EP0363530A1 - Respirateur - Google Patents

Respirateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0363530A1
EP0363530A1 EP19880309448 EP88309448A EP0363530A1 EP 0363530 A1 EP0363530 A1 EP 0363530A1 EP 19880309448 EP19880309448 EP 19880309448 EP 88309448 A EP88309448 A EP 88309448A EP 0363530 A1 EP0363530 A1 EP 0363530A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
cowl
respirator
interior
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP19880309448
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alfred Harold Baker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cam Lock UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Cam Lock UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cam Lock UK Ltd filed Critical Cam Lock UK Ltd
Publication of EP0363530A1 publication Critical patent/EP0363530A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a respirator and more particularly, but not exclusively, to a respirator for protecting aircrew against nuclear, biological or chemical agents (NBC).
  • NBC nuclear, biological or chemical agents
  • respirators For such respirators to be acceptable for aircrew, they must not only be capable of fulfilling their function at ground level but they must also enable the pilot to be able to continue to breathe over the range of cabin altitudes when he is flying . If this is under 40,000 feet, then he will normally be breathing a mixture supplied at a low pressure of about 1 1/2"-2" water gauge and no increase in that supply pressure is needed for him to survive a decompression. However, if he is flying at an altitude over 40,000 feet, then his breathable mixture may have to be supplied at a much greater pressure dependant on the altitude he is at. In some cases this pressure could be as much as 17" water gauge.
  • respirators Another serious problem with known respirators is that complicated means have to be provided to prevent the visor misting up. This has been done in the past by diverting some of the oxygen supplied directly into the face mask and directing it against the visor. The main problem with this system is that it uses valuable oxygen which could otherwise be breathed to de-mist the visor and thus is undesirable bearing in mind that the aircraft has a limited supply of oxygen on board.
  • Another problem with this prior art system is that it constantly blows air onto the visor which makes it very difficult for the pilot to carry out a face mask seal test as air is blowing in his face all the time from the top of the face mask, which is exactly the place where he normally feels air escaping if the face mask is not sealing properly.
  • a respirator comprising a cowl impervious to NBC agents shaped to enclose a wearer's head and neck, the cowl having a transparent viewing window therein and an inlet for admitting a breathable mixture to the interior of the cowl, said inlet being constructed to direct all or the major proportion of said supplied breathable mixture to the interior of the cowl so that it flows past the window, a face mask inside the cowl which is shaped to fit over a wearer's nose and mouth and make a seal with the wearer's face when held in position thereon by retaining means, the mask having at least one normally closed inhalatory valve therein, and an outlet therefrom leading to the exterior of the cowl incorporating at least one normally closed expiratory valve therein, the arrangement being such that, in use, at least the major proportion of the breathable mixture is supplied to the interior of the cowl past the interior of the window to de-mist it, said breathable mixture in the cowl then being admitted to the interior of the face mask through the or
  • the inlet is constructed to direct all the supplied mixture to the interior of the cowl, the inlet having one or more outlet openings adjacent the window to direct a flow of said supplied breathable mixture over the interior of the window for demisting purposes.
  • the outlet preferably has two expiratory valves in it, a dead space being provided between the two valves.
  • one or both of said expiratory valves is a flap valve but other types of valve could be used.
  • the invention further provides a respirator whose inlet is constructed to direct the major portion of the supplied breathable mixture fed to the interior of the cowl past the window, the inlet also having a smaller bore duct leading from it which communicates with the interior of the face mask via a secondary inlet with a normally closed secondary inhalatory valve therein.
  • the secondary inhalatory valve is smaller than the or each inhalatory valve in the face mask whereby, in normal use, the or each of said inhalatory valves opens in preference to said secondary inhalatory valve on inhalation by the wearer.
  • the inlet is closed downstream of the smaller bore duct by a hood inlet valve responsive to changes in external pressure or increases in delivery pressure, said valve being normally open to permit flow of the breathable mixture to the interior of the cowl, but being operable to close on sensing a substantial drop in the external pressure or increase in delivery pressure, the hood inlet valve including a sealing member which seals against a seat, said sealing member having a calibrated hole therein to permit limited flow therethrough, when the valve is closed, to supply the window in the cowl with a limited flow of said breathable mixture sufficient for demisting purposes.
  • the hood inlet valve can be of any convenient type such as an aneroid valve or a diaphragm valve.
  • the expiratory valve upstream of the deadspace is a compensated valve which comprises a sealing member which is normally biassed by means to seal against a seat, said sealing member also being connected to a diaphragm and movable thereby into sealing engagement with the seat, the diaphragm forming part of a sealed chamber, the interior of which is connected by a by-pass duct to said smaller bore inlet duct, whereby in use, on inhalation, the secondary inlet valve opens to admit said breathable mixture to the interior of the mask, there being no pressure differential across the expiratory valve due to the bypass duct connecting the interior of the sealed chamber with the secondary inlet duct so the expiratory valve remains closed under the action of its biassing means, said secondary inlet valve being closed on exhalation and the increase in pressure in the face mask generated thereby overcoming the action of the expiratory valve biassing means and causing it to open.
  • the cowl In order to cope with sudden depressurisation of the cabin which would cause the cowl to inflate rapidly, the cowl preferably includes a separate relief valve operable to vent the cowl to atmosphere should a substantial pressure differential arise between the interior and the exterior of the cowl.
  • the cowl can additionally be provided with means whereby the interior of the cowl can be placed in communication with its exterior at normal atmospheric pressure. Such means are particularly useful in cases where the pilot lands in water because he then needs to breathe normally. He can do this in many ways, for instance by puncturing the cowl material or manually releasing a valve. Alternatively, the cowl could be provided with a water sensitive valve which opens when a part thereof comes into contact with water.
  • the mask could also include a rip-out face section in accordance with our patent application No. 8329024.
  • a respirator for use at altitutdes up to 40,000 feet comprising a thin NBC resistant hood or cowl 1, preferably made of a butyl material, provided with a neck seal 2 and a shoulder apron 3.
  • a window or visor 4 is sealingly fitted into the front of the cowl.
  • the window illustrated is in one-piece but two separate windows may be provided.
  • the cowl includes a forwardly extending snout portion 5 which is sealingly attached to the remainder of the cowl. This encloses a face mask 7 of normal type which covers the pilot's nose and mouth and makes a seal with the surrounding face area when drawn against it by retaining means in the form of straps 8.
  • the face mask 7 is a loose fit inside the snout 5 of the cowl 1 but it is nevertheless attached to it.
  • the face mask also includes the usual radio microphone and it is connected to the breathable mixture in the manner to be described hereafter.
  • the air/oxygen supply is fed to the front of the face mask through a supply pipe, the pilot inhaling the breathable mixture through the pipe which supplies the face mask directly. He exhales through a valve system which is concentrically arranged around the inlet pipe at the front of the mask.
  • the breathable mixture is supplied either from a portable blower (not shown) or from a plug-in port (not shown) mounted in the aircraft.
  • the mixture is supplied at approximately 1 1/2"-2" water gauge pressure via hose 14 to the interior of the cowl.
  • the mixture is fed via inlet 15 into the cowl, the inlet having outlets 16 which exit above and at one side of the visor 4.
  • the inlet 15 is normally a rubber tube attached to the inside of the cowl 1.
  • the face mask 7 is provided with at least one and preferably two inhalatory valves 17 (only one is shown for ease of illustration) and also includes an outlet duct 18 connected to an outlet assembly 19 which includes an upstream exhalatory valve 20 and a downstream exhalatory valve 21, there being a deadspace 22 between them.
  • the valves 17, 20 and 21 are known flap valves which are normally closed.
  • a breathable mixture is supplied to the interior of the cowl 1 past the visor 4 and, on inhalation by the pilot, is admitted to the interior of the face mask 7 through the inhalatory valve or valves 17.
  • the valve or valves 17 are closed and expiratory valves 20, 21 open to exhaust the expirate to the exterior of the respirator.
  • the dead space 22 is a valuable safety feature because it further reduces the possibility of the ingress of NBC agents into the interior of the cowl 1.
  • respirator can be used successfully without an assisted pressurised supply, in the case of an emergency in a manner to be described hereafter, it is desirable to do so as it ensures that there is always a pressure in the cowl 1 so NBC agents cannot get in should the cowl get punctured or develop a small leak.
  • FIG. 2 This problem is overcome by modifying the respirator of Figure 1 as shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 1 it is the same as that of Figure 1 in that it comprises a cowl 1, a neck seal 2, a shoulder apron 3, a visor 4 sealingly fitted into the cowl, a snout 5 inside which a face mask 7 is mounted. Straps (not shown) attachable to the pilot's helmet 12 (see Figure 3) ensure that the face mask 7 makes a seal with the wearer's face.
  • the inlet 15 has outlet openings 16 to direct the breathable mixture past the visor 4 for demisting.
  • the inlet is a tube which is stuck to the inside of the cowl along one or both sides thereof and over the top of the visor 4.
  • the face mask 7 has one or more inhalatory valves 17 in it and an outlet duct 18 and outlet assembly 19.
  • this outlet assembly is shown on one side of the respirator for ease of illustration whereas it is, in fact, at the front thereof coaxial with the face mask 7 as shown correctly in Figure 3.
  • the inlet system has to be modified as does the expiratory valving system. Also, a hood relief valve 30 has to be fitted to the cowl.
  • the inlet supply is modified so that it includes a hood inlet valve 31 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is an aneroid valve with bellows 32 which are sensitive to substantial changes in external pressure.
  • a hood inlet valve 31 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is an aneroid valve with bellows 32 which are sensitive to substantial changes in external pressure.
  • the bellows 32 will sense the change and expand against the action of a spring (not shown) which normally keeps the valve open, thereby closing sealing member 33 onto its seat 34 to make a seal therewith.
  • the sealing member 35 has a calibrated hole in it (not shown) to permit limited flow through it so that a limited flow of breathable mixture continues to be supplied to the visor for demisting purposes when the valve 31 is closed by the bellows 32.
  • the sealing member 33 is connected by rod 35 to knob 36 which can be manually depressed by the pilot during a test procedure to ensure that the valve is working properly.
  • a small bore duct 37 which is of a lesser inside diameter than the inlet 15 connects the inlet 14 to the face mask 7 via a normally closed secondary inlet valve 38.
  • a balance pipe 39 joins the small bore duct 37 to a sealed chamber 41 in a compensating valve whose sealing member 40 is connected to a diaphragm 42.
  • the sealing member 40 is however normally kept against its seat by means of a spring (not shown) acting between it and the diaphragm 42.
  • the outlet assembly 19 has an expiratory valve 21 in it and a dead space 22 as with the Figure 1 embodiment.
  • the breathable mixture is supplied via hose 14, either from a portable blower (not shown) or from a plug-in port on the aircraft at a pressure of 1 1/2"-2" water gauge as before.
  • the hood inlet valve 31 is open so substantially all of the supply of the breathable mixture is fed to the inlet 15 and passes into the interior of the cowl 1 via outlets 16 which direct it past the visor 4 to demist it. Because the duct 37 is of a smaller bore than the inlet 15, the breathable mixture tends to follow the line of least resistance and flow into the cowl through the inlet 15 rather than via secondary inlet valve 38.
  • the pilot's cabin becomes depressurised however, and he is flying at over 40,000 feet, he needs to be supplied with a breathable mixture at a much higher pressure of up to 17" water gauge and he needs to be supplied with this almost instantly.
  • the on-board regulator in the aircraft senses that a higher pressure is needed and as a result the breathable mixture is supplied at the appropriate pressure for the altitude at which the aircraft is flying.
  • the hood inlet valve closes due to the bellows 32 expanding.
  • the path of the breathable mixture, now supplied at high pressure, to the inlet 15 is blocked so it flows along the small bore duct 37 via inhalatory valve 38 and into the face mask 7 so the pilot can continue to breathe normally.
  • the compensatory hole in the hood inlet sealing member 33 allows a limited flow of breathable mixture to reach the inlet 15 so a flow of mixture continues to be supplied to the visor 4 to demist it.
  • this increased pressure flow would lift the sealing member 40 from its seat.
  • this pipe 39 effectively ensures that whatever pressure is applied to the upstream side of secondary inhalatory valve 38 is also applied to the downstream side of the sealing member 40 of the compensatory valve, thereby neutralising the effect of the increased pressure on the valve member 40 and preventing it from opening.
  • hood relief valve 30 On decompression, the cowl 1 will inflate as before but the pressure cannot be relieved via the expiratory valves 40 and 21 as with the Figure 1 embodiment, so hood relief valve 30 has to be provided. This immediately opens on decompression to vent the pressure differential in the cowl to atmosphere. It then closes again and is no longer required as it has done its job. Once the aircraft or the pilot reaches an altitude below 40,000 feet, the valve 31 will open once again, and the breathable mixture will be supplied at a more normal 1 1/2"-2" water gauge pressure so normal breathing can be resumed.
  • the cowl can include some means of piercing it located above the water line on the cowl so that rather than inhale water through the hose 14, he can breathe through the hole in the cowl.
  • this can be a valve (not shown) provided on the side of the cowl but communicating with the inlet 15 which can be manually released by the pilot pulling a release pin.
  • a water sensitive valve or other suitable means could be used. Having gained access to the outside atmosphere via the valve, the pilot can then breathe normally as air will be entering the cowl through the hole or valve located above the water line.
  • the inhalatory valve or valves 17 are 25mm in diameter whereas the secondary inhalatory valve is 14mm in diameter. This gives a sufficient valve bias to ensure that, in normal breathing at a supply pressure of 1 1/2"-2" water gauge, the major part of the flow passes through the inlet 15 into the cowl, rather than via secondary inlet valve 39. Provided some differential is provided, the valve diameter dimensions are not critical.
  • outlet assembly with its valve system is shown in Figures 1 and 2 as being on one side of the respirator, this has been done for ease of illustration and in fact, the outlet assembly 19 is provided on the front of the cowl 1 in the middle of the face mask 7.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
EP19880309448 1987-04-06 1988-10-10 Respirateur Ceased EP0363530A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8708156A GB2203050B (en) 1987-04-06 1987-04-06 Respirator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0363530A1 true EP0363530A1 (fr) 1990-04-18

Family

ID=10615303

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880309448 Ceased EP0363530A1 (fr) 1987-04-06 1988-10-10 Respirateur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0363530A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2203050B (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6257235B1 (en) 1999-05-28 2001-07-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Face mask with fan attachment
DE4205901C2 (de) * 1991-02-28 2002-01-31 Intertechnique Sa Individuelles Atemschutzgerät
FR2812818A1 (fr) * 2000-08-10 2002-02-15 Robert Schegerin Ensemble masque-casque ultra leger et a faible centrage avant pour pilote d'avions modernes
WO2003068318A1 (fr) * 2002-02-16 2003-08-21 The Secretary Of State For Defence Masque respiratoire
WO2004035142A1 (fr) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-29 Bae Systems Plc Respirateur integre
WO2005089874A1 (fr) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Scott Health & Safety Ltd Respirateurs
US7156093B2 (en) 2003-09-18 2007-01-02 E. D. Bullard Company Inflatable respirator hood
US7931023B2 (en) * 1991-12-20 2011-04-26 Resmed Limited Patient interface assembly for CPAP respiratory apparatus
CN106955431A (zh) * 2017-05-29 2017-07-18 东台市江海救生消防设备有限公司 紧急逃生呼吸器
CN107899151A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-04-13 北京欧美中科学技术研究院 宜人的防雾化学实验防毒面具

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2203050B (en) * 1987-04-06 1991-07-31 Cam Lock Respirator
GB2209123A (en) * 1987-08-29 1989-05-04 M S A Breathing apparatus
IT218019Z2 (it) * 1989-09-08 1992-03-05 Enea Dispositivo protettivo individuale, portatile ad isolamento totale conatmosfera controllata
US5410757A (en) * 1990-06-01 1995-05-02 Kemira Oy Face shield
FI87136C (fi) * 1990-06-01 1992-12-10 Kemira Oy Ansiktsskydd
FR2686795B1 (fr) * 1992-01-30 1996-07-05 Intertechnique Sa Equipement individuel respiratoire et de protection en ambiance contaminee.
GB0019291D0 (en) * 2000-08-07 2000-09-27 Secr Defence Respirators
GB0307198D0 (en) 2003-03-28 2003-04-30 3M Innovative Properties Co Rigid air ducting for respirator hoods and helmets
GB0406291D0 (en) * 2004-03-19 2004-04-21 Scott Health & Safety Ltd Respirators
CN108273209B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2023-04-14 山东联星能源集团有限公司 可佩带眼镜使用的化学实验防毒面具

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB246249A (en) * 1924-11-08 1926-01-28 Allen Ronald Dixon Improvements in or relating to goggle masks or breathing masks
FR784777A (fr) * 1934-04-19 1935-07-24 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs d'expiration des masques à gaz
US2809374A (en) * 1952-11-07 1957-10-15 American Optical Corp Aviators' helmets
GB800600A (en) * 1949-09-30 1958-08-27 John Raymond Cuthbert Quilter Improvements in pressurized clothing equipment for aviators
GB1462361A (en) * 1973-01-19 1977-01-26 Secr Defence Protective clothing
GB2203050A (en) * 1987-04-06 1988-10-12 Cam Lock Respirator

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB222366A (en) * 1924-01-18 1924-10-02 Robert William Gorman Davis Improvements in or relating to gas masks
SE336528B (fr) * 1970-03-12 1971-07-05 Aga Ab
GB2035807A (en) * 1978-10-31 1980-06-25 Ca Minister Nat Defence Face visor for low temperature environments
DE2908528C2 (de) * 1979-03-05 1984-04-05 Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck Lungengesteuertes Atemgerät mit Überdruck im Maskeninnenraum
GB2135198B (en) * 1983-02-16 1986-07-30 Siebe Gorman & Co Ltd Facemasks for breathing apparatus
NO842275L (no) * 1983-06-07 1984-12-10 Racal Safety Ltd Respirator.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB246249A (en) * 1924-11-08 1926-01-28 Allen Ronald Dixon Improvements in or relating to goggle masks or breathing masks
FR784777A (fr) * 1934-04-19 1935-07-24 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs d'expiration des masques à gaz
GB800600A (en) * 1949-09-30 1958-08-27 John Raymond Cuthbert Quilter Improvements in pressurized clothing equipment for aviators
US2809374A (en) * 1952-11-07 1957-10-15 American Optical Corp Aviators' helmets
GB1462361A (en) * 1973-01-19 1977-01-26 Secr Defence Protective clothing
GB2203050A (en) * 1987-04-06 1988-10-12 Cam Lock Respirator

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4205901C2 (de) * 1991-02-28 2002-01-31 Intertechnique Sa Individuelles Atemschutzgerät
US7931023B2 (en) * 1991-12-20 2011-04-26 Resmed Limited Patient interface assembly for CPAP respiratory apparatus
US6257235B1 (en) 1999-05-28 2001-07-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Face mask with fan attachment
FR2812818A1 (fr) * 2000-08-10 2002-02-15 Robert Schegerin Ensemble masque-casque ultra leger et a faible centrage avant pour pilote d'avions modernes
WO2003068318A1 (fr) * 2002-02-16 2003-08-21 The Secretary Of State For Defence Masque respiratoire
US7089931B2 (en) 2002-02-16 2006-08-15 Secretary Of State For Defence Respirators
AU2003208418B2 (en) * 2002-02-16 2006-08-17 The Secretary Of State For Defence Respirators
WO2004035142A1 (fr) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-29 Bae Systems Plc Respirateur integre
US7156093B2 (en) 2003-09-18 2007-01-02 E. D. Bullard Company Inflatable respirator hood
WO2005089874A1 (fr) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Scott Health & Safety Ltd Respirateurs
CN106955431A (zh) * 2017-05-29 2017-07-18 东台市江海救生消防设备有限公司 紧急逃生呼吸器
CN107899151A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-04-13 北京欧美中科学技术研究院 宜人的防雾化学实验防毒面具
CN107899151B (zh) * 2017-11-24 2023-04-18 北京欧美中科学技术研究院 宜人的防雾化学实验防毒面具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8708156D0 (en) 1987-05-13
GB2203050A (en) 1988-10-12
GB2203050B (en) 1991-07-31

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