EP0354228A1 - Biopsy needle - Google Patents

Biopsy needle

Info

Publication number
EP0354228A1
EP0354228A1 EP89901127A EP89901127A EP0354228A1 EP 0354228 A1 EP0354228 A1 EP 0354228A1 EP 89901127 A EP89901127 A EP 89901127A EP 89901127 A EP89901127 A EP 89901127A EP 0354228 A1 EP0354228 A1 EP 0354228A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flap
plunger
tissue
slot
biopsy needle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89901127A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Raja Ganapathy Ogirala
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Coats Viyella Medical Ltd
Original Assignee
Coats Viyella Medical Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Coats Viyella Medical Ltd filed Critical Coats Viyella Medical Ltd
Publication of EP0354228A1 publication Critical patent/EP0354228A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
    • A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
    • A61B10/0266—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments means for severing sample
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320725—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with radially expandable cutting or abrading elements

Definitions

  • the subject of this invention is a needle for performing biopsies i.e. for removal of pieces of tissue from human or animal bodies.
  • the needle which is the subject of this application is of particular use in performing pleural biopsies.
  • Needles for performing biopsies are already well known and such known needles normally comprise a probe which carries near the distal end a scoop projecting from the side of the probe, a biopsy being performed by inserting the probe through an incision made in the skin and pressing the probe into the body far enough for the scoop to reach the portion of the body from which a portion is to be removed. The probe is then withdrawn, the scoop entraining a portion of the tissue of the body and as the probe is removed this portion of tissue held by the scoop is brought back out for medical examination.
  • the known biopsy needles suffer from the disadvantage that their results are extremely unpredictable and in fact usually a suitable portion of tissue is removed in little more than 70% of such biopsy operations. Even when a satisfactory portion of tissue is removed this frequently is accompanied by a piece of unwanted tissue. Also the probe may cause more damage than necessary to surrounding tissue and if the tissue sample obtained is unsatisfactory the needle must be re-inserted into the body and a fresh attempt made to obtain a satisfactory tissue sample.
  • a biopsy needle according to the invention incorporates an elongated body pointed at one end and a tissue-removing edge directed backwardly from the pointed end and is characterized in that the tissue-removing edge is formed on a flap supported by the body and movable between a retracted position in which the tissue-removing edge lies within the lateral confines of the body and an extended position in which the tissue-removing edge lies beyond the lateral confines of the body.
  • the proximal end of the needle i.e. the end remote from the pointed end, may be formed as a handle supporting operating means coupled to the flap and operative to move the flap from the retracted position to the extended position and vice versa.
  • the operating means may include locking means to lock the flap in the chosen position.
  • the flap may be formed as a flat flap or may be curved in the form of a scoop.
  • the tissue-removing edge may be formed as a straight edge or may be formed with serrations.
  • the tubular body may be circular or elliptical or polygonal in cross section.
  • the flap may be mounted on a plunger slidable within the tubular body the wall of which in this construction is formed with an aperture with which the flap may be brought into register by an appropriate sliding movement of the plunger.
  • the flap may be pivoted at one end to the plunger and may be spring-urged to swing outwardly from the plunger, the tissue-removing edge being at the end of the flap remote from the pivot.
  • the flap is formed of spring material, is formed at one end with the tissue- removing edge and is attached at the other end to the plunger, the flap being shaped to tend to spring outwardly from the plunger.
  • the interior of the tubular body may have a circular cross section and the plunger may be rotatable as well as slidable in the tubular body.
  • the handle may be tubular and may thereupon be formed with a slot having two axially disposed portions circumferentially spaced and connected at their distal ends by a circumferential portion, one of the axially disposed slot portions being open at its proximal end, and the plunger presents a pin engaging the slot, the position of the pin on the plunger and the positions of the various portions of the slot with respect to the tubular body being such that when the pin on the plunger is engaged with the open ended axial portion of the slot the flap is circumferentially displaced from the aperture in the tubular body.
  • the length of said axial portion is such that when the pin is at the distal end of the slot portion the flap is nearer the distal end of the tubular body than the aperture while being still circumferentially displaced from the aperture.
  • Rotating the plunger so that the pin moves along the circumferential portion of the slot to the end where it joins the axial portion of the slot brings the flap into line with the aperture although the flap is still nearer the distal end of the tubular body than the aperture, then retracting the plunger along said other axial portion of the slot towards the proximal end of the slot brings the flap into register with the aperture in the tubular body and frees the flap to swing out and project through the aperture.
  • the pointed tip on the needle may be formed on the distal end of the tubular body which has then a closed distal end or may be formed on the distal end of the plunger whereupon the distal end of the tubular body is open to allow the pointed end of the plunger to protrude when the needle is being inserted.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a tubular body portion of the needle
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a plunger movable" through the tubular body portion
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an assembled biopsy needle with the flap in the extended position
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the distal end of the plunger.
  • FIG. 1 denotes a tubular body formed with a slot 2 in the wall near the distal end of the body 1 and 3 denotes a handle attached to the tube 1, the handle 3 being formed with a slot with two axial portions 4 and 5 joined at the distal ends of the slots by a circumferential portion 6.
  • 7 denotes a plunger slidable through the tubular body portion 1, the plunger being pointed as at 8 at the distal end and carrying a flap 9 pivoted at 10 to the plunger 7.
  • the flap 9 is accommodated in a recess 11 in the p l u n g e r 7 large enough to hold the flap 9 within the diametral confines of the plunger 7 when the flap is folded downwardly towards the plunger 7.
  • the flap is normally urged by a spring 12 (Fig. 4) to move to the extended position as illustrated.
  • the plunger presents a pin 13 engageable with the slot constituted by the portions 4, 5 and
  • the plunger is now in a position in which the flap9 is nearer the distal end of the body portion 1 than the slot 2 but is still retained in its retracted position by the wall of the tubular body portion 1.
  • the plunger 7 is now rotated to cause the pin 13 to move along the circumferential slot 6 until it is opposite the slot portion 5.
  • the flap 9 is in line with the slot 2 in the body portion 1 although still nearer the distal end of the body portion 1 than the slot 2 and still retained in its retracted position.
  • the needle with the flap 9 out of register with the slot 2 is entered into the organ from which a tissue sample is to be taken through an incision made in the skin and when the distal end is at the position in the body where a sample is to be taken the movements described above to cause the flap 9 to protrude from the body portion 1 are performed. Thereupon the needle is withdrawn for a short distance to cause the flap 9 to remove and entrain a portion of the tissue of the organ. The plunger 7 is now advanced again towards the distal end of the body portion. The pin 13 is moved along the slot portion 5 up to the circumferential slot 6. This again causes the flap 9 to come against the forward end of the slot 2 and to retract and enter the recess 11, taking with it the portion of tissue removed.
  • the plunger is then rotated so that the pin 13 moves along the circumferential slot 6 until it is opposite the slot portion 5. This again brings the retracted flap 9 out of alignment with the slot 2 in the body portion 1.
  • the plunger 7 may then be withdrawn completely from the body po rt i on 1 , t h e p i n 1 2 movi ng a lo n g a n d out o f the slot portion 5.
  • Complete removal of the plunger 7 brings with it the portion of tissue removed by the flap 9 Leaving the body portion 1 still projecting into the organ.
  • the sample removed by the flap 9 may now be examined. If it is satisfactory the body portion 1 may be removed from the body without further damage to the body.
  • the plunger 7 may be re-inserted as before and a fresh sample taken. It may be desired to take several samples at different depths in the body. This can be done merely by pressing the needle different distances into the body. All this may be done as an operation with only one insertion of the needle so that the minimum of damage is done to the organ and at the same time the samples removed can be seen to be completely satisfactory for clinical purposes before the needle is removed.

Abstract

Une aiguille biopsique, servant à prélever un fragment de tissu sur un corps humain ou sur un animal, comprend un corps allongé (1) dont une extrémité est pointue et un bord de prélèvement de tissu dirigé vers l'arrière depuis l'extrémité pointue est formé sur un rabat (9) lequel est soutenu par le corps (1) et peut se déplacer entre une position rentrée, dans laquelle le bord de prélèvement de tissu est compris dans les limites latérales du corps (1), et une position déployée dans laquelle le bord de prélèvement de tissu s'étend au-delà des limites latérales du corps (1). Le rabat (9) est monté sur un plongeur (7) qui peut coulisser et tourner à l'intérieur du corps (1) dont la paroi est munie d'une ouverture (2) sur laquelle le rabat est aligné par mouvement du plongeur (7). On utilise l'aiguille en l'introduisant dans le tissu, en déployant le rabat pour entraîner un fragment de tissu en rentrant le rabat et en retirant le plongeur du corps, entraînant ainsi avec lui le fragment de tissu.A biopsy needle, used to remove a piece of tissue from a human body or animal, includes an elongated body (1) with one end pointed and a tissue collecting edge directed backward from the pointed end is formed on a flap (9) which is supported by the body (1) and can move between a stowed position, in which the tissue-taking edge is included within the lateral limits of the body (1), and a deployed position in which the tissue sampling edge extends beyond the lateral limits of the body (1). The flap (9) is mounted on a plunger (7) which can slide and rotate inside the body (1), the wall of which is provided with an opening (2) on which the flap is aligned by movement of the plunger ( 7). The needle is used by inserting it into the tissue, deploying the flap to entrain a piece of tissue by tucking the flap in and removing the plunger from the body, thereby dragging the piece of tissue with it.

Description

BIOPSY NEEDLE
The subject of this invention is a needle for performing biopsies i.e. for removal of pieces of tissue from human or animal bodies. The needle which is the subject of this application is of particular use in performing pleural biopsies.
Needles for performing biopsies are already well known and such known needles normally comprise a probe which carries near the distal end a scoop projecting from the side of the probe, a biopsy being performed by inserting the probe through an incision made in the skin and pressing the probe into the body far enough for the scoop to reach the portion of the body from which a portion is to be removed. The probe is then withdrawn, the scoop entraining a portion of the tissue of the body and as the probe is removed this portion of tissue held by the scoop is brought back out for medical examination. The known biopsy needles suffer from the disadvantage that their results are extremely unpredictable and in fact usually a suitable portion of tissue is removed in little more than 70% of such biopsy operations. Even when a satisfactory portion of tissue is removed this frequently is accompanied by a piece of unwanted tissue. Also the probe may cause more damage than necessary to surrounding tissue and if the tissue sample obtained is unsatisfactory the needle must be re-inserted into the body and a fresh attempt made to obtain a satisfactory tissue sample.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a biopsy needle which gives a high, degree of success in removing satisfactory samples at a first attempt, a success rate normally well above 90% and which will readily remove cleanly a sample of wanted tissue without dragging with it portions of unwanted tissue.
A biopsy needle according to the invention incorporates an elongated body pointed at one end and a tissue-removing edge directed backwardly from the pointed end and is characterized in that the tissue-removing edge is formed on a flap supported by the body and movable between a retracted position in which the tissue-removing edge lies within the lateral confines of the body and an extended position in which the tissue-removing edge lies beyond the lateral confines of the body.
The proximal end of the needle, i.e. the end remote from the pointed end, may be formed as a handle supporting operating means coupled to the flap and operative to move the flap from the retracted position to the extended position and vice versa.
The operating means may include locking means to lock the flap in the chosen position.
The flap may be formed as a flat flap or may be curved in the form of a scoop.
The tissue-removing edge may be formed as a straight edge or may be formed with serrations.
The tubular body may be circular or elliptical or polygonal in cross section.
The flap may be mounted on a plunger slidable within the tubular body the wall of which in this construction is formed with an aperture with which the flap may be brought into register by an appropriate sliding movement of the plunger. The flap may be pivoted at one end to the plunger and may be spring-urged to swing outwardly from the plunger, the tissue-removing edge being at the end of the flap remote from the pivot. In one alternative construction the flap is formed of spring material, is formed at one end with the tissue- removing edge and is attached at the other end to the plunger, the flap being shaped to tend to spring outwardly from the plunger.
The interior of the tubular body may have a circular cross section and the plunger may be rotatable as well as slidable in the tubular body.
The handle may be tubular and may thereupon be formed with a slot having two axially disposed portions circumferentially spaced and connected at their distal ends by a circumferential portion, one of the axially disposed slot portions being open at its proximal end, and the plunger presents a pin engaging the slot, the position of the pin on the plunger and the positions of the various portions of the slot with respect to the tubular body being such that when the pin on the plunger is engaged with the open ended axial portion of the slot the flap is circumferentially displaced from the aperture in the tubular body. The length of said axial portion is such that when the pin is at the distal end of the slot portion the flap is nearer the distal end of the tubular body than the aperture while being still circumferentially displaced from the aperture. Rotating the plunger so that the pin moves along the circumferential portion of the slot to the end where it joins the axial portion of the slot brings the flap into line with the aperture although the flap is still nearer the distal end of the tubular body than the aperture, then retracting the plunger along said other axial portion of the slot towards the proximal end of the slot brings the flap into register with the aperture in the tubular body and frees the flap to swing out and project through the aperture.
The pointed tip on the needle may be formed on the distal end of the tubular body which has then a closed distal end or may be formed on the distal end of the plunger whereupon the distal end of the tubular body is open to allow the pointed end of the plunger to protrude when the needle is being inserted.
A practical embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 illustrates a tubular body portion of the needle, Fig. 2 illustrates a plunger movable" through the tubular body portion. Fig. 3 illustrates an assembled biopsy needle with the flap in the extended position and Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the distal end of the plunger.
In the drawings 1 denotes a tubular body formed with a slot 2 in the wall near the distal end of the body 1 and 3 denotes a handle attached to the tube 1, the handle 3 being formed with a slot with two axial portions 4 and 5 joined at the distal ends of the slots by a circumferential portion 6. 7 denotes a plunger slidable through the tubular body portion 1, the plunger being pointed as at 8 at the distal end and carrying a flap 9 pivoted at 10 to the plunger 7. The flap 9 is accommodated in a recess 11 in the p l u n g e r 7 large enough to hold the flap 9 within the diametral confines of the plunger 7 when the flap is folded downwardly towards the plunger 7. The flap is normally urged by a spring 12 (Fig. 4) to move to the extended position as illustrated. The plunger presents a pin 13 engageable with the slot constituted by the portions 4, 5 and
6 in the handle of the body portion 1. The arrangement of the pin 13 and of the slot 4, 5, 6 being such that when the plunger 7 is inserted into the body portion 1 and moved towards the distal end of the body portion 1, in the initial act of entering the plunger 7 into the body portion 1 the flap is forced to move into the recess 11 as the distal end of the plunger 7 moves through the body portion 1 towards the distal end of the body portion 1. The plunger 7 is rotated to cause the pin 13 to enter the slot portion 4. In this orientation of the plunger 7 the flap 9 is out of line with the slot 2 in the body portion 1, i.e. it is displaced circumferentially from the slot 2. As the plunger 7 is advanced to the position where the pin 13 comes against the distal end of the slot portion 4 adjacent the slot portion
6 the plunger is now in a position in which the flap9 is nearer the distal end of the body portion 1 than the slot 2 but is still retained in its retracted position by the wall of the tubular body portion 1. The plunger 7 is now rotated to cause the pin 13 to move along the circumferential slot 6 until it is opposite the slot portion 5. In this position the flap 9 is in line with the slot 2 in the body portion 1 although still nearer the distal end of the body portion 1 than the slot 2 and still retained in its retracted position. Withdrawal of the plunger
7 causing the pin to move along the slot portion 5 causes the flap 9 to move back from the distal end of the body portion 1 until it now registers with the slot 2 in the body portion 1 whereupon the spring 12 causes the flap 9 to extend out t.hrough- the slot 2.
In performing a biopsy the needle with the flap 9 out of register with the slot 2 is entered into the organ from which a tissue sample is to be taken through an incision made in the skin and when the distal end is at the position in the body where a sample is to be taken the movements described above to cause the flap 9 to protrude from the body portion 1 are performed. Thereupon the needle is withdrawn for a short distance to cause the flap 9 to remove and entrain a portion of the tissue of the organ. The plunger 7 is now advanced again towards the distal end of the body portion. The pin 13 is moved along the slot portion 5 up to the circumferential slot 6. This again causes the flap 9 to come against the forward end of the slot 2 and to retract and enter the recess 11, taking with it the portion of tissue removed. The plunger is then rotated so that the pin 13 moves along the circumferential slot 6 until it is opposite the slot portion 5. This again brings the retracted flap 9 out of alignment with the slot 2 in the body portion 1. The plunger 7 may then be withdrawn completely from the body po rt i on 1 , t h e p i n 1 2 movi ng a lo n g a n d out o f the slot portion 5. Complete removal of the plunger 7 brings with it the portion of tissue removed by the flap 9 Leaving the body portion 1 still projecting into the organ. The sample removed by the flap 9 may now be examined. If it is satisfactory the body portion 1 may be removed from the body without further damage to the body. If the portion of tissue removed is not satisfactory the plunger 7 may be re-inserted as before and a fresh sample taken. It may be desired to take several samples at different depths in the body. This can be done merely by pressing the needle different distances into the body. All this may be done as an operation with only one insertion of the needle so that the minimum of damage is done to the organ and at the same time the samples removed can be seen to be completely satisfactory for clinical purposes before the needle is removed.

Claims

1. A biopsy needle incorporating an elongated body (1) pointed at one end and a tissue-removing edge directed backwardly from the pointed end characterized in that the tissue-removing edge is formed on a flap (9) supported by the body (1) and movable between a retracted position in which the tissue-removing edge lies within the lateral confines of the body (1) and an extended position in which the tissue-removing edge lies beyond the lateral confines of the body (1).
2. A biopsy needle according to claim 1, characterized in that the proximal end of the needle, i.e. the end remote from the pointed end, is formed as a handle (3) supporting operating means (7) coupled to the flap (9) and operative to move the flap from the retracted position to the extended position and vice versa.
3. A biopsy needle according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated body (1) is tubular and has a circular cross section and the plunger (7) is rotatable as well as slidable in the tubular body (1).
4. A biopsy needle according to claim 1, characterized in that the flap (9) is mounted on a plunger (7) slidable within the tubular body
(1) the wall of which is formed with an aperture
(2) with which the flap may be brought into register by an appropriate sliding movement of the plunger (7).
5. A biopsy needle according to claim
4, characterized in that the flap (9) is spring-urged to swing outwardly from the plunger, the tissue-removing edge being at the end of the flap remote from the pivot (10).
6. A biopsy needle according to claim 4, characterized in that the flat (9) is of spring material, is formed at one end with the tissue-removing edge and is attached at the other end to the plunger (7), the flap being shaped to tend to spring outwardly from the plunger.
7. A biopsy needle according to claim
2, characterized in that the handle (3) is tubular and formed with a slot (4, 5, 6) having two axially disposed portions (4 and 5) circumferentially spaced and connected at their distal ends by a circumferential portion (6), one of the axially disposed slot portions (4) being open at its proximal end, and the plunger (7) presents a pin (13) engaging the slot, the position of the pin (13) on the plunger (7) and the positions of the various portions of the slot with respect to the tubular body (1) being such that when the pin (13) on the plunger is engaged with the open ended axial portion (4) of the slot the flap (9) is circumferentially displaced from the aperture (2) in the tubular body and when the pin (13) is engaged with the other axial portion (5) of the slot the flap (9) is in line with the aperture (2) in the tubular body and is movable into register with the aperture (2).
8. A biopsy needle according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating means includes locking means to lock the flap (9) in the chosen position.
9. A biopsy needle according to claim 1, characterized in that the flap (9) is curved in the form of a scoop.
10. A biopsy needle according to claim 1, characterized in that the tissue-removing edge is formed with serrations.
EP89901127A 1987-12-19 1988-12-19 Biopsy needle Withdrawn EP0354228A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8729648 1987-12-19
GB878729648A GB8729648D0 (en) 1987-12-19 1987-12-19 Biopsy needle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0354228A1 true EP0354228A1 (en) 1990-02-14

Family

ID=10628756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89901127A Withdrawn EP0354228A1 (en) 1987-12-19 1988-12-19 Biopsy needle

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0354228A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2919689A (en)
GB (1) GB8729648D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1989005608A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA889329B (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5224488A (en) * 1992-08-31 1993-07-06 Neuffer Francis H Biopsy needle with extendable cutting means
US5687739A (en) * 1995-12-06 1997-11-18 Interventional Concepts, Inc. Biopsy specimen cutter
US6280450B1 (en) * 1997-07-24 2001-08-28 Rex Medical, Lp Breast surgery method and apparatus
US6626903B2 (en) 1997-07-24 2003-09-30 Rex Medical, L.P. Surgical biopsy device
WO2002062226A1 (en) * 2001-02-05 2002-08-15 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Biopsy apparatus and method
EP3110336B1 (en) 2014-02-28 2018-11-28 3DBiopsy, Inc. Biopsy needle assembly
US20160030019A1 (en) * 2014-07-31 2016-02-04 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Scooper core needle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1867624A (en) * 1930-04-01 1932-07-19 Memorial Hospital For The Trea Device for obtaining biopsy specimens
US3175554A (en) * 1963-03-26 1965-03-30 Becton Dickinson Co Split biopsy needle
DE3148306A1 (en) * 1981-12-03 1983-06-30 Karl Fritz 1000 Berlin Reich Hollow needle set with system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8905608A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA889329B (en) 1989-11-29
WO1989005608A1 (en) 1989-06-29
GB8729648D0 (en) 1988-02-03
AU2919689A (en) 1989-07-19

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