EP0352353B1 - Ladle nozzle brick for a closure device of a ladle - Google Patents

Ladle nozzle brick for a closure device of a ladle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352353B1
EP0352353B1 EP88112240A EP88112240A EP0352353B1 EP 0352353 B1 EP0352353 B1 EP 0352353B1 EP 88112240 A EP88112240 A EP 88112240A EP 88112240 A EP88112240 A EP 88112240A EP 0352353 B1 EP0352353 B1 EP 0352353B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ladle
funnel section
nozzle brick
filling compound
pan
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88112240A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0352353A1 (en
Inventor
Günter Wachs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intracon Handelsgesellschaft fur Industriebedarf Mbh
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Intracon Handelsgesellschaft fur Industriebedarf Mbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Intracon Handelsgesellschaft fur Industriebedarf Mbh filed Critical Intracon Handelsgesellschaft fur Industriebedarf Mbh
Priority to EP88112240A priority Critical patent/EP0352353B1/en
Priority to DE8888112240T priority patent/DE3862760D1/en
Priority to ES88112240T priority patent/ES2023471B3/en
Priority to AT88112240T priority patent/ATE63246T1/en
Publication of EP0352353A1 publication Critical patent/EP0352353A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0352353B1 publication Critical patent/EP0352353B1/en
Priority to GR91400307T priority patent/GR3002029T3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/08—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like for bottom pouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/44—Consumable closure means, i.e. closure means being used only once
    • B22D41/46—Refractory plugging masses
    • B22D41/465—Unplugging a vessel discharge port

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ladle brick for the closure device of a ladle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • pans for liquid steel consist of a sheet metal jacket which is lined on the inside (wall and floor) with refractory material.
  • the bottom is provided, inter alia, with at least one opening through it a refractory insert is delimited as shown in FIG. 1.
  • This part 1 is called “pan perforated brick” or “perforated brick” for short and can be molded directly in the pan during the lining of the pan, or can preferably be used as a monolithic finished part during delivery. Its dimensions and hole diameter depend on the pan size and its refractory quality depends on the requirements of the operator.
  • the outflow opening 6 of the Pfannenlochstein 1 is filled with a filling compound 5 of different grain size and composition, so that the filling compound is well distributed and forms a hill, which is indicated in FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawing with reference 16 .
  • the filling compound 5 can be introduced into the pan both from the inside and from the outside.
  • the steel introduced into the ladle solidifies on the cold or preheated filling compound 5, the melting temperature of which is much higher than that of the liquid steel, thereby preventing the steel from infiltrating into the outflow opening.
  • the liquid metal remains in the pan for between 10 and 30 minutes. The thermal equilibrium has not yet been reached in this period.
  • the temperature of the filling compound 5 is not yet homogeneous and therefore opening the pan slide 12, 13 is sufficient to let the filling compound trickle out under the weight of the metal and to release the pouring jet.
  • the pan opening can be cleared by blowing oxygen with a lance which is inserted from bottom to top through the previously opened slide closure 12, 13 into the clogged opening of the pan hole brick 1.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an opening device for steel ladles that can be operated without manual intervention even after long treatment and dwell times of the liquid steel in the ladle.
  • the ladle hole brick for the closure device of a ladle is designed in such a way that the funnel section is asymmetrical with respect to at least one imaginary cutting plane lying in the axis of the outflow channel.
  • the asymmetrical funnel section preferably has an approximately egg-shaped or oval shape.
  • cross-sectional shapes that are circular in shape and tapered in the other half or otherwise asymmetrical are also possible.
  • the conventional ladle slide closure shown in FIG. 2, with a square or round ladle perforated brick 1, for example in plan view, has an axis-rotation-symmetrical passage opening formed by two double cones, the wider base areas of which are arranged on the one hand at the upper hopper section 4 to the ladle and on the other hand at the bottom of the lower hopper 3.
  • a sleeve 8 made of refractory material is anchored in a known manner, for example by means of refractory putty or mortar 21.
  • the central outflow is indicated with reference note 6.
  • the upper funnel section 4, the inlet area of the perforated brick 1, is filled with the filling compound 5 in the manner already described.
  • the shell of the ladle is given with reference 7.
  • the introduction of purge gases via a gas connection 11 and a gas-permeable sleeve part 9 on the one hand and via a gas connection 14 and / or a gas connection 17 and gas-permeable inserts 15 and 18 is also known, but in Connection possible with the invention not of further interest.
  • a known interchangeable nozzle is given with reference note 10.
  • the pan hole brick 1 according to FIG. 3 can be cylindrical in a known manner or square in cross-section, the dimensions of the axial height H or the diameter or the edge length D can be chosen arbitrarily and according to the requirements of the respective ladle.
  • the upper funnel section 4 of the outflow channel 6 of the ladle hole brick 1, which runs from a narrowest point 2 upwards (in the direction of the pan, arrow direction A), is represented by the intersection lines of two or more inclined or curved planes, for example as shown in FIG. 3 formed by conical or egg surfaces, ie in plan view there is a cross-sectional area of the funnel section 4, which is composed of two unequal halves, each half being delimited by straight, preferably tapering or preferably curved lines.
  • the two halves of the funnel section 4 are thus designed asymmetrically with respect to an imaginary cutting plane which runs vertically through the axis of the outflow channel 6 in the (lower) illustration of FIG. 3.
  • the asymmetry of the hollow of the funnel section 4 formed in this way prevents a stable bridging of the sintered filling compound 5 by asymmetrical distribution of the pressure forces acting on the ladle hole brick 1.
  • a parabolic or hyperbolic design of one half of the shown upwardly widening funnel section 4, while the other left half is semicircular with a cylindrical or as shown with a conical (semi-cone), tapering wall surface.
  • the vertices of the parabolic surfaces running horizontally in the (lower) plan view of FIG. 3 form an angle ⁇ to the vertical, which in principle can vary in the range between 0 and 90 °, but will be in the range between 0 and 60 ° with exclusion the angle which is assigned to the left half of the funnel section 4 in the illustration.
  • ⁇ the angle which is assigned to the left half of the funnel section 4 in the illustration.
  • the vertices of the hyperbolas in this case lie on a line parallel to the perpendicular.
  • the approximately egg-shaped cross-sectional shape of FIG. 3 or the oval cross-sectional shape of FIG. 4 are preferred because of the ease of manufacture.
  • one half of the funnel section 4 is also parabolic in plan view, the other hyperbolic. It does not need to be the corresponding mathematically correct surface or curve shapes; the decisive factor is rather the asymmetry of the cross section itself, so that the production of the perforated brick 1 is also not critical with regard to tolerances of the internal dimensions.
  • the hill 16 of the filling compound 5 (cf. FIG. 2) has a high strength according to the principle of a dome or a self-supporting archway, in particular during sintering also against the pressure of the liquid steel acting from above the asymmetrical design of the funnel section 4 results in a desired non-uniform pressure distribution, which, even when the filler 5 is sintered, causes the resulting filler bridge to break when the slide closure is opened.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Walking Sticks, Umbrellas, And Fans (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

The ladle nozzle brick (1) of an opening device for a ladle possesses, according to the invention, an asymmetrical design of the funnel-shaped aperture (4) facing the ladle, as a result of which clogging with sintered filling compound (5) is prevented. The use of oxygen lances, hitherto necessary to break up the sintered filling compound (5), becomes superfluous. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Pfannenlochstein für die Verschlußeinrichtung einer Gießpfanne gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a ladle brick for the closure device of a ladle according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bekanntlich bestehen Pfannen für flüssigen Stahl (oder anderes flüssiges Metall) aus einem Blechmantel, der innen (Wand und Boden) mit Feuerfest-Material ausgekleidet ist.As is known, pans for liquid steel (or other liquid metal) consist of a sheet metal jacket which is lined on the inside (wall and floor) with refractory material.

Der Boden ist unter anderem mit wenigstens einer Öffnung versehen, die durch ein feuerfestes Einsatzstück umgrenzt ist, wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt. Dieses Teil 1 wird "Pfannenlochstein" oder kurz "Lochstein"genannt und kann während der Ausmauerung der Pfanne direkt in der Pfanne abgeformt werden, oder aber vorzugsweise als monolithisches Fertigteil bei der Zustellung eingesetzt werden. Seine Abmessungen und der Loch-Durchmesser hängen von der Pfannengröße und seine Feuerfest-Qualität von den Erfordernissen des Betreibers ab.The bottom is provided, inter alia, with at least one opening through it a refractory insert is delimited as shown in FIG. 1. This part 1 is called "pan perforated brick" or "perforated brick" for short and can be molded directly in the pan during the lining of the pan, or can preferably be used as a monolithic finished part during delivery. Its dimensions and hole diameter depend on the pan size and its refractory quality depends on the requirements of the operator.

Vor dem Einfüllen des flüssigen Stahls wird die Ausflußöffnung 6 des Pfannenlochsteins 1 mit einer Füllmasse 5 unterschiedlicher Körnung und Zusammensetzung ausgefüllt und zwar so, daß sich die Füllmasse gut verteilt und einen Hügel bildet, der in Fig. 2 der beigefügten Zeichnung mit Bezugshinweis 16 angegeben ist. Die Füllmasse 5 kann sowohl von innen als auch von außen in die Pfanne eingebracht werden.Before the liquid steel is poured in, the outflow opening 6 of the Pfannenlochstein 1 is filled with a filling compound 5 of different grain size and composition, so that the filling compound is well distributed and forms a hill, which is indicated in FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawing with reference 16 . The filling compound 5 can be introduced into the pan both from the inside and from the outside.

Der in die Gießpfanne eingebrachte Stahl erstarrt auf der kalten oder vorgewärmten Füllmasse 5, deren Schmelztemperatur sehr viel höher ist als die des flüssigen Stahls, wodurch verhindert wird, daß der Stahl in die Ausflußöffnung infiltriert. Bei der Herstellung von normalen Stählen ohne langzeitige Behandlung in der Pfanne, bleibt das flüssige Metall zwischen 10 und 30 Minuten in der Pfanne. In dieser Zeitspanne wird das thermische Gleichgewicht noch nicht erreicht. Die Temperatur der Füllmasse 5 ist noch nicht homogen und daher genügt das Öffnen des Pfannenschiebers 12, 13, um die Füllmasse unter dem Gewicht des Metalls ausrieseln zu lassen und den Gießstrahl freizugeben.The steel introduced into the ladle solidifies on the cold or preheated filling compound 5, the melting temperature of which is much higher than that of the liquid steel, thereby preventing the steel from infiltrating into the outflow opening. When producing normal steels without long-term treatment in the pan, the liquid metal remains in the pan for between 10 and 30 minutes. The thermal equilibrium has not yet been reached in this period. The temperature of the filling compound 5 is not yet homogeneous and therefore opening the pan slide 12, 13 is sufficient to let the filling compound trickle out under the weight of the metal and to release the pouring jet.

Die ständige Weiterentwicklung der Stahlqualitäten erfordert jedoch ständig länger werdende Behandlungszeiten in der Pfanne. Ganz allgemein zeigt die Erfahrung, daß metallurgische Behandlungen in der Pfanne Verweilzeiten des Metalls von mehreren Stunden erforderlich machen; im allgemeinen liegen sie zwischen 30 Minuten und 2 Stunden.However, the constant further development of steel qualities requires longer and longer treatment times in the pan. In general, experience has shown that metallurgical treatments in the pan require residence times of the metal of several hours; generally they are between 30 minutes and 2 hours.

Diese Verweildauer hat zur Folge, daß sich ein Temperaturausgleich mit der Pfannenausmauerung und auch mit der Füllmasse 5 einstellt. Unter der Einwirkung des Druckes des flüssigen Metalls (ca. 1,8 kg/cm²) in Verbindung mit der Temperatur (ca. 1550°C bis 1700°C) versintert die Füllmasse 5. Da der gesamte Durchflußkanal des Pfannenlochsteins 1 um eine senkrechte Achse rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet ist, bildet sich ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Schwerkraft einerseits und Blockierung des Abfließens der Masse andererseits durch einen als "Brückenbildung" bezeichneten Effekt, der durch Versintern wenigstens eines Anteils des nach oben gewölbten Hügels 16 der Füllmasse 5 entsteht.The consequence of this dwell time is that temperature compensation occurs with the pan lining and also with the filling compound 5. Under the influence of the pressure of the liquid metal (approx. 1.8 kg / cm²) in connection with the temperature (approx. 1550 ° C to 1700 ° C), the filling compound 5 sinters. Since the entire flow channel of the Pfannenlochstein 1 about a vertical axis is designed to be rotationally symmetrical, a balance is established between gravity on the one hand and blocking the outflow of the mass on the other hand by an effect referred to as "bridging", which is produced by sintering at least a portion of the upwardly curved hill 16 of the filling compound 5.

In der Praxis kann die Pfannenöffnung durch Sauerstoffblasen mittels einer Lanze, die von unten nach oben durch den vorher geöffneten Schieberverschluß 12, 13 hindurch in die verstopfte Öffnung des Pfannlochsteins 1 eingeführt wird, freigemacht werden.In practice, the pan opening can be cleared by blowing oxygen with a lance which is inserted from bottom to top through the previously opened slide closure 12, 13 into the clogged opening of the pan hole brick 1.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit dieser Lösung zwar die Durchflußöffnung freigemacht werden kann, hierbei jedoch folgende Schwierigkeiten und Komplikationen auftreten:

  • Es wird mindestens 1 Sauerstofflanze verbraucht, manchmal 3 bis 5, meistens 2.
  • Der Einsatz der Sauerstofflanze kann nur von Hand erfolgen und macht eine Automatisierung des Pfannenöffnens unmöglich.
  • Die Arbeitsvorgänge zum Freimachen der Durchflußöffnung sind gefährlich; der Austritt von Spritzern des flüssigen Stahls ist üblich und unvermeidar.
  • Der Einsatz der Sauerstofflanze greift das Feuerfest-Material des Schieberverschlusses 12, 13 und den Pfannenlochstein 1 an und verkürzt somit deren Betriebslebensdauer.
  • Die Verwendung von Sauerstoff beim Freimachen der Durchflußöffnung 6 bewirkt, daß der Anfang der Charge oxidiert und dadurch eine Qualitätsminderung des Metalls durch Reoxidation erfolgt.
It has been shown that although the flow opening can be cleared with this solution, the following difficulties and complications arise:
  • At least 1 oxygen lance is used, sometimes 3 to 5, usually 2.
  • The oxygen lance can only be used by hand and makes it impossible to automate the opening of the pan.
  • The operations to clear the flow opening are dangerous; spills of liquid steel are common and inevitable.
  • The use of the oxygen lance attacks the refractory material of the slide closure 12, 13 and the ladle hole brick 1 and thus shortens their service life.
  • The use of oxygen in clearing the flow opening 6 causes the beginning of the batch to oxidize and, as a result, there is a reduction in the quality of the metal by reoxidation.

Man hat versucht, diese Schwierigkeiten durch Versuche mit Füllmassen unterschiedlicher Qualität zu beheben, indem man den Kornaufbau, die Mischungsverhältnisse und die chemischen Zusammensetzungen der Produkte zur Herstellung der Füllmasse variierte.Attempts have been made to overcome these difficulties by experimenting with filling compositions of different quality, by varying the grain structure, the mixing ratios and the chemical compositions of the products for producing the filling composition.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Öffnungsvorrichtung für Stahlpfannen zu schaffen, die auch nach langen Behandlungs- und Verweilzeiten des flüssigen Stahls in der Gießpfanne ohne manuelle Intervention betätigt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide an opening device for steel ladles that can be operated without manual intervention even after long treatment and dwell times of the liquid steel in the ladle.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Patentanspruch 1 angegeben. Die Unteransprüche haben vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgedankens zum Inhalt.The inventive solution to this problem is specified in claim 1. The subclaims contain advantageous developments of the inventive concept.

Als ersten Schritt zu der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wurde an eine konstruktive Veränderung des Pfannenlochsteins mit dem Ziel gedacht, das Abfließen der Füllmasse zu begünstigen. Es wurde erkannt, daß die rotationssymmetrische statisch stabile Gestalt der sich über dem Lochstein 1 durch versintertes Material der Füllmasse 5 ausbildenden Brücke die Ursache für die in diesem Fall unerwünschte Verteilung und Ableitung der vertikalen (axialen) Druckkräfte in die peripheren Abstützungen ist. Als einem unter anderen weiteren Schritten wurden Versuche mit geänderten Durchmessern und Konizitäten sowie mit unsymmetrischer Gestaltung der trichterförmigen Öffnung des Lochsteins gemacht. Hierbei zeigten sich dann überraschende Verbesserungen und schließlich ein wesentlicher Durchbruch, d.h. es gelang, einen Pfannenlochstein zu schaffen, mit dem eine Blockierung des Abflusses des flüssigen Metalls nach dem Öffnen des Schieberverschlusses praktisch nicht mehr eintritt.As a first step towards the solution according to the invention, a constructive modification of the Pfannenlochstein was considered with the aim of promoting the drainage of the filling compound. It was recognized that the rotationally symmetrical, statically stable shape of the bridge formed over the perforated brick 1 by sintered material of the filling compound 5 is the cause of the undesired distribution and dissipation of the vertical (axial) compressive forces in the peripheral supports in this case. As one of the other steps, tests were carried out with changed diameters and conicity as well as with asymmetrical design of the funnel-shaped opening of the perforated brick. This showed surprising improvements and finally a major breakthrough, i.e. it was possible to create a pan perforated brick with which the drainage of the liquid metal practically no longer occurs after opening the slide lock.

Erfindungsgemäß wird der Pfannenlochstein für die Verschlußvorrichtung einer Gießpfanne, dessen vertikaler Ausflußkanal einen oberen, vorzugsweise zum Inneren der Gießpfanne zu aufgeweiteten Trichterabschnitt aufweist, derart gestaltet, daß der Trichterabschnitt in bezug auf wenigstens eine in der Achse des Ausflußkanals liegende gedachte Schnittebene unsymmetrisch ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, the ladle hole brick for the closure device of a ladle, the vertical outflow channel of which has an upper funnel section, preferably widened to the inside of the ladle, is designed in such a way that the funnel section is asymmetrical with respect to at least one imaginary cutting plane lying in the axis of the outflow channel.

In der Draufsicht bzw. in beliebigen senkrecht zur Achse des Ausflußkanals liegenden Ebenen hat der unsymmetrische Trichterabschnitt vorzugsweise etwa eiförmige oder ovale Gestalt. Es kommen jedoch auch auf einer Hälfte kreisbogenförmige und in der anderen Hälfte spitz zulaufende oder anderweitig unsymmetrisch gestaltete Querschnittsformen in Frage.In the plan view or in any plane perpendicular to the axis of the outflow channel, the asymmetrical funnel section preferably has an approximately egg-shaped or oval shape. However, cross-sectional shapes that are circular in shape and tapered in the other half or otherwise asymmetrical are also possible.

Wichtig ist, daß eine Asymmetrie der Druckkräfte durch eine asymmetrische Gestaltung des meist trichterförmigen Einlaufbereich des Lochsteins die Zerstörung der von der versinterten Füllmasse gebildeten Brücke nach sich zieht und beim Öffnen des Schieberverschlusses ein Abfließen der Füllmasse und des flüssigen Stahls ermöglicht.It is important that an asymmetry of the pressure forces by an asymmetrical design of the mostly funnel-shaped inlet area of the perforated brick causes the destruction of the bridge formed by the sintered filling compound and enables the filling compound and the liquid steel to flow off when the slide closure is opened.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeipieles anhand der Zeichnung. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Pfannenlochstein nach dem Stand der Technik;
  • Fig. 2 einen herkömmlichen bekannten Pfannenschiebverschluß;
  • Fig. 3 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Pfannenlochsteins in Querschnitt und in Draufsicht und
  • Fig. 4 bis 6 in schematischer Darstellung die Draufsicht auf unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen eines Pfannenlochsteins, der erfindungsgemäß einen unsymmetrisch gestalteten, vorzugsweise trichterförmigen Einlaufbereich aufweist.
Further details, features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. It shows:
  • 1 shows a pan hole brick according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 shows a conventional known pan slide closure;
  • Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of a Pfannenlochstein according to the invention in cross section and in plan view and
  • 4 to 6 in a schematic representation, the top view of different embodiments of a pan perforated brick which according to the invention has an asymmetrically designed, preferably funnel-shaped inlet area.

Der in Fig. 2 dargestellte herkömmliche Pfannenschieberverschluß mit in Draufsicht beispielsweise quadratischem oder rundem Pfannenlochstein 1 weist eine achsrotationssymmetrische Durchgangsöffnung auf gebildet durch zwei Doppelkonen deren breitere Basisflächen einerseits beim oberen Trichterabschnitt 4 zur Gießpfanne zu und andererseits beim unteren Trichter 3 unterseitig angeordnet sind. In den unteren Trichter 3, der auch bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Lochstein unverändert bleibt, ist eine Hülse 8 aus Feuerfestmaterial in bekannter Weise, beispielsweise mittels feuerfestem Kitt oder Mörtel 21 verankert, eingesetzt. Der zentrale Ausfluß ist mit Bezugshinweis 6 angegeben. Der obere Trichterabschnitt 4, der Einlaufbereich des Lochsteins 1, ist in der bereits beschriebenen Weise mit der Füllmasse 5 gefüllt. Der Mantel der Gießpfanne ist mit Bezugshinweis 7 angegeben. Bei dem bekannten, durch zwei Schieberplatten 12 und 13 gebildeten Pfannenschieberverschluß ist außerdem die Einleitung von Spülgasen über einen Gasanschluß 11 und ein gaspermeables Hülsenteil 9 enerseits sowie über einen Gasanschluß 14 und/oder einen Gasanschluß 17 und gaspermeable Einsätze 15 und 18 in bekannter, jedoch im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung nicht weiter interessierender Weise möglich. Ein bekannter Wechselausguß ist mit Bezugshinweis 10 angegeben.The conventional ladle slide closure shown in FIG. 2, with a square or round ladle perforated brick 1, for example in plan view, has an axis-rotation-symmetrical passage opening formed by two double cones, the wider base areas of which are arranged on the one hand at the upper hopper section 4 to the ladle and on the other hand at the bottom of the lower hopper 3. In the lower funnel 3, which remains unchanged even with a perforated brick according to the invention, a sleeve 8 made of refractory material is anchored in a known manner, for example by means of refractory putty or mortar 21. The central outflow is indicated with reference note 6. The upper funnel section 4, the inlet area of the perforated brick 1, is filled with the filling compound 5 in the manner already described. The shell of the ladle is given with reference 7. In the known pan slide closure formed by two slide plates 12 and 13, the introduction of purge gases via a gas connection 11 and a gas-permeable sleeve part 9 on the one hand and via a gas connection 14 and / or a gas connection 17 and gas-permeable inserts 15 and 18 is also known, but in Connection possible with the invention not of further interest. A known interchangeable nozzle is given with reference note 10.

Der erfindungsgemäße Pfannenlochstein 1 nach Fig. 3 kann in bekannter Weise zylinderförmig oder im Querschnitt quadratisch gestaltet sein, wobei die Abmessungen der axialen Höhe H bzw. des Durchmessers oder der Kantenlänge D beliebig und entsprechend den Erfordernissen der jeweiligen Gießpfanne gewählt werden. Der obere Trichterabschnitt 4 des Ausflußkanals 6 des Pfannenlochsteins 1, der von einer engsten Stelle 2 nach oben (in Richtung zur Pfanne, Pfeilrichtung A) verläuft, wird durch die Schnittlinien von zwei oder mehreren schrägen oder gekrümmten Ebenen zum Beispiel wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt von konischen oder Eiflächen gebildet, d.h. in Draufsicht ergibt sich eine Querschnittsfläche des Trichterabschnitts 4, der aus zwei ungleichen Hälften zusammengesetzt ist, wobei jede Hälfte durch gerade, winklig aufeinander zulaufende oder vorzugsweise gekrümmte Linien begrenzt wird. Die beiden Hälften des Trichterabschnitts 4 sind also bezüglich einer in der (unteren) Darstellung der Fig. 3 vertikalen, durch die Achse des Ausflußkanals 6 verlaufende gedachte Schnittebene unsymmetrisch gestaltet. Die so gebildete Unsymmetrie der Aushöhlung des Trichterabschnitts 4 verhindert durch unsymmetrische Verteilung der auf den Pfannenlochstein 1 wirkenden Druckkräfte eine stabile Brückenbildung der versinterten Füllmasse 5. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 ist auf der rechten Seite eine parabel- bzw. hyperbelförmige Ausbildung der einen Hälfte des sich nach oben aufweitenden Trichterabschnitts 4 gezeigt, während die andere linke Hälfte halbkreisförmig mit zylindrischer oder wie dargestellt mit konischer (Halbkonus), nach unten sich verjüngender Wandfläche ausgebildet ist. Die Scheitelpunkte der in der (unteren) Draufsichtdarstellung der Fig. 3 horizontal verlaufenden parabolischen Flächen bilden zur Senkrechten einen Winkel α, der im Prinzip im Bereich zwischen 0 und 90° variieren kann, jedoch verzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 0 und 60° liegen wird unter Ausschluß der Winkels, welcher der in der Darstellung linken Hälfte des Trichterabschnitts 4 zugeordnet ist. Im Falle der hyperbelförmigen Ausbildung (gestrichelte Kurve b in Fig. 3) liegen die Scheitelpunkte der Hyperbeln in diesem Fall auf einer zur Senkrechten parallelen Linie.The pan hole brick 1 according to FIG. 3 can be cylindrical in a known manner or square in cross-section, the dimensions of the axial height H or the diameter or the edge length D can be chosen arbitrarily and according to the requirements of the respective ladle. The upper funnel section 4 of the outflow channel 6 of the ladle hole brick 1, which runs from a narrowest point 2 upwards (in the direction of the pan, arrow direction A), is represented by the intersection lines of two or more inclined or curved planes, for example as shown in FIG. 3 formed by conical or egg surfaces, ie in plan view there is a cross-sectional area of the funnel section 4, which is composed of two unequal halves, each half being delimited by straight, preferably tapering or preferably curved lines. The two halves of the funnel section 4 are thus designed asymmetrically with respect to an imaginary cutting plane which runs vertically through the axis of the outflow channel 6 in the (lower) illustration of FIG. 3. The asymmetry of the hollow of the funnel section 4 formed in this way prevents a stable bridging of the sintered filling compound 5 by asymmetrical distribution of the pressure forces acting on the ladle hole brick 1. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, a parabolic or hyperbolic design of one half of the shown upwardly widening funnel section 4, while the other left half is semicircular with a cylindrical or as shown with a conical (semi-cone), tapering wall surface. The vertices of the parabolic surfaces running horizontally in the (lower) plan view of FIG. 3 form an angle α to the vertical, which in principle can vary in the range between 0 and 90 °, but will be in the range between 0 and 60 ° with exclusion the angle which is assigned to the left half of the funnel section 4 in the illustration. In the case of hyperbola-shaped formation (dashed curve b in FIG. 3), the vertices of the hyperbolas in this case lie on a line parallel to the perpendicular.

Die Fig. 4 bis 6 zeigen andere Querschnitt für den Trichterabschnitt 4 des Lochsteins 1, die ebenfalls in Bezug auf wenigstens eine in der Achse des Ausflußkanals 6 liegende gedachte Ebene unsymmetrisch ausgebildet sind.4 to 6 show another cross section for the funnel section 4 of the perforated brick 1, which are also asymmetrical in relation to at least one imaginary plane lying in the axis of the outflow channel 6.

Gegenwärtig zu bevorzugen sind wegen der einfachen Herstellbarkeit die etwa eiförmige Querschnittsform der Fig. 3 oder die ovale Querschnittsform der Fig. 4.At present, the approximately egg-shaped cross-sectional shape of FIG. 3 or the oval cross-sectional shape of FIG. 4 are preferred because of the ease of manufacture.

Es sind auch beliebige Kombinationen verschiedener Schnittflächen oder -ebenen möglich. So kann z.B. auch die eine Hälfte des Trichterabschnitts 4 in Draufsicht parabelförmig, die andere hyperbelförmig ausgebildet sein. Dabei braucht es sich nicht um die entsprechenden mathematisch korrekten Flächen- bzw. Kurvenformen zu handeln; entscheidend ist vielmehr die Unsymmetrie des Querschnitts an sich, so daß auch die Herstellung des Lochsteins 1 unkritisch bezüglich Toleranzen der Innenabmessungen ist.Any combination of different cut surfaces or planes is also possible. For example, one half of the funnel section 4 is also parabolic in plan view, the other hyperbolic. It does not need to be the corresponding mathematically correct surface or curve shapes; the decisive factor is rather the asymmetry of the cross section itself, so that the production of the perforated brick 1 is also not critical with regard to tolerances of the internal dimensions.

Während bei einem im Querschnitt kreisförmigen oberen Trichterabschnitt 4 der Hügel 16 der Füllmasse 5 (vergleiche Fig. 2) nach dem Prinzip einer Kuppel oder eines selbsttragenden Torbogens eine hohe Festigkeit, insbesondere bei Versinterung auch gegen den von oben einwirkenden Druck des flüssigen Stahles aufweist, ergibt sich durch die unsymmetrische Ausbildung des Trichterabschnitts 4 eine erwünschte ungleichmäßige Druckverteilung, die auch bei versinterter Füllmasse 5 beim Öffnen des Schieberverschlusses ein Zerbrechen der entstandenen Füllmassenbrücke bewirkt.While in an upper funnel section 4 with a circular cross section, the hill 16 of the filling compound 5 (cf. FIG. 2) has a high strength according to the principle of a dome or a self-supporting archway, in particular during sintering also against the pressure of the liquid steel acting from above the asymmetrical design of the funnel section 4 results in a desired non-uniform pressure distribution, which, even when the filler 5 is sintered, causes the resulting filler bridge to break when the slide closure is opened.

Claims (3)

1. Ladle nozzle brick (1) for the closing arrangement of a casting ladle, the vertical outflow channel (6) of which brick has an upper funnel section (4) which is preferably widened towards the interior of the casting ladle and which is filled by means of a heat-resistant filling compound (5) before charging and until there is tapping of the liquid metal in the casting ladle by opening the closing arrangement, characterised in that the funnel section (4) is formed in a non-symmetrical manner in relation to at least one imaginary sectional plane (20) lying in the axis of the outflow channel.
2. Ladle nozzle brick according to claim 1, characterised in that the non-symmetrical funnel section (4), in plan view and in a cross-sectional plane which is perpendicular to the vertical, has a contour which is formed by a parabolic or hyperbolic sectional line, on the one side, and an adjacent, substantially circular arc-shaped sectional line, on the other side.
3. Ladle nozzle brick according to claim 1, characterised in that the non-symmetrical funnel section (4), in plan view and in a cross-sectional plane, has a substantially oval or elliptic contour and the outflow channel (6) lies outside the centre of the main axis of the oval or the ellipse.
EP88112240A 1988-07-28 1988-07-28 Ladle nozzle brick for a closure device of a ladle Expired - Lifetime EP0352353B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88112240A EP0352353B1 (en) 1988-07-28 1988-07-28 Ladle nozzle brick for a closure device of a ladle
DE8888112240T DE3862760D1 (en) 1988-07-28 1988-07-28 PAN HOLE STONE FOR THE CLOSING DEVICE OF A CUP.
ES88112240T ES2023471B3 (en) 1988-07-28 1988-07-28 HOLLOW BRICK FOR THE PLUGGING DEVICE OF A CASTING SPOON
AT88112240T ATE63246T1 (en) 1988-07-28 1988-07-28 LADLE HOLE STONE FOR THE LOCKING DEVICE OF A FOUNTAIN LADLE.
GR91400307T GR3002029T3 (en) 1988-07-28 1991-05-30 Ladle nozzle brick for a closure device of a ladle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88112240A EP0352353B1 (en) 1988-07-28 1988-07-28 Ladle nozzle brick for a closure device of a ladle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0352353A1 EP0352353A1 (en) 1990-01-31
EP0352353B1 true EP0352353B1 (en) 1991-05-08

Family

ID=8199150

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88112240A Expired - Lifetime EP0352353B1 (en) 1988-07-28 1988-07-28 Ladle nozzle brick for a closure device of a ladle

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0352353B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE63246T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3862760D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2023471B3 (en)
GR (1) GR3002029T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9108038D0 (en) * 1991-04-16 1991-06-05 Forgemaster Steels Limited Improved taphole design and method
DE4338859A1 (en) * 1993-11-13 1995-05-18 Didier Werke Ag Distribution vessel and outlet block for this
DE19750039C1 (en) * 1997-11-12 1998-09-03 Veitsch Radex Ag Monolithic refractory hole block
DE19925598A1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2000-12-07 Sms Demag Ag Tapping channel for melting furnaces and ladles
KR100776043B1 (en) 2006-12-22 2007-11-16 주식회사 포스코 Asymmetrical melt feeding nozzle
DE102007044126A1 (en) * 2007-09-15 2009-04-02 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Fireproof ceramic hole stone
CN110170641B (en) * 2019-06-04 2021-05-11 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 Square billet hyperbolic submerged nozzle and manufacturing method thereof

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1859007U (en) * 1958-07-16 1962-09-27 Edgar Dr Hagenburger SPOUT FOR CASTING PANS.
DE6603834U (en) * 1965-05-06 1969-11-27 Stal Laval Apparat Ab DEVICE FOR PARTING OFF MOLTEN METAL

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2023471B3 (en) 1992-01-16
EP0352353A1 (en) 1990-01-31
GR3002029T3 (en) 1992-12-30
ATE63246T1 (en) 1991-05-15
DE3862760D1 (en) 1991-06-13

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