EP0361357A2 - Entladungsröhre - Google Patents

Entladungsröhre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0361357A2
EP0361357A2 EP89117658A EP89117658A EP0361357A2 EP 0361357 A2 EP0361357 A2 EP 0361357A2 EP 89117658 A EP89117658 A EP 89117658A EP 89117658 A EP89117658 A EP 89117658A EP 0361357 A2 EP0361357 A2 EP 0361357A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
discharge tube
electrode means
side electrode
casing
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89117658A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0361357A3 (de
EP0361357B1 (de
Inventor
Hajime Minamigata
Kiyoshi Yagi
Seiichi Wakabayashi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yazaki Corp
Original Assignee
Yazaki Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP19047889A external-priority patent/JPH02168588A/ja
Application filed by Yazaki Corp filed Critical Yazaki Corp
Publication of EP0361357A2 publication Critical patent/EP0361357A2/de
Publication of EP0361357A3 publication Critical patent/EP0361357A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0361357B1 publication Critical patent/EP0361357B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
    • H01J17/40—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a discharge tube, and more particularly to a discharge tube suitable for use with an ignition device with a series gap of an automobile engine or the like.
  • discharge tubes wherein gas is enclosed in a tube and a voltage is applied across a pair of electrodes provided at the opposite ends of the tube to cause a discharge between them are used widely in various fields.
  • Fig. 9 shows a discharge tube 61 which is used with an ignition device C with a series gap of an automobile engine shown in Fig. 10 or the like, and in the discharge tube 61, an electrode 63 in the form of a needle and another electrode 64 in the form of a flat plate are provided at the opposite ends of a cylindrical casing 62. Inert gas is enclosed in the discharge tube 61.
  • the discharge tube 61 acts as a series gap S of the ignition device C, and as the discharge voltage at the series gap S is maintained high to some degree and the voltage across the series gap after discharging is applied to an electrode of an ignition plug P, an ignition voltage necessary for the ignition plug P is obtained without having a significant influence of an electric shunt circuit which may be caused by carbon sticking to the ignition plug P or the like.
  • the electrode 63 of the discharge tube 61 on the side to which a voltage of an ignition coil 65 is applied is formed into a needle-like configuration as shown in Figs. 10 and 11 and as described hereinabove, there are problems that a non-uniform electric field is formed between the electrodes 63 and 64 of the discharge tube 61 and readily causes discharging and that the discharge voltage V1 of a voltage characteristic illustrated in Fig. 12 does not present a very high level. Accordingly, in order to raise the discharge voltage V1 of the discharge tube 61 to some degree, the distance between the needle-formed electrode 63 and the flat plate-formed electrode 64, that is, the series gap S, is increased to some degree.
  • the electrodes of the discharge tube 61 may seem recommendable to form the electrodes of the discharge tube 61 as a pair of substantially parallel plate electrodes (Rogosky electrodes) which are often used in experiments of a discharge phenomenon and wherein an end face has a flat face configuration and a circumferential edge portion around the end face is rounded into a curved face configuration in order to approximate an electric field between the electrodes of the discharge tube to a uniform electric field so as to cause a discharge less readily to allow the discharge voltage V1 shown in Fig. 12 to be raised and also to reduce the distance between the electrodes to lower the discharge maintaining voltage V2 to decrease the energy loss.
  • Rongosky electrodes substantially parallel plate electrodes
  • Rogosky electrode has a characteristic that it is readily influenced by a quantity of electrons floating between the electrodes and electrons are not discharged from the electrodes, and there is a problem that the discharge voltage V1 is not stabilized and is influenced by a frequency of discharges.
  • a discharge tube of the type wherein a voltage is applied across a pair of electrodes to cause a discharge between the anode side electrode and the cathode side electrode is constituted such that substantially opposing end portions of the pair of electrodes are each formed into a non-acute configuration, and a large number of concave or convex portions are formed on a surface at least of the cathode side electrode.
  • the electric field between the electrodes can be approximated to a uniform electric field, and since the large number of concave or convex portions are formed on the surface at least of the cathode side electrode, also an electric field microscopically approximated to a non-uniform electric field can be formed by the concave or convex portions.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and in the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a discharge tube.
  • a casing 2 of the discharge tube 1 is formed as an insulating pipe in the form of a hollow cylinder made of a ceramics material such as, for example, an alumina ceramics material, a steatite material or a crystallized glass material.
  • a screw thread 3 is formed over a longitudinal direction on an inner periphery of the casing 2, and a pair of electrode bases 4 made of a metal material are screwed into the casing 2 in such a manner as to close openings at the opposite ends of the casing 2.
  • a pair of Rogosky type electrodes 6 formed from a material suitable for discharging are provided in an opposing spaced relationship by a comparatively small distance on inner faces 4a of the individual electrode bases located in the casing 2 with metal rings 5 interposed therebetween.
  • Each of the Rogosky type electrodes 6 is a kind of substantially flat single plate electrode member having such a non-acute end portion that an end face 6a thereof has a flat face configuration and a circumferential edge portion 6b around the end face 6a is rounded toward the metal ring 5 side into a curved face configuration, but the electrode 6 of the present invention further has a large number of small holes 7 formed therein.
  • an etching step or a punching step may be applied to a thin plate of stainless steel having a thickness of, for example, 0.2 mm to form small holes 7 of a diameter of 0.1 to 0.8 mm at a hole pitch of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, and then the thin plate of stainless steel having the small holes 7 perforated therein may be shaped by press work.
  • the electrode base 4 is preferably made of, for example, a 42 alloy material or a cover material having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is substantially equal to that of the casing 2 and is small in value while the metal ring 5 is preferably made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is substantially equal to or smaller than that of the electrode base 4.
  • inert gas such as, for example, nitrogen gas is enclosed in an internal spacing 8 of the discharge tube 1, and a location between the casing 2 and each of the electrodes 4 is sealed with a sealing material 9 such as an epoxy type bonding agent, a glass type bonding agent or a brazing material by metallization so that the enclosed gas may not leak to the outside.
  • a sealing material 9 such as an epoxy type bonding agent, a glass type bonding agent or a brazing material by metallization so that the enclosed gas may not leak to the outside.
  • the pair of electrodes 6 of the discharge tube 1 are formed such that the electrode distance is made small as the Rogosky type, the electric field between the electrodes 6 of the discharge tube 1 can be approximated to a uniform electric field, and the discharge tube is obtained which does not readily cause discharging and is low in discharge maintaining voltage V2 and low in energy loss.
  • the large number of small holes 7 are formed in each of the electrodes 6 of the discharge pipe 1 to attain a condition wherein a large number of irregularities such as concave or convex portions are formed on a surface of the electrode 6, an electric field microscopically approximated to a non-uniform electric field is formed by the small holes 7 and a condition is attained wherein electrons are discharged readily.
  • the discharge tube is obtained wherein the discharge voltage V1 is stabilized, which is a characteristic of a non-uniform electric field, and is not influenced by the frequency of discharges.
  • the pair of electrodes 6 are formed as of the Rogosky type, such a circumstance that, when a pair of parallel flat plates are disposed merely in an opposing relationship, an electric field is concentrated on a circumferential edge portion of each of the flat plates and has an undesirable influence on the discharge characteristic can be prevented, and discharging can be restricted so that it may take place only in a parallel electric field.
  • the discharge tube 1 can be made with a strong structure against a heat cycle, and a sealing condition between the casing 2 and the electrodes 4 can be maintained to prevent leakage of inert gas enclosed in the tube.
  • the electrodes 6 are formed as a kind of parallel plate electrodes and have a greater surface area than conventional needle-formed electrodes, the influence of exhaustion of the electrodes by discharging is small and the durability is improved.
  • the discharge tube 1 since in the discharge tube 1 described above, the pair of electrodes 6 disposed in an opposing relationship are both of the Rogosky type having holes of the same configuration perforated therein, the discharge tube itself does not have a directivity that one of the electrodes serves as an anode and the other electrode serves as a cathode, and an impulse signal can be applied to either of the electrodes. Accordingly, the discharge tube 1 can be used also for an ac power source.
  • the discharge tube 1 having the electrodes 6 of the Rogosky type described above was formed and various experiments were conducted. Such experiments revealed that stabilization of the discharge voltage V1 in the voltage characteristic of discharge shown in Fig. 10 depends upon a material and a shape of the cathode side electrode from which electrons are discharged, a distance between the electrodes, and a kind and a pressure of enclosed gas, and the magnitude of the discharge maintaining voltage V2 depends upon conditions of the distance between the electrodes and enclosed gas.
  • the cathode side electrode is of the Rogosky type having similar holes perforated therein as in the embodiment described above, then the configuration of the anode side electrode does not matter very much.
  • an embodiment wherein the cathode side electrode is of the Rogosky type having holes formed therein and only the anode side electrode is modified will be described below. It is to be noted that, since the structure of the cathode side electrode is the same as in the embodiment described above, description thereof is omitted herein.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B show discharge tubes in each of which an anode side electrode is formed into a flat plate configuration.
  • an electrode 11 substantially in the form of a disk is provided on an electrode base 12 with a metal ring 5 interposed therebetween, and a large number of small holes 13 are formed in a surface of the electrode 11.
  • the method of forming the small holes 13 is the same as the working method described in connection with the embodiment described above.
  • the voltage characteristic obtained is substantially similar to that of the discharge tube 1 of the embodiment described above, and further since the anode side electrode 11 is changed from the Rogosky type to the flat plate type, the length of a casing 14 in the longitudinal direction can be reduced, and the entire discharge tube 10 can be reduced in size.
  • the Rogosky type electrode 6 serves as a cathode and the flat plate-formed electrode 11 not of the Rogosky type serves as an anode, the discharge tube has a directivity and is not suitably used for an ac power source. This can be applied also to other embodiments hereinafter described.
  • an electrode base 17 serves also as an anode side electrode, and no small hole is formed in a surface of the electrode as distinct from Fig. 2A.
  • the electrode base 17 serves also as an anode, the number of parts is reduced and the assembling facility is improved, but since the effective surface area of the electrode from which discharging takes place is reduced comparing with an electrode in which small holes are formed, the discharge tube is not suitably applied very much as a discharge tube which is to be used continuously due to an influence of exhaustion of the electrode by discharging.
  • each of the anode side electrode bases 12 and 17 is screwed by way of a screw thread 18 or 19 formed on an inner periphery of the casing 14 or 16, and the screwed portion is sealed with a sealing material so that inert gas in the discharge tube 10 or 15 may not be leaked. Further, the coefficients of thermal expansion and so forth of the electrode bases 12 and 17 are made substantially equal to those of the individual casings 14 and 16.
  • Discharge tubes 20 and 21 of Figs. 3A and 3B correspond to the discharge tubes of Figs. 2A and 2B which are further reduced in size, respectively.
  • screw threads 24 and 25 are formed on outer peripheries of one end portions of individual casings 22 and 23, and individual anode side electrode plates 26 and 27 formed substantially into lid-like configurations are fitted around and screwed over the casings by way of the screw threads in such a manner as to cover over individual cathode side electrodes.
  • a thin plate 28 having holes perforated therein is put between the anode side electrode plate 26 and an anode side end face of the casing 22.
  • the length of the casings in the longitudinal direction can be further reduced, and since the individual anode side electrode plates 26 and 27 cover also over part of the cathode side electrodes 6 fitted around the casings, the change in voltage characteristic by conditions in use is eliminated. Further, in the case of the discharge tube of Fig. 3A, since the thin plate 28 having the small holes perforated therein is present, the effective area of the electrodes from which discharge can take place is increased, and the influence of exhaustion of the electrodes is decreased.
  • each of the embodiments described so far is constituted such that the electrode bases are screwed to the opposite open end portions of the discharge tube and the screwed portion is sealed with the sealing material
  • the means for sealing the opposite open end portions of the discharge tube is not limited to those of the embodiments described above.
  • embodiments which employ some other sealing means will be described. It is to be noted that, in each of the following embodiments, a pair of electrodes are both of the Rogosky type having holes formed therein, and there is no directivity in a discharge tube that one of the electrodes serves as a cathode and the other electrode serves as an anode.
  • a discharge tube 29 shown in Fig. 4 includes a casing 30 formed from a ceramics material and having a metallization at each of a pair of open end faces 31 thereof.
  • airtight joining by brazing or by an oxide solder 33 is performed in a condition wherein a flange portion 32a of an electrode base 32 on which an electrode 6 is mounted by force fitting of a metal ring 5 is held in a closely contacting relationship with the corresponding open end face 31.
  • brazing 35 is also applied between the enclosing pipe 34 and the electrode base 32, and the enclosing pipe 34 is sealed with a predetermined sealing material after enclosure of gas into the tube.
  • the individual joining portions 33 and 35 by the brazing or the oxide solder described above can preferably stand at least against 300°C from various conditions of use of the discharge tube. Further, since there is the possibility that a high temperature atmosphere may be formed by the joining operation described above and the electrode 6 mounted on the electrode base 32 may be oxidized, there is the necessity of performing the joining operation in an oxygen-free condition such as in forming gas wherein H2 and N2 are mixed, in vacuum or in inert gas.
  • a discharge tube 36 shown in Fig. 5 is formed such that the area of an electrode base 38 for enclosing an open end portion of a casing 37 is reduced.
  • the casing 37 is constituted from a body portion 37a having an end portion thereof drawn inwardly and opened at the other end thereof, and a lid portion 37b for fitting with the open end portion of the body portion 37a, and the body portion 37a and the lid portion 37b are butt joined in an airtight relationship by an oxide solder 39 or the like.
  • an electrode 41 of the Rogosky type adapted to be fitted into each of openings 40 of the body portion 37a and the lid portion 37b and having a smaller diameter than that in each of the embodiments described above is constituted such that a flange portion 41a formed at a base end thereof is engaged with a circumferential edge portion of the opening 40.
  • the circumferential edge portion of the opening 40 is processed by metallization, and brazing 42 is performed while the flange portion 41a engaged with the circumferential edge portion is held by the electrode base 38 formed substantially into a lid configuration. Consequently, the open end portion of the casing 36 is sealed while maintaining communication between the electrode base 38 and the electrode 41.
  • a discharge tube 43 shown in Fig. 6 is constituted such that the area of an electrode base 45 for enclosing each open end portion of a casing 44 is reduced similarly as in the embodiments described above.
  • An electrode plate 46 of the Rogosky type is mounted on each of the electrode bases 45 by brazing in a condition wherein the electrode 46 is fitted in a hub portion 45a of the electrode base 45, and sealing of the casing 44 is attained by the electrode base 45 butt joined in an airtight relationship to the open end portion of the casing 44 by brazing or an oxide solder 47.
  • the conditions that the casing 44 is constituted from a body portion 44a and a lid portion 44b, that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the electrode bases 45 is made substantially same as that of the casing 44, that the joining operation is performed in an oxygen-free condition and so forth are similar as in the embodiments described hereinabove.
  • a cathode side electrode is of the Rogosky type having holes perforated therein as an electrode which is formed in a non-acute contour at an end portion thereof and a large number of irregularities such as concave or convex portions are formed at least on the anode side
  • the configuration of an electrode which has characteristics of a uniform electric field and a non-uniform electric field is not specifically limited to that of the Rogosky type having holes formed therein.
  • a configuration of an electrode of a type other than the Rogosky type having holes formed therein which has both characteristics of a uniform electric field and a non-uniform electric field will be described.
  • a discharge tube in each of the following embodiments is constituted such that a pair of electrodes have a same configuration and the discharge tube itself does not have a directivity.
  • a discharge tube 48 shown in Fig. 7 is constituted such that a needle set electrode 52 formed by bundling a plurality of needle-formed electrodes 51 so as to form a non-uniform electric field is fitted in a hub portion 50a of each of a pair of electrode bases 50 for sealing open end portions of a casing 49, and ends 51a of the individual needle-shaped electrodes 51 are located on imaginary planes 53 so as to form a uniform electric field.
  • the characteristic of a non-uniform electric field can be further intensified comparing with such an electrode of the Rogosky type having holes perforated therein as described above, and the discharge voltage V1 can be stabilized further.
  • each of the imaginary planes 53 is modified into a Rogosky configuration and the individual needle-shaped electrodes 51 are disposed such that the ends 51a thereof may be located on the Rogosky type imaginary planes, then a further preferable electrode can be obtained.
  • a discharge tube 54 shown in Fig. 8 is constituted such that a substantially pipe-shaped electrode 57 having a plurality of recessed portions 58 formed at an end face 57a thereof so as to form a non-uniform electric field is securely mounted on an inner face 56a of each of a pair of electrode bases 56 for sealing open end portions of a casing 55 and each of the end faces 57a is located in an imaginary plane 59 so as to form a uniform electric field.
  • the characteristic of a non-uniform electric field can be intensified further, and the discharge voltage V1 can be stabilized. Further, if the electrodes 57 are disposed such that the end faces 57a thereof are located in the imaginary planes 59 formed as of the Rogosky type, then a further preferable electrode can be obtained.
  • nitrogen gas is illustrated as inert gas to be enclosed in the discharge tube
  • nitrogen gas is optimum particularly for an ignition device with a series gap of an automobile engine or the like
  • inert gas to be enclosed is changed variously to air, argon, helium or the like
  • the discharge voltage of the discharge tube can be changed from several tens kilovolts to several tens volts depending upon gas enclosed.
  • the electrode structure of the present invention can be applied not only to a discharge tube of an ignition device with a series gap but to discharge tubes of various types such as a discharge tube for a flash device, a discharge tube used for a lightning arrester of a telephone switchboard or the like.
  • the electrode of the Rogosky type shown in the embodiments described hereinabove is an example of a configuration of a substantially flat plate-formed electrode wherein an end portion is formed into a non-acute configuration
  • the discharge tube is not limited to that of the specific configuration.
  • similar effects can be obtained even where an end portion of an electrode is formed into a substantially semi-spherical configuration having a large radius.
  • substantially opposing end portions of a pair of electrodes are each formed into a non-acute contour and a large number of irregularities such as concave or convex portions are formed on a surface at least of the cathode side electrode, a stabilized high discharge voltage can be obtained from an initial stage of discharging with a comparatively small distance between the electrodes. Further, since the surface area of the electrodes is great, exhaustion of the electrodes are dispersed, and the electrodes are superior in durability. Further, since the distance between the electrodes is small, the discharge maintaining voltage is low and the energy loss is decreased.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
EP89117658A 1988-09-27 1989-09-25 Entladungsröhre Expired - Lifetime EP0361357B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP23963988 1988-09-27
JP239639/88 1988-09-27
JP19048/89 1989-07-25
JP19047889A JPH02168588A (ja) 1988-09-27 1989-07-25 放電管

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0361357A2 true EP0361357A2 (de) 1990-04-04
EP0361357A3 EP0361357A3 (de) 1990-10-03
EP0361357B1 EP0361357B1 (de) 1996-12-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89117658A Expired - Lifetime EP0361357B1 (de) 1988-09-27 1989-09-25 Entladungsröhre

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0361357B1 (de)
DE (1) DE68927568T2 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0407837A2 (de) * 1989-07-14 1991-01-16 Yazaki Corporation Gasgefüllte Entladungsröhre
EP0466106A1 (de) * 1990-07-11 1992-01-15 Yazaki Corporation Gasentladungsrohr
CN102804525A (zh) * 2011-02-02 2012-11-28 株式会社近藤电机 放电元件及其制造方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2720474A (en) * 1952-09-13 1955-10-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Coated electrodes for electron discharge devices
US3270232A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-08-30 Gen Electric Gaseous discharge device with shield for directly heated cathode
EP0048407A1 (de) * 1980-09-22 1982-03-31 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Hochenergielaser des TEA-Typs mit laser-achsparallel angeordneten Vorionisierungsstäben
US4493003A (en) * 1983-01-28 1985-01-08 Gte Products Corporation Surge arrester assembly

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2720474A (en) * 1952-09-13 1955-10-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Coated electrodes for electron discharge devices
US3270232A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-08-30 Gen Electric Gaseous discharge device with shield for directly heated cathode
EP0048407A1 (de) * 1980-09-22 1982-03-31 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Hochenergielaser des TEA-Typs mit laser-achsparallel angeordneten Vorionisierungsstäben
US4493003A (en) * 1983-01-28 1985-01-08 Gte Products Corporation Surge arrester assembly

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GAS DISCHARGE TUBES, H.L. van der Horst, Philips Technical Library 1964, page 155 *
INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES. vol. 30, no. 2, April 1987, NEW YORK US pages 346 - 349; V S Bosamykin et al.: "Reliable, precisely synchronised 100-keV discharger" *
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. vol. 37, 1966, NEW YORK US pages 1935 - 1937; H M Musal Jr.: "An inverse brush cathode for the negative-glow plasma source" *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0407837A2 (de) * 1989-07-14 1991-01-16 Yazaki Corporation Gasgefüllte Entladungsröhre
EP0407837A3 (en) * 1989-07-14 1991-08-07 Yazaki Corporation Gas-filled discharge tube
EP0466106A1 (de) * 1990-07-11 1992-01-15 Yazaki Corporation Gasentladungsrohr
US5111109A (en) * 1990-07-11 1992-05-05 Yazaki Corporation Discharge tube for series gap use in ignition apparatus
CN102804525A (zh) * 2011-02-02 2012-11-28 株式会社近藤电机 放电元件及其制造方法
US8963409B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2015-02-24 Kondo Electric Co., Ltd. Discharge element and method of manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68927568T2 (de) 1997-04-17
EP0361357A3 (de) 1990-10-03
EP0361357B1 (de) 1996-12-18
DE68927568D1 (de) 1997-01-30

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