularly suitable alkyl ether sulfate is derived from a C₁₂ - C₁₄ fatty alcohol to which 2 or 3 moles of ethylene oxide are attached. The alkyl benzene sulfonate sodium or the alkyl ether sulfate sodium can be replaced in whole or in part by alkyl sulfate sodium.

Das erfindungsgemäße Waschmittel enthält als nichtionische Tenside Anlagerungsprodukte von Ethylenoxid und/oder Propylenoxid an Fett­alkohole oder Oxoalkohole. Ein erfindungsgemäßes Waschmittel mit wertvollen Eigenschaften enthält beispielweise als nichtionisches Tensid einen C₁₃ - C₁₅-Oxoalkohol, an den 7 Mol Ethylenoxid ange­lagert wurden.The detergent according to the invention contains addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols or oxo alcohols as nonionic surfactants. A detergent according to the invention with valuable properties contains, for example, as a nonionic surfactant a C₁₃ - C₁₅ oxo alcohol, to which 7 moles of ethylene oxide have been added.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das erfindungsgemäße Waschmittel als Textilweichmacher zusätzlich ein Kondensations­produkt aus einem natürlichen Fett und einem Hydroxyalkylpolyamin, wie es aus der Deutschen Patentanmeldung DE-A-19 22 046 bekannt ist. Besonders gute weichmachende Eigenschaften hat dabei ein Kon­densationsprodukt, das sich von hydriertem Rindertalg ableitet und mit Hydroxyethylethylendiamin im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 kondensiert wurde. Das erfindungsgemäße bevorzugte flüssige Waschmittel ent­hält ein derartiges Kondensationsprodukt in Konzentrationen von 0,2 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent.In a preferred embodiment, the laundry detergent according to the invention additionally contains a condensation product of a natural fat and a hydroxyalkyl polyamine as textile softener, as is known from German patent application DE-A-19 22 046. A condensation product which is derived from hydrogenated beef tallow and which has been condensed with hydroxyethylethylenediamine in a molar ratio of 1: 1 has particularly good softening properties. The preferred liquid detergent according to the invention contains such a condensation product in concentrations of 0.2 to 10 percent by weight.

Als Lösungsmittel kommen vor allem Alkanole oder Alkandiole mit 2 oder 3 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere Ethanol, Isopropylalkohol und Propandiole oder Glycerin infrage. Außerdem können hydrotrope Substanzen, insbesondere Toluolsulfonat, Cumolsulfonat oder Harn­stoff eingesetzt werden. Die Menge an Lösungsmittel und hydro­tropen Substanzen in bevorzugten erfindungsgemäßen Waschmitteln liegt im Bereich von 0,5 bis 15 Gew.-%. Falls Ethanol und Pro­pandiole gemeinsam verwendet werden, liegt das Mengenverhältnis von Ethanol zu Propandiol im Bereich von 2 : 1 bis 1 : 6.Alkanols or alkanediols having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, in particular ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and propanediols or glycerol, are particularly suitable as solvents. Hydrotropic substances, in particular toluenesulfonate, cumene sulfonate or urea, can also be used. The amount of solvent and hydrotropic substances in preferred detergents according to the invention is in the range from 0.5 to 15% by weight. If ethanol and propanediols are used together, the quantitative ratio of ethanol to propanediol is in the range from 2: 1 to 1: 6.

Zusätzlich können die erfindungsgemäßen Waschmittel noch übliche Bestandteile von Flüssigwaschmitteln enthalten, beispielweise En­ zyme, Konservierungsstoffe, Duftstoffe, Farbstoffe sowie Wasser enthalten. Auch organische oder anorganische Buildersubstanzen und Farbinhibitoren können in den erfindungsgemäßen Waschmitteln ent­halten sein.In addition, the detergents according to the invention can also contain conventional constituents of liquid detergents, for example ene contain enzymes, preservatives, fragrances, dyes and water. Organic or inorganic builder substances and color inhibitors can also be present in the detergents according to the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Waschmittel weisen beispielsweise eine Viskosität im Bereich von 400 bis 1 500 mPas bei 20 °C auf und haben ausgezeichnete Waschkraft. Durch Variation der Schaum­regulator-Kombination läßt sich das Schaumverhalten in weiten Grenzen nahezu beliebig einstellen. Die Waschmittelbestandteile sind zudem preiswert und in großer Menge verfügbar. Gewünschten­falls ist auch der Zusatz von Trübungsmitteln ohne Beeinträchti­gung der Waschmitteleigenschaften möglich. Gewünschtenfalls können auch erfindungsgemäße Produkte mit niedrigerer Viskosität, bei­spielsweise 200 mPas, oder mit höherer Viskosität, beispielsweise 3000 mPas hergestellt werden, die den Vorteil eines geringen Lö­sungsmittelanteils haben.The detergents according to the invention have, for example, a viscosity in the range from 400 to 1,500 mPas at 20 ° C. and have excellent detergency. By varying the foam regulator combination, the foam behavior can be set almost anywhere within wide limits. The detergent ingredients are also inexpensive and available in large quantities. If desired, addition of opacifiers is also possible without impairing the detergent properties. If desired, it is also possible to produce products according to the invention with a lower viscosity, for example 200 mPas, or with a higher viscosity, for example 3000 mPas, which have the advantage of a low solvent content.

BeispieleExamples

Es wurden drei Flüssigwaschmittel nach dem Stand der Technik (Beispiele 1 bis 3) und ein erfindungsgemäßes Waschmittel (Beispiel 4) der folgenden Zusammensetzung hergestellt (Tabelle 1): Tabelle 1 Zusammensetzung (Gew.-%) 1 2 3 4 Alkylbenzolsulfonat-Na 12 12 12 12 C12/14-Fettalkoholethersulfat-Na + 2 Mol Ethylenoxid 2 2 2 2 C13/15-Oxoalkohol + 7 Mol Ethylenoxid 5 5 5 5 C12/18-Fettsäuregemisch - - 15 2 Natriumhydroxid - - 4,5 0,6 Silikonentschäumer - 1,5 - 1,5 Ethylenglykolstearat 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 Konservierungsmittel, Duftstoff, Farbstoff geringe Mengen Wasser Rest Three liquid detergents according to the prior art (Examples 1 to 3) and a detergent according to the invention (Example 4) of the following composition were prepared (Table 1): Table 1 Composition (% by weight) 1 2nd 3rd 4th Alkylbenzenesulfonate Na 12 12 12 12 C 12/14 fatty alcohol ether sulfate Na + 2 moles of ethylene oxide 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd C 13/15 oxo alcohol + 7 moles of ethylene oxide 5 5 5 5 C 12/18 fatty acid mixture - - 15 2nd Sodium hydroxide - - 4.5 0.6 Silicone defoamer - 1.5 - 1.5 Ethylene glycol stearate 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Preservative, fragrance, dye small quantities water rest

Die Waschmittel hatten die in Tabelle 2 aufgeführte Viskosität, gemessen bis 20 °C im Brookfield-Viskosimeter mit Spindel 3 bei 20 Umdrehungen pro Minute: Tabelle 2 Viskosität mPas Waschmittel 1 470 Waschmittel 2 520 Waschmittel 3 2250 Waschmittel 4 610 The detergents had the viscosity listed in Table 2, measured up to 20 ° C in a Brookfield viscometer with spindle 3 at 20 revolutions per minute: Table 2 viscosity mPas Detergent 1 470 Detergent 2 520 Detergent 3 2250 Detergent 4 610

Mit diesen Waschmitteln wurde in einer automatischen Trommelwasch­maschine (Typ Miele W 717) 1 kg saubere Füllwäsche bei 40 °C (Programm: Feinwäsche) mit 24 Liter Wasser einer Härte von 16 °d gewaschen und die Schaumhöhe am Bullauge der Waschmaschine nach 15 Minuten und beim 3. Spülgang gemessen. Dabei bedeuten die Werte
1 = keine Schaumbildung
2 = Schaum bis zu 1/2 Bullaugenhöhe
3 = Schaum bis zu 3/4 Bullaugenhöhe
4 = Schaum bis zu 4/4 Bullaugenhöhe
5 = Waschtrommel voll Schaum
6 = ÜberschäumenThese detergents were used in an automatic drum washing machine (type Miele W 717) to wash 1 kg of clean laundry at 40 ° C (program: delicates) with 24 liters of water with a hardness of 16 ° d and the foam height at the porthole of the washing machine after 15 minutes and at 3rd rinse measured. The values mean
1 = no foaming
2 = foam up to 1/2 porthole height
3 = foam up to 3/4 porthole height
4 = foam up to 4/4 porthole height
5 = washing drum full of foam
6 = overflowing

Die Werte für die Schaumbildung sind in Tabelle 3 aufgeführt: Tabelle 3 Waschmittel Schaumhöhe 15 Minuten Waschen 3. Spülgang 1 6 5 2 5 2 3 4,75 1 4 3,25 1,75 The values for foam formation are listed in Table 3: Table 3 laundry detergent Foam height Wash for 15 minutes 3rd rinse cycle 1 6 5 2nd 5 2nd 3rd 4.75 1 4th 3.25 1.75

Den Werten für die Viskosität und die Schaumhöhe ist zu entnehmen, daß nur das erfindungsgemäße Waschmittel 4 eine niedrige Vis­kosität und eine geringe Schaumbildung beim Waschen und Spülen aufweist. Für das Waschmittel 3 ist das Schaumverhalten zwar zufriedenstellend, aber die Viskosität ist aufgrund des hohen Seifenanteils zu hoch. Man kann die Viskosität durch Zugabe von beispielsweise Ethanol zwar verringern, hat dann aber Probleme mit dem Flammpunkt. Die Waschmittel 1 und 2 haben zwar eine geringe Viskosität. Wegen des Fehlens von Schaumregulatoren schäumt Waschmittel 1 aber beim Waschen zu stark, und der Schaum läßt sich nicht ausspülen. Setzt man wie beim Waschmittel 2 einen Silikon­entschäumer zu, ist die Ausspülbarkeit des Schaums zwar gut, aber beim Waschen ist die Schaumbildung zu stark. Bei der Handwäsche lieferte das erfindungsgemäße Waschmittel 4 die vom Verbraucher erwartete Schaumbildung.The values for the viscosity and the foam height show that only the detergent 4 according to the invention has a low viscosity and low foam formation during washing and rinsing. For detergent 3, the foam behavior is satisfactory, but the viscosity is too high due to the high soap content. You can reduce the viscosity by adding ethanol, for example, but then you have problems with the flash point. The detergents 1 and 2 have a low viscosity. However, due to the lack of foam regulators, detergent 1 foams too much during washing and the foam cannot be rinsed out. If a silicone defoamer is added as with detergent 2, the foam can be rinsed out well, but the foam formation is too strong during washing. In the case of hand washing, the detergent 4 according to the invention provided the foam formation expected by the consumer.

Claims (11)

1. Flüssiges Waschmittel, enthaltend anionische und nichtioni­sche Tenside sowie Schaumregulatoren und gegebenenfalls son­stige übliche Waschmittelbestandteile, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß es als Schaumregulator eine Kombination aus Seife und Silikonen enthält.1. Liquid detergent containing anionic and nonionic surfactants and foam regulators and, if appropriate, other conventional detergent ingredients, characterized in that it contains a combination of soap and silicones as a foam regulator. 2. Waschmittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewichtsverhältnis von Seife zu Silikon 100 : 1 bis 2 : 1, insbesondere 20 : 1 bis 5 : 1 beträgt.2. Detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio of soap to silicone is 100: 1 to 2: 1, in particular 20: 1 to 5: 1. 3. Waschmittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seife ein Kalium-,Monoethanolamin- oder Triethanol­amin-Salz, und insbesondere ein Natriumsalz, von Fettsäuren mit 10 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen ist.3. Detergent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the soap is a potassium, monoethanolamine or triethanolamine salt, and in particular a sodium salt, of fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms. 4. Waschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Silikone emulgierte Organopolysiloxane sind.4. Detergent according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the silicones are emulsified organopolysiloxanes. 5. Waschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das Waschmittel 0,5 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent Schaumregulatoren ent­hält.5. Detergent according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the detergent contains 0.5 to 10 weight percent, preferably 1 to 5 weight percent foam regulators. 6. Waschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das Waschmittel anionisches Tensid und nicht­ionisches Tensid im Gewichtsverhältnis 5 : 1 bis 1 : 5 ent­hält.6. Detergent according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the detergent contains anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant in a weight ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 5. 7. Waschmittel nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es anionisches und nichtionisches Tensid im Verhältnis 4 : 1 bis 2 : 1 enthält.7. Detergent according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains anionic and nonionic surfactant in a ratio of 4: 1 to 2: 1. 8. Waschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das anionische Tensid ein Gemisch aus Alkylben­zolsulfonat-Natrium und Alkylethersulfat-Natrium oder Alkyl­sulfat-Natrium, insbesondere im Gewichtsverhältnis von 8 : 1 bis 4 : 1 ist.8. Detergent according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the anionic surfactant is a mixture of alkylbenzenesulfonate sodium and alkyl ether sulfate sodium or alkyl sulfate sodium, in particular in a weight ratio of 8: 1 to 4: 1. 9. Waschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß es zusätzlich ein Kondensationsprodukt aus ei­nem natürlichen Fett und einem Hydroxyalkylpolyamin, insbe­sondere in Mengen von 0,2 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent, enthält.9. Detergent according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it additionally contains a condensation product of a natural fat and a hydroxyalkyl polyamine, in particular in amounts of 0.2 to 10 percent by weight. 10. Waschmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Alkanole und/oder Alkandiole oder -triole sowie hydrotrope Substanzen in Konzentrationen von 0,5 bis 15 Gew.-% enthält.10. Detergent according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it contains alkanols and / or alkane diols or triols and hydrotropic substances in concentrations of 0.5 to 15 wt .-%. 11. Waschmittel nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Ethanol und Propandiole im Gewichtsverhältnis von 2 : 1 bis 1 : 6 enthält.11. Detergent according to claim 10, characterized in that it contains ethanol and propanediols in a weight ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 6.
EP89118133A 1988-10-07 1989-09-29 Liquid detergent Pending EP0363763A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3834181A DE3834181A1 (en) 1988-10-07 1988-10-07 LIQUID DETERGENT
DE3834181 1988-10-07

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010107635A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of industrial or institutional laundry for a polyester load

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MA22617A1 (en) * 1991-08-14 1993-04-01 Procter & Gamble DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS FOR HARD SURFACES.
EP0544944A1 (en) * 1991-12-03 1993-06-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Rinse-active foam control particles
AUPP108197A0 (en) * 1997-12-22 1998-01-22 Dow Corning Australia Pty Ltd Stable emulsions
US6004918A (en) * 1998-10-16 1999-12-21 Wacker Silicones Corporation Liquid detergents containing defoamer compositions and defoamer compositions suitable for use therein

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2328041A1 (en) * 1975-10-14 1977-05-13 Procter & Gamble CONCENTRATED AND LOW-FOAMING LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
EP0081908A1 (en) * 1981-11-13 1983-06-22 Unilever Plc Low foaming liquid detergent compositions
EP0211589A2 (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions
EP0241073A2 (en) * 1986-03-31 1987-10-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid detergents containing anionic surfactant, succinate builder and fatty acid

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2328041A1 (en) * 1975-10-14 1977-05-13 Procter & Gamble CONCENTRATED AND LOW-FOAMING LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
EP0081908A1 (en) * 1981-11-13 1983-06-22 Unilever Plc Low foaming liquid detergent compositions
EP0211589A2 (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions
EP0241073A2 (en) * 1986-03-31 1987-10-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid detergents containing anionic surfactant, succinate builder and fatty acid

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010107635A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of industrial or institutional laundry for a polyester load

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DE3834181A1 (en) 1990-04-12
ES2036057T3 (en) 1993-05-01
DK60991A (en) 1991-04-05
EP0437490B1 (en) 1992-10-28
WO1990004014A1 (en) 1990-04-19
DK60991D0 (en) 1991-04-05
EP0437490A1 (en) 1991-07-24
DE58902577D1 (en) 1992-12-03

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