EP0351625B1 - Anti-hiv activity of bv-3608 - Google Patents
Anti-hiv activity of bv-3608 Download PDFInfo
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- EP0351625B1 EP0351625B1 EP89112126A EP89112126A EP0351625B1 EP 0351625 B1 EP0351625 B1 EP 0351625B1 EP 89112126 A EP89112126 A EP 89112126A EP 89112126 A EP89112126 A EP 89112126A EP 0351625 B1 EP0351625 B1 EP 0351625B1
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- 0 C*C(*)*c1c(*N=C)cc([C@@](C(*)c2cc(C(c(c(C3=C)cc(OC)c4)c4O)=*)c3c(O)c2-2)OC3OC(*C)C(*)C(C)C3O)c-2c1[O+] Chemical compound C*C(*)*c1c(*N=C)cc([C@@](C(*)c2cc(C(c(c(C3=C)cc(OC)c4)c4O)=*)c3c(O)c2-2)OC3OC(*C)C(*)C(C)C3O)c-2c1[O+] 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/20—Carbocyclic rings
- C07H15/24—Condensed ring systems having three or more rings
- C07H15/244—Anthraquinone radicals, e.g. sennosides
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for inhibiting infection of a susceptible living biological in vitro substrate with HIV virus when said substrate is contacting said virus or living cellular material containing said virus which comprises providing a non-toxic antiviral effective amount of a BU-3608 compound in the presence of said substrate during said contacting.
- the invention also relates to the use of a BU-3608 compound for preparing a medicament for treating or inhibiting HIV infection.
- HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
- AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- ARC AIDS-related complex
- ribavirin, HPA-23, Suramin and phosphono formate are now being tested for the therapy of AIDS, their clinical effects are not believed to be adequate.
- AZT 3-azido-3'-deoxythymidine
- the BU-3608 compounds which have been found capable of preventing the propagation of HIV in a growing cell system and are therefore believed to be useful in the treatment of AIDS and other conditions due to infection by this virus, are antifungal antibiotics which are produced as described in EP patent applications 88 101 410 (EP-A-277 621) and 89 110 234 (EP-A-345 735) filed February 02, 1988, and June 06, 1989 respectively.
- the structures of a number of representative BU-3608 compounds are illustrated in Table I hereof.
- Compound Nos. 28567, 28747, and 28634 are produced by fermentation with the microorganism Actinomadura hibisca Strain No.
- BU-3608 compounds while possessing strong anti HIV activity do not appear to have significant inhibitory action on the reverse transcriptase enzyme which is a common property of many of the prior anti HIV agents.
- Figure 1 is a bar-graph in which the number of living cells is represented on the ordinate and the concentration of test compound in the culture medium is represented on the abscissa.
- Figure 1 refers to the effect of Compound No. 28567 on MT-4 cells grown in culture.
- Figure 2 is a bar-graph in which the number of living cells is represented on the ordinate and the concentration of test compound is represented on the abscissa. This figure is similar to Figure 1 but refers to test results with Compound No. 28759.
- Figure 3 also comprises a series of bar-graphs in which the ordinate represents a percentage value of cells grown in culture having the HIV specific antigen on their surfaces when infected cells are cultivated in the presence of various concentrations of test compound. The concentration of test compound is shown on the abscissa. Figure 3 represents results obtained with Compound No. 28567.
- Figure 4 is similar to Figure 3 in that it is a series of bar-graphs in which the percentage of cells having the HIV specific antigen as represented in the immunofluorescence test (IF) versus concentration of test substance in the culture medium. The concentration is shown on the abscissa. Figure 4 represents results obtained with Compound No. 28759.
- IF immunofluorescence test
- Figure 5 is made up of three graphs representing particle size distribution in which the number of particles is represented on the ordinate and the diameter of the particle on the abscissa.
- the particles involved are living MOLT-4 cells grown in culture and in each instance the proportion of particles exceeding 20 micrometers in diameter is shown by the shaded area under the curve and the percentage value is shown on the various graphs.
- Curves A and B shown in Figure 5 are pure cell cultures of the MOLT-4 cell line and the HTLV-IIIB infected MOLT-4 cell line.
- Curve C refers to a mixed culture containing equal numbers of the MOLT-4 cells and the MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cells.
- Figure 6 are particle size distribution curves in which number of particles are plotted as ordinate and particle size as abscissa, each for a mixed culture of MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cells grown in the presence of either dextran Compound No. 28567, or Compound No. 28759 in the culture medium.
- the BU-3608 compounds with which the present invention is concerned are believed to function by preventing cell-to-cell transfer of provirus DNA or of the virus per se , the BU-3608 compound may be administered to an AIDS patient at any stage of the disease where the immune system retains sufficient recuperative power to reestablish itself following elimination of the virus. Since the cells carrying the virus, or provirus DNA and are unable to infect fresh cells in the presence of the BU-3608 compound, the stage of the disease at which treatment is begun is not thought to be critical. Administration of the BU-3608 compound is for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment so long as cells bearing the virus or pro-virus DNA are present.
- the unique property makes the BU-3608 compounds suited for use according to the present invention in combination with other antiviral agents which are used to treat AIDS, particularly those such as AZT or other nucleoside analog which function by inhibition of reverse-transcriptase or other mechanism distinct from that operable with the BU-3608 compounds according to this invention.
- the acute toxicity of Compound No. 28567 was determined in mice after single intravenous and intramuscular administrations. LD50 after iv administration was 140 mg/kg; no sign of toxicity was observed after im dose of 400 mg/kg.
- the BU-3608 compounds may be given in an antivirally effective amount by any accepted route of administration; these include, but are not limited, to, intravenous, intramuscular, oral, intranasal, and topical administration.
- Preparations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions or emulsions. They may also be manufactured in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved in sterile water, physiological saline, or some other sterile injectable medium immediately before use.
- Oral formulation may be in the form of tablets, gelatin capsules, powders, lozenges or syrups.
- the compound may be incorporated into lotions, ointments, gels, creams, salves or tinctures.
- Unit dosage forms may be prepared using methods generally known to those skilled in the art of pharmaceutical formulations.
- the actual preferred route of administration and dosage used will be at the discretion of the attending clinician skilled in the treatment of such infections, and will vary according to the causative organism, its sensitivity to the antibiotic, severity and site of the infection, and patient characteristics such as age, body weight, rate of excretion, concurrent medications, and general physical condition.
- the skilled clinician will use as guidelines in determining the specific dose, the foregoing toxicity information, and the concentrations shown by the following cell culture experiments to lack cytotoxicity, and yet which possess the antiviral effect.
- a cell culture system in which cells infected with the HTLV-III virus are treated with the test compound may be used to demonstrate the utility of the present substances.
- the cell line MT-4 disclosed by Harada, S. et al ., in Virology , Vol. 146, pp. 272-281 (1985) is appropriate. This cell line features rapid and efficient replication of HTLV-III, followed by cytolysis. These characteristics facilitate detection of HTLV-IIIB, and provide a feasible system for demonstration of anti-AIDS utility in the laboratory.
- MT-4 cells are maintained at 37°C in the complete medium. Two days before the start of an experiment, viable cells are counted by the trypan blue dye exclusion method and the concentration is adjusted to 30 x 104 cells/mL.
- MT-4 cells 60 x 104 cells/mL
- MOI multiplicity of infection
- MT-4 cells 60 x 104 cells/mL
- HTLV-IIIB infected MT-4 cells are washed once and resuspended with complete medium.
- MOLT-4/HTVL-IIIB cells are prepared at a concentration of 30 x 104 cells/mL in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% decomplemented fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 IU/mL of penicillin, and 100 mcg mL of streptomycin (complete medium) and cultured for 4 days at 37°C. After centrifuging the cells at 1500 g for 10 minutes, the supernatant liquid of the MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cell culture is filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m Millipore membrane to provide a viral preparation which is subdivided and stored in 1.0 mL portions at -80°C until use. The titer of this viral preparation is 6 x 105 PFU/ml (PFU, plaque forming units).
- test substance is dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and the solutions are then diluted with complete medium to concentrations of 10, 5.0, 2.5, and 1.25 mcg/ml to provide test solutions.
- Matched portions of HTLV-IIIB infected and uninfected MOLT-4 cells are adjusted to 60 x 104 cells/mL and mixed with the same volume of diluted test solution to make the final concentration of 30 x 104 cells/mL, and 5.0, 2.5, 1.125, and 0.63 mcg/mL of test substance.
- the number of viable cells surviving in the test medium are counted by the trypan blue dye-exclusion method on day 3 and day 6 after infection of the cells.
- the expression rate of virus-specific antigen in the infected MT-4 cells, after incubation with media containing various concentrations of compounds, may be determined by an indirect immunofluorescence method (IF) on days 3 and 6 after infection.
- IF indirect immunofluorescence method
- Cells are fixed with methanol at -20°C on a slide glass and incubated with 1:1,000-diluted anti-HIV positive human serum (IF titer, 1:4,096) for 30 min. at 37°C.
- the preparations are washed for 15 min. with phosphate-buffered saline, and the cells are then incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin G (Dakapatts A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) for 30 min. at 37°C, and washed again with phosphate-buffered saline.
- a sample of at least 500 cells is counted under a fluorescence microscope, and the percentage of IF-positive cells is
- HTLV-III-specific antigens Staining of HTLV-III-specific antigens is performed substantially as described by Popovic, M., et al. , Science , Vol. 224, pp. 497-500 (1984).
- HTLV-IIIB infected MT-4 cells are smeared, dried and fixed with cold methanol for 3 minutes. Fixed cells are then incubated with 1:1000 diluted anti-HTLV-III positive human serum (IF titer; 1:4096) for 30 minutes at 37°C. The preparation is then washed for 15 minutes with phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the fluorescein-isothiocyanate conjugated anti-human IgG (Dakopatts A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) is applied, incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C and washed again with PBS.
- the cells are examined under a fluorescent microscope and the percent of IF-positive cells calculated from a sample of at least 500 cells.
- MOLT-4 and its virus-producing cell MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB are mixed in 1:1 in proportion of cell number and adjusted to a final concentration of 5 x 105 cells/ml with the medium containing various concentrations of compounds, and then incubated for 10 hours in a CO2 incubator. After incubation, the distribution of cell size is measured by a cell multisizer (Coulter Electronics Ltd., Luton, England). Viable cells are counted by trypan blue dye exclusion method. Giant cell formation is observed under a phase- contrast microscope. Particles with diameters of from 3 to 100 ⁇ m in diameter are observed in the co-cultures.
- the hydrochloride salt of Compound No. 28567 (500 mg) was dissolved in 8N methanolic ammonia (200 mL) in an ice bath and the solution was stireed at 4°C for 65 hours. After concentration of the solution, the residue was dissolved in H2O (200 ml), adjusted to pH 3.0 and loaded on a column of Diaion HP-20 (300 ml). The column was washed with water and eluted with 80% aqueous acetone (pH 3.0). Evaporation of the purple colored eluate yielded the desired compound as the hydrochloride salt.
- Figure 1 illustrates the inhibition of cytopathic effect of the HIV virus on MT-4 cells by Compound No. 28567.
- the unshaded bars show the lack of cytotoxicity of the compound on uninfected MT-4 cells. Only at concentrations of 28567 in excess of 30 ⁇ g/ml is a noticeable or consistent reduction in the number of cells observed after 3 or 6 days, and even at 120 mg/ml, 60-70% of the cells survive.
- the shaded bars of Figure 1 refer to the numbers of HIV-infected cells surviving after 3 or 6 days in the presence of various concentrations of Compound No. 28567 in the test medium.
- the zero concentration values reflect the lethality of the virus for the cells in this test system.
- Virtually complete protection is afforded the MT-4 cells at concentrations of Compound No. 28567 of 3.5 ⁇ g/ml and above.
- Figure 2 refers to the evaluation of Compound No. 28759 in the same test system using MT-4 cells. Similar results were obtained with 28759 as were obtained with 28567.
- Figures 3 and 4 refer to the percentage of MT-4 cells which express the HIV antigen when grown in culture for 3 or 6 days. Again test substance concentrations in the medium are shown as abscissa. All of the cells (100%) become positive within 6 days in the absence of any protective test drug. Compound Nos. 28567 and 28759 reduced the number of viral antigen positive cells to less than 1% of the population at concentrations of 3.5 ⁇ g/ml and greater.
- Figure 5 is a group of three particle size distribution curves in which number of particles is shown as ordinate relative to particle diameter in ⁇ m as abscissa. A portion of the area under each curve is shaded to represent the proportion of particles having a diameter of 20 ⁇ m or greater. The shaded portion represents giant cells, fused cells, or syncytia.
- Curve A depicts the size distribution profile of the cells in a MOLT-4 cell culture, 2.7% of the cells exceed 20 ⁇ m in diameter.
- Curve B represents the size distribution profile of a MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB culture, 2.4% of the cells exceed 20 ⁇ m in diameter.
- Curve C refers to mixed culture of equal parts of MOLT-4 cells and MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cells, 11.8% of the cells exceeding 20 ⁇ m in diameter signifying the cell-to-cell infection process through cell fusion.
- Figure 6 is a group of three particle size distribution curves for mixed cultures of MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB similar to Curve C of Figure 5 except that for Curve D, 50 ⁇ g/ml of dextran was added to the medium; for Curve E, 25 ⁇ g/ml of Compound No. 28567 was added to the medium; and for Curve F, 25 ⁇ g/ml of Compound No. 28759 was added to the medium. In each instance the 11.8% value for proportion of particles exceeding 20 ⁇ m (Curve C of Figure 5) was reduced respectively to 1.9% with dextran sulfate (Curve D), 2.7% with Compound No. 28567 (Curve E), and 4.4% with Compound No. 28759 (Curve F). These results demonstrate the ability of the test compounds to prevent cell-fusion of MOLT-4 cells by the HTLV-IIIB virus.
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Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a method for inhibiting infection of a susceptible living biological in vitro substrate with HIV virus when said substrate is contacting said virus or living cellular material containing said virus which comprises providing a non-toxic antiviral effective amount of a BU-3608 compound in the presence of said substrate during said contacting.
- The invention also relates to the use of a BU-3608 compound for preparing a medicament for treating or inhibiting HIV infection.
-
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a newly recognized retrovirus which is cytopathic for human T4 lymphocytes. This virus is believed to be the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). Although a number of antiviral agents; ribavirin, HPA-23, Suramin and phosphono formate, are now being tested for the therapy of AIDS, their clinical effects are not believed to be adequate. Recently, it has been proven that a nucleoside analog, 3-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) produced the prolongation of life span of AIDS patients and improved various symptoms accompanied with immunodeficiency, and thus AZT has been approved by governmental authorities for treating certain AIDS patients. It is considered that AZT functions through inhibition of reverse transcriptase which is the viral enzyme which converts viral RNA into DNA in infected cells. The selectivity of AZT is relatively high in vitro, and AZT suppresses the cellular damage and the expression of viral antigen by HIV infection. However, once the infection with HIV is established and provirus DNA is integrated into cellular DNA, AZT fails to inhibit virus production. AZT cannot inhibit the cell fusion of the virus producing cells and T4-positive cells by means of which cell to cell infection occurs.
- The BU-3608 compounds which have been found capable of preventing the propagation of HIV in a growing cell system and are therefore believed to be useful in the treatment of AIDS and other conditions due to infection by this virus, are antifungal antibiotics which are produced as described in EP patent applications 88 101 410 (EP-A-277 621) and 89 110 234 (EP-A-345 735) filed February 02, 1988, and June 06, 1989 respectively. The structures of a number of representative BU-3608 compounds are illustrated in Table I hereof. Compound Nos. 28567, 28747, and 28634 are produced by fermentation with the microorganism Actinomadura hibisca Strain No. P157-2 and Strain No Q278-4, each of which have been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection under Accession Nos. ATCC 53557 and 53646. A third strain of this species, Strain No. P157-2-A-2660 is preferred for producing Compound Nos. 28786 and 28787 which can be obtained by fermentation of this microorganism which has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC No. 53762, according to the methods given in EP-A-277 621. The preparation of quinonimine derivative of Compound No. 28567 is described herein as Compound No. 28759. The foregoing substances were previously known to possess antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus Type I (HSVI) and influenza virus A but the finding of anti HIV activity as described herein was quite unexpected. A particularly surprising and significant aspect of the present invention is that the BU-3608 compounds while possessing strong anti HIV activity do not appear to have significant inhibitory action on the reverse transcriptase enzyme which is a common property of many of the prior anti HIV agents.
- Figure 1 is a bar-graph in which the number of living cells is represented on the ordinate and the concentration of test compound in the culture medium is represented on the abscissa. Figure 1 refers to the effect of Compound No. 28567 on MT-4 cells grown in culture.
- Figure 2 is a bar-graph in which the number of living cells is represented on the ordinate and the concentration of test compound is represented on the abscissa. This figure is similar to Figure 1 but refers to test results with Compound No. 28759.
- Figure 3 also comprises a series of bar-graphs in which the ordinate represents a percentage value of cells grown in culture having the HIV specific antigen on their surfaces when infected cells are cultivated in the presence of various concentrations of test compound. The concentration of test compound is shown on the abscissa. Figure 3 represents results obtained with Compound No. 28567.
- Figure 4 is similar to Figure 3 in that it is a series of bar-graphs in which the percentage of cells having the HIV specific antigen as represented in the immunofluorescence test (IF) versus concentration of test substance in the culture medium. The concentration is shown on the abscissa. Figure 4 represents results obtained with Compound No. 28759.
- Figure 5 is made up of three graphs representing particle size distribution in which the number of particles is represented on the ordinate and the diameter of the particle on the abscissa. The particles involved are living MOLT-4 cells grown in culture and in each instance the proportion of particles exceeding 20 micrometers in diameter is shown by the shaded area under the curve and the percentage value is shown on the various graphs. Curves A and B shown in Figure 5 are pure cell cultures of the MOLT-4 cell line and the HTLV-IIIB infected MOLT-4 cell line. Curve C refers to a mixed culture containing equal numbers of the MOLT-4 cells and the MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cells.
- Figure 6 are particle size distribution curves in which number of particles are plotted as ordinate and particle size as abscissa, each for a mixed culture of MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cells grown in the presence of either dextran Compound No. 28567, or Compound No. 28759 in the culture medium.
- Since the BU-3608 compounds with which the present invention is concerned are believed to function by preventing cell-to-cell transfer of provirus DNA or of the virus per se, the BU-3608 compound may be administered to an AIDS patient at any stage of the disease where the immune system retains sufficient recuperative power to reestablish itself following elimination of the virus. Since the cells carrying the virus, or provirus DNA and are unable to infect fresh cells in the presence of the BU-3608 compound, the stage of the disease at which treatment is begun is not thought to be critical. Administration of the BU-3608 compound is for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment so long as cells bearing the virus or pro-virus DNA are present. The unique property makes the BU-3608 compounds suited for use according to the present invention in combination with other antiviral agents which are used to treat AIDS, particularly those such as AZT or other nucleoside analog which function by inhibition of reverse-transcriptase or other mechanism distinct from that operable with the BU-3608 compounds according to this invention.
- The acute toxicity of Compound No. 28567 was determined in mice after single intravenous and intramuscular administrations. LD₅₀ after iv administration was 140 mg/kg; no sign of toxicity was observed after im dose of 400 mg/kg.
- For treatment of HIV infections in animals and human beings, the BU-3608 compounds may be given in an antivirally effective amount by any accepted route of administration; these include, but are not limited, to, intravenous, intramuscular, oral, intranasal, and topical administration. Preparations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions or emulsions. They may also be manufactured in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved in sterile water, physiological saline, or some other sterile injectable medium immediately before use. Oral formulation may be in the form of tablets, gelatin capsules, powders, lozenges or syrups. For topical administration, the compound may be incorporated into lotions, ointments, gels, creams, salves or tinctures. Unit dosage forms may be prepared using methods generally known to those skilled in the art of pharmaceutical formulations.
- It will be appreciated that when treating a host infected with HIV with a BU-3608 compound, the actual preferred route of administration and dosage used will be at the discretion of the attending clinician skilled in the treatment of such infections, and will vary according to the causative organism, its sensitivity to the antibiotic, severity and site of the infection, and patient characteristics such as age, body weight, rate of excretion, concurrent medications, and general physical condition. The skilled clinician will use as guidelines in determining the specific dose, the foregoing toxicity information, and the concentrations shown by the following cell culture experiments to lack cytotoxicity, and yet which possess the antiviral effect.
- A cell culture system in which cells infected with the HTLV-III virus are treated with the test compound may be used to demonstrate the utility of the present substances. The cell line MT-4 disclosed by Harada, S. et al., in Virology, Vol. 146, pp. 272-281 (1985) is appropriate. This cell line features rapid and efficient replication of HTLV-III, followed by cytolysis. These characteristics facilitate detection of HTLV-IIIB, and provide a feasible system for demonstration of anti-AIDS utility in the laboratory.
- MT-4 cells are maintained at 37°C in the complete medium. Two days before the start of an experiment, viable cells are counted by the trypan blue dye exclusion method and the concentration is adjusted to 30 x 10⁴ cells/mL.
- Infection of the MT-4 cells with the virus is made at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.002. MT-4 cells (60 x 10⁴ cells/mL) are mixed with a 1:100 dilution of the viral preparation and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C for adsorption of the virus. After adsorption, HTLV-IIIB infected MT-4 cells are washed once and resuspended with complete medium.
- MOLT-4/HTVL-IIIB cells are prepared at a concentration of 30 x 10⁴ cells/mL in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% decomplemented fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 IU/mL of penicillin, and 100 mcg mL of streptomycin (complete medium) and cultured for 4 days at 37°C. After centrifuging the cells at 1500 g for 10 minutes, the supernatant liquid of the MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cell culture is filtered through a 0.22 µm Millipore membrane to provide a viral preparation which is subdivided and stored in 1.0 mL portions at -80°C until use. The titer of this viral preparation is 6 x 10⁵ PFU/ml (PFU, plaque forming units).
- The test substance is dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and the solutions are then diluted with complete medium to concentrations of 10, 5.0, 2.5, and 1.25 mcg/ml to provide test solutions. Matched portions of HTLV-IIIB infected and uninfected MOLT-4 cells are adjusted to 60 x 10⁴ cells/mL and mixed with the same volume of diluted test solution to make the final concentration of 30 x 10⁴ cells/mL, and 5.0, 2.5, 1.125, and 0.63 mcg/mL of test substance. To measure anti-HIV activity, the number of viable cells surviving in the test medium are counted by the trypan blue dye-exclusion method on
day 3 andday 6 after infection of the cells. - The expression rate of virus-specific antigen in the infected MT-4 cells, after incubation with media containing various concentrations of compounds, may be determined by an indirect immunofluorescence method (IF) on
days - Staining of HTLV-III-specific antigens is performed substantially as described by Popovic, M., et al., Science, Vol. 224, pp. 497-500 (1984). On
days
The fluorescein-isothiocyanate conjugated anti-human IgG (Dakopatts A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) is applied, incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C and washed again with PBS. The cells are examined under a fluorescent microscope and the percent of IF-positive cells calculated from a sample of at least 500 cells. - The effect on cell fusion which results in cell to cell infection and giant cell formation may be examined as follows. MOLT-4 and its virus-producing cell, MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB are mixed in 1:1 in proportion of cell number and adjusted to a final concentration of 5 x 10⁵ cells/ml with the medium containing various concentrations of compounds, and then incubated for 10 hours in a CO₂ incubator. After incubation, the distribution of cell size is measured by a cell multisizer (Coulter Electronics Ltd., Luton, England). Viable cells are counted by trypan blue dye exclusion method. Giant cell formation is observed under a phase- contrast microscope. Particles with diameters of from 3 to 100 µm in diameter are observed in the co-cultures. Only those particles having a diameter of more than 9 µm are considered to be cells. Cell sizes in each of the cultures of MOLT-4 or MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB are similar, and the proportion of cell particles with 12-14 µm diameters are virtually the same in each culture. The percentage of cell particles having more than a 20 µm diameter was 2.7% and in the MOLT-4 cell culture, and 2.4% in the MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cell culture.
Cell particles with more than 50 µm in diameter were observed in co-cultures, and the proportion of cell particles having more than 20 µm diameter was 11.8%. This is a reflection of the infectivity by cell-to-cell fusion of the MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cells for the uninfected MOLT-4 cells. The test method measures the ability of test substances to prevent or reduce this effect. -
- The hydrochloride salt of Compound No. 28567 (500 mg) was dissolved in 8N methanolic ammonia (200 mL) in an ice bath and the solution was stireed at 4°C for 65 hours. After concentration of the solution, the residue was dissolved in H₂O (200 ml), adjusted to pH 3.0 and loaded on a column of Diaion HP-20 (300 ml). The column was washed with water and eluted with 80% aqueous acetone (pH 3.0). Evaporation of the purple colored eluate yielded the desired compound as the hydrochloride salt. An aqueous solution of the hydrochloride (20 mg) was adjusted to pH 7.0 deposit the zwitterionic form of the desired quinonimine (6 mg), mp 150-155°C (dec.); IR(KBr) cm⁻¹ 3200, 1600, 1565, 1470, 1275;
nm (ε) 239(21,200), 284(20,500), 330(8,900), 404(3,700), 542(9,500); SI-MS m/z 842 (M+3H)⁺; Molecular formula C₄₀H₄₅N₃O₁₇; HPLC (System 1; column: YMC A-301-3 Yamamura Chem. Co., elution: CH₃CN/0.15% KH₂PO₄, pH 3.5, gradient: 0-3 min (20/80 - 35/65), 3-11 min (35/65), 11-16 min (35/65 - 55/45), Rt: 7.08 min. - Figure 1 illustrates the inhibition of cytopathic effect of the HIV virus on MT-4 cells by Compound No. 28567. First, the unshaded bars show the lack of cytotoxicity of the compound on uninfected MT-4 cells. Only at concentrations of 28567 in excess of 30 µg/ml is a noticeable or consistent reduction in the number of cells observed after 3 or 6 days, and even at 120 mg/ml, 60-70% of the cells survive.
- The shaded bars of Figure 1 refer to the numbers of HIV-infected cells surviving after 3 or 6 days in the presence of various concentrations of Compound No. 28567 in the test medium. The zero concentration values reflect the lethality of the virus for the cells in this test system. Virtually complete protection is afforded the MT-4 cells at concentrations of Compound No. 28567 of 3.5 µg/ml and above.
- Figure 2 refers to the evaluation of Compound No. 28759 in the same test system using MT-4 cells. Similar results were obtained with 28759 as were obtained with 28567.
- Figures 3 and 4 refer to the percentage of MT-4 cells which express the HIV antigen when grown in culture for 3 or 6 days. Again test substance concentrations in the medium are shown as abscissa. All of the cells (100%) become positive within 6 days in the absence of any protective test drug. Compound Nos. 28567 and 28759 reduced the number of viral antigen positive cells to less than 1% of the population at concentrations of 3.5 µg/ml and greater.
- Figure 5 is a group of three particle size distribution curves in which number of particles is shown as ordinate relative to particle diameter in µm as abscissa. A portion of the area under each curve is shaded to represent the proportion of particles having a diameter of 20 µm or greater. The shaded portion represents giant cells, fused cells, or syncytia. Curve A depicts the size distribution profile of the cells in a MOLT-4 cell culture, 2.7% of the cells exceed 20 µm in diameter. Curve B represents the size distribution profile of a MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB culture, 2.4% of the cells exceed 20µm in diameter. Curve C refers to mixed culture of equal parts of MOLT-4 cells and MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cells, 11.8% of the cells exceeding 20 µm in diameter signifying the cell-to-cell infection process through cell fusion.
- Figure 6 is a group of three particle size distribution curves for mixed cultures of MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB similar to Curve C of Figure 5 except that for Curve D, 50 µg/ml of dextran was added to the medium; for Curve E, 25 µg/ml of Compound No. 28567 was added to the medium; and for Curve F, 25 µg/ml of Compound No. 28759 was added to the medium. In each instance the 11.8% value for proportion of particles exceeding 20 µm (Curve C of Figure 5) was reduced respectively to 1.9% with dextran sulfate (Curve D), 2.7% with Compound No. 28567 (Curve E), and 4.4% with Compound No. 28759 (Curve F). These results demonstrate the ability of the test compounds to prevent cell-fusion of MOLT-4 cells by the HTLV-IIIB virus.
Claims (8)
- The use of a BU-3608 compound of the formula:
R¹ R³ R⁴ R⁶ -CH₃(D) -NHCH₃ xylosyl =O -CH₃(D) -NH₂ xylosyl =O H -NHCH₃ xylosyl =O H -NH₂ xylosyl =O -CH₃ -NHCH₃ -H =O -CH₃ -NHCH₃ xylosyl =NH - The use of Claim 1 wherein said biological substrate is a cell culture growing in vitro.
- The use of Claim 1 wherein said biological substrate is a cell culture of MT-4 cells growing in vitro.
- The use of Claim 1 wherein said susceptible substrate is within a host animal infected with HIV.
- The use of Claim 1 wherein said susceptible substrate is within a human subject infected with HIV.
- A method for inhibiting infection of a susceptible living biological in vitro substrate with HIV virus when said substrate is contacting said virus or living cellular material containing said virus which comprises providing a non-toxic antiviral effective amount of a BU-3608 compound as defined in claim 1 in the presence of said substrate during said contacting.
- The method of claim 6 wherein said biological substrate is a cell culture growing in vitro.
- The method of claim 6 wherein said biological substrate is a cell culture of MT-4 cells growing in vitro.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89112126T ATE87827T1 (en) | 1988-07-01 | 1989-07-03 | ANTI-HIV EFFECT OF BU-3608. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US21422688A | 1988-07-01 | 1988-07-01 | |
US214226 | 1988-07-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0351625A1 EP0351625A1 (en) | 1990-01-24 |
EP0351625B1 true EP0351625B1 (en) | 1993-04-07 |
Family
ID=22798273
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89112126A Expired - Lifetime EP0351625B1 (en) | 1988-07-01 | 1989-07-03 | Anti-hiv activity of bv-3608 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0351625B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2802336B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0131323B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE87827T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1335078C (en) |
CY (1) | CY1847A (en) |
DE (1) | DE68905875T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2054935T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3007580T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK110095A (en) |
IL (1) | IL90783A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA894984B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5338728A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-08-16 | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Pradimicin compounds |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4870165A (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1989-09-26 | Bristol-Myers Company | Antifungal antibiotics |
-
1989
- 1989-06-29 IL IL9078389A patent/IL90783A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-30 CA CA000604639A patent/CA1335078C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-30 ZA ZA894984A patent/ZA894984B/en unknown
- 1989-06-30 KR KR1019890009329A patent/KR0131323B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-06-30 JP JP1167190A patent/JP2802336B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-03 DE DE8989112126T patent/DE68905875T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-03 ES ES89112126T patent/ES2054935T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-03 EP EP89112126A patent/EP0351625B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-03 AT AT89112126T patent/ATE87827T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-04-08 GR GR930400085T patent/GR3007580T3/el unknown
-
1995
- 1995-07-06 HK HK110095A patent/HK110095A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-03-08 CY CY184796A patent/CY1847A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA894984B (en) | 1990-03-28 |
CY1847A (en) | 1996-03-08 |
IL90783A (en) | 1994-01-25 |
IL90783A0 (en) | 1990-01-18 |
GR3007580T3 (en) | 1993-08-31 |
ATE87827T1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
KR900001374A (en) | 1990-02-27 |
ES2054935T3 (en) | 1994-08-16 |
DE68905875D1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
JPH0248530A (en) | 1990-02-19 |
DE68905875T2 (en) | 1993-07-15 |
HK110095A (en) | 1995-07-14 |
EP0351625A1 (en) | 1990-01-24 |
JP2802336B2 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
CA1335078C (en) | 1995-04-04 |
KR0131323B1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
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