EP0363217A2 - Chaussure d'athlétisme à crampons flexibles - Google Patents

Chaussure d'athlétisme à crampons flexibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0363217A2
EP0363217A2 EP89310255A EP89310255A EP0363217A2 EP 0363217 A2 EP0363217 A2 EP 0363217A2 EP 89310255 A EP89310255 A EP 89310255A EP 89310255 A EP89310255 A EP 89310255A EP 0363217 A2 EP0363217 A2 EP 0363217A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sole
projections
traction
grooves
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89310255A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0363217A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas A. Mcmahon
Gordon A. Valiant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nike International Ltd
Original Assignee
Nike International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nike International Ltd filed Critical Nike International Ltd
Publication of EP0363217A2 publication Critical patent/EP0363217A2/fr
Publication of EP0363217A3 publication Critical patent/EP0363217A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/22—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
    • A43B13/24—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer by use of insertions
    • A43B13/26—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer by use of insertions projecting beyond the sole surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B3/00—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
    • A43B3/0036—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use characterised by a special shape or design
    • A43B3/0042—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use characterised by a special shape or design with circular or circle shaped parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an athletic shoe and particu­larly to an athletic shoe adapted to resist sliding of the shoe relative to the ground in any linear translation of the shoe but which will per­mit, in particular, pivoting about a pivot point in the ball thereof.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,670,996 to Beekman discloses a shoe having a sole for initially facilitating rotation about an axis of rotation normal in the sole in response to the application of a moment about the axis of rotation.
  • the sole contains flexible members radially spaced from the axis of rotation and guide means for impeding the flexing of the flexible members in response to forces which do not create moments about the axis of rotation so as to improve traction in the direction longitudinally of the shoe.
  • the guide means allows flexing of the flex­ible members in response to forces which do create moments about the axis of rotation. This initially facilities rotational motion of the foot relative to the ground.
  • the shoe and foot only rotate easily until the flexible members are bent so that their lowermost surfaces are flush with the lowermost surfaces of the guide means.
  • the lowermost surfaces of the guide means have high frictional con­tact with the ground and will tend to impede further rotation of the shoe and foot.
  • Only a limited range of rotational motion is pro­vided, subjecting the wearer's foot to potentially injurious forces.
  • an athletic shoe having traction projections embedded in the bottom of grooves in the outsole, the grooves being arranged concentrically about a pivot point in the ball portion and most of the grooves therefore extending laterally of the outsole.
  • the traction projections protrude slightly from the ground engaging surface of the shoe into contact with the ground.
  • Ground designates the playing surface on which the shoe is used, whether it be, for example, natural or artifi­cial turf or the wood surface of a basketball court or a composition surface on a track or tennis court.
  • the traction projections are adapted to bend when force is exerted against their free ends.
  • the traction projections bend about the point at which they are embedded in the outsole only until the pro­truding portions at the free ends engage the front edges of the groove.
  • the traction projections are then supported by the edges of the grooves to place the relatively rigid free ends in engagement with the ground.
  • the shoe moves relative to the ground in a direction generally parallel to most of the grooves.
  • the traction projections thus bend generally in the direction of the grooves and tend to lay down in the grooves and offer little or no resistance to movement of the shoe relative to the ground.
  • the outsole or race plate includes an outsole member from which the traction projections extend, and rings which have a ground engaging surface formed of a material such as nylon or other hard plastic which will provide a low friction contact between the shoe and the ground when the traction projections are forced into the grooves. This pre­vents the shoe from locking the foot against rotation and possibly subjecting it to an injurious force.
  • the shoe in accordance with this invention may be adapted for use, for example, on a basketball court and the traction projections can be formed as columns of high-friction material such as rubber.
  • the shoe may also be adapted for use on artificial turf wherein the protruding free ends of the traction projections tend to penetrate the surface and to provide traction.
  • the traction projections can be formed as bundles of bristles or columns of high-friction material when the shoe is to be used on artificial turf.
  • FIG. 1 an athletic shoe designated gen­erally as 50.
  • a race plate or outsole 1 is attached to upper 20 of ath­letic shoe 50.
  • Outsole 1 includes outsole member 1a which is provided with a plurality of traction projections 19. Traction projections 19 are arranged in concentric circles.
  • Outsole 1 further includes rings 26 of a low friction material such as nylon or teflon which are secured between adjacent circles of traction projections 19 to the bottom surface of outsole member 1a. Materials with a kinetic coefficient of friction of 0.2 to 0.4 with respect to the type ground surface on which the shoe is to be used would be suitable.
  • the bottom surfaces of rings 26 represent the ground engaging surface of the shoe.
  • rings and “circles” as used herein broadly refers to either (1) complete rings and circles or (2) segments thereof where the ring or circle diameter is greater than the width of outsole 1.
  • a disk 26a of low friction material is disposed within the region inside the inner­most ring of traction projections 19.
  • disk 26a and rings 26 are arranged concentrically about a pivot point 3 in the ball portion so as to define a plurality of concentric grooves 2 within which traction projections 19 are disposed.
  • Grooves 2 include con­centric circular grooves 4 and 5 and segments of grooves 6-14 which have a diameter greater than the width of outsole 1 and therefore define incomplete or broken circles.
  • groove segments 15, 16, and 17, similarly defined by rings 26 and traction projections 19 may be provided in the heel portion of outsole 1. It should be empha­sized that the rings should have relatively low friction on the surface for which the athletic shoe is designed for use.
  • Traction projections 19 are distributed uniformly at a relatively close spacing along each groove 2.
  • traction projections 19 are formed as columns or cleats 19′ of rubber or other high friction material. As suggested by the dashed curve in Figure 4, the columns may be formed with rounded ends.
  • Columns 19′ are preferably molded into outsole member 1a although the invention is not limited by the manner in which columns 19′ are secured to outsole member 1a.
  • Columns 19′ extend perpendicular to the plane of the ground engaging surface of outsole 1, parallel to and normally spaced from the opposed parallel side walls 30, 32 of the grooves 2 as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The length of columns 19′ is such that the free ends thereof protrude slightly from the ground engaging surface of outsole 1.
  • columns 19′ are relatively stiff, they are also adapted to bend from the ends embedded in outsole 1 under forces exerted at their free ends.
  • the normal posture of columns 19′ is as shown in Figures 4 and 5, that is, extending perpendicular to the ground engag­ing surface of outsole 1 and spaced from side walls 30, 32 of grooves 2.
  • grooves 6-14 are gen­erally transverse to the center line of the shoe, which is the line extending from the toe portion, through the ball portion to the heel portion.
  • Grooves 4 and5 include substantial portions that are trans­verse to the center line.
  • Grooves 15, 16 and 17 in the heel portion of the outsole 1 also extend generally transversely of the center line of the shoe.
  • Grooves 4 and 5, and to a lesser extent grooves 6-14, also provide traction in a medio-lateral direction radially of pivot point 3 as for instance when a player changes direction.
  • all of the columns in the grooves 4-16 are moved in a direction longitudinally of their respec­tive grooves and, as shown in Figure 7, are bent into the grooves and offer little or no resistance to the movement.
  • low friction rings 26 are in contact with the ground and pivoting is facilitated such that the player's foot will not be locked in place. This reduces the potential for serious injury.
  • Shoes with traction projections made of rubber or other high friction materials could be used on wood floors, as, for example, a basketball court, as well as on artificial playing surfaces which simu­late grass.
  • a shoe constructed in accordance with the present invention should meet several requirements.
  • the translational fric­tion force of a shoe including the traction projections should be at least two times the translational friction force of the same shoe with­out the traction projections, i.e. with only the low friction rings.
  • the translational coefficient of friction provided by the cleats should be greater than 1.0, noting that translational friction varies with load (i.e., weight of person wearing the shoe) and velocity, and that the specified translational coefficient of friction is for an aver­age adult moving at average walking to running speeds.
  • the resistance of the shoe to a tangential force should not be substan­tially affected by the traction projections.
  • One manner of determin­ing this resistance is to apply a tangential force to a shoe subjected to a load slightly greater than the average body weight.
  • the peak fric­tional moment during rotation of the shoe is measured.
  • the peak moment is indicative of the resistance of the shoe to pivoting motion.
  • the peak moment of a shoe including the traction projections should not be substantially greater than the peak moment of the same shoe without the traction projections.
  • the dimensions and characteristics of the traction projections play an important role in both translational and rotational friction.
  • the traction projections must be a sufficient overall length to facili­tate bending during pivoting motion and also must project from the ground engaging surface to generate sufficient translational friction. Increasing the diameter of traction projections increases translational friction, but inhibits bending. The overall length, projecting length and diameter of the traction projections thus, must be coordinated to obtain the desired frictional objections.
  • notches 43 may be provided in the traction projections as an alterna­tive for facilitating bending.
  • each notch is provided in each trac­tion projection, each notch extending in a direction substantially per­pendicular to the tangent of the groove at that point, so as to facili­tate flexing in both pivoting directions while bending toward the side-­walls of the groove is still inhibited.
  • traction projections 19 may be formed either as column 19 or as bundles of bristles 18 as shown in Figure 8 which are made from relatively stiff cylindrical elements formed for example of nylon or polypropylene.
  • Bristles 18 comprise bundles of filaments that are drawn into U-shaped circular holes formed in the bottom of the grooves ⁇ the holes being for example about 3 mm in diameter (slightly less than the width of the grooves) and about 2 mm deep, and spaced apart about 4 mm center to center.
  • the bundles of filaments are drawn into the holes and held therein by wire 24, of, for example, stainless steel that is, threaded upwardly and then downwardly through a pilot hole formed through the sole in the center of the filament retaining hole to form a loop that encircles the mid-point of the bundles of fila­ments.
  • the ends of wire 24 are secured in the soles, for example, by looping them through a pair of pilot holes and tying them off.
  • the ground engaging surface of the sole may include a clearance groove interconnecting the pilot holes in which the lead of the wire between the holes is seated.
  • the number and size of the bristles in the bundle can vary but typically may comprise for example, twenty- five strands of nylon approximately 0.3 mm in diameter, thus producing a tuft of fifty strands, the bristles extending from the sole a distance of about 3 or 4 mm or so.
  • the outsole or race plate is molded of a material such as nylon or other hard plastic which has a relatively low frictional resistance on artificial turf.

Landscapes

  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
EP19890310255 1988-10-07 1989-10-06 Chaussure d'athlétisme à crampons flexibles Withdrawn EP0363217A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25483988A 1988-10-07 1988-10-07
US254839 1988-10-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0363217A2 true EP0363217A2 (fr) 1990-04-11
EP0363217A3 EP0363217A3 (fr) 1991-07-03

Family

ID=22965777

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890310255 Withdrawn EP0363217A3 (fr) 1988-10-07 1989-10-06 Chaussure d'athlétisme à crampons flexibles

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0363217A3 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997013422A1 (fr) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-17 Rotasole Pty. Ltd. Chaussure a semelle equipee d'un coussinet circulaire permettant de soulager les efforts de torsion sur les chevilles
EP0853896A3 (fr) * 1997-01-17 1999-02-10 Nike International Ltd Article chaussant avec des crampons en forme de sabots de chamois
GB2332136A (en) * 1997-12-11 1999-06-16 Softspikes Inc Cleat
WO2016081210A1 (fr) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-26 Nike Innovate C.V. Semelle d'usure à éléments d'extansion pour réduction d'adhérence

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6834445B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2004-12-28 Softspikes, Llc Shoe cleat with improved traction
US6834446B2 (en) 2002-08-27 2004-12-28 Softspikes, Llc Indexable shoe cleat with improved traction

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4670997A (en) * 1984-03-23 1987-06-09 Stanley Beekman Athletic shoe sole
US4689901A (en) * 1984-10-19 1987-09-01 Frederick Ihlenburg Reduced torsion resistance athletic shoe sole

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4670997A (en) * 1984-03-23 1987-06-09 Stanley Beekman Athletic shoe sole
US4689901A (en) * 1984-10-19 1987-09-01 Frederick Ihlenburg Reduced torsion resistance athletic shoe sole

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997013422A1 (fr) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-17 Rotasole Pty. Ltd. Chaussure a semelle equipee d'un coussinet circulaire permettant de soulager les efforts de torsion sur les chevilles
US6035559A (en) * 1995-10-11 2000-03-14 Rotasole Pty. Ltd. Shoe with circular pad in the sole to relieve twisting stresses on the ankle
US5926974A (en) * 1997-01-17 1999-07-27 Nike, Inc. Footwear with mountain goat traction elements
US6018889A (en) * 1997-01-17 2000-02-01 Nike, Inc. Footwear with mountain goat traction elements
EP0853896A3 (fr) * 1997-01-17 1999-02-10 Nike International Ltd Article chaussant avec des crampons en forme de sabots de chamois
US6226896B1 (en) 1997-01-17 2001-05-08 Nike, Inc. Footwear with mountain goat traction elements
GB2332136A (en) * 1997-12-11 1999-06-16 Softspikes Inc Cleat
US6023860A (en) * 1997-12-11 2000-02-15 Softspikes, Inc. Athletic shoe cleat
US6167641B1 (en) 1997-12-11 2001-01-02 Softspikes, Inc. Athletic shoe cleat
US6305104B1 (en) 1997-12-11 2001-10-23 Mcmullin Faris W. Athletic shoe cleat
GB2332136B (en) * 1997-12-11 2002-07-17 Softspikes Inc Athletic shoe cleat
WO2016081210A1 (fr) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-26 Nike Innovate C.V. Semelle d'usure à éléments d'extansion pour réduction d'adhérence
US10165827B2 (en) 2014-11-18 2019-01-01 Nike, Inc. Outsole with grip reduction extension members

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0363217A3 (fr) 1991-07-03

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