EP0352924A2 - Induktive Anordnung - Google Patents

Induktive Anordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352924A2
EP0352924A2 EP89306889A EP89306889A EP0352924A2 EP 0352924 A2 EP0352924 A2 EP 0352924A2 EP 89306889 A EP89306889 A EP 89306889A EP 89306889 A EP89306889 A EP 89306889A EP 0352924 A2 EP0352924 A2 EP 0352924A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
current path
link
post
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89306889A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0352924A3 (de
Inventor
Walter Steven Duspiva
John Brian Gillett
James Harold Spreen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of EP0352924A2 publication Critical patent/EP0352924A2/de
Publication of EP0352924A3 publication Critical patent/EP0352924A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/10—Single-phase transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F2027/408—Association with diode or rectifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H01F38/30—Constructions
    • H01F2038/305—Constructions with toroidal magnetic core

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an inductive device and more particularly, but not exclusively, to an electrical transformer.
  • an electrical transformer comprises a magnetic flux path defining core, and input and output windings linking the flux carried by that core, with the input to output transformation (voltage and current) being determined by the turns ratio of the input and output windings.
  • input to output transformation voltage and current
  • output winding consisting of a single turn for ease of fabrication.
  • the secondary may be made from thick bar-like conductor material which is impractical to form into multiple turns.
  • a well-known example is a "bridge transformer" having a primary connected in first and opposite directions, in alternation, across a d.c. bulk voltage source, and a secondary winding having a centre tap connected to one side of the load, such as ground, and winding ends connected through respective diodes to the other side of the load to supply the same in push-push fashion.
  • a bridge transformer having a primary connected in first and opposite directions, in alternation, across a d.c. bulk voltage source, and a secondary winding having a centre tap connected to one side of the load, such as ground, and winding ends connected through respective diodes to the other side of the load to supply the same in push-push fashion.
  • the required connections to the secondary in a manner whereby they do not interfere mechanically or electrically with each other and wherein the diodes are packaged close to the secondary winding structure.
  • the three connections exiting together from a conventional bridge transformer make it very difficult to contain the entire diode-diode commutate current loop within
  • the invention seeks to provide an inductive device which enables a transformer to be made which does not suffer from the above described deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the invention provides an inductive device comprising an electrical conductor and a magnetic core wound more than once around the conductor.
  • a preferred application of the invention is a transformer consisting of an inductive device as defined in the preceding paragraph, the conductor around which the magnetic core is wound more than once serving as the secondary current path of the transformer and the device being provided with a primary current path to induce magnetic flux in the core.
  • FIG. 1 shows this principle of operation.
  • a voltage source 10 (V in ) is connected by a conductor 12 to a primary winding 14 of N1 turns wrapped around a portion of a shaped ferrite core 16.
  • the magnetic core 16 has a plurality of turns 18 wrapped around a single turn secondary conductor 20, the output ends of which are connected via conductors 22 to a load 24 to deliver V out thereto.
  • V out (N2/N1) V in , where N1 equals the number of turns in the primary winding 14 and N2 equals the number of turns 18 of the ferrite core around the single turn secondary "winding" 20.
  • V out would equal N3 (N2/N1) V in , N1 being the number of primary turns and N2 being the number of turns of the core around the secondary winding.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded isometric view of a bridge transformer embodying the invention and using a two-turn core.
  • Fig. 3 is an electrical and magnetic flux path diagram corresponding to the core and conductor arrangement of Fig. 2, and shows in addition, a full bridge drive circuit for the primary winding thereof.
  • the rectifiers 110, 112, the output filter inductor 114, the capacitor 116, and the load 118 are all conventional output circuit elements insofar as their electrical function is concerned.
  • the primary circuit, not shown in Fig. 2 could be a full bridge as in Fig. 3 or some other suitable circuit for symmetric drive.
  • the secondary conductor loop 130 encloses two core posts 152 and 156, excludes two core posts 154 and 158, and is in one plane. It connects to the output circuit through the rectifiers 110, 112 at one end, and through the centre tap connection 132 at the other end.
  • the rectifiers 110, 112 make contact with the bottom of conductor loop 130 at the areas indicated by the dotted circles at 172, 174.
  • the other rectifier contact is to conductor 178, which provides a bus connection to the external circuit. The details and advantages of this rectifier arrangement are described later.
  • the primary winding 140 encloses the same core posts 152 and 156 as the secondary loop 130, and is of the same general shape as the secondary conductor 130.
  • the winding 140 may be formed in pancake style, one conductor thick.
  • the core elements 120, 122, 124, 126 mate at their core post faces to form a single continuous zig-zag shaped flux path twice linking the secondary 130 and providing a window to receive and link the primary winding 140.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the operation of the structure of Fig. 2 in a full bridge driven, pulse width modulated, push-push output power supply.
  • a pulse width modulating (PWM) control 210 operates first and second pairs of transistor switches 212, 214 and 216, 218 to conduct alternately, first one pair and then the other.
  • a bulk DC supply VB is connected via the first pair of transistor switches 212, 214 to pass, when 212 and 214 conduct, primary current I1, through the primary winding 140. This sets up flux ⁇ , in core turn A, and in core turn B in series therewith, thereby inducing a voltage V1 in each half of secondary 130, resulting in a current I3 in one half through diode 110.
  • a sense line 220 connects the output terminals at the load 118 to the PWM control 210.
  • the PWM control can be any of many well-known kinds, such as free-running (demand) or oscillator driven, and will usually include a reference for comparison to the output voltage sensed via line 220.
  • PWM control 210 turns the first pair of switches 212, 214 OFF and after a controlled delay turns the second pair 216, 218 ON to deliver a second current pulse I2 to the primary winding 140, in the direction opposite to that of the first current I1.
  • This sets up flux ⁇ 2 in both core turns A and B of the magnetic circuit defined by the core elements 120, 122, 124, 126 of the structure shown in Fig. 2).
  • the increase of flux ⁇ 2 induces potentials V2 in both half turns of secondary 130.
  • Diode 110 blocks one side but I4 flows in the other side, through diode 112 to the filter and load circuit elements 114, 116, 118.
  • Fig. 4 represents a typical timing diagram with idealized waveforms illustrative of the aforedescribed operation of the circuit of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows a variation of the embodiment of Fig. 2, in which the primary winding consists of two separate coils 140′, one around each core post enclosed by the secondary conductor loop 130′.
  • the coils 140′ may be wired in series or parallel to form the primary winding. In either case, they are preferably arranged such that their currents flow in the same sense, as shown for example by the clockwise arrows on the coils.
  • the variation in Fig. 5 may provide more design flexibility compared with the structure in Fig. 2, but at the cost of increased leakage inductance.
  • the rectifiers (110 and 112 in Fig. 2 or 110′ and 112′ in Fig. 5) may be mounted and connected conventionally, exterior to the transformer, or may be incorporated into the transformer. Incorporating them into the transformer allows the entire diode-diode commutate current loop to be constructed so that its geometry approximately matches the geometry of the primary winding current paths. This geometric match, combined with the close proximity of the primary coil(s) to the secondary structure, allows the primary current to nearly cancel the effects of the secondary commutate current during switch transitions, thus minimizing commutate loop inductance and allowing fast commutate times for high frequency operation.
  • the diodes 110, 112 of Fig. 2 are implemented as single chip devices in a package 150 received in the end portions 172, 174, 172′, 174′ of the secondary conductor loop 130 or 130′, so as to reduce inductance of the diode to diode commutate current loop.
  • the package includes a compliant conductive member 176 which holds the diode chip in contact with the respective conductor 178 or 178′ by which the end portions 172, 174 or 172′, 174′ are connected to the external circuit. Further description of this kind of diode mount is given in an article entitled "Low Inductance Chip Connector for Power Rectifiers" published in the IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 3 (August, 1986) pages 1071-1072.
  • the bridge transformer embodies a two-turn core structure and associated "windings" which function as a magnetically tightly coupled power transformer suitable for inclusion in a switched mode power supply with a bridge type primary switch circuit.
  • the transformer provides the conventional electrical terminals for such a circuit: two primary winding connections and three secondary connections (two "ends" and one centre tap). Electrically, the function is equivalent to the function of a conventional power transformer in this application.
  • the internal structure of the transformer is such that the secondary winding is mechanically very simple, while the core forms a magnetic flux path (turn A, turn B) which twice threads the secondary winding 130 or 130′.
  • the magnetic core elements of Figs. 2, 3 and 5 are easily fabricated from ferrite or laminated iron or other suitable material, and can be made and mounted with tolerances whereby little or no gap occurs in the magnetic circuit, while the secondary 130 or 130′, being of one piece, has no joints to introduce electrical resistance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
EP19890306889 1988-07-29 1989-07-06 Induktive Anordnung Withdrawn EP0352924A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US226340 1981-01-19
US22634088A 1988-07-29 1988-07-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0352924A2 true EP0352924A2 (de) 1990-01-31
EP0352924A3 EP0352924A3 (de) 1990-11-07

Family

ID=22848555

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890306889 Withdrawn EP0352924A3 (de) 1988-07-29 1989-07-06 Induktive Anordnung

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0352924A3 (de)
JP (1) JPH0254911A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0709865A1 (de) * 1994-10-26 1996-05-01 Lem S.A. Verfahren und Anordnung zur Verkoppelung magnetisch leitenden Materials mit elektrischen Wicklungen
US10381148B2 (en) 2014-03-12 2019-08-13 Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. Transformer and power converter using the same
US11387678B2 (en) * 2019-09-27 2022-07-12 Apple Inc. Stacked resonant structures for wireless power systems

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH341897A (de) * 1956-03-07 1959-10-31 Foerderung Forschung Gmbh Einrichtung mit mindestens einer elektromagnetischen Wicklung und mindestens einem Kern
DE2054457A1 (de) * 1970-11-05 1972-05-10 Siemens Ag Hochfrequenztransformator bzw. -drossel
DE2264861A1 (de) * 1972-09-01 1975-06-12 Hull Corp Transformator
JPS609109A (ja) * 1983-06-29 1985-01-18 Fujitsu Ltd 変圧器
EP0220494A2 (de) * 1985-10-31 1987-05-06 International Business Machines Corporation Gleichstrom-Gleichstrom-Energiewandlungssystem

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH341897A (de) * 1956-03-07 1959-10-31 Foerderung Forschung Gmbh Einrichtung mit mindestens einer elektromagnetischen Wicklung und mindestens einem Kern
DE2054457A1 (de) * 1970-11-05 1972-05-10 Siemens Ag Hochfrequenztransformator bzw. -drossel
DE2264861A1 (de) * 1972-09-01 1975-06-12 Hull Corp Transformator
JPS609109A (ja) * 1983-06-29 1985-01-18 Fujitsu Ltd 変圧器
EP0220494A2 (de) * 1985-10-31 1987-05-06 International Business Machines Corporation Gleichstrom-Gleichstrom-Energiewandlungssystem

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 9, no. 118 (E-316)(1841) 23 May 1985; & JP-A-60 009 109 (FUJITSU K.K.) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0709865A1 (de) * 1994-10-26 1996-05-01 Lem S.A. Verfahren und Anordnung zur Verkoppelung magnetisch leitenden Materials mit elektrischen Wicklungen
US10381148B2 (en) 2014-03-12 2019-08-13 Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. Transformer and power converter using the same
US11387678B2 (en) * 2019-09-27 2022-07-12 Apple Inc. Stacked resonant structures for wireless power systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0254911A (ja) 1990-02-23
EP0352924A3 (de) 1990-11-07

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