EP0358106A2 - Aqueous liquid detergent compositions for textile materials - Google Patents
Aqueous liquid detergent compositions for textile materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0358106A2 EP0358106A2 EP89116066A EP89116066A EP0358106A2 EP 0358106 A2 EP0358106 A2 EP 0358106A2 EP 89116066 A EP89116066 A EP 89116066A EP 89116066 A EP89116066 A EP 89116066A EP 0358106 A2 EP0358106 A2 EP 0358106A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- liquid detergent
- textile materials
- washing
- aqueous liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the invention relates to water-containing liquid detergent preparations for textile materials which contain more than 1% by weight to 10% by weight of the trisodium salt of isoserine-N, N-diacetic acid of the formula I. contain.
- Powdery or liquid detergent preparations in which complexing agents (builder) bind the hardness constituents of the tap water - mainly magnesium and calcium ions - and synergistically improve the washing effect together with the surfactants and soaps used are generally known.
- the phosphates mainly used for this purpose enter the water via the wastewater and are one of the causes of eutrophication.
- inorganic ion exchangers such as zeolites or organic complexing agents such as nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and their alkali metal salts have been proposed, zeolites being less suitable for liquid detergent preparations because of their poor solubility.
- the amount of trisodium salt I based on the total weight of the liquid detergent formulation, is preferably 3 to 8% by weight.
- liquid detergent preparations according to the invention are thus composed approximately as follows: 25 to 30% by weight anionic and non-ionic surfactants 10 to 20% by weight Soap greater than 1 to 10% by weight I as a builder 5 to 15% by weight Assembly aids, e.g. ethanol and polypropylene glycol 25 to 59% by weight water
- stabilizers e.g. di- and / or triethanolamine, citric acid
- enzymes e.g., enzymes, optical brighteners, opacifiers, fragrances and dyes
- fragrances and dyes can be present.
- type of surfactants, soaps and washing aids are known per se to the person skilled in the art; in this regard, reference is also made to the earlier application P 37 12 330.
- Water serves as the solvent base for the liquid detergent preparations, generally in amounts of 25 to 60% by weight.
- the trisodium salt I is particularly advantageous because it is particularly easily biodegradable and therefore does not represent a significant burden on the environment.
- the degree of whiteness of the fabric was determined in relation to the primary washability, the secondary washability and the enzymatic action.
- the degree of whiteness was determined photometrically in the Zeiss Elrepho; The proportion of white light reflected from the tissue (remission) was measured in each case.
- Primary washing capacity means the ability of a detergent to remove dirt (especially greasy dirt) or stains from the fabric.
- the secondary washing ability assesses the prevention of graying Deposition or incrustation of dirt particles and / or insoluble calcium or magnesium salts on the fabric during the washing process.
- the enzymatic effect affects the removal of mainly blood and protein stains.
- the Launder-O-meter from Altas was used as the washing device.
- the washing time was 20 minutes for the 30 ° C. wash or 30 minutes for the 60 ° C. wash. 6 g / l of the liquid detergent preparation were used. The liquor ratio was 1:25.
- non-soiled white test fabric D or E was washed in 3 wash cycles of 30 min each at 60 ° C. with test fabric A or B renewed after each wash cycle with standard soiling. 6 g / l of the liquid detergent preparation were used in each case. The liquor ratio was 1:14 in each case.
- the following table shows the values of the whiteness measurements for primary and secondary washability and enzymatic action with the same liquid detergent base preparation, in each case without builders (a), according to the invention with I (b, d) and for comparison with NTA (c, e) and shows by the higher reflectance values that were achieved with the detergent preparations according to the invention, the improvement in the washing effect also compared to preparations containing NTA in the temperature range from 30 to 60 ° C., particularly in the case of mixed fabrics.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft wasserhaltige flüssige Waschmittelzubereitungen für textile Materialien, die mehr als 1 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-% des Trinatriumsalzes von Isoserin-N,N-diessigsäure der Formel I
Pulverförmige oder flüssige Waschmittelzubereitungen, in denen als Gerüststoffe (Builder) Komplexbildner die Härtebildner des Leitungswassers - hauptsächlich Magnesium- und Calciumionen - binden und synergistisch zusammen mit den eingesetzten Tensiden und Seifen die Waschwirkung verbessern, sind allgemein bekannt.Powdery or liquid detergent preparations in which complexing agents (builder) bind the hardness constituents of the tap water - mainly magnesium and calcium ions - and synergistically improve the washing effect together with the surfactants and soaps used are generally known.
Die für diesen Zweck hauptsächlich verwendeten Phosphate, beispielsweise Pentanatriumtriphosphat, gelangen über das Abwasser in die Gewässer und sind dort Mitverursacher für Eutrophierungserscheinungen. Auf der Suche nach Ersatzstoffen für die Phosphate wurden anorganische Ionenaustauscher wie Zeolithe oder organische Komplexbildner wie Nitrilotriessigsäure (NTA) und deren Alkalimetallsalze vorgeschlagen, wobei Zeolithe wegen ihrer Schwerlöslichkeit für flüssige Waschmittelzubereitungen weniger in Betracht kommen.The phosphates mainly used for this purpose, for example pentasodium triphosphate, enter the water via the wastewater and are one of the causes of eutrophication. In search of substitutes for the phosphates, inorganic ion exchangers such as zeolites or organic complexing agents such as nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and their alkali metal salts have been proposed, zeolites being less suitable for liquid detergent preparations because of their poor solubility.
Auf der Suche nach weiteren Komplexbildnern mit noch günstigeren Eigenschaften wurde gemäß der älteren deutschen Patentanmeldung P 37 12 330 gefunden, daß sich unter anderem das Trinatriumsalz der Isoserin-N,N-diessigsäure (I) gut als Gerüststoff in Waschmitteln eignet. Soweit dort flüssige Waschmittelformulierungen erwähnt werden, wird der Zusatz von in seiner Eigenschaft als Konservierungsmittel empfohlen, und zwar in Mengen von 0,05 bis 1 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Waschmittelformulierung.In the search for further complexing agents with even more favorable properties, it was found according to the older German patent application P 37 12 330 that the trisodium salt of isoserine-N, N-diacetic acid (I) is well suited as a builder in detergents. Insofar as liquid detergent formulations are mentioned, the addition of preservative properties is recommended, in amounts of 0.05 to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the detergent formulation.
Da wasserhaltige flüssige Waschmittelzubereitungen für textile Materialien von zunehmender Bedeutung sind, und da die hierin bisher als Gerüststoffe verwendeten Komplexbildner durch noch weiter verbesserte Produkte ersetzt werden sollten, lagen der vorliegenden Erfindung wirkungsvollere Flüssigwaschmittel als Aufgabe zugrunde.Since water-containing liquid detergent preparations are of increasing importance for textile materials, and since the complexing agents previously used here as builders should be replaced by products which have been improved still further, the object of the present invention was to provide more effective liquid detergents.
Demgemäß wurden die eingangs definierten wasserhaltigen flüssigen Waschmittelzubereitungen gefunden. Hierbei beträgt die Menge des Trinatriumsalzes I, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der flüssigen Waschmittelformulierung, vorzugsweise 3 bis 8 Gew.-%.Accordingly, the aqueous liquid detergent preparations defined at the outset have been found. The amount of trisodium salt I, based on the total weight of the liquid detergent formulation, is preferably 3 to 8% by weight.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Flüssigwaschmittelzubereitungen setzen sich somit etwa wie folgt zusammen:
Ferner können in geringen Mengen Stabilisatoren (z.B. Di- und/oder Triethanolamin, Citronensäure), Enzyme, optische Aufheller, Trübungsmittel, Duftstoffe und Farbstoffe anwesend sein. Die Art der Tenside, Seifen und Waschhilfsstoffe sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt; außerdem sei hier diesbezüglich auf die ältere Anmeldung P 37 12 330 verwiesen. Als Lösungsmittelgrundlage für die flüssigen Waschmittelzubereitungen dient Wasser, und zwar in der Regel in Mengen von 25 bis 60 Gew.-%.In addition, small amounts of stabilizers (e.g. di- and / or triethanolamine, citric acid), enzymes, optical brighteners, opacifiers, fragrances and dyes can be present. The type of surfactants, soaps and washing aids are known per se to the person skilled in the art; in this regard, reference is also made to the earlier application P 37 12 330. Water serves as the solvent base for the liquid detergent preparations, generally in amounts of 25 to 60% by weight.
Das Trinatriumsalz I ist deshalb von besonderem Vorteil, weil es biologisch besonders leicht abbaubar ist und somit für die Umwelt keine nennenswerte Belastung darstellt.The trisodium salt I is particularly advantageous because it is particularly easily biodegradable and therefore does not represent a significant burden on the environment.
- a) x = O (kein Gerüststoff), zum Vergleich
- b) 4 Gew.-% I, erfindungsgemäß
- c) 4 Gew.-% NTA, zum Vergleich
- d) 6 Gew.-% I, erfindungsgemäß
- e) 6 Gew.-% NTA, zum Vergleich
- a) x = O (no builders), for comparison
- b) 4% by weight of I, according to the invention
- c) 4 wt% NTA, for comparison
- d) 6 wt .-% I, according to the invention
- e) 6 wt% NTA, for comparison
Für die Waschtests wurden folgende Testgewebe verwendet:
- A: Polyester-Gewebe 30D der Wäschereiforschung Krefeld (DE) mit Standardanschmutzung
- B: Polyester-Baumwoll-Gewebe 20D der Wäschereiforschung Krefeld (DE) mit Standardanschmutzung
- C: Polyester-Baumwoll-Gewebe 104 des Eidgenössischen Materialprüfungsamtes St. Gallen (CH) mit Standardanschmutzung
- D: handelsübliches Polyester-Gewebe (ohne Anschmutzung)
- E: handelsübliches Polyester-Baumwoll-Gewebe (ohne Anschmutzung)
- F: Baumwoll-Gewebe 116 des Eidgenössischen Materialprüfungsamtes St. Gallen (CH) mit Eiweiß-, Blut- und Tusche-Anschmutzung
- A: Laundry research Krefeld (DE) polyester fabric 30D with standard soiling
- B: Laundry research Krefeld (DE) polyester cotton fabric 20D with standard soiling
- C: Polyester-cotton fabric 104 from the Federal Material Testing Office St. Gallen (CH) with standard soiling
- D: commercially available polyester fabric (without soiling)
- E: commercially available polyester-cotton fabric (without soiling)
- F: Cotton fabric 116 from the Swiss Federal Material Testing Office St. Gallen (CH) with protein, blood and ink stains
Ermittelt wurde jeweils der Weißgrad des Gewebes bezüglich des Primärwaschvermögens, des Sekundärwaschvermögens und der enzymatischen Wirkung.The degree of whiteness of the fabric was determined in relation to the primary washability, the secondary washability and the enzymatic action.
Der Weißgrad wurde photometrisch im Elrepho der Firma Zeiss bestimmt; gemessen wurde jeweils der Anteil des vom Gewebe zurückgestrahlten weißen Lichtes (Remission).The degree of whiteness was determined photometrically in the Zeiss Elrepho; The proportion of white light reflected from the tissue (remission) was measured in each case.
Unter Primärwaschvermögen versteht man die Fähigkeit eines Waschmittels, Schmutz (insbesondere Fettschmutz) oder Flecken vom Gewebe zu entfernen. Das Sekundärwaschvermögen beurteilt die Verhinderung der Vergrauung durch Ablagerung oder Inkrustierung von Schmutzpartikeln und/oder unlöslichen Calcium- bzw. Magnesiumsalzen auf dem Gewebe beim Waschvorgang. Die enzymatische Wirkung betrifft die Entfernung von hauptsächlich Blut- und Eiweißverschmutzungen.Primary washing capacity means the ability of a detergent to remove dirt (especially greasy dirt) or stains from the fabric. The secondary washing ability assesses the prevention of graying Deposition or incrustation of dirt particles and / or insoluble calcium or magnesium salts on the fabric during the washing process. The enzymatic effect affects the removal of mainly blood and protein stains.
Folgende Waschbedingungen wurden angewendet:The following washing conditions were used:
Als Waschgerät wurde das Launder-O-meter der Firma Altas verwendet. Die Wasserhärte des Waschwassers betrug 16,8°d =̂3 mmol Ca²⁺/l (Ca²⁺ : Mg²⁺ = 3 : 2).The Launder-O-meter from Altas was used as the washing device. The water hardness of the wash water was 16.8 ° d = ̂3 mmol Ca²⁺ / l (Ca²⁺: Mg²⁺ = 3: 2).
Zur Überprüfung des Primärwaschvermögens an den Testgeweben A bis C wurde 1 Waschzyklus durchlaufen, die Waschzeit betrug 20 min bei der 30°C-Wäsche bzw. 30 min bei der 60°C-Wäsche. Es wurden 6 g/l der flüssigen Waschmittelzubereitung eingesetzt. Das Flottenverhältnis betrug 1 : 25.To check the primary washing power on test fabrics A to C, one washing cycle was run through, the washing time was 20 minutes for the 30 ° C. wash or 30 minutes for the 60 ° C. wash. 6 g / l of the liquid detergent preparation were used. The liquor ratio was 1:25.
Für die Ermittlung des Sekundärwaschvermögens wurde nicht verschmutztes weißes Testgewebe D oder E jeweils in 3 Waschzyklen von je 30 min bei 60°C mit nach jedem Waschzyklus erneuertem Testgewebe A bzw. B mit Standardanschmutzung gewaschen. Es wurden jeweils 6 g/l der flüssigen Waschmittelzubereitung verwendet. Das Flottenverhältnis betrug jeweils 1 : 14.To determine the secondary washing capacity, non-soiled white test fabric D or E was washed in 3 wash cycles of 30 min each at 60 ° C. with test fabric A or B renewed after each wash cycle with standard soiling. 6 g / l of the liquid detergent preparation were used in each case. The liquor ratio was 1:14 in each case.
Zur Überprüfung der enzymatischen Wirkung am Testgewebe F wurde 1 Waschzyklus bei 60°C durchlaufen, die Waschzeit betrug 30 min. Es wurden 7 g/l der flüssigen Waschmittelzubereitung verwendet. Das Flottenverhältnis betrug 1 : 50To check the enzymatic effect on test fabric F, 1 wash cycle was run at 60 ° C., the washing time was 30 min. 7 g / l of the liquid detergent preparation were used. The liquor ratio was 1:50
Die folgende Tabelle stellt die Werte der Weißgradmessungen für Primär- und Sekundärwaschvermögen und enzymatische Wirkung mit der gleichen flüssigen Waschmittelgrundzubereitung jeweils ohne Gerüststoff (a), erfindungsgemäß mit I (b, d) und zum Vergleich mit NTA (c, e) dar und zeigt durch die höheren Remissionswerte, die mit den erfindungsgemäßen Waschmittelzubereitungen erreicht wurden, die Verbesserung der Waschwirkung auch gegenüber NTA-haltigen Zubereitungen im Temperaturbereich von 30 bis 60°C, insbesondere bei Mischgeweben, deutlich auf.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3830536 | 1988-09-08 | ||
DE3830536A DE3830536A1 (en) | 1988-09-08 | 1988-09-08 | WATER-LIQUID DETERGENT PREPARATIONS FOR TEXTILE MATERIALS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0358106A2 true EP0358106A2 (en) | 1990-03-14 |
EP0358106A3 EP0358106A3 (en) | 1990-04-11 |
Family
ID=6362533
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89116066A Withdrawn EP0358106A3 (en) | 1988-09-08 | 1989-08-31 | Aqueous liquid detergent compositions for textile materials |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0358106A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH02113096A (en) |
KR (1) | KR900004927A (en) |
AU (1) | AU4116089A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3830536A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0511091A1 (en) * | 1991-04-25 | 1992-10-28 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Hard surface cleaner |
EP0513948A2 (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-19 | Hampshire Chemical Corporation | Hard-surface cleaning compositions containing biodegradable chelants |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3925727A1 (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1991-02-07 | Basf Ag | USE OF 2-HYDROXY-3-AMINOPROPIONSAFE DERIVATIVES AS COMPLEX BUILDERS, BLEACHING STABILIZERS AND TABLETS IN WASHING AND CLEANING AGENTS |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2177800A1 (en) * | 1972-03-27 | 1973-11-09 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Alkaline detergent compsns - for iminodiacetates as complex-forming agents |
EP0287846A1 (en) * | 1987-04-11 | 1988-10-26 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | 2-Hydroxy-3-amino-propionic-acid-N,N-diacetic acid and its derivatives, their preparation and their use, particularly as complexing agents, and detergents containing them |
-
1988
- 1988-09-08 DE DE3830536A patent/DE3830536A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-08-31 EP EP89116066A patent/EP0358106A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-09-06 JP JP1229471A patent/JPH02113096A/en active Pending
- 1989-09-07 KR KR1019890012914A patent/KR900004927A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-09-07 AU AU41160/89A patent/AU4116089A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2177800A1 (en) * | 1972-03-27 | 1973-11-09 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Alkaline detergent compsns - for iminodiacetates as complex-forming agents |
EP0287846A1 (en) * | 1987-04-11 | 1988-10-26 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | 2-Hydroxy-3-amino-propionic-acid-N,N-diacetic acid and its derivatives, their preparation and their use, particularly as complexing agents, and detergents containing them |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0511091A1 (en) * | 1991-04-25 | 1992-10-28 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Hard surface cleaner |
GR1001376B (en) * | 1991-04-25 | 1993-10-29 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Detergent for rough surfaces. |
EP0513948A2 (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-19 | Hampshire Chemical Corporation | Hard-surface cleaning compositions containing biodegradable chelants |
EP0513948A3 (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1993-04-21 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. (A Connecticut Corp.) | Hard-surface cleaning compositions containing biodegradable chelants |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR900004927A (en) | 1990-04-13 |
EP0358106A3 (en) | 1990-04-11 |
DE3830536A1 (en) | 1990-03-15 |
JPH02113096A (en) | 1990-04-25 |
AU4116089A (en) | 1990-03-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0203486B1 (en) | Detergent with dye and brightener transfer inhibiting additives | |
DE2215371C2 (en) | laundry detergent | |
EP0197434B1 (en) | Rinsing agents for use in mechanical dish washing | |
EP0272574B1 (en) | Mixtures of liquid non-ionic surfactants | |
US4321167A (en) | Heavy duty liquid detergent compositions containing alkoxylated alkylene diamines and fatty acids | |
DE4029777A1 (en) | LIQUID, NON-TENSID COMBINATION WITH IMPROVED CELL TESTABILITY | |
DE2948921A1 (en) | LOW PHOSPHATE LAUNDRY DETERGENTS | |
EP0457155B1 (en) | Carboxylate-ether derivatives of alkylmono- and alkylpolyglucosides, process for their preparation and their use | |
DE4139826A1 (en) | WASHING AND CLEANING AGENT | |
EP0541523A1 (en) | Paste-like, phosphate-free detergent with reduced frothing tendency. | |
DE1617172B2 (en) | Soap compositions | |
DE69628239T2 (en) | Washing composition and use of polymer for cleaning and dirt resistance of an article | |
DE2409457A1 (en) | DETERGENT COMPOSITION | |
CH684485A5 (en) | Liquid detergent. | |
DE3623942A1 (en) | STABILIZED, ENZYMED LIQUID DETERGENT | |
DE1767682A1 (en) | Detergent and cleaning agent mixtures | |
EP0358106A2 (en) | Aqueous liquid detergent compositions for textile materials | |
DE2544242A1 (en) | METHOD OF WASHING TEXTILES, AND MEANS OF CARRYING OUT THE METHOD | |
DE2219620C2 (en) | Liquid heavy duty detergent | |
EP0395970B1 (en) | Washing and cleaning compositions | |
DE3807921A1 (en) | ACTIVATOR FOR INORGANIC PERCENTAGES | |
DE2152141B2 (en) | Liquid detergent | |
DE3516091A1 (en) | NO-SALT-FREE LIQUID DETERGENT WITH TEXTILE SOFTENING PROPERTIES | |
EP0407626A1 (en) | Phosphate-free liquid washing and cleaning composition | |
DE2903979A1 (en) | Hydroxy-carboxylic acid amide derivs. - prepd. by acylating hydroxyalkyl alkylene di:amine and used as greying inhibitors in detergent compsns. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900303 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19920522 |