Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/14—Fillers; Abrasives ; Abrasive compositions; Suspending or absorbing agents not provided for in one single group of C11D3/12; Specific features concerning abrasives, e.g. granulometry or mixtures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0026—Structured liquid compositions, e.g. liquid crystalline phases or network containing non-Newtonian phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
  • C11D3/1266—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite in liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
  • C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with liquid detergent compositions of the kind in which particles of solid material can be suspended by a structure formed from detergent active material, the active structure existing as a separate phase dispersed within predominantly aqueous phase.
• This aqueous phase usually contains dissolved electrolyte.
• the suspended solid can be substantially the same as the dissolved electrolyte, being an excess of same beyond the solubility limit.
• This solid is usually present as a detergency builder, i.e. to counteract the effects of calcium ion water hardness in the wash.
• it may be desirable to suspend substantially insoluble particles of bleach, for example diperoxydodecandioic acid (DPDA).
• DPDA diperoxydodecandioic acid
• the suspended solid is usually a particulate abrasive, insoluble in the system.
• the electrolyte is a different, water soluble material, present to contribute to structuring of the active material in the dispersed phase.
• the abrasive can however comprise partially soluble salts which dissolve when the product is diluted.
• the structure is usually used for thickening products to give consumer-preferred flow properties, and some­times to suspend pigment particles.
• Compositions of the first kind are described, for example, in our patent specification EP-A-38,101 whilst examples of those in the second category are described in our specification EP-A-104,452.
• Those in the third category are, for example, described in US 4,244,840.
• the dispersed structuring phase in these liquids is generally believed to consist of an onion-like configuration comprising concentric bilayers of detergent active molecules, between which is trapped water (aqueous phase).
• aqueous phase trapped water
• These configurations of active material are sometimes referred to as lamellar droplets. It is believed that the close-packing of these droplets enables the solid materials to be kept in suspension.
• the lamellar droplets are themselves a sub-set of lamellar structures which are capable of being formed in detergent active/aqueous electrolyte systems.
• Lamellar systems in general are a category of structures which can exist in detergent liquids.
• the present invention solves a problem of introducing functional polymer ingredients into aqueous structured liquids.
• Functional polymer ingredients are those polymers which have a beneficial effect in use. The definition does not include those polymers, the sole function of which is to modify the rheology of the product.
• a very common type of functional polymer ingredient is a polymer builder. Functional polymer ingredients may also serve the wetting properties of liquid abrasive cleaners.
• Polymers have also been used for viscosity control in slurries intended for spray-drying, for example as described in specification EP-A-24,711. However, such slurries have no requirement of stability and so there is no difficulty with how the polymer should be incorporated.
• a functional polymer ingredient can be incorporated up to relatively high levels, without unduly affecting viscosity and without destabilising the liquid, if the ingredient has an average molecular weight below 2000, provided that when the composition comprises:
• Suitable function polymer ingredients include polyethylene glycols, Dextran, Dextran sulphonates, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and polyacrylate/maleic acid co-polymers.
• compositions Depending on the other components of the composition and the type and molecular weight of the particular polymer, it may be included at typically from 0.5% to 12.5% by weight of the total composition, for example from 1% to 10%. Most preferred are those functional polymer materials having an average molecular weight of 1000 or less.
• the detergent active material may be selected from one or more of anionic, cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof, provided the material forms a structuring system in the liquid. Most preferably, the detergent active material comprises
• Suitable nonionic surfactants which may be used include in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide.
• Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C6 - C22) phenols-ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C8-C18) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine.
• Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
• the anionic detergent surfactants are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals.
• suitable synthetic anionic detergent compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating higher (C8 -C18) alcohols produced for example from tallow or coconut oil, sodium and potassium alkyl (C9-C20) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C10 -C15) benzene sulphonates; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of higher (C8-C18) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, reaction products; the reaction products of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralised with sodium hydroxide; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl taurine; alkane
• the preferred anionic detergent compounds are sodium (C11 - C15) alkyl benzene sulphonates and sodium (C16 - C18) alkyl sulphates.
• the total amount of surfactant material will typically be from 10-50%, preferably from 15 to 40% and most preferably from 20 to 30% by weight of the total composition.
• compositions preferably will contain a salting-out electrolyte.
• a salting-out electrolyte This has the meaning ascribed to it in specification EP-A-79,646.
• some salting-in electrolyte (as defined in the latter specification) may also be included, provided if of a kind and in an amount compatible with the other components and the composition is still in accordance with the definition of the invention claimed herein.
• Some or all of the electrolyte may have detergency builder properties. In any event, it is preferred that compositions according to the present invention include detergency builder material, some or all of which may be electrolyte.
• the builder material is any capable of reducing the level of free calcium ions in the wash liquor and will preferably provide the composition with other beneficial properties such as the generation of an alkaline pH, the suspension of soil removed from the fabric and the dispersion of the fabric softening clay material.
• the total amount of electrolyte will be from 1 to 60%, preferably from 10 to 50%, most preferably from 20 to 45% by weight of the total composition.
• compositions of the present invention have solid suspending capability, and include those compositions which actually contain particulate solids in suspension.
• Such solids may be undissolved electrolyte or a water-soluble or water-insoluble detergency builder (whether or not the builder is also an electrolyte), and/or a water-soluble or water-insoluble abrasive (provided allowed according to the definition of the present invention).
• Examples of phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders when present, include the water-soluble salts, especially alkali metal pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates.
• Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, phosphates and hexametaphosphates.
• non-phosphorus-containing inorganic detergency builders when present, include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates and crystalline and amorphous alumino silicates. Specific examples include sodium carbonate (with or without calcite seeds), potassium carbonate, sodium and potassium bicarbonates, silicates and zeolites.
• organic detergency builders when present, include the alkaline metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxsulphonates. Specific examples include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tartrate mono succinate, tartrate di succinate, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, melitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid.
• partly dissolved polymers include many of the polymer and co-polymers salts already known as detergency builders. For example, may be used (including building and non-building polymers) polyethylene glycols, polyacrylates with molecular weights of at least 2000, polymaleates, polysugars, polysugarsulphonates and co-polymers of any of these.
• the partly dissolved polymer comprises a co-polymer which includes an alkali metal salt of a polyacrylic, polymethacrylic or maleic acid or anhydride.
• compositions with these co-polymers have a pH of above 8.0.
• the amount of such viscosity reducing polymer can vary widely according to the formulation of the rest of the composition. However, typical amounts are from 0.5 to 4.5% by weight.
• the optional polymer which is substantially totally soluble in the aqueous phase must have an electrolyte resistance of more than 5 grams sodium nitrilotriacetate in 100ml of a 5% by weight aqueous solution of the polymer, said second polymer also having a vapour pressure in 20% aqueous solution, equal to or less than the vapour pressure of a reference 2% by weight or greater aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 6000; said second polymer having a molecular weight of at least 1000.
• the incorporation of the soluble polymer permits formulation with improved stability at the same viscosity (relative to the composition without the soluble polymer) or lower viscosity with the same stability.
• the soluble polymer can also reduce viscosity drift, even when it also brings about a viscosity reduction.
• the soluble polymer it is especially preferred to incorporate the soluble polymer together with a partly dissolved polymer which has a large insoluble component, although the latter may be used without the former. That is because the building capacity of the partly dissolved polymer will be good (since relatively high quantities can be stably incorporated), the viscosity reduction will not be optimum (since little will be dissolved). Thus, the soluble polymer can usefully function to reduce the viscosity further, to an ideal level.
• the soluble polymer can, for example, be incorporated at from 0.05 to 20% by weight, although usually, from 0.1 to 2.5% by weight of the total composition is sufficient, and especially from 0.2 to 1.5% by weight. Levels above these may cause instability.
• a large number of different polymer may be used as such a soluble polymer, provided the electrolyte resistance and vapour pressure requirements are met.
• the former is measured as the amount of sodium nitrilotriacetate (NaNTA) solution necessary to reach the cloud point of 100ml of a 5% solution of the polymer in water at 25 ⁇ C, with the system adjusted to neutral pH, i.e. about 7. This is preferably effected using sodium hydroxide.
• the electrolyte resistance is 10g NaNTA, especially 15g.
• the latter indicates a vapour pressure low enough to have sufficient water binding capability, as generally explained in the applicant's specification GB-A-2 053 249.
• the measurement is effected with a reference solution at 10% by weight aqueous concentration, especially 18%.
• Typical classes of polymers which may be used as the soluble polymer include any of those specified above as examples of the functional polymer materials, but having instead, an average molecular weight of at least 2000.
• the soluble polymer must have an average molecular weight of at least 1000 but a minimum average molecular weight of 2000 is preferred.
• compositions of the invention preferably have a viscosity at 21s ⁇ 1 of less than 1,500 mPas, more preferred less than 1,000 mPas.
• the pH of the compositions is preferably from 7.5 to 12.5.
• lather boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, lather depressants, oxygen-releasing bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, peracid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as tricloroisocyanuric acid, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes, enzymes such as proteases and amylases, germicides and colourants.
• lather boosters such as alkanolamides, particularly the monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids
• lather depressants oxygen-releasing bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, peracid bleach precursors, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents such as tricloroisocyanuric acid, inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate, and, usually present in very minor amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes, enzymes such as protea
• Table 1 Composition of the reference sample Component Composition (% w/w) NaLAS (1) 10.4 Synperonic A7 (2) 6.7 NaCl 4.6 Water up to 100 Polymer if added, on top of formulation (1) Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (2) C12-13 fatty alcohol alkoxylated with an average of 7 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule.
• Table 2 Product properties of composition of Table 1 with added Poly ethylene glycol. Variation in molecular weight.
• Component Composition (%w/w) NaLAS (1) 7.2 Synperonic A3 (3) 2.4 LES (4) 2.4 Zeolite 4A (anhydrous) 20.0 Citric acid 1.5 Glycerol 8.0 Borax 5.7 NaOH to adjust the pH to 8.5 Polymer var see Table 6 Water up to 100 (1) Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate. (3) C12-13 fatty alcohol alkoxylated with an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule. (4) Lauryl Ether Sulphate (Approx 3EO). Table 6 Product properties of composition of Table 5 with added Sodium Poly Acrylate. Variation in level and mol. weight. Polymer Mol.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (10)

Citations (5)

• 1988
  • 1988-10-07 GB GB888823655A patent/GB8823655D0/en active Pending
• 1989
  • 1989-09-07 ES ES89202260T patent/ES2071642T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-09-07 DE DE68922263T patent/DE68922263T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-09-07 EP EP89202260A patent/EP0362916B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-09-29 CA CA000615307A patent/CA1330645C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-10-05 BR BR898905073A patent/BR8905073A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-10-05 JP JP1261210A patent/JP2716220B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-10-06 AU AU42628/89A patent/AU627228B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1989-10-06 ZA ZA897630A patent/ZA897630B/xx unknown

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