EP0346283A2 - Lubricant composition - Google Patents

Lubricant composition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0346283A2
EP0346283A2 EP89810410A EP89810410A EP0346283A2 EP 0346283 A2 EP0346283 A2 EP 0346283A2 EP 89810410 A EP89810410 A EP 89810410A EP 89810410 A EP89810410 A EP 89810410A EP 0346283 A2 EP0346283 A2 EP 0346283A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tert
alkyl
formula
carbon atoms
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89810410A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0346283A3 (en
EP0346283B1 (en
Inventor
Samuel Dr. Evans
Rolf Dr. Schumacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novartis AG
Original Assignee
Ciba Geigy AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0346283A2 publication Critical patent/EP0346283A2/en
Publication of EP0346283A3 publication Critical patent/EP0346283A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0346283B1 publication Critical patent/EP0346283B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/06Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68Esters
    • C10M129/76Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M133/14Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M135/20Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
    • C10M135/22Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M135/22Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M135/28Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M141/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
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    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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    • C10M2207/027Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2219/087Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089Overbased salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251Alcohol-fuelled engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255Gasoline engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28Rotary engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a phosphite-free lubricating oil composition with high stability against oxidative degradation.
  • thermo-oxidative requirement profile of modern engine oils has changed as a result of new engine designs in the field of internal combustion engines with spark ignition.
  • nitrogen oxides are increasingly formed, which in turn enter the crankcase as "blow-by" gases.
  • the lubricating oil in the upper piston ring and cylinder area also provides fine sealing to the combustion chamber. This can lead to contamination with high-boiling fuel components. These conditions are exacerbated by the presence of NOX.
  • EP-A 0 149 422 describes an antioxidant based on diphenylamines.
  • additional additives such as hydroxylated thiophenyl ether, alkylidene bisphenols or thioesters of ⁇ - (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionic acid can be used to further improve the basic properties.
  • antioxidant compositions for use with lubricants are known from WO 87/05320. Certain hydroxylated thiomethyl ethers are described which are used in a mixture with diphenylamines.
  • EP-A 0 049 133 describes a stabilizer composition which, inter alia, is also suitable for lubricating oils, known, containing diphenylamines, phosphites, thiodipropionic acid esters and optionally one or more polysubstituted phenols.
  • Phosphite as a constituent of a stabilizer, which is used in an engine lubricating oil, must be limited or preferably omitted in view of a possible deactivation of the catalyst by phosphorus compounds escaping with the exhaust gas.
  • New lubricant compositions and in particular lubricating oil compositions, have now been found which have further improved properties compared to the previously known products, are distinguished by high stability against oxidative degradation and in particular are able to sustainably reduce the negative effects of black sludge in spark ignition internal combustion engines.
  • the compounds are present in a mixing ratio of 2 to 6 parts by weight of the aromatic amine or formula I to 1 part by weight of the phenol or formula II or phenols, at least one of which has the formula II.
  • composition according to the invention relates to phosphite-free lubricating oil compositions containing (a) a mineral oil or a synthetic oil or a mixture thereof and (b) a mixture as mentioned above.
  • the composition expediently relates to those of the type described above, in which the lubricating oil is an oil for spark-ignited internal combustion engines.
  • the invention particularly relates to compositions of the type described above of the API classification SF, SG, CD and / or CE, the CRC specification 1-G 1 or 1-G 2 or the CCMC specification G 1, G 2, G 3, D. 1, D 2, D 3 and / or PD 1.
  • compositions represent motor oils for motor vehicles, and essentially for passenger car engines and commercial vehicle engines, which in the API classification (American Petroleum Institute) have the classification with the letters SF and CD or SG and CD, in the CRC classification (coordinating Research Council) the standardized "Caterpillar" test 1-G 1 or 1-G 2 and in the CCMC classification (Committee of Common Market Automobile Constructors) class 1 or 2.
  • API classification American Petroleum Institute
  • CRC classification coordinating Research Council
  • CCMC classification Common Market Automobile Constructors
  • compositions with the above-mentioned specifications can be derived analogously from the following description from the compounds of the formulas I and II designated as expedient or preferred.
  • the compounds in the mixture are expediently in a mixing ratio of 4 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 4.5 parts by weight, of the aromatic amine (s) of the formula I to 1 part by weight of the phenol (s) of the formula II, or of phenols, at least one of which has the formula II has before.
  • the substituent R 2 in the compounds of the formula 1 in the compositions according to the invention has the meaning of phenyl, naphthyl or phenyl, substituted by one or more alkyl groups having a total of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and preferably R 2 has the meaning of phenyl or phenyl, substituted with one or more alkyl groups with a total of 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred in compositions according to the invention is the substituent R 1 in compounds of the formula 1 -H.
  • compositions include those in which R 3 in compounds of the formula I is H, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or aralkyl having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, and preference is given to the compounds in which R 3 is the Meaning of H or alkyl with 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • R 3 is in the p- (or 4-) position.
  • Compositions are expedient in which R 3 'in compounds of the formula 1 has the meaning of H or alkyl having 4 to 8 C atoms.
  • R 3 ' is in the o- (or 2-) position.
  • the present compositions may contain a compound of the formula II from the series of the phenols.
  • R 7 preferably represents
  • compositions containing compounds of the formula II in which R 4 has the meaning of hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms and preferably the meaning of alkyl having 4 C atoms and in particular tert-butyl are particularly useful.
  • compositions which correspond to a suitable embodiment are those in which R 5 in compounds of the formula 11 has the meaning of alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl having 4 carbon atoms and in particular tert-butyl.
  • R 13 iC 8 H 17 to iC 13 H 27 and in particular iC 8 H 17 or iC 13 H 27 .
  • R 1 , R 2 and R ' are alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, where, for example, are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, 2-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, Heptyl, 3-heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl or octadecyl, and further isoamyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,1,3,3, -Tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylhexyl, isoheptyl, 1-methylh
  • alkyl with 1 to 24 C atoms also includes, for example, eicosyl, hemicosyl and docosyl.
  • the meaning of cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms for R 2 , -R 4 and R 5 can be cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl or cyclododecyl or, in addition, the C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl group can optionally be substituted by Ci-C 4 alkyl and represent, for example, 2- or 4-methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, trimethylcyclohexyl or t-butylcyclohexyl.
  • R 2 represents substituted phenyl
  • the phenyl group can be substituted, for example, with C 1 -C 18 alkoxy, or with one or more alkyl groups with a total of 24 C atoms.
  • Ci to C 18 alkoxy are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, 2-ethylhexoxy or octoxy.
  • C 7 to Cg aralkyl for example, benzyl and a-methylbenzyl can be mentioned.
  • Phenyl groups which are substituted by alkyl groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms can be, for example, 2-, 3- or 4-methylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-ethylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-propylphenyl, 2-, 3-or 4-butylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-tert-butylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-octylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-tert-octylphenyl, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl or 2,4-di-tert-octylphenyl.
  • C 1 -C 11 alkyl-substituted benzyl examples include 2-, 3- or 4-methylbenzyl, ethylbenzyl, propylbenzyl, n-butylbenzyl, tert-butylbenzyl, n-octylbenzyl, 3,5-di-tert-octylbenzyl or 2,4- Di-tert-butylbenzyl or 2,4-di-tert-octylbenzyl can be listed.
  • R 3 is C 7 to Cg-aralkyl
  • benzyl or methylbenzyl can be mentioned, for example.
  • R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be alkyl with 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • R 4 and R 5 can also be cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • Corresponding examples of such alkyl groups and cycloalkyl groups are given above.
  • C 1 to C 18 alkyl for Y or R 10 , R 11 or R 12 can be taken from the above list of alkyl radicals.
  • Alkyl radicals with 8 to 13 carbon atoms, as they are called for R 6 can be found in the examples above, iso compounds are 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 1,1,3 -Trimethylhexyl and 1-methylundecyl.
  • alkyl and cycloalkyl groups mentioned for R 8 and R 9 examples from the above lists can also be assigned in accordance with the C chain length.
  • a preferred composition contains a mixture of aromatic amines, the total amount of the amines among them being 100% by weight and a maximum of them a) 5% by weight diphenylamine, 8 to 15% by weight 4-tert-butyl-diphenylamine , 24-32% by weight of amines from the group 4-tert-ootyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 23 to 34% by weight of amines from the group 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine, o, o ', m, m' or p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 21 to 34% by weight of 2,4-di-tert-o
  • Another preferred composition contains a mixture of an aromatic amine of the formula and a phenol of the formula wherein the weight ratio of amine to phenol is 4 to 5: 1 and preferably 4.5: 1.
  • Another preferred composition contains a mixture of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and one or both phenols of the formulas and or wherein the weight ratio of amine to total phenol is 4 to 5: 1 and preferably 4.5: 1.
  • a also preferred composition contains a mixture of aromatic amines, each based on the total amount of amines, a maximum of 5 wt .-% diphenylamine, 8 to 15 wt .-% 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 24-32 wt .-% amines the group 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 23-34% by weight amines of the group 4-tert-butyl-4 ' -tert-octyldiphenylamine, o, o ', m, m' or p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 21 to 34% by weight 2,4-di-tert
  • composition comprising a mixture of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and a phenol mixture in turn consisting of and wherein the weight ratio of amine to phenols is 4 to 5: 1 and preferably 4.5: 1.
  • a group of the diphenylamines as used according to the invention can be prepared, for example, by a process as described in EP-A 0 149 422 by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene in the presence of an active alumina catalyst.
  • the phenols are known and can be prepared, for example, by a process according to DE-A 23 64 121 or DE-A 23 64 126.
  • the mixture according to the invention can contain an amine and a phenol, but it is also possible that the mixture contains one or more amines and one or more phenols.
  • the amines and phenols are premixed with one another in the stated proportions.
  • This mixture can then be added, for example, in amounts of 0.01 to 10% by weight, advantageously 0.1 to 5% by weight and preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight, based on the finished lubricating oil .
  • the phenols and amines can also be mixed individually one after the other into the lubricating oil, the mixing and concentration ratios mentioned having to be observed.
  • oils or partially or fully synthetic oils are used as lubricating oils.
  • Such oils and related products are described, for example, in Schewe-Kobek, "The Lubricant Pocket Book”, Hüthig Verlag Heidelberg, 4th edition, 1974, or in Dieter Klamann, "Lubricants and Related Products", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1982.
  • the lubricating oil can be based on a mineral oil, for example.
  • the mineral oils are based in particular on hydrocarbon compounds.
  • Examples of synthetic lubricants include lubricants based on the aliphatic or aromatic carboxyl esters, the polymeric esters, the polyalkylene oxides, the phosphoric acid esters, the poly-d-olefins or the silicones, a diester of a dibasic acid with a monohydric alcohol, such as dioctyl sebacate or dinonyl adipate , a triester of trimethylolpropane with a monohydric acid or with a mixture of such acids, such as, for example, trimethylolpropane tripelargonate, trimethylolpropane tricaprylate or mixtures thereof, a tetraester of pentaerythritol with a monohydric acid or with a mixture of such acid, such as, for example, pentaerythritol tetracaprylate, or a complex esters of monohydric and dihydric acids with polyhydric alcohols, for example a
  • poly-a-olefins In addition to mineral oils, poly-a-olefins, ester-based lubricants, phosphates, glycols, polyglycols and polyalkylene glycols are particularly suitable.
  • the mixtures of phenols and amines described above can reduce or suppress the formation of black sludge, the thermal aging and the oxidation of the oil initiated by NO x .
  • the invention also relates to a method for preventing or reducing the formation of black sludge in lubricating oils of spark-ignited internal combustion engines, for keeping black sludge particles in the lubricating oil in suspension and for reducing black sludge deposits on the lubrication circuit system of spark-ignited internal combustion engines, which is characterized in that is that the lubricating oil circuit is operated with a phosphite-free lubricating oil composition as described above.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the mixtures of phenols and amines described above as antioxidants in lubricating oils.
  • Appropriate and preferred lubricating oil compositions can be derived analogously from the above description, in particular of the compounds of the formula I and the formula 11 and from their preferred compounds and the mixture ratios mentioned with one another.
  • the lubricating oil compositions contain phenols of the formula II or phenols, some of which have the formula II. If phenols, of which at least one has the formula II, are meant, it is a mixture of two or more phenols, of which at least one corresponds to the formula II and examples of one or more further phenols, for example the following list, e.g. under point 1. "Alkylated monophenols” and / or point 7. "Esters of ⁇ - (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid can be removed.
  • the lubricants can additionally contain other additives which are added in order to further improve the basic properties of lubricants. These include other antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, detergents, thickeners, biocides, anti-foaming agents, demulsifiers and emulsifiers, as well as high-pressure additives and friction reducers.
  • esters of ⁇ - (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g.
  • N N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hexamethylene diamine
  • N N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) trimethylene diamine
  • N N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hydrazine
  • Esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamide or dithiophosphoric acid are included in esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamide or dithiophosphoric acid.
  • metal deactivators e.g. for copper
  • metal deactivators e.g. for copper
  • Triazoles benzotriazoles and their derivatives, tolutriazoles and their derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzthiadiazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenztriazole, salicylides -propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and its salts.
  • rust inhibitors are:
  • viscosity index improvers examples are:
  • Polyacrylates polymethacrylates, vinyl pyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, polyethers.
  • pour point depressants examples are:
  • dispersants / surfactants examples are:
  • wear protection additives are:
  • Compounds containing sulfur and / or phosphorus and / or halogen such as sulfurized vegetable oils, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di- and tri-sulfides, triphenyl phosphorothionates, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di (2-ethylhexyl) aminol.
  • Example 2 The thermal aging of the formulations is carried out in a pressure differential calorimeter (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC).
  • the DSC cell thermal analysis system 1090 from DuPont
  • the DSC cell consists of a heating block made of silver.
  • a constantan plate containing the thermocouples Chromel-Alumel
  • Sample pans and reference pans are placed on the slightly elevated thermocouples.
  • the interior of the DSC cell is covered with a thin gold film (corrosion protection).
  • the reference pan remains empty, three drops of the respective formulation are poured into the sample pan.
  • the temperature difference between sample and reference pans is determined under isothermal conditions.
  • the enthalpy change dH / dt is given in mW. All measurements are carried out in air +400 ppm N0 2 .
  • the pressure is 8 bar.
  • Aral RL 136 a commercially available "black sludge reference oil", is used as the base oil. To increase the oil's susceptibility to oxidation, 1% 1-decene is added to this oil.
  • Example 3 The thermal aging of the oils is determined in a further, independent method.
  • a DSC pressure cell DuPont 770
  • the formulations are aged under the conditions air + 400 ppm NO 2 , pressure 8 bar.
  • the samples aged in the temperature range from 120 ° C to 150 ° C are then examined by means of IR spectroscopy. For this purpose, the spectra are standardized to the same layer thickness.
  • two peaks at 1730 cm- 1 and at 1630 cm- 1 are evaluated [1730 cm- 1 : 6-membered lactone and 1630 cm- 1 : nitrate ester].
  • a large number of oxidation products are created as the oils age.
  • the absorption bands of these compounds can overlap in the IR spectrum.
  • a reduction in these absorption bands is a measure of a lower oxidation.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

Phosphitfreie Schmierölzusammensetzung enthaltend a) ein Mineralöl oder ein synthetisches Oel oder eine Mischung davon und b) eine Mischung wenigstens eines aromatischen Amines der Formel <IMAGE> wobei R¹, R², R³ und R³' die in Anspruch 1 angegebene Bedeutung haben und wenigstens eines Phenols der Formel <IMAGE> wobei R<4>, R<5> und A die in Anspruch 1 angegebene Bedeutung haben, und in der Mischung die Verbindungen in einem Mischverhältnis von 2 bis 6 Gewichtsteilen des oder der aromatischen Amine der Formel I zu 1 Gewichtsteil des oder der Phenole der Formel II vorliegen. Die Schmierölzusammensetzungen weisen eine hohe Alterungsbeständigkeit auf und verhindern wirksam die Schwarzschlammbildung.Phosphite-free lubricating oil composition containing a) a mineral oil or a synthetic oil or a mixture thereof and b) a mixture of at least one aromatic amine of the formula <IMAGE> where R¹, R², R³ and R³ 'have the meaning given in claim 1 and at least one phenol Formula <IMAGE> wherein R <4>, R <5> and A have the meaning given in claim 1, and in the mixture the compounds in a mixing ratio of 2 to 6 parts by weight of the aromatic amine or formula I to 1 part by weight of or the phenols of the formula II are present. The lubricating oil compositions have a high resistance to aging and effectively prevent black sludge formation.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine phosphitfreie Schmierölzusammensetzung mit hoher Stabilität gegen oxidativen Abbau.The invention relates to a phosphite-free lubricating oil composition with high stability against oxidative degradation.

Es ist bekannt, Schmierstoffen, wie Mineralölen oder synthetischen und halbsynthetischen Oelen, Zusatzstoffe zur Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften zuzusetzen.It is known to add additives to lubricants, such as mineral oils or synthetic and semi-synthetic oils, to improve the properties of use.

Von grosser Bedeutung sind Zusatzstoffe, die den oxidativen Abbau der Schmierstoffe unterbinden und eine hohe Lager- und Wirkungsstabilität gewährleisten.Additives that prevent the oxidative degradation of the lubricants and ensure high storage and effectiveness are of great importance.

Insbesondere das thermooxidative Anforderungsprofil moderner Motorenöle hat sich infolge neuer Motorenkonstruktionen im Bereich der Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit Fremdzündung geändert. So bilden sich bei der heutigen Motorenauslegung und Betriebsweise vermehrt Stickoxide, die wiederum als "blow-by"-Gase ins Kurbelgehäuse gelangen.In particular, the thermo-oxidative requirement profile of modern engine oils has changed as a result of new engine designs in the field of internal combustion engines with spark ignition. In today's engine design and mode of operation, nitrogen oxides are increasingly formed, which in turn enter the crankcase as "blow-by" gases.

Weiteres übernimmt das Schmieröl im oberen Kolbenring- und Zylinderbereich die Feinabdichtung zum Verbrennungsraum. Hier kann es zur Kontamination mit hochsiedenden Kraftstoffkomponenten kommen. Diese vorgegebenen Bedingungen werden durch die Anwesenheit von NOX verschärft.The lubricating oil in the upper piston ring and cylinder area also provides fine sealing to the combustion chamber. This can lead to contamination with high-boiling fuel components. These conditions are exacerbated by the presence of NOX.

Die Durchblasgase, die zunehmend höhere NOx-Anteile aufweisen, bewirken nun eine grössere Oxidationsanfälligkeit des Schmieröles und es bilden sich "Schlammkeime", die letztlich zu unerwünschten Schlammablagerungen führen; die als "Schwarzschlamm" bekannt geworden sind.The blow- by gases, which have increasingly higher NO x contents, now cause the lubricating oil to be more susceptible to oxidation and "sludge germs" form, which ultimately lead to undesired sludge deposits; which have become known as "black mud".

Es ist davon auszugehen, dass es sich dabei um eine NOx-initiierte Autooxidation des Schmieröles handelt.It is assumed that there is a NO x -initiated auto-oxidation of the lubricating oil.

Es hat nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, Schmieröle durch Zusätze von Antioxidantien zu verbessern.There has been no shortage of attempts to improve lubricating oils by adding antioxidants.

So wird in der EP-A 0 149 422 ein Antioxidans auf der Basis von Diphenylaminen beschrieben. Bei dessen Anwendung in Schmierstoffen können, zur weiteren Verbesserung der Grundeigenschaften, zusätzliche Additive wie hydroxylierte Thiophenylether, Alkyliden-Bisphenole oder Thioester der ß-(5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-propionsäure eingesetzt werden.For example, EP-A 0 149 422 describes an antioxidant based on diphenylamines. When used in lubricants, additional additives such as hydroxylated thiophenyl ether, alkylidene bisphenols or thioesters of β- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionic acid can be used to further improve the basic properties.

Weitere Antioxidans - Zusammensetzungen zur Verwendung mit Schmierstoffen sind aus der WO 87/05320 bekannt. Es werden bestimmte hydroxylierte Thiomethylether beschrieben, die in Mischung mit Diphenylaminen angewendet werden.Further antioxidant compositions for use with lubricants are known from WO 87/05320. Certain hydroxylated thiomethyl ethers are described which are used in a mixture with diphenylamines.

Aus der EP-A 0 049 133 ist eine Stabilisatorzusammensetzung, die u.a. auch für Schmieröle geeignet ist, bekannt, enthaltend Diphenylamine, Phosphite, Thiodipropionsäureester und gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere polysubstituierte Phenole. Phosphite als Bestandteil eines Stabilisators, der in einem Motorenschmieröl zur Anwendung gelangt, sind im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Desaktivierung des Katalysators durch mit dem Abgas entweichende Phosphorverbindungen, in ihrer Menge zu beschränken oder bevorzugt ganz wegzulassen.EP-A 0 049 133 describes a stabilizer composition which, inter alia, is also suitable for lubricating oils, known, containing diphenylamines, phosphites, thiodipropionic acid esters and optionally one or more polysubstituted phenols. Phosphite as a constituent of a stabilizer, which is used in an engine lubricating oil, must be limited or preferably omitted in view of a possible deactivation of the catalyst by phosphorus compounds escaping with the exhaust gas.

Es wurden nun neue Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen und dabei insbesondere Schmierölzusammensetzungen gefunden, die weiter verbesserte Eingenschaften gegenüber den bisher bekannt gewordenen Produkten aufweisen, sich durch hohe Stabilität gegenüber oxidativer Degradation auszeichnen und insbesondere die negativen Wirkungen von Schwarzschlamm im fremdgezündeten Verbrennungskraftmaschinen nachhaltig zu mindern vermögen.New lubricant compositions, and in particular lubricating oil compositions, have now been found which have further improved properties compared to the previously known products, are distinguished by high stability against oxidative degradation and in particular are able to sustainably reduce the negative effects of black sludge in spark ignition internal combustion engines.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine phosphitfreie Schmieröl-Zusammensetzung enthaltend.

  • a) ein Mineralöl oder ein synthetisches Oel oder eine Mischung davon und
  • b) eine Mischung enthaltend wenigstens ein aromatisches Amin der Formel
    Figure imgb0001
    wobei R1 die Bedeutung von H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, Allyl, Methallyl, Benzyl oder Ci-Cy alkylsubstituiertem Benzyl hat, R2 die Bedeutung von Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, mit Ci-C4-Aiky! substituiertes Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, Phenyl, Naphthyl, Phenyl substituiert mit -OH, mit
    Figure imgb0002
    mit C1 bis C18-Alkoxy, mit C7 bis Cg-Aralkyl oder mit einer oder mehreren Alkylgruppen mit insgesamt 1 bis 24 C-Atomen oder von
    Figure imgb0003
    wobei R' = H oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen ist, hat, R11 und R12 unabhängig voneinander H oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen bedeuten, R3 die Bedeutung von H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen oder Aralkyl mit 7 bis 9 C-Atomen und R3'die Bedeutung von H oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen hat, und wenigstens ein Phenol der Formel
    Figure imgb0004
    wobei R4 die Bedeutung von H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen, Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, mit Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiertem Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, Phenyl oder -CH2-S-R10 hat, R5 die Bedeutung von Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen, Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, mit C1-C4-Alkyl substituiertem Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, Phenvl oder -CH2-S-R10 hat, und A die Bedeutung von CqH2q-Sx-Y oder
    Figure imgb0005
    hat, und Y -H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, Phenyl, C1-C24-alkylsubstituiertes Phenyl, Benzyl,
    Figure imgb0006
    oder, wenn q = 0 ist,
    Figure imgb0007
    wobei R4 und R5 jeweils die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben, ist, und
    • b = 1 oder 2 ist,
    • d = 0, 1, 2 oder 3 ist,
    • q = 0, 1, 2 oder 3 ist,
    • x = 1, 2, 3 oder 4 ist,
    • R6 = C1-C24-Alkyl bedeutet,
    • R7=
      Figure imgb0008
      Figure imgb0009
      Figure imgb0010
      oder
      Figure imgb0011
      bedeutet,
  • bedeutet, wobei d jeweils = 0, 1, 2 oder 3 und t = 2, 3, 4, 5 oder 6 ist, und wobei R4 und R5 jeweils die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben, und
  • R8 und R9 unabhängig voneinander H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 12 C-Atomen, Phenyl oder Phenyl, substituiert mit einer oder zwei C1 bis C4-Alkylgruppen und/oder -OH darstellen, oder
  • R8 und R9 zusammen mit dem sie verknüpfenden C-Atom eine C5-C12-Cycloalkylgruppe bilden, und
  • R1°= C1-C18-Alkyl, Phenyl oder
    Figure imgb0012
    bedeutet, wobei b und R6 die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben, und
The present invention relates to a phosphite-free lubricating oil composition containing.
  • a) a mineral oil or a synthetic oil or a mixture thereof and
  • b) a mixture containing at least one aromatic amine of the formula
    Figure imgb0001
    where R 1 is H, alkyl having 1 to 18 C atoms, allyl, methallyl, benzyl or Ci-Cy alkyl-substituted benzyl, R 2 is alkyl having 1 to 18 C atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 C -Atoms, with Ci-C4-Aiky! substituted cycloalkyl with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl substituted with -OH, with
    Figure imgb0002
    with C 1 to C 18 alkoxy, with C 7 to Cg aralkyl or with one or more alkyl groups with a total of 1 to 24 C atoms or from
    Figure imgb0003
    where R '= H or alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R 11 and R 12 independently of one another are H or alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R 3 is H, alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms -Atoms or aralkyl with 7 to 9 carbon atoms and R 3 'has the meaning of H or alkyl with 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and at least one phenol of the formula
    Figure imgb0004
    where R 4 has the meaning of H, alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl substituted by Ci-C 4 alkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl or -CH 2 -SR 10 , R 5 has the meaning of alkyl with 1 to 24 C atoms, cycloalkyl with 5 to 12 C atoms, cycloalkyl with 5 to 12 C atoms substituted with C 1 -C 4 alkyl, phenol or -CH 2 - SR 10 has, and A has the meaning of CqH 2 qS x -Y or
    Figure imgb0005
    and Y has -H, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl-substituted phenyl, benzyl,
    Figure imgb0006
    or, if q = 0,
    Figure imgb0007
    where R 4 and R 5 each have the meaning given above, and
    • b = 1 or 2,
    • d = 0, 1, 2 or 3,
    • q = 0, 1, 2 or 3,
    • x = 1, 2, 3 or 4,
    • R 6 = C 1 -C 24 alkyl,
    • R 7 =
      Figure imgb0008
      Figure imgb0009
      Figure imgb0010
      or
      Figure imgb0011
      means
  • means, where d each = 0, 1, 2 or 3 and t = 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and wherein R 4 and R 5 each have the meaning given above, and
  • R 8 and R 9 independently of one another represent H, alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, phenyl or phenyl, substituted by one or two C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups and / or -OH, or
  • R 8 and R 9 together with the C atom linking them form a C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl group, and
  • R 1 ° = C 1 -C 18 alkyl, phenyl or
    Figure imgb0012
    means, where b and R 6 have the meaning given above, and

in der Mischung die Verbindungen in einem Mischungsverhältnis von 2 bis 6 Gewichtsteilen des oder der aromatischen Amine der Formel I zu 1 Gewichtsteil des oder der Phenole der Formel II oder von Phenolen, wovon wenigstens eines die Formel II aufweist, vorliegen.in the mixture the compounds are present in a mixing ratio of 2 to 6 parts by weight of the aromatic amine or formula I to 1 part by weight of the phenol or formula II or phenols, at least one of which has the formula II.

Die erfindungsgemässe Zusammensetzung betrifft phosphitfreie Schmieröl-Zusammensetzungen enthaltend (a) eine Mineralöl oder ein synthetisches Oel oder eine Mischung davon und (b) eine Mischung wie oben angeführt.The composition according to the invention relates to phosphite-free lubricating oil compositions containing (a) a mineral oil or a synthetic oil or a mixture thereof and (b) a mixture as mentioned above.

Die Zusammensetzung betrifft erfindungsgemäss zweckmässig solche der vorbeschriebenen Art, worin das Schmieröl ein Oel für fremdgezündete Verbrennungskraftmaschinen ist.According to the invention, the composition expediently relates to those of the type described above, in which the lubricating oil is an oil for spark-ignited internal combustion engines.

Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere Zusammensetzungen der vorbeschriebenen Art der API-Klassifikation SF, SG, CD und/oder CE, der CRC-Spezifikation 1-G 1 oder 1-G 2 oder der CCMC-Spezifikation G 1, G 2, G 3, D 1, D 2, D 3 und/oder PD 1.The invention particularly relates to compositions of the type described above of the API classification SF, SG, CD and / or CE, the CRC specification 1-G 1 or 1-G 2 or the CCMC specification G 1, G 2, G 3, D. 1, D 2, D 3 and / or PD 1.

Demnach stellen die Zusammensetzungen Motorenöle für Kraftfahrzeuge, und dabei im wesentlichen für Personenkraftwagenmotoren und Nutzfahrzeugmotoren, dar, die in der API-Klassifikation (American Petroleum Institute) der Klassifikation mit den Kennbuchstaben SF und CD oder SG und CD, in der CRC-Klassifikation (Coordinating Research Council) dem genormten "Caterpillar"-Test 1-G 1 oder 1-G 2 und in der CCMC-Klassifikation (Committee of Common Market Automobile Constructors) der Klasse 1 oder 2 entsprechen.Accordingly, the compositions represent motor oils for motor vehicles, and essentially for passenger car engines and commercial vehicle engines, which in the API classification (American Petroleum Institute) have the classification with the letters SF and CD or SG and CD, in the CRC classification (coordinating Research Council) the standardized "Caterpillar" test 1-G 1 or 1-G 2 and in the CCMC classification (Committee of Common Market Automobile Constructors) class 1 or 2.

Bevorzugte Zusammensetzungen mit obengenannten Spezifikationen lassen sich sinngemäss aus nachfolgender Beschreibung aus den als zweckmässig oder bevorzugt bezeichneten Verbindungen der Formeln I und II herleiten.Preferred compositions with the above-mentioned specifications can be derived analogously from the following description from the compounds of the formulas I and II designated as expedient or preferred.

Zweckmässig liegen in der Mischung die Verbindungen in einem Mischungsverhältnis von 4 bis 5 Gewichtsteilen, vorzugsweise 4,5 Gewichtsteile, des oder der aromatischen Amine der Formel I zu 1 Gewichtsteil des oder der Phenole der Formel II, oder von Phenolen, wovon wenigstens eines die Formel II aufweist, vor.The compounds in the mixture are expediently in a mixing ratio of 4 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 4.5 parts by weight, of the aromatic amine (s) of the formula I to 1 part by weight of the phenol (s) of the formula II, or of phenols, at least one of which has the formula II has before.

In den erfindungsgemässen Zusammensetzungen hat in zweckmässiger Ausführungsform der Substituent R2 in den Verbindungen der Formel 1 die Bedeutung von Phenyl, Naphthyl oder Phenyl, substituiert mit einer oder mehrerer Alkylgruppen mit insgesamt 1 bis 18 C-Atomen und bevorzugt hat R2 die Bedeutung von Phenyl oder Phenyl, substituiert mit einer oder mehreren Alkylgruppen mit insgesamt 4 bis 8 C-Atomen. Bevorzugt wird in Zusammensetzungen nach der Erfindung als Substituent R1 in Verbindungen der Formel 1 -H.In an advantageous embodiment, the substituent R 2 in the compounds of the formula 1 in the compositions according to the invention has the meaning of phenyl, naphthyl or phenyl, substituted by one or more alkyl groups having a total of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and preferably R 2 has the meaning of phenyl or phenyl, substituted with one or more alkyl groups with a total of 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Preferred in compositions according to the invention is the substituent R 1 in compounds of the formula 1 -H.

Zu den zweckmässigen Zusammensetzungen gehören solche, in denen R3 in Verbindungen der Formel I die Bedeutung von H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen oder Aralkyl mit 7 bis 9 C-Atomen hat und bevorzugt werden die Verbindungen, in denen R3 die Bedeutung von H oder Alkyl mit 4 bis 8 C-Atomen hat. In bevorzugter Form steht R3 in p-(oder 4-)Stellung. Zweckmässig sind Zusammensetzungen, in denen R3' in Verbindungen der Formel 1 die Bedeutung von H oder Alkyl mit 4 bis 8 C-Atomen hat. In bevorzugter Form steht R3' in o- (oder 2-)Stellung.The useful compositions include those in which R 3 in compounds of the formula I is H, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or aralkyl having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, and preference is given to the compounds in which R 3 is the Meaning of H or alkyl with 4 to 8 carbon atoms. In a preferred form, R 3 is in the p- (or 4-) position. Compositions are expedient in which R 3 'in compounds of the formula 1 has the meaning of H or alkyl having 4 to 8 C atoms. In a preferred form, R 3 'is in the o- (or 2-) position.

Die Zusammensetzung nach vorliegender Erfindung kann mehrere aromatische Amine der Formel I enthalten, wobei zweckmässig eine Mischung von

  • a) Diphenylamin,
  • b) 4-Tert-butyldiphenylamin
  • c) i) 4-Tert-octyldiphenylamin
  • c) ii) 4,4'Di-Tert-butyldiphenylamin
  • c) iii) 2,4,4'-Tris-tert-butyldiphenylamin
  • d) i) 4-tert-Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin
  • d) ii) o,o', m,m', oder p,p'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin
  • d) iii) 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin
  • e) i) 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin
  • e) ii) 2,4-Di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamin enthalten ist und vorzugsweise betragen die Mengenanteile der aromatischen Amine in der Mischung, bei einer Summe von 100 % für die Mischung, maximal a) 5 Gew.-% Diphenylamin, b) 8 bis 15 Gew.-% 4-Tert-butyldiphenylamin, 24 bis 32 Gew.-% von Verbindungen aus der Gruppe c), 23 - 34 Gew.-% von Verbindungen aus der Gruppe d) und 21 - 34 Gew-% von Verbindungen aus der Gruppe e).
The composition according to the present invention can contain several aromatic amines of the formula I, a mixture of
  • a) diphenylamine,
  • b) 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine
  • c) i) 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine
  • c) ii) 4,4'Di-tert-butyldiphenylamine
  • c) iii) 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine
  • d) i) 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine
  • d) ii) o, o ', m, m', or p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine
  • d) iii) 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine
  • e) i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine
  • e) ii) 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine is contained and preferably the quantitative proportions of the aromatic amines in the mixture, with a total of 100% for the mixture, are at most a) 5% by weight. % Diphenylamine, b) 8 to 15% by weight 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 24 to 32% by weight of compounds from group c), 23-34% by weight of compounds from group d) and 21 - 34% by weight of compounds from group e).

Die vorliegenden Zusammensetzungen enthalten neben wenigstens einer Verbindung der Formel I aus der Reihe der aromatischen Amine wengistens eine Verbindung der Formel II aus der Reihe der Phenole.In addition to at least one compound of the formula I from the series of the aromatic amines, the present compositions may contain a compound of the formula II from the series of the phenols.

Zweckmässige Verbindungen der Formel II sind solche, worin A in der Formel II CqH2q-Sx-Y bedeutet, q = 0 oder 1 und x = 1 oder 2 ist und Y Alkyl mit 4 bis 18 C-Atomen, Phenyl, C2 bis C8 alkylsubstituiertes Phenyl oder

Figure imgb0013
bedeutet, wobei R6 Ci bis C18-Alkvl ist, und vorzuasweise A die Bedeutuna von CH2-S-Y hat, wobei Y
Figure imgb0014
bedeutet und R6 dabei die Bedeutung von C8 bis C13-Alkyl und insbesondere iso-C8 bis iso-C13-Alkyl hat.Appropriate compounds of the formula II are those in which A in the formula II is CqH 2 qS x -Y, q = 0 or 1 and x = 1 or 2 and Y is alkyl having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, C 2 to C 8 alkyl substituted phenyl or
Figure imgb0013
means, wherein R 6 is Ci to C 18 alkylene, and preferably A has the meaning of CH 2 -SY, where Y
Figure imgb0014
means and R 6 has the meaning of C 8 to C 13 alkyl and in particular iso-C 8 to iso-C 13 alkyl.

In bevorzugten Verbindungen der Formel II hat A die Bedeutung von wobei d = 2 oder 3 ist und R7

Figure imgb0015
Figure imgb0016
Figure imgb0017
Figure imgb0018
oder
Figure imgb0019
bedeutet, wobei d jeweils 2 oder 3 ist, R4 und R5 die obengenannte Bedeutung haben und R8 und R9 unanhängig voneinander H, Ci bis C9-Alkyl oder Phenyl oder
Figure imgb0020
darstellen. R7 stellt vorzugsweise
Figure imgb0021
dar. In einer anderen zweckmässigen Ausführungsform hat A in den Verbindungen der Formel II die Bedeutung
Figure imgb0022
wobei x = 1 oder 2, R4 H oder C1 bis C5-Alkyl und R5 Ci bis C5-Alkyl ist und vorzugsweise R4 und R5 jeweils tert-Butyl sind.In preferred compounds of formula II, A has the meaning of where d = 2 or 3 and R 7
Figure imgb0015
Figure imgb0016
Figure imgb0017
Figure imgb0018
or
Figure imgb0019
means, where d is in each case 2 or 3, R 4 and R 5 have the abovementioned meaning and R 8 and R 9 independently of one another are H, C 1 to C 9 -alkyl or phenyl or
Figure imgb0020
represent. R 7 preferably represents
Figure imgb0021
In another expedient embodiment, A has the meaning in the compounds of the formula II
Figure imgb0022
where x = 1 or 2, R 4 is H or C 1 to C 5 alkyl and R 5 is C i to C 5 alkyl and preferably R 4 and R 5 are each tert-butyl.

Besonders zweckmässig sind Zusammensetzungen, enthaltend Verbindungen der Formel II, worin R4 die Bedeutung von Wasserstoff oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen hat und vorzugsweise die Bedeutung von Alkyl mit 4-C-Atomen und insbesondere von tert-Butyl hat.Compositions containing compounds of the formula II in which R 4 has the meaning of hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms and preferably the meaning of alkyl having 4 C atoms and in particular tert-butyl are particularly useful.

Zusammensetzungen, die einer zweckmässigen Ausführungsform entsprechen, sind solche, in denen R5 in Verbindungen der Formel 11 die Bedeutung von Alkyl mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise von Alkyl mit 4-C-Atomen und insbesondere von tert-Butyl hat.Compositions which correspond to a suitable embodiment are those in which R 5 in compounds of the formula 11 has the meaning of alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl having 4 carbon atoms and in particular tert-butyl.

Den bevorzugten Verbindungen der Formel 11 sind weiters

Figure imgb0023
wobei R13 = i-C8H17 bis i-C13H27 und insbesondere i-C8H17 oder i-C13H27, darstellt, zuzuordnen.The preferred compounds of formula 11 are also
Figure imgb0023
where R 13 = iC 8 H 17 to iC 13 H 27 and in particular iC 8 H 17 or iC 13 H 27 .

Bedeuten R1, R2 und R' Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, wo werden damit beispielsweise Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl, Isobutyl, 2-Butyl, tert-Butyl, Pentyl, Isopentyl, Hexyl, Heptyl, 3-Heptyl, Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, Nonyl, Decyl, Undecyl, Dodecyl, Tridecyl, Tetradecyl, Pentadecyl, Hexadecyl, Heptadecyl oder Octadecyl, und weiteres Isoamyl, 2-Ethylbutyl, 1-Methylpentyl, 1,3-Dimethylbutyl, 1,1,3,3,-Tetramethylbutyl, 1-Methylhexyl, Isoheptyl, 1-Methylheptyl, 1,1,3-Trimethylhexyl, 1-Methylundecyl und weitere verstanden. Ist Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen genannt, so wird darüberhinaus z.B. noch Eicosyl, HemicosyJ und Docosyl umfasst. Die Bedeutung von Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen für R2, -R4 und R5 kann Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, Cycloheptyl, Cyclooctyl, Cyclononyl, Cyclodecyl, Cycloundecyl oder Cyclododecyl sein oder darüberhinaus kann die C5-C12-Cycloalkylgruppe gegebenenfalls durch Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiert sein und beispielsweise 2- oder 4-Methylcyclohexyl, Dimethylcyclohexyl, Trimethylcyclohexyl oder t-Butylcyclohexyl darstellen.R 1 , R 2 and R 'are alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, where, for example, are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, 2-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, Heptyl, 3-heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl or octadecyl, and further isoamyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,1,3,3, -Tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylhexyl, isoheptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1-methylundecyl and others understood. If alkyl with 1 to 24 C atoms is mentioned, it also includes, for example, eicosyl, hemicosyl and docosyl. The meaning of cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms for R 2 , -R 4 and R 5 can be cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl or cyclododecyl or, in addition, the C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl group can optionally be substituted by Ci-C 4 alkyl and represent, for example, 2- or 4-methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, trimethylcyclohexyl or t-butylcyclohexyl.

Stellt R2 substituiertes Phenyl dar, so kann die Phenylgruppe beispielsweise mit C1-C18-Alkoxy, oder mit einer oder mehreren Alkylgruppen mit insgesamt 24 C-Atomen substituiert sein.If R 2 represents substituted phenyl, the phenyl group can be substituted, for example, with C 1 -C 18 alkoxy, or with one or more alkyl groups with a total of 24 C atoms.

Beispiele für Ci bis C18-Alkoxy sind Methoxy-, Ethoxy-, Propoxy-, Butoxy, Pentoxy, Hexoxy, 2-Ethylhexoxy oder Octoxy.Examples of Ci to C 18 alkoxy are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, 2-ethylhexoxy or octoxy.

Als C7 bis Cg-Aralkyl kann beispielsweise Benzyl und a-Methylbenzyl genannt werden.As C 7 to Cg aralkyl, for example, benzyl and a-methylbenzyl can be mentioned.

Phenylgruppen, die mit Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen substituiert sind, können beispielsweise 2-, 3-oder 4-Methylphenyl, 2-, 3- oder 4-Ethylphenyl, 2-, 3- oder 4-Propylphenyl, 2-, 3-oder 4-Butylphenyl, 2-, 3- oder 4-tert-Butylphenyl, 2-, 3- oder 4-Octylphenyl, 2-, 3- oder 4-tert-Octylphenyl, 2,4-di-Tert-butylphenyl oder 2,4-di-Tert-octylphenyl sein.Phenyl groups which are substituted by alkyl groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms can be, for example, 2-, 3- or 4-methylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-ethylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-propylphenyl, 2-, 3-or 4-butylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-tert-butylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-octylphenyl, 2-, 3- or 4-tert-octylphenyl, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl or 2,4-di-tert-octylphenyl.

Als C1-C11 alkylsubstituiertes Benzyl können beispielhaft 2-, 3- oder 4-Methylbenzyl, Ethylbenzyl, Propylbenzyl, n-Butylbenzyl, tert-Butylbenzyl, n-Octylbenzyl, 3,5-Di-tert-octylbenzyl oder 2,4-Di-tert-butylbenzyl oder 2,4-Di-tert-octylbenzyl aufgezählt werden.Examples of C 1 -C 11 alkyl-substituted benzyl include 2-, 3- or 4-methylbenzyl, ethylbenzyl, propylbenzyl, n-butylbenzyl, tert-butylbenzyl, n-octylbenzyl, 3,5-di-tert-octylbenzyl or 2,4- Di-tert-butylbenzyl or 2,4-di-tert-octylbenzyl can be listed.

Bedeutet R3 C7 bis Cg-Aralkyl, so kann beispielsweise Benzyl oder Methylbenzyl genannt werden.If R 3 is C 7 to Cg-aralkyl, benzyl or methylbenzyl can be mentioned, for example.

Die Bedeutung von R4, R5 und R6 kann Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen sein. R4 und R5 kann auch Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen darstellen. Entsprechende Beispiele für derartige Alkylgruppen und Cycloalkylgruppen sind vorstehend angegeben.The meaning of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be alkyl with 1 to 24 carbon atoms. R 4 and R 5 can also be cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms. Corresponding examples of such alkyl groups and cycloalkyl groups are given above.

Sinngemäss lassen sich Beispiele für Ci bis C18-Alkyl für Y oder R10, R11 oder R12 aus der vorstehenden Aufzählung der Alkylreste entnehmen.Examples of C 1 to C 18 alkyl for Y or R 10 , R 11 or R 12 can be taken from the above list of alkyl radicals.

Alkylreste mit 8 bis 13 C-Atomen, wie sie für R6 genannt werden sind den obigen Beispielen zu entnehemen, iso-Verbindungen sind 2-Ethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl, 1-Methylheptyl, 1,1,3-Trimethylhexyl und 1-Methylundecyl. Auch für die zu R8 und R9 genannten Alkyl- und Cycloalkylgruppen sind entsprechend der C-Kettenlänge Beispiele aus den obenstehenden Aufzählungen zuzuordnen.Alkyl radicals with 8 to 13 carbon atoms, as they are called for R 6 , can be found in the examples above, iso compounds are 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 1,1,3 -Trimethylhexyl and 1-methylundecyl. For the alkyl and cycloalkyl groups mentioned for R 8 and R 9 , examples from the above lists can also be assigned in accordance with the C chain length.

Eine bevorzugte Zusammensetzung enthält eine Mischung aus aromatischen Aminen, wobei die Gesamtmenge der Amine unter sich 100 Gew.-% ist und davon maximal a) 5 Gew.-% Diphenylamin, 8 bis.15 Gew.-% 4-tert-Butyl-diphenylamin, 24 - 32 Gew -% Amine der Gruppe 4-Tert-ootyldiphenylamin, 4,4'-Di-tert-butyldiphenylamin, 2,4,4'-Tris-tert-butyldiphenylamin, 23 bis 34 Gew.-% Amine der Gruppe 4-tert-Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin, o,o',m,m' oder p,p'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin, 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin und 21 bis 34 Gew.-% 2,4-Di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyidiphenylamin und/oder 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin sind, und einem Phenol der Formel

Figure imgb0024
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amine zu Phenol 4 bis 5 : 1 und vorzugsweise 4,5 : 1 beträgt.A preferred composition contains a mixture of aromatic amines, the total amount of the amines among them being 100% by weight and a maximum of them a) 5% by weight diphenylamine, 8 to 15% by weight 4-tert-butyl-diphenylamine , 24-32% by weight of amines from the group 4-tert-ootyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 23 to 34% by weight of amines from the group 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine, o, o ', m, m' or p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 21 to 34% by weight of 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyidiphenylamine and / or 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, and a phenol of the formula
Figure imgb0024
wherein the weight ratio of amines to phenol is 4 to 5: 1 and preferably 4.5: 1.

Eine andere bevorzugte Zusammensetzung enthält eine Mischung aus einem aromatischen Amin der Formel

Figure imgb0025
und einem Phenol der Formel
Figure imgb0026
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amin zu Phenol 4 bis 5 : 1 und vorzugsweise 4,5 : 1 beträgt.Another preferred composition contains a mixture of an aromatic amine of the formula
Figure imgb0025
and a phenol of the formula
Figure imgb0026
wherein the weight ratio of amine to phenol is 4 to 5: 1 and preferably 4.5: 1.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Zusammensetzung enthält eine Mischung aus 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin und einem oder beiden Phenolen der Formeln

Figure imgb0027
und/oder
Figure imgb0028
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amin zu gesamtem Phenol 4 bis 5 : 1 und vorzugsweise 4,5 : 1 beträgt.Another preferred composition contains a mixture of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and one or both phenols of the formulas
Figure imgb0027
and or
Figure imgb0028
wherein the weight ratio of amine to total phenol is 4 to 5: 1 and preferably 4.5: 1.

Eine auch bevorzugte Zusammensetzung, enthält eine Mischung aus aromatischen Aminen, wobei jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Amine, maximal 5 Gew.-% Diphenylamin, 8 bis 15 Gew.-% 4-tert-Butyldiphenylamin, 24 - 32 Gew.-% Amine der Gruppe 4-Tert-octyldiphenylamin, 4,4'-Di-tert-butyldiphenylamin, 2,4,4'-Tris-tert-butyldiphenylamin, 23-34 Gew.-% Amine der Gruppe 4-tert-Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin, o,o',m,m' oder p,p'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin, 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin und 21 bis 34 Gew.-% 2,4-Di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamin und/oder 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin enthalten sind, und einem Phenol der Formel

Figure imgb0029
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amin zu Phenol 4 bis 5 : 1 und vorzugsweise 4,5 : 1 beträgt.A also preferred composition contains a mixture of aromatic amines, each based on the total amount of amines, a maximum of 5 wt .-% diphenylamine, 8 to 15 wt .-% 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 24-32 wt .-% amines the group 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 23-34% by weight amines of the group 4-tert-butyl-4 ' -tert-octyldiphenylamine, o, o ', m, m' or p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 21 to 34% by weight 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine and / or 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine are contained, and a phenol of the formula
Figure imgb0029
wherein the weight ratio of amine to phenol is 4 to 5: 1 and preferably 4.5: 1.

Auch als bevorzugt zu nennen ist eine Zusammensetzung, enthaltend eine Mischung aus 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin und ein Phenolgemisch seinerseits bestehend aus

Figure imgb0030
Figure imgb0031
und
Figure imgb0032
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amin zu Phenolen 4 bis 5 : 1 und vorzugsweise 4,5 : 1 beträgt.Also to be mentioned as preferred is a composition comprising a mixture of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and a phenol mixture in turn consisting of
Figure imgb0030
Figure imgb0031
and
Figure imgb0032
wherein the weight ratio of amine to phenols is 4 to 5: 1 and preferably 4.5: 1.

Eine Gruppe der Diphenylamine, wie sie erfindungsgemäss eingesetzt werden, kann beispielsweise nach einem Verfahren, wie in der EP-A 0 149 422 beschrieben, durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen in Gegenwart eines aktiven Tonerdekatalysators, hergestellt werden.A group of the diphenylamines as used according to the invention can be prepared, for example, by a process as described in EP-A 0 149 422 by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene in the presence of an active alumina catalyst.

Die Phenole sind bekannt und können beispielsweise nach einem Verfahren gemäss der DE-A 23 64 121 oder der DE-A 23 64 126 hergestellt werden.The phenols are known and can be prepared, for example, by a process according to DE-A 23 64 121 or DE-A 23 64 126.

Diese letzteren Verfahren zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass ein Phenol mit Methylacrylat und einem ein- oder zweiwertigen Alkohol oder einem Thioester oder einem Mono- oder Diamin oder einem Thioether in Gegenwart eines alkalischen Katalysators umgesetzt wird.These latter processes are characterized in that a phenol is reacted with methyl acrylate and a mono- or dihydric alcohol or a thioester or a mono- or diamine or a thioether in the presence of an alkaline catalyst.

Die Mischung nach der Erfindung kann ein Amin und ein Phenol enthalten, es ist aber ebenso möglich, dass die Mischung ein oder mehrere Amine und ein oder mehrere Phenole enthält.The mixture according to the invention can contain an amine and a phenol, but it is also possible that the mixture contains one or more amines and one or more phenols.

Die Amine und Phenole werden z.B., in den angegebenen Mengenverhältnissen untereinander, vorgemischt. Dieses Gemisch kann dann beispielsweise in Mengen von 0,01 bis 10 Gew.-%, zweckmässig von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 2 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das fertige Schmieröl, diesem zugemischt werden.For example, the amines and phenols are premixed with one another in the stated proportions. This mixture can then be added, for example, in amounts of 0.01 to 10% by weight, advantageously 0.1 to 5% by weight and preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight, based on the finished lubricating oil .

Die Phenole und Amine können auch einzeln nacheinander dem Schmieröl einzeln zugemischt werden, wobei die genannten Mischungs- und Konzentrationsverhältnisse eingehalten werden müssen.The phenols and amines can also be mixed individually one after the other into the lubricating oil, the mixing and concentration ratios mentioned having to be observed.

Als Schmieröle kommen Mineralöle oder teil- oder vollsynthetische Oele zur Anwendung. Derartige Oele und artverwandte Produkte sind beispielsweise in Schewe-Kobek, "Das Schmiermittel-Taschenbuch", Hüthig Verlag Heidelberg, 4. Auflage, 1974, oder in Dieter Klamann, "Schmierstoffe und artverwandte Produkte", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1982, beschrieben.Mineral oils or partially or fully synthetic oils are used as lubricating oils. Such oils and related products are described, for example, in Schewe-Kobek, "The Lubricant Pocket Book", Hüthig Verlag Heidelberg, 4th edition, 1974, or in Dieter Klamann, "Lubricants and Related Products", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1982.

Das Schmieröl kann beispielsweise auf einem Mineralöl basieren. Die Mineralöle basieren insbesondere aus Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen.The lubricating oil can be based on a mineral oil, for example. The mineral oils are based in particular on hydrocarbon compounds.

Beispiele von synthetischen Schmierstoffen umfassen Schmierstoffe auf der Basis der aliphatischen oder aromatischen Carboxylester, der polymeren Ester, der Polyalkylenoxide, der Phosphorsäureester, der Poly-d-olefine oder der Silicone, eines Diesters einer zweiwertigen Säure mit einem einwertigen Alkohol, wie z.B. Dioctylsebacat oder Dinonyladipat, eines Triesters von Trimethylolpropan mit einer einwertigen Säure oder mit einem Gemisch solcher Säuren, wie z.B. Trimethylolpropantripelargonat, Trimethylolpropan-tricaprylat oder Gemische davon, eines Tetraesters von Pentaerythrit mit einer einwertigen Säure oder mit einem Gemisch solcher Säure, wie z.B. Pentaerythrit-tetracaprylat, oder eines komplexen Esters von einwertigen und zweiwertigen Säuren mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen, z.B. ein komplexer Ester von Trimethylolpropan mit Capryl- und Sebacinsäure oder von einem Gemisch davon. Besonders geeignet sind neben Mineralölen z.B. Poly-a-Olefine, Schmierstoffe auf Esterbasis, Phosphate, Glykole, Polyglykole und Polyalkylenglykole. Die vorstehend beschriebenen Mischungen aus Phenolen und Aminen vermag die Bildung von Schwarzschlamm, die thermische Alterung und die durch NOx initiierte Oxidation des Oeles zu mindern oder zu unterdrücken.Examples of synthetic lubricants include lubricants based on the aliphatic or aromatic carboxyl esters, the polymeric esters, the polyalkylene oxides, the phosphoric acid esters, the poly-d-olefins or the silicones, a diester of a dibasic acid with a monohydric alcohol, such as dioctyl sebacate or dinonyl adipate , a triester of trimethylolpropane with a monohydric acid or with a mixture of such acids, such as, for example, trimethylolpropane tripelargonate, trimethylolpropane tricaprylate or mixtures thereof, a tetraester of pentaerythritol with a monohydric acid or with a mixture of such acid, such as, for example, pentaerythritol tetracaprylate, or a complex esters of monohydric and dihydric acids with polyhydric alcohols, for example a complex ester of trimethylolpropane with caprylic and sebacic acid or a mixture thereof. In addition to mineral oils, poly-a-olefins, ester-based lubricants, phosphates, glycols, polyglycols and polyalkylene glycols are particularly suitable. The mixtures of phenols and amines described above can reduce or suppress the formation of black sludge, the thermal aging and the oxidation of the oil initiated by NO x .

Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Verhinderung oder Verminderung der Bildung von Schwarzschlamm in Schmierölen von fremdgezündeten Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, zum in Schwebe halten von Schwarzschlammpartikeln im Schmieröl und zum Abbau von Schwarzschlammablagerungen am Schmierkreislaufsystem von fremdgezündeten Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Schmierölkreislauf mit einer phosphitfreien Schmieröl-Zusammensetzung, wie oben beschrieben, betrieben wird.The invention also relates to a method for preventing or reducing the formation of black sludge in lubricating oils of spark-ignited internal combustion engines, for keeping black sludge particles in the lubricating oil in suspension and for reducing black sludge deposits on the lubrication circuit system of spark-ignited internal combustion engines, which is characterized in that is that the lubricating oil circuit is operated with a phosphite-free lubricating oil composition as described above.

Schliesslich betrifft die Erfindung auch die Verwendung vorstehend beschriebener Mischungen aus Phenolen und Aminen als Antioxidantien in Schmierölen.Finally, the invention also relates to the use of the mixtures of phenols and amines described above as antioxidants in lubricating oils.

Zweckmässige und bevorzugte Schmieröl-Zusammensetzungen lassen sich sinngemäss aus der obigen Beschreibung insbesondere der Verbindungen der Formel I und der Formel 11 und aus deren bevorzugten Verbindungen und bevorzugt genannten Mischungsverhältnisse untereinander, ableiten.Appropriate and preferred lubricating oil compositions can be derived analogously from the above description, in particular of the compounds of the formula I and the formula 11 and from their preferred compounds and the mixture ratios mentioned with one another.

Die Schmierölzusammensetzungen enthalten erfindungsgemäss Phenole der Formel II oder Phenole, wovon wengistens eines die Formel II aufweist. Sind Phenole, wovon wenigstens eines die Formel II aufweist, gemeint, handelt es sich um ein Gemisch von zwei oder mehr Phenolen, wovon wenigstens eines der Formel II entspricht und Beispiele von einem oder mehreren weiteren Phenolen, beispielsweise nachfolgender Aufzählung, z.B. unter Punkt 1. "Alkylierte Monophenole" und/oder Punkt 7. "Ester der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure, entnommen werden können.According to the invention, the lubricating oil compositions contain phenols of the formula II or phenols, some of which have the formula II. If phenols, of which at least one has the formula II, are meant, it is a mixture of two or more phenols, of which at least one corresponds to the formula II and examples of one or more further phenols, for example the following list, e.g. under point 1. "Alkylated monophenols" and / or point 7. "Esters of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid can be removed.

Die Schmierstoffe können zusätzlich andere Additive enthalten, die zugegeben werden, um die Grundeigenschaften von Schmierstoffen noch weiter zu verbessern. Dazu gehören weitere Antioxidantien, Metallpassivatoren, Rostinhibitoren, Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer, Stockpunkterniedriger, Dispergiermittel, Detergentien, Verdicker, Biozide, Antischaummittel, De- und Emulgatoren, sowie Hochdruckzusätze und Reibungsverminderer.The lubricants can additionally contain other additives which are added in order to further improve the basic properties of lubricants. These include other antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, detergents, thickeners, biocides, anti-foaming agents, demulsifiers and emulsifiers, as well as high-pressure additives and friction reducers.

Beispiele für phenolische AntioxidantienExamples of phenolic antioxidants

  • 1. Alkylierte Monophenole1. Alkylated monophenols
  • 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
  • 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
  • 2-tert-Butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol
  • 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol
  • 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol
  • 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol
  • 2,6-Di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol
  • 2-(a-Methyicyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol2- (a-Methyicyclohexyl) -4,6-dimethylphenol
  • 2,6-Di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol
  • 2,4,6-Tri-cyclohexy(phenol2,4,6-tri-cyclohexy (phenol
  • 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol
  • o-tert-Butylphenolo-tert-butylphenol
  • 2. Alkylierte Hydrochinone2. Alkylated hydroquinones
  • 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol
  • 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon2,5-di-tert-butyl hydroquinone
  • 2,5-Di-tert-amyl-hydrochinon2,5-di-tert-amyl hydroquinone
  • 2,6-Diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol
  • 3. Hydroxylierte Thiodiphenylether3. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ether
  • 2,2'-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)2,2'-thio-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)
  • 2,2'-Thio-bis-(4-octylphenol)2,2'-thio-bis- (4-octylphenol)
  • 4. Alkyliden-Bisphenole4. Alkylidene bisphenols
  • 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)
  • 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol)2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol)
  • 2,2'-Methylen-bis-[4-methyl-6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol]2,2'-methylene-bis- [4-methyl-6- (a-methylcyclohexyl) phenol]
  • 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol)2,2'-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol)
  • 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol)2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-nonyl-4-methylphenol)
  • 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)2,2'-methylene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)
  • 2,2'-Ethyliden-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)2,2'-ethylidene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)
  • 2,2'-Ethyliden-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4- oder -5-iso-butylphenol)2,2'-ethylidene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4- or -5-iso-butylphenol)
  • 2,2'-Methylen-bis-[6-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol]2,2'-methylene-bis- [6- (a-methylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol]
  • 2,2'-Methylen-bis-[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol]2,2'-methylene-bis- [6- (a, a-dimethylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol]
  • 4,4'-Methylen-bis-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol)4,4'-methylene-bis- (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol)
  • 4,4'-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol)4,4'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol)
  • 1,1-Bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butan1,1-bis (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) butane
  • 2,6-Di-(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol 1,1,3-Tris-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylme rcaptob utan Ethylenglycol-bis-[3,3-bis-(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-butyrat] Bis-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-dicyclopentadien Bis-[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]-terephthalat2,6-di- (3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) -4-methylphenol 1,1,3-tris (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) -3 -n-dodecylme rcaptobutan ethylene glycol bis- [3,3-bis- (3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) butyrate] bis- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) -dicyclopentadiene bis- [2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl) -6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl] terephthalate
5. Benzylverbindungen5. Benzyl compounds

1,3,5-Tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzol Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid Bis-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-dithiol-terephthalat 1,3,5-Tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurat 1,3,5-Tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-isocyanurat 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphonsäure-dioctadecylester 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphonsäure-monoethylester Calcium-salz1,3,5-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2,4,6-trimethylbenzene bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide Bis (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) dithiol terephthalate 1,3,5-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate 1, 3,5-tris (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid dioctadecyl ester 3,5-di-tert- monoethyl butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid calcium salt

6. Acylaminophenole6. Acylaminophenols

4-Hydroxy-laurinsäureanilid 4-Hydroxy-stearinsäureanilid 2,4-Bis-octylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-s-triazin N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-carbaminsäureoctylester4-hydroxy lauric anilide 4-hydroxy stearic anilide 2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino) -s-triazine N- (3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) carbamic acid octyl ester

7. Ester der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit7. Esters of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. With

Methanol Tris-hydroxyethyl-isocyanurat Octadecanol Bis-hydroxyethyl-oxalsäurediamid 1,6-Hexandiol Neopentylglycol Diethylenglycol TriethylenglycolMethanol tris-hydroxyethyl-isocyanurate octadecanol bis-hydroxyethyl-oxalsäurediamid 1,6-hexanediol neopentyl glycol diethylene glycol triethylene glycol

8. Ester der β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-propionsäure8. Esters of β- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionic acid

mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit Methanol Diethylenglycol Octadecanol Triethylenglycol 1,6-Hexandiol Pentaerythrit Neopentylglycol Tris-hydroxyethylisocyanurat Di-hydroxyethyl-oxalsäurediamidwith mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol diethylene glycol octadecanol triethylene glycol 1,6-hexanediol pentaerythritol neopentyl glycol tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate di-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide

9. Amide der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure,9. amides of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid,

wie z.B. N,N'-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylendiamin N,N'-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylendiamin N,N'-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazinsuch as. N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hexamethylene diamine N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) trimethylene diamine N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hydrazine

Beispiele für aminische Antioxidantien:Examples of aminic antioxidants:

N,N'-Di-isopropyl-p-phenylendiamin N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylendiamin N,N'-Bis(1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)-p-phenylendiamin N,N'-Bis(1-ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl)-p-phenylendiamin N,N'-Bis(1-methyl-heptyl)-p-phenylendiamin N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-p-phenylendiamin N,N'-Di-(naphthyl-2)-p-phenylendiamin 4-(p-Toluol-sulfonamido)-diphenylamin N,N'-Dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylendiamin 4-n-Butylamino-phenol 4-Butyrylamino-phenol 4-Nonanoylamino-phenol 4-Dodecanoylamino-phenol 4-Octadecanoylamino-phenol 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylamino-methyl-phenol 2,4'-Diamino-diphenylmethan 4,4'-Diamino-diphenylmethan N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethan 1,2-Di-[(2-methyl-phenyl)-amino]-ethan 1,2-Di-(phenylamino)-propan (o-Tolyl)-biguanid Di-[4-(1',3'-dimethyl-butyl)-phenyl]amin 2,3-Dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazin Phenothiazin N-AllylphenothiazinN, N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylene diamine N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylene diamine N, N'-bis (1,4-dimethyl-pentyl) -p-phenylene diamine N, N'- Bis (1-ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl) -p-phenylenediamine N, N'-bis (1-methyl-heptyl) -p-phenylenediamine N, N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine N, N'-di- (naphthyl-2) -p-phenylenediamine 4- (p-toluenesulfonamido) diphenylamine N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine 4-n-butylamino-phenol 4- Butyrylamino-phenol 4-nonanoylamino-phenol 4-dodecanoylamino-phenol 4-octadecanoylamino-phenol 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylamino-methyl-phenol 2,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane 1,2-di - [(2-methylphenyl) -amino] -ethane 1,2-di- (phenylamino) propane (o-tolyl) -biguanide di- [4- (1 ', 3'-dimethyl-butyl) -phenyl] amine 2,3-dihydro-3 , 3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine phenothiazine N-allylphenothiazine

Beispiele für weitere Antioxidantien:Examples of other antioxidants:

Ester der Thiodipropionsäure oder der Thiodiessigsäure, oder Salze der Dithiocarbamid- oder Dithiophosphorsäure.Esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamide or dithiophosphoric acid.

Beispiele für Metall-Desaktivatoren, z.B. für Kupfer, sind:Examples of metal deactivators, e.g. for copper, are:

Triazole, Benztriazole und deren Derivate, Tolutriazole and deren Derivate, 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol, 2-Mercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenzthiadiazol, 5,5'-Methylenbisbenztriazol, 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenztriazol, Salicyliden-propylendiamin, Salicylaminoguanidin und dessen Salze.Triazoles, benzotriazoles and their derivatives, tolutriazoles and their derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzthiadiazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenztriazole, salicylides -propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and its salts.

Beispiele für Rost-Inhibitoren sind:Examples of rust inhibitors are:

  • a) Organische Säuren, ihre Ester, Metallsalze und Anhydride, z.B.: N-Oleoyl-sarcosin, Sorbitan-monooleat, Blei-naphthenat, Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid, z.B. Dodecenylbernsteinsäure-anhydrid, Alkenylbernsteinsäure-Teilester und -Teilamide, 4-Nonylphenoxyessigsäure.a) Organic acids, their esters, metal salts and anhydrides, e.g. N-oleoyl sarcosine, sorbitan monooleate, lead naphthenate, alkenylsuccinic anhydride, e.g. Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, alkenylsuccinic acid partial esters and partial amides, 4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid.
  • b) Stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
    • I. Primäre, sekundäre oder tertiäre aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Amine und Amin-Salze von organischen und anorganischen Säuren, z.B. öllösliche Alkylammoniumcarboxylate.
    • 11. Heterocyclische Verbindungen, z.B.: Substituierte Imidazoline und Oxazoline.
    b) nitrogen-containing compounds, for example:
    • I. Primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic acids, for example oil-soluble alkylammonium carboxylates.
    • 11. Heterocyclic compounds, for example: substituted imidazolines and oxazolines.
  • c) Phosphorhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.: Aminsalze von Phosphorsäurepartialestern oder Phosphonsäurepartialestern, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate.c) Compounds containing phosphorus, e.g. amine salts of phosphoric acid partial esters or phosphonic acid partial esters, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates.
  • d) Schwefelhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.: Barium-dinonylnaphthalin-sulfonate, Calciumpetroleum-sulfonate.d) Sulfur-containing compounds, e.g. barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates, calcium petroleum sulfonates.
Beispiele für Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer sind:Examples of viscosity index improvers are:

Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Vinylpyrrolidon/Methacrylat-Copolymere, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polybutene, Olefin-Copolymere, Styrol/Acrylat-Copolymere, Polyether.Polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, vinyl pyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, polyethers.

Beispiele für Stockpunkterniedriger sind:Examples of pour point depressants are:

Polymethacrylat, alkylierte Naphthalinderivate.Polymethacrylate, alkylated naphthalene derivatives.

Beispiele für Dispergiermittel/Tenside sind:Examples of dispersants / surfactants are:

Polybutenylbernsteinsäureamide oder -imide, Polybutenylphosphonsäurederivate, basische Magnesium-, Calcium-, und Bariumsulfonate und -phenolate.Polybutenylsuccinic acid amides or imides, polybutenylphosphonic acid derivatives, basic magnesium, calcium and barium sulfonates and phenolates.

Beispiele für Verschleissschutz-Additive sind:Examples of wear protection additives are:

Schwefel und/oder Phosphor und/oder Halogen enthaltende Verbindungen, wie geschwefelte pflanzliche Oele, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate, Tritolylphosphat, chlorierter Paraffine, Alkyl- und Aryldi- und tri-sulfide, Triphenylphosphorothionate, Diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazol, Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyltolyltriazol.Compounds containing sulfur and / or phosphorus and / or halogen, such as sulfurized vegetable oils, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di- and tri-sulfides, triphenyl phosphorothionates, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di (2-ethylhexyl) aminol.

Alle Angaben in Prozenten oder Teilen, soweit nicht anders erwähnt, beziehen sich auf das Gewicht.Unless otherwise stated, all percentages or parts are by weight.

BeispieleExamples

1. Einem Basisöl Aral (RL 136, kommerziell erhältliches black sludge fail oil), enthaltend zusätzlich 1 % Decen, werden verschiedene Phenole und Amine zugesetzt. Die erhaltenen Zusammensetzungen werden verschiedenen Prüfverfahren ausgesetzt.1. Various phenols and amines are added to a base oil Aral (RL 136, commercially available black sludge fail oil), which additionally contains 1% decene. The compositions obtained are subjected to various test methods.

In den folgenden Beispielen bedeuten die Bezeichnungen:

  • Amin (A)
    Figure imgb0033
  • Amin (B)
In the following examples, the designations mean:
  • Amine (A)
    Figure imgb0033
  • Amine (B)

4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin

Figure imgb0034
Figure imgb0035
Figure imgb0036
Phenol (U)
Figure imgb0037
Figure imgb0038
und
Figure imgb0039
Figure imgb0040
Figure imgb0041
Figure imgb0042
4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine
Figure imgb0034
Figure imgb0035
Figure imgb0036
Phenol (U)
Figure imgb0037
Figure imgb0038
and
Figure imgb0039
Figure imgb0040
Figure imgb0041
Figure imgb0042

Formulierung (1)Wording (1)

Basisöl mit 0,45 Gew.-% Amin (A) und 0,10 Gew.-% Phenol (P)Base oil with 0.45% by weight amine (A) and 0.10% by weight phenol (P)

Formulierung (2)Wording (2)

Basisöl mit 0,90 Gew.-% Amin (A) und 0,20 Gew.-% Phenol (P)Base oil with 0.90% by weight amine (A) and 0.20% by weight phenol (P)

Formulierung (3)Wording (3)

Basisöl mit 0,45 Gew.-% Amin (B) und 0,10 Gew.-% Phenol (S)Base oil with 0.45% by weight amine (B) and 0.10% by weight phenol (S)

Formulierung (4)Wording (4)

Basisöl mit 0,45 Gew.-% Amin (B) und 0,10 Gew.-% Phenol (P)Base oil with 0.45% by weight amine (B) and 0.10% by weight phenol (P)

Formulierung (5)Wording (5)

Basisöl mit 0,45 Gew.-% Amin (A) und 0,10 Gew.-% Phenol (T)Base oil with 0.45% by weight amine (A) and 0.10% by weight phenol (T)

Formulierung (6)Wording (6)

Basisöl mit 0,45 Gew.-% Amin (B) und 0,10 Gew.-% Phenol (U)Base oil with 0.45% by weight amine (B) and 0.10% by weight phenol (U)

Formulierung (7)Wording (7)

Basisöl mit 0,45 Gew.-% Amin (A) und 0,10 Gew.-% Phenol (V)Base oil with 0.45% by weight amine (A) and 0.10% by weight phenol (V)

Formulierung (8)Wording (8)

Basisöl mit 0,45 Gew.-o/o Amin (A) und 0,10 Gew.-% Phenol (W)Base oil with 0.45% o / o amine (A) and 0.10% by weight phenol (W)

Formulierung (9)Wording (9)

Basisöl mit 0,45 Gew.-% Amin (A) und 0,10 Gew.-% Phenol (X)Base oil with 0.45% by weight amine (A) and 0.10% by weight phenol (X)

Beispiel 2: Die thermische Alterung der Formulierungen wird in einem Druck-Differenz-Kalorimeter (Differential-Scanning Calorimetry, DSC) durchgeführt.Example 2: The thermal aging of the formulations is carried out in a pressure differential calorimeter (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC).

Das Verfahren arbeitet nach dem folgenden Prinzip: Die DSC-Zelle (Thermoanalysensystem 1090 der DuPont) besteht aus einem Heizblock aus Silber. In diesen Heizblock ist eine Konstantanplatte eingesetzt, welche die Thermoelemente (Chromel-Alumel) enthält. Auf die etwas erhöht angebrachten Thermoelemente werden Probepfännchen und Referenzpfännchen gestellt. Der Innenraum der DSC-Zelle wird mit einem dünnen Goldfilm überzogen (Korrosionsschutz). Das Referenzpfännchen bleibt leer, in das Probepfännchen werden drei Tropfen der jeweiligen Formulierung eingefüllt. Bestimmt wird die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Proben- und Referenzpfännchen unter isothermen Bedingungen. Die Enthalpieänderung dH/dt wird jeweils in mW angegeben. Alle Messungen werden in Luft +400 ppm N02 durchgeführt. Der Druck beträgt 8 bar. Als Basisöl wird jeweils Aral RL 136, ein kommerziell erhältliches "black sludge reference oil" eingesetzt.Um die Oxidationsanfälligkeit des Oeles zu verstärken werden diesem Oel 1 % 1-Decen zugefügt.The process works according to the following principle: The DSC cell (thermal analysis system 1090 from DuPont) consists of a heating block made of silver. A constantan plate containing the thermocouples (Chromel-Alumel) is inserted in this heating block. Sample pans and reference pans are placed on the slightly elevated thermocouples. The interior of the DSC cell is covered with a thin gold film (corrosion protection). The reference pan remains empty, three drops of the respective formulation are poured into the sample pan. The temperature difference between sample and reference pans is determined under isothermal conditions. The enthalpy change dH / dt is given in mW. All measurements are carried out in air +400 ppm N0 2 . The pressure is 8 bar. Aral RL 136, a commercially available "black sludge reference oil", is used as the base oil. To increase the oil's susceptibility to oxidation, 1% 1-decene is added to this oil.

Während der thermischen Alterung nimmt die Konzentration der zugefügten Additive laufend ab. Bei einer kritischen Additivkonzentration steigt die Wärmeströmung dQ/dt an. Die Zeit, die verstreicht bis dieser Anstieg erfolgt, wird als Induktionszeit (onset) bezeichnet. Die mittels DSC charakterisierten Formulierungen sind aus Tabelle 1 ersichtlich.

Figure imgb0043
During the thermal aging, the concentration of the added additives decreases continuously. With a critical additive concentration, the heat flow dQ / dt increases. The time that passes by this Rise occurs, is referred to as the induction time (onset). The formulations characterized by DSC are shown in Table 1.
Figure imgb0043

Beispiel 3: Die thermische Alterung der Oele wird in einer weiteren, unabhängigen Methode bestimmt. In einer DSC-Druckzelle (DuPont 770) werden, wie in Beispiel 2 beschrieben, die Formulierungen unter den Bedingungen Luft + 400 ppm N02, Druck 8 bar, gealtert. Die im Temperaturbereich von 120°C-150°C gealterten Proben werden dann mittels IR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Spektren auf gleiche Schichtdicke normiert. Zur Charakterisierung des Oxidationszustandes werden zwei Peaks bei 1730 cm-1 und bei 1630 cm-1 ausgewertet [1730 cm-1: 6-membered lactone und 1630 cm-1: nitrate ester]. Bei der Alterung der Oele entstehen eine Vielzahl von Oxidationsprodukten. Im IR-Spektrum können sich die Absorptionsbanden dieser Verbindungen überlagern.Example 3: The thermal aging of the oils is determined in a further, independent method. In a DSC pressure cell (DuPont 770), as described in Example 2, the formulations are aged under the conditions air + 400 ppm NO 2 , pressure 8 bar. The samples aged in the temperature range from 120 ° C to 150 ° C are then examined by means of IR spectroscopy. For this purpose, the spectra are standardized to the same layer thickness. To characterize the oxidation state, two peaks at 1730 cm- 1 and at 1630 cm- 1 are evaluated [1730 cm- 1 : 6-membered lactone and 1630 cm- 1 : nitrate ester]. A large number of oxidation products are created as the oils age. The absorption bands of these compounds can overlap in the IR spectrum.

Aus praktischen Erwägungen werden daher die beiden obengenannten Banden ausgewertet, die eine zuverlässige Bestimmung im Absorptionsmaximum erlauben.For practical reasons, the two bands mentioned above are therefore evaluated, which allow a reliable determination in the absorption maximum.

Eine Verminderung dieser Absorptionsbanden ist ein Mass für eine geringere Oxidation.

Figure imgb0044
A reduction in these absorption bands is a measure of a lower oxidation.
Figure imgb0044

Claims (22)

1. Phosphitfreie Schmieröl-Zusammensetzung enthaltenda) ein Mineralöl, ein synthetisches Oel oder eine Mischung davon und b) eine Mischung enthaltend wenigstens ein aromatisches Amin der Formel
Figure imgb0045
wobei R1 die Bedeutung von H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, Allyl, Methallyl, Benzyl oder C1-C11 alkylsubstituiertem Benzyl hat, R2 die Bedeutung von Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, mit C1-C4-Alkyl substituiertem Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, Phenyl, Naphthyl, Phenyl substituiert mit -OH, mit
Figure imgb0046
mit C1 bis C18-Alkoxy, mit C7 bis C9-Aralkyl oder mit einer oder mehreren Alkylgruppen mit insgesamt 1 bis 24 C-Atomen oder von
Figure imgb0047
wobei R' = H oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen ist, hat, R11 und R12 unabhängig voneinander H oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen bedeuten, R3 die Bedeutung von H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen oder Aralkyl mit 7 bis 9 C-Atomen und R3' die Bedeutung von H oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen hat, und wenigstens ein Phenol der Formel
Figure imgb0048
wobei R4 die Bedeutung von H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen, Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, mit C1-C4-Alkyl substituiertem Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, Phenyl oder CH2-S-R10 hat, R5 die Bedeutung von Alkyl mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen, Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, mit Ci-C4-Alkyl substituiertem Cycloalkyl mit 5 bis 12 C-Atomen, Phenyl oder-CH2-S-R10 hat, und A die Bedeutung von CqH2q-Sx-Y oder
Figure imgb0049
hat, und Y -H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, Phenyl, Ci-C24-alkylsubstituiertes Phenyl, Benzyl,
Figure imgb0050
oder, wenn q = 0 ist,
Figure imgb0051
wobei R4 und R5 jeweils die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben, ist, und b = 1 oder 2 ist, d = 0, 1, 2 oder 3 ist, q = 0,1, 2 oder 3 ist, x = 1, 2, 3, oder 4 ist, R6 = C1-C24-Alkyl bedeutet, R7 =
Figure imgb0052
Figure imgb0053
Figure imgb0054
oder
Figure imgb0055
bedeutet, bedeutet, wobei d jeweils = 0, 1, 2 oder 3 und t = 2, 3, 4, 5 oder 6 ist, und wobei R4 und R5 jeweils die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben und R8 und R9 unabhängig voneinander H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 12 C-Atomen, Phenyl oder Phenyl substituiert mit einer oder zwei C1 bis C4-Alkylgruppen und/oder -OH darstellen, oder R8 und R9 zusammen mit dem sie verknüpfenden C-Atom eine C5-C12-Cycloalkylgruppe bilden, und R10 = C1-C18-Alkyl, Phenyl oder
Figure imgb0056
bedeutet, wobei b und R6 die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben, und in der Mischung die Verbindungen in einem Mischungsverhältnis von 2 bis 6 Gewichtsteilen des oder der aromatischen Amine der Formel I zu 1 Gewichtsteil des oder der Phenole der Formel II oder von Phenolen, wovon wenigstens eines die Formel II aufweist, vorliegen.
1. Phosphite-free lubricating oil composition contain da) a mineral oil, a synthetic oil or a mixture thereof and b) a mixture containing at least one aromatic amine of the formula
Figure imgb0045
where R 1 has the meaning of H, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, allyl, methallyl, benzyl or C 1 -C 11 alkyl-substituted benzyl, R 2 has the meaning of alkyl having 1 to 18 C atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, with C 1 -C 4 alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl substituted with -OH, with
Figure imgb0046
with C 1 to C 18 alkoxy, with C 7 to C 9 aralkyl or with one or more alkyl groups with a total of 1 to 24 C atoms or from
Figure imgb0047
where R '= H or alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R 11 and R 12 independently of one another are H or alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R 3 is H, alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms -Atoms or aralkyl with 7 to 9 carbon atoms and R 3 'has the meaning of H or alkyl with 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and at least one phenol of the formula
Figure imgb0048
in which R 4 has the meaning of H, alkyl having 1 to 24 C atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 C atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 C atoms substituted by C 1 -C 4 alkyl, phenyl or CH 2 -SR 10 R 5 has the meaning of alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 to 12 carbon atoms substituted by Ci-C4-alkyl, phenyl or -CH 2 -SR 10 , and A the meaning of CqH 2 qS x -Y or
Figure imgb0049
and Y has -H, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenyl, C 1 -C 24 -alkyl-substituted phenyl, benzyl,
Figure imgb0050
or, if q = 0,
Figure imgb0051
where R 4 and R 5 each have the meaning given above, and b = 1 or 2, d = 0, 1, 2 or 3, q = 0.1, 2 or 3, x = 1, 2, 3, or 4, R 6 = C 1 -C 24 alkyl, R7 =
Figure imgb0052
Figure imgb0053
Figure imgb0054
or
Figure imgb0055
means, where d is = 0, 1, 2 or 3 and t = 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and where R 4 and R 5 each have the meaning given above and R 8 and R 9 independently of one another Represent H, alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, phenyl or phenyl substituted by one or two C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups and / or -OH, or R 8 and R 9 together with the C atom linking them represent a C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl group form, and R 10 = C 1 -C 18 alkyl, phenyl or
Figure imgb0056
means, where b and R 6 have the meaning given above, and in the mixture the compounds in a mixing ratio of 2 to 6 parts by weight of the aromatic amine or formula I to 1 part by weight of the phenol or formula II or phenols, of which at least one has the formula II.
2. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Mischung die Verbindungen in einem Mischungsverhältnis von 4 bis 5 Gewichtsteilen des oder der aromatischen Amine der Formel 1 zu 1 Gewichtsteil des oder der Phenole der Formel II oder von Phenolen, wovon wenigstens eines die Formel II aufweist, vorliegen.2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that in the mixture the compounds in a mixing ratio of 4 to 5 parts by weight of the aromatic amine or formula 1 to 1 part by weight of the phenol or formula II or phenols, at least one of which Formula II has exist. 3. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin R2 in Verbindungen der Formel 1 Phenyl, Naphthyl oder Phenyl substituiert mit einer oder mehreren Alkylgruppen mit insgesamt 1 bis 18 C-Atomen darstellt und bevorzugt Phenyl oder Phenyl substituiert mit einer oder mehreren Alkylgruppen mit insgesamt 4 bis 8 C-Atomen darstellt.3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R 2 in compounds of formula 1 is phenyl, naphthyl or phenyl substituted with one or more alkyl groups with a total of 1 to 18 carbon atoms and preferably phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more alkyl groups with a total Represents 4 to 8 carbon atoms. 4. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin R1 in Verbindungen der Formel die Bedeutung von H hat.4. The composition of claim 1, wherein R 1 has the meaning of H in compounds of the formula. 5. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin R3 in Verbindungen der Formel 1 die Bedeutung von H, Alkyl mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen oder Aralkyl mit 7 bis 9 C-Atomen hat und bevorzugt die Bedeutung von H oder Alkyl mit 4 bis 8 C-Atomen hat und worin R3 in p-Stellung steht.5. The composition of claim 1, wherein R 3 in compounds of formula 1 has the meaning of H, alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or aralkyl having 7 to 9 carbon atoms and preferably the meaning of H or alkyl having 4 to 8 Has C atoms and wherein R 3 is in the p-position. 6. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin R3' in Verbindungen der Formel die Bedeutung von H oder Alkyl mit 4 bis 8 C-Atomen hat und worin R3' in o-Stellung steht.6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein R 3 'in compounds of the formula has the meaning of H or alkyl having 4 to 8 carbon atoms and wherein R 3 ' is in the o-position. 7. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, enthaltend mehrere aromatische Amine der Formel I, wobei a) Diphenylamin, b) 4-Tert-butyldiphenylamin c) i) 4-Tert-octyldiphenylamin c) ii) 4,4'Di-tert-butyldiphenylamin c) iii) 2,4,4'-Tris-tert-butyldiphenylamin d) i) 4-Tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin d) ii) o,o', m,m', oder p,p'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin d) iii) 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin e) i) 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin e) ii) 2,4-Di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamin enthalten sind und zweckmässig maximal a) 5 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Amine, Diphenylamin, b) 8 bis 15 Gew.-% 4-Tert-butyldiphenylamin, 24 bis 32 Gew.-% von Verbindungen aus der Gruppe c), 23 - 34 Gew.-% von Verbindungen aus der Gruppe d) und 21 - 34 Gew.-% von Verbindungen aus der Gruppe e) enthalten sind. 7. The composition of claim 1, containing several aromatic amines of formula I, wherein a) diphenylamine, b) 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine c) i) 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine c) ii) 4,4'Di-tert-butyldiphenylamine c) iii) 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine d) i) 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine d) ii) o, o ', m, m', or p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine d) iii) 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine e) i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine e) ii) 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine are contained and expediently at most a) 5% by weight, in each case based on the total amount of the amines, diphenylamine, b) 8 to 15% by weight. % 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 24 to 32% by weight of compounds from group c), 23-34% by weight of compounds from group d) and 21-34% by weight of compounds from the group e) are included. 8. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin A in der Verbindung der Formel II -CqH2q-Sx-Y bedeutet, a = 0 oder 1 und x = 1 oder 2 ist und YAlkvl mit 4 bis 18 C-Atomen, Phenyl, C2 bis C8 alkylsubstituiertes Phenyloder
Figure imgb0057
wobei R6 Ci bis C18-Alkyl ist, bedeutet.
8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein A in the compound of the formula II means -C q H 2q -S x -Y, a = 0 or 1 and x = 1 or 2 and YAlkvl having 4 to 18 C atoms, phenyl , C 2 to C 8 alkyl substituted phenyl or
Figure imgb0057
where R 6 is Ci to C 18 alkyl.
9. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 8, worin A in den Verbindungen der Formel 11
Figure imgb0058
darstellt und x = 1 oder 2, R4 H oder C1: bis C5-Alkyl under R5 C1 bis C5-Alkyl sind.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein A in the compounds of formula 11
Figure imgb0058
represents and x = 1 or 2, R 4 H or C 1 : to C 5 alkyl and R 5 are C 1 to C 5 alkyl.
10. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin A in den Verbindungen der Formel II die Bedeutung von
Figure imgb0059
hat und d = 2 oder 3 ist, und R7
Figure imgb0060
Figure imgb0061
Figure imgb0062
oder
Figure imgb0063
bedeutet, wobei d jeweils 2 oder 3 ist, R4 und R5 die Bedeutung gemäss Anspruch 1 haben und R8 und R9 unanhängig voneinander H, C1 bis Cg-Alkyl oder Phenyl oder
Figure imgb0064
darstellen.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein A in the compounds of formula II has the meaning of
Figure imgb0059
has and d = 2 or 3, and R7
Figure imgb0060
Figure imgb0061
Figure imgb0062
or
Figure imgb0063
means, where d is 2 or 3, R 4 and R 5 have the meaning according to claim 1 and R 8 and R 9 independently of one another H, C 1 to Cg-alkyl or phenyl or
Figure imgb0064
represent.
11. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin R4 in Formel II die Bedeutung von Wasserstoff oder Alkyl mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen.11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein R 4 in formula II has the meaning of hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 12. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin R5 in Formel II die Bedeutung von Alkyl mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen, und vorzugsweise von tert-Butyl hat.12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein R 5 in formula II has the meaning of alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and preferably of tert-butyl. 13. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin als Verbindungen der Formel II
Figure imgb0065
wobei R13 = i-C8H17 bis i-C13H27 darstellt, enthalten sind.
13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein as compounds of formula II
Figure imgb0065
where R 13 = iC 8 H 17 to iC 13 H 27 are included.
14. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, enthaltend eine Mischung aus aromatischen Aminen, wobei jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Amine, maximal 5 Gew.-% Diphenylamin, 8 bis 15 Gew.-% 4-tert-Butyl-diphenylamin, 24 - 32 Gew.-% Amine der Gruppe 4-Tert-octyldiphenylamin, 4,4'-Di-tert-butyldiphenylamin, 2,4,4'-Tris-tert-butyldiphenylamin, 23-24 Gew.-% Amine der Gruppe 4-tert-Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin, o,o', m,m' oder p,p'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin, 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin und 21 bis 34 Gew.-% 2,4-Di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamin und/oder 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin enthalten sind, und einem Phenol der Formel
Figure imgb0066
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amin zu Phenol 4 bis 5 : 1 beträgt.
14. The composition according to claim 1, containing a mixture of aromatic amines, each based on the total amount of amines, a maximum of 5 wt .-% diphenylamine, 8 to 15 wt .-% 4-tert-butyl-diphenylamine, 24-32 wt % Amines of the group 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 23-24% by weight of amines of the group 4-tert- Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine, o, o ', m, m' or p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 21 to 34 % By weight of 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine and / or 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine are contained, and a phenol of the formula
Figure imgb0066
wherein the weight ratio of amine to phenol is 4 to 5: 1.
15. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, enthaltend eine Mischung aus einem aromatischen Amin der Formel
Figure imgb0067
und einem Phenol der Formel
Figure imgb0068
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amin zu Phenol 4 bis 5 : 1 beträgt.
15. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a mixture of an aromatic amine of the formula
Figure imgb0067
and a phenol of the formula
Figure imgb0068
wherein the weight ratio of amine to phenol is 4 to 5: 1.
16. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, enthaltend eine Mischung aus 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin und einem oder beiden Phenolen der Formel
Figure imgb0069
und/oder
Figure imgb0070
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amin zu gesamtem Phenol 4 bis 5 : 1 beträgt.
16. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a mixture of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and one or both phenols of the formula
Figure imgb0069
and or
Figure imgb0070
wherein the weight ratio of amine to total phenol is 4 to 5: 1.
17. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, enthaltend eine Mischung aus aromatischen Aminen, wobei jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Amine, maximal 5 Gew.-o/o Diphenylamin, 8 bis 15 Gew.-% 4-tert-Butyl-diphenylamin, 24 - 32 Gew.-% Amine der Gruppe 4-Tert-octyldiphenylamin, 4,4'-Di-tert-butyl- diphenylamin, 2,4,4'-Tris-tert-butyldiphenylamin, 23-34 Gew.-% Amine der Gruppe 4-tert-Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin, o,o',m,m' oder p,p'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin, 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin und 21 bis 34 Gew.-% 2,4-Di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamin und/oder 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin enthalten sind, und einem Phenol der Formel
Figure imgb0071
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amin zu Phenol 4 bis 5 : 1 beträgt.
17. The composition according to claim 1, containing a mixture of aromatic amines, each based on the total amount of amines, a maximum of 5 wt .-% o / o diphenylamine, 8 to 15 wt .-% 4-tert-butyl-diphenylamine, 24 - 32% by weight of amines from the group 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 23-34% by weight of amines from the group 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine, o, o ', m, m' or p, p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 21 to 34% by weight of 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine and / or 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine are contained, and a phenol of the formula
Figure imgb0071
wherein the weight ratio of amine to phenol is 4 to 5: 1.
18. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, enthaltend eine Mischung aus 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin und ein Phenolgemisch aus
Figure imgb0072
Figure imgb0073
und
Figure imgb0074
wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis Amin zu Phenolen 4 bis 5 : 1 beträgt.
18. The composition according to claim 1, comprising a mixture of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and a phenol mixture
Figure imgb0072
Figure imgb0073
and
Figure imgb0074
wherein the weight ratio of amine to phenols is 4 to 5: 1.
19. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin das Schmieröl ein Oel für fremdgezündete Verbrennungskraftmaschinen ist.19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is an oil for spark ignition internal combustion engines. 20. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 der API-Klassifikation SF, SG, CD und/oder CE, der CRC-Spezifikation 1-G 1 oder 1-G 2 oder der CCMC-Spezifikation G 1, G 2, G 3, D 1, D 2, D 3 und/oder PD 1.20. The composition according to claim 1 of the API classification SF, SG, CD and / or CE, the CRC specification 1-G 1 or 1-G 2 or the CCMC specification G 1, G 2, G 3, D 1, D 2, D 3 and / or PD 1. 21. Verfahren zur Verhinderung oder Verminderung der Bildung von Schwarzschlamm in Schmierölen von fremdgezündeten Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, zum in Schwebe halten von Schwarzschlammpartikeln im Schmieröl und zum Abbau von Schwarzschlammablagerungen am Schmierkreislaufsystem von fremdgezündeten Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schmierölkreislauf mit einer phosphitfreien Schmieröl-Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 betrieben wird.21. A method for preventing or reducing the formation of black sludge in lubricating oils of spark-ignited internal combustion engines, for keeping black sludge particles in the lubricating oil in suspension and for the reduction of black sludge deposits on the lubrication circuit system of spark-ignited internal combustion engines, characterized in that the lubricating oil circuit with a phosphite-free lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 is operated. 22. Verwendung einer Mischung enthaltend wenigstens ein aromatisches Amin der Formel I und wenigstens ein Phenol der Formel II nach Anspruch 1 als Antioxidans in Schmierölen.22. Use of a mixture containing at least one aromatic amine of the formula I and at least one phenol of the formula II according to claim 1 as an antioxidant in lubricating oils.
EP89810410A 1988-06-09 1989-06-01 Lubricant composition Expired - Lifetime EP0346283B1 (en)

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WO1991013133A2 (en) * 1990-02-23 1991-09-05 The Lubrizol Corporation High temperature functional fluids
EP0588561A1 (en) * 1992-09-14 1994-03-23 Oronite Japan Limited Low phosphorous engine oil compositions and additive compositions
EP0620267A1 (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-10-19 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition
WO1996012780A2 (en) * 1994-10-25 1996-05-02 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Lube oil antioxidants
EP0716141A3 (en) * 1994-12-07 1996-07-24 Nippon Oil Co Ltd
EP0716142A3 (en) * 1994-12-07 1996-07-24 Nippon Oil Co Ltd
WO2000008120A1 (en) * 1998-08-04 2000-02-17 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Lubricant formulations with dispersancy retention capability
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EP0432089A1 (en) * 1989-11-08 1991-06-12 Ciba-Geigy Ag Lubricating oil compositions
US5167844A (en) * 1989-11-08 1992-12-01 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Lubricant formulations
WO1991013133A2 (en) * 1990-02-23 1991-09-05 The Lubrizol Corporation High temperature functional fluids
WO1991013133A3 (en) * 1990-02-23 1991-11-14 Lubrizol Corp High temperature functional fluids
EP0588561A1 (en) * 1992-09-14 1994-03-23 Oronite Japan Limited Low phosphorous engine oil compositions and additive compositions
EP0620267A1 (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-10-19 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition
US5460741A (en) * 1993-04-09 1995-10-24 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition
WO1996012780A2 (en) * 1994-10-25 1996-05-02 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Lube oil antioxidants
WO1996012780A3 (en) * 1994-10-25 1996-06-27 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lube oil antioxidants
EP0716141A3 (en) * 1994-12-07 1996-07-24 Nippon Oil Co Ltd
EP0716142A3 (en) * 1994-12-07 1996-07-24 Nippon Oil Co Ltd
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WO2000008120A1 (en) * 1998-08-04 2000-02-17 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Lubricant formulations with dispersancy retention capability
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WO2014019911A1 (en) 2012-08-01 2014-02-06 Basf Se Process for improving thermostability of lubricant oils in internal combustion engines

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ES2043092T3 (en) 1993-12-16
US5091099A (en) 1992-02-25
EP0346283A3 (en) 1990-03-28
HK11795A (en) 1995-02-03
EP0346283B1 (en) 1992-07-29
JP3101818B2 (en) 2000-10-23
DE58901932D1 (en) 1992-09-03
KR0125793B1 (en) 1997-12-18
KR910001008A (en) 1991-01-30
CN1019984C (en) 1993-03-03
CA1335891C (en) 1995-06-13
CN1038299A (en) 1989-12-27

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