Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
  • C11D3/2079—Monocarboxylic acids-salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
  • C11D3/1266—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite in liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
  • C11D3/3956—Liquid compositions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to built aqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent compositions with improved cleaning performance and physical stability. More specifically the invention relates to the use of higher alkalinity levels to improve cleaning performance and rheological properties of long chain fatty acid (and their metal salts) stabilized thickened liquid automatic dishwasher detergent compositions.
• the present invention specifically relates to automatic dishwashing detergent compositions having thixotropic properties, improved chemical and physical stability, and with increased apparent viscosity, and which are readily dispersible in the washing medium to provide improved cleaning performance on dishware, glassware, china and the like.
• thixotropic cleansing compositions should be highly viscous in a quiescent state, Bingham plastic in nature, and have relatively high yield values. When subjected to shear stresses, however, such as being shaken in a container or squeezed through an orifice, they should quickly fluidize and, upon cessation of the applied shear stress, quickly revert to the high viscosity/­Bingham plastic state. Stability is likewise of primary importance, i.e. there should be no significant evidence of phase separation or leaking after long standing.
• the automatic dishwashing detergent hereinafter also designated ADD, contain (1) sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) to soften or tie up hard-water minerals and to emulsify and/or peptize soil; (2) sodium silicate to supply the alkalinity necessary for effective detergency and to provide protection for fine china glaze and pattern; (3) sodium carbonate, generally considered to be optional, to enhance alkalinity; (4) a chlorine-­releasing agent to aid in the elimination of soil specks which lead to water spotting; and (5) defoamer/surfactant to reduce foam, thereby enhancing machine efficiency and supplying requisite detergency.
• NaTPP sodium tripolyphosphate
• sodium silicate to supply the alkalinity necessary for effective detergency and to provide protection for fine china glaze and pattern
• sodium carbonate generally considered to be optional, to enhance alkalinity
• (4) a chlorine-­releasing agent to aid in the elimination of soil specks which lead to water spotting
• U.S. Patent 3,985,668 describes abrasive scouring cleaners of gel-like consistency containing (1) suspending agent, preferably the Smectite and attapulgite types of clay; (2) abrasive, e.g. silica sand or perlite; and (3) filler comprising light density powdered polymers, expanded perlite and the like, which has a buoyancy and thus stabilizing effect on the composi­tion in addition to serving as a bulking agent, thereby replacing water otherwise available for undesired supernatant layer formation due to leaking and phase destabilization.
• suspending agent preferably the Smectite and attapulgite types of clay
• abrasive e.g. silica sand or perlite
• filler comprising light density powdered polymers, expanded perlite and the like, which has a buoyancy and thus stabilizing effect on the composi­tion in addition to serving as a bulking agent, thereby replacing water otherwise available for undes
• silicates, carbonates, and monophosphates can be included as further optional ingredients to supply or supplement building function not provided by the buffer, the amount of such builder not exceeding 5% of the total composition, according to the patent. Maintenance of the desired (greater than) pH 10 levels is achieved by the buffer/builder components. High pH is said to minimize decomposition of chlorine bleach and undesired interaction between surfactant and bleach. When present, NaTPP is limited to 5%, as stated. Foam killer is not disclosed.
• liquid ADD compositions which have properties desirably characterizing thixotropic, gel-type structure and which include each of the various ingredients necessary for effective detergency within an automatic dishwasher.
• the normally gel-like aqueous automatic dishwasher detergent composition having thixotropic properties includes the following ingredients, on a weight basis:
• compositions so formulated are low-foaming; are readily soluble in the washing medium and most effective at pH values best conducive to improved cleaning performance, viz, pH 10.5-14.
• the compositions are normally of gel consistency, i.e. a highly viscous, opaque jelly-like material having Bingham plastic character and thus relatively high yield values. Accordingly, a definite shear force is necessary to initiate or increase flow. Under such conditions, the composition is quickly fluidized and easily dispersed. When the shear force is discontinued, the fluid composition quickly reverts to a high viscosity, Bingham plastic state closely approximating its prior consistency.
• the patented thixotropic cleaning agent has a viscosity of at least 30 Pa.s at 20°C as determined with a rotational viscometer at a spindle speed of 5 revolutions per minute.
• the composition is based on a mixture of finely divided hydrated sodium metasilicate, an active chlorine compound and a thickening agent which is a foliated silicate of the hectorite type. Small amount of nonionic tensides and alkali metal carbonates and/or hydroxides may be used.
• compositions exemplified in the examples of Serial No. 903,924 included 2.2 weight percent or 3.1 weight percent of a caustic soda solution (50% NaOH), to provide composition pH's of about 13.
• a caustic soda solution 50% NaOH
• the wash bath had a pH of under 11, such as 10.9.
• liquid ADD compositions having improved cleaning performance, physical stability and rheological properties.
• aqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent pastes or gels containing suspended particles e.g. builder salts, bleach, etc.
• suspended particles e.g. builder salts, bleach, etc.
• a highly alkaline clay-thickened, built aqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent composition containing a physical stabilizer which is a long chain fatty acid metal salt and containing alkaline compounds such that when the composition is added to an aqueous wash bath, at a concentration of 10 grams per liter, the wash bath has a pH of at least 11.2.
• the composition further includes a chlorine bleach compound, whereby due to the high alkalinity levels is less subject to loss of available chlorine during storage.
• the present invention provides a thickened aqueous automatic dishwasher detergent composition which includes, on a weight basis:
• the invention also provides a method for cleaning dishware in an automatic dishwashing machine with an aqueous wash bath containing an effective amount of the liquid automatic dishwasher detergent (LADD) composition as described above.
• the LADD composition can be readily poured into the dispensing cup of the automatic dishwashing machine and will be sufficiently viscous to remain securely within the dispensing cup until shear forces are again applied thereto, such as by the water spray from the dishwashing machine.
• LADD effectiveness is directly related to (a) available chlorine levels; (b) alkalinity; (c) solubility in washing medium; and (d) foam inhibition. Therefore, it has been suggested that the pH of the LADD composition be at least about 9.5, most preferably at least about 12.5 Amounts of from about 0.5 to 6 weight percent of NaOH and about 2 to 9 weight percent of sodium carbonate in the LADD composition are proposed in prior application Serial No. 903,924.
• the types and amounts of the alkaline components are chosen so that when the composition is added to an aqueous wash bath to provide a concentration of 10 grams of composition per liter of wash bath the pH of the wash bath becomes at least 11.2, preferably at least 11.5, such as from 11.5 to 13.5, preferably 11.5 to 12.5
• the cleaning performance is improved and at the same time the rheological properties, and particularly, physical stability, are also improved.
• a chlorine bleach compound is included in the LADD composition, the additional benefit of reduction of loss of active chlorine is also obtained.
• Example 4 the quantity of sodium hydroxide was increased from 2.2 weight percent (1.1 weight percent a.i.) to 6.2 weight percent (3.1 weight percent a.i.) with a corresponding decrease in the added water content, the sodium carbonate and sodium metasilicate levels remaining unchanged at 5.0% and 15.74% (7.48% a.i.), respectively.
• Tests for cleaning performance and rheological behavior for the high alkalinity composition of Example 4 demonstrated that these compositions were superior to the control composition (2.2 weight percent caustic soda solution). However, when tested for available chlorine content, the control composition was slightly superior to the Example 4 composition. In contrast, when a high alkalinity formulation according to the invention was prepared by increasing the caustic soda concentration at the expense of sodium carbonate then not only cleaning performance and rheological properties are improved, but loss of available chlorine content, as compared to the control, is substantially reduced as well. Similarly, replacing Na2CO3 by additional alkali metal silicate also reduces available chlorine loss while improving cleaning performance and stabilizing rheological properties.
• the high alkalinity is achieved in a clay-thickened, fatty acid salt stabilized, chlorine-bleach containing liquid automatic dishwasher detergent composition
• the alkaline compounds include, on an active basis, based on the total composition, from about 3 to 20 weight percent alkali metal silicate, from about 1.0 to 4.5 weight percent alkali metal hydroxide, and from 0 to about 4 weight percent alkali metal carbonate, with the proviso that the total amount of alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal carbonate is no more than about 6.5 weight percent and the total amount of alkali metal silicate and alkali metal carbonate is no more than about 20 weight percent, the pH of the composition being at least 12.8, and the pH of 1 liter of aqueous wash bath containing 10 grams of the composition being at least 11.5.
• alkali metal of the alkaline compounds is preferably sodium, the corresponding potassium compounds, or mixtures of sodium and potassium compounds can also be used.
• the sodium silicate which provides alkalinity and protection of hard surfaces, such as fine china glaze and pattern, is employed in an amount ranging from about 2.5 to 20 weight percent, preferably about 5 to 15 weight percent, in the composition.
• the sodium silicate is generally added in the form of an aqueous solution, preferably having Na2O:SiO2 ratio of about 1:1.3 to 1:2.8, especially preferably 1:2.0 to 1:2.6.
• NaOH and sodium hypochlorite are also often added in the form of a preliminary prepared aqueous dispersion or solution.
• the liquid automatic dishwasher detergent compositions of this invention also generally include an alkali metal phosphate detergency builder, such as sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP), and this too will contribute to the pH of the composition.
• an alkali metal phosphate detergency builder such as sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP)
• NaTPP sodium tripolyphosphate
• the preferred NaTPP is employed in the LADD composition in a range of about 8 to 35 weight percent, preferably about 20 to 30 weight percent, and should preferably be free of heavy metal which tends to decompose or inactivate the preferred sodium hypochlorite and other chlorine bleach compounds.
• the NaTPP may be anhydrous or hydrated, including the stable hexahydrate with a degree of hydration of 6 corresponding to about 10% by weight of water or more.
• Especially preferred LADD compositions are obtained, for example, when using a 0.5:1 to 2:1 weight ratio of anhydrous to hexahydrated NaTPP, values of about 1:1 being particularly preferred.
• detergency builders-­sequestrants include, for instance, trisodium nitrilotriacetate, tetrasodiumethylenediamine tetraacetate, sodium citrate, and the corresponding potassium salts. Tetrapotassium or tetrasodium pyrophosphate can also be used. However, sodium tripolyphosphate is highly preferred where phosphorus-containing detergents are permitted.
• Foam inhibition is important to increase dishwasher machine efficiency and minimize destabilizing effects which might occur due to the presence of excess foam within the washer during use. Foam may be sufficiently reduced by suitable selection of the type and/or amount of detergent active material, the main foam-producing component. The degree of foam is also somewhat dependent on the hardness of the wash water in the machine whereby suitable adjustment of the proportions of NaTPP which has a water softening effect may aid in providing the desired degree of foam inhibition. However, it is generally preferred to include a chlorine bleach stable foam depressant or inhibitor.
• each type of ester may represent independently a C12-C20 alkyl group.
• the ethoxylated derivatives of each type of ester for example, the condensation products of one mole of ester with from 1 to 10 moles, preferably 2 to 6 moles, more preferably 3 or 4 moles, ethylene oxide can also be used.
• Some examples of the foregoing are commercially available, such as the products SAP from Hooker and LPKn-158 from Knapsack. Mixtures of the two types, or any other chlorine bleach stable types, or mixtures of mono- and di­esters of the same type, may be employed.
• a mixture of mono- and di-C16-C18 alkyl acid phosphate esters such as monostearyl/distearyl acid phosphates 1.2/1, and the 3 to 4 mole ethylene oxide condensates thereof.
• proportions of 0.1 to 5 weight percent, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent, of foam depressant in the composition is typical, the weight ratio of detergent active component (d) to foam depressant (e) generally ranging from about 10:1 to 1:1 and preferably about 5:1 to 1:1.
• Other defoamers which may be used include, for example, the known silicones, such as available from Dow Chemicals.
• the stabilizing salts such as the stearate salts, for example, aluminum stearate, are also effective as foam killers.
• any clorine bleach compound may be employed in the compositions of this invention, such as dichloro-­isocyanurate, dichloro-dimethyl handantoin, or chlorinated TSP, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, e.g. potassium, lithium, magnesium and especially sodium, hypochlorite is preferred.
• the composition should contain sufficient chlorine bleach compound to provide about 0.2 to 4.0% by weight of available chlorine, as determined, for example, by acidification of 100 parts of the composition with excess hydrochloric acid.
• a solution containing about 0.2 to 4.0% by weight of sodium hypochlorite contains or provides roughly the same percentage of available chlorine. About 0.8 to 1.6% by weight of available chlorine is especially preferred.
• sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution of from about 11 to about 13% available chlorine in amounts of about 3 to 20%, preferably about 7 to 12%, can be advantageously used.
• Detergent active material useful herein must be stable in the presence of chlorine bleach, especially hypochlorite bleach, and those of the organic anionic, amine oxide, phosphine oxide, sulphoxide or betaine water dispersible surfactant types are preferred, the first mentioned anionics being most preferred.
• The are used in amounts ranging from about 0.1 to 5% preferably about 0.3 to 2.0%.
• Particularly preferred surfactants herein are the linear or branched alkali metal mono- and/or di-(C8-C14) alkyl diphenyl oxide mono- and/or disulphates, commercially available for example as DOWFAX (registered trademark) 3B-2 and DOWFAX 2A-1.
• surfactant should be compatible with the other ingredients of the composition.
• suitable surfactants include the primary alkylsulphates, alkylsulphonates, alkylarylsulphonates and sec.-alkylsulphates. Examples include sodium C10-C18 alkylsulphates such as sodium dodecylsulphate and sodium tallow alcoholsulphate; sodium C10-C18 alkanesulphonates such as sodium hexadecyl-1-sulphonate and sodium c12-C18 alkylbenzenesulphonates such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonates. The corresponding potassium salts may also be employed.
• the amine oxide surfactants are typically of the structure R2R1N ⁇ O, in which each R represents a lower alkyl group, for instance, methyl, and R1 represents a long chain alkyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, for instance a lauryl, myristyl, palmityl or cetyl group.
• R1 represents a long chain alkyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, for instance a lauryl, myristyl, palmityl or cetyl group.
• a corresponding surfactant phosphine oxide R2R1PO or sulphoxide RR1SO can be employed.
• Betaine surfactants are typically of the structure R2R1N ⁇ R ⁇ COO-, in which each R represents a lower alkylene group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
• these surfactants include lauryl-dimethylamine oxide, myristyl-­ dimethylamine oxide, the corresponding phosphine oxides and sulphoxides, and the corresponding betaines, including dodecyldimethylammonium acetate, tetradecyldiethylammonium pentanoate, hexadecyldimethylammonium hexanoate and the like.
• the alkyl groups in these surfactants should be linear, and such compounds are preferred.
• Thixotropic thickeners i.e. thickeners for suspending agents which provide an aqueous medium with thixotropic properties
• thickeners for suspending agents which provide an aqueous medium with thixotropic properties
• Those especially preferred generally comprise the inorganic, colloid-forming clays of smectite and/or attapulgite types. These materials are generally used in amounts of about 0.1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5 weight percent, to confer the desired thixotropic properties and Bingham plastic character.
• the desired thixotropic properties and Bingham plastic character can be obtained in the presence of lesser amounts of the thixotropic thickeners.
• amounts of the inorganic colloid-forming clays of the smectite and/or attapulgite types in the range of from 0.1 to 3%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5%, especially 0.1 to 2%, are generally sufficient to achieve the desired thixotropic properties and Bingham plastic character when used in combination with the physical stabilizer.
• Smectite clays include montmorillonite (bentonite), hectorite, smectite, saponite, and the like. Montmorillonite clays are preferred and are available under the tradenames such as Thixogel (registered trademark) No. 1 and Gelwhite (registered trademark) GP, H, etc., from Georgia Kaolin Company; and ECCAGUM (registered trademark) GP, H, etc., from Luthern Clay Products. Attapulgite clays include the materials commercially available under the tradename Attagel (registered trademark), i.e. Attagel 40, Attagel 50 and Attagel 150 from Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals Corporation.
• Attagel registered trademark
• the preferred long chain fatty acids are the higher aliphatic fatty acids having from about 8 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and especially preferably from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms, inclusive of the carbon atom of the carboxyl group of the fatty acid.
• the aliphatic radical may be saturated or unsaturated and may be straight or branched. Straight chain saturated fatty acids are preferred.
• Mixtures of fatty acids may be used, such as those derived from natural sources, such as tallow fatty acid, coco fatty acid, soya fatty acid, etc., or from synthetic sources available from industrial manufacturing processes.
• examples of the fatty acids from which the polyvalent metal salt stabilizers can be formed include, for example, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, eicosanoic acid, tallow fatty acid, coco fatty acid, soya fatty acid, mixtures of these acids, etc.
• Stearic acid and mixed fatty acids are preferred.
• the preferred metals are the polyvalent metals of Groups IIA, IIB and IIIB, such as magnesium, calcium, aluminum and zinc, although other polyvalent metals, including those of Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, IB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements can also be used. Specific examples of such other polyvalent metals include Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Sn, Sb, Bi, etc. Generally, the metals may be present in the divalent to pentavalent state. Preferably, the metal salts are used in their higher oxidation states.
• the metal salt should be selected by taking into consideration the toxicity of the metal.
• the calcium and magnesium salts are especially higher preferred as generally safe food additives.
• the aluminum salts are available in the triacid form, e.g. aluminum stearate as aluminum tristearate, Al (C17-­H35COO)3.
• the monoacid salts e.g. aluminum monostearate and diacid salts, e.g. aluminum distearate, and mixtures of two or three of the mono-, di- and tri-acid salts can be used for those metals, e.g. Al, with valences of +3, and mixtures of the mono- and di-acid salts can be used for those metals, e.g. Zn, with valences of +2.
• the diacids of the +2 valent metals and the triacids of the +3 valent metals, the tetraacids of the +4 metals, and the pentacids of the +5 valent metals be used in predominant amounts.
• the metal salts are generally commercially available but can be easily produced by, for example, saponification of a fatty acid, e.g. animal fat, followed by treatment with an hydroxide or oxide of the poly­valent metal, for example, in the case of the aluminum salt, with alum, alumina, etc., or by reaction of a soluble metal salt with a soluble fatty acid salt.
• Calcium stearate i.e. calcium distearate, magnesium stearate, i.e. magnesium distearate, aluminum stearate, i.e. aluminum tristearate, and zinc stearate, i.e. zinc distearate, are the preferred polyvalent fatty acid salt stabilizers.
• Mixed fatty acid metal salts such as the naturally occurring acids, e.g. coco acid, as well as mixed fatty acids resulting from the commercial manufacturing process are also advantageously used as an inexpensive but effective source of the long chain fatty acid.
• the amount of the fatty acid salt stabilizer to achieve the desired enhancement of physical stability will depend on such factors as the nature of the fatty acid salt, the nature and amount of the thixotropic agent, detergent active compound, inorganic salts, especially NaTPP, other LADD ingredients, as well as the anticipated storage and shipping conditions.
• amounts of the polyvalent metal fatty acid salt stabilizing agents in the range of from about 0.02 to 1%, preferably from about 0.06 to 0.8%, especially preferably from about 0.08 to 0.4%, provide a long term stability and absence of phase separation upon standing or during transport at both low and elevated temperatures as are required for a commercially acceptable product.
• fatty acid salt not only increases physical stability but also provides a simultaneous increase in apparent viscosity.
• Ratios of fatty acid salt to thixotropic agent in the range of from about 0.08-0.4 weight percent fatty acid salt and from about 1-­2.5 weight percent thixotropic agent are usually sufficient to provide these simultaneous benefits and, therefore, the use of these ingredients in these ratios is most preferred.
• the amount of water contained in these composition should, of course, be neither so high as to produce unduly low viscosity and fluidity, nor so low as to produce unduly high viscosity and low flowability, thixotropic properties in either case being diminished or destroyed. Such amount is readily determined by routine experimentation in any particular instance, generally ranging from about 30 to 75 weight percent, preferably about 35 to 65 weight percent.
• the water should also be preferably deionized or softened.
• the foam depressor (when employed) is preliminarily provided as an aqueous dispersion, as is the thickening agent.
• the foam depressant dispersion, caustic soda (when employed) and inorganic salts are first mixed at elevated temperatures in aqueous solution (deionized water) and, thereafter, cooled, using agitation throughout. Bleach, surfactant, fatty acid metal salt stabilizer and thickener dispersion at room temperature are thereafter added to the cooled (25-35°C) solution. Excluding the chlorine bleach compound, total salt concentration (NaTPP, sodium silicate and carbonate) is generally about 20 to 50 weight percent, preferably about 30 to 40 weight percent in the compo­sition.
• Another highly preferred method for mixing the ingredients of the LADD formulations involves first forming a mixture of the water, foam suppressor, detergent, physical stabilizer (fatty acid salt) and thixotropic agent, e.g. clay. These ingredients are mixed together under high shear conditions, preferably starting at room temperature, to form a uniform dispersion. To this premixed portion, the remaining ingredients are introduced under low shear mixing conditions. For instance, the required amount of the premix is introduced into a low shear mixer and thereafter the remaining ingredients are added, with mixing, either sequentially or simultaneously. Preferably, the ingredients are added sequentially, although it is not necessary to complete the addition of all of one ingredient before beginning to add the next ingredient. Furthermore, one or more of the ingredients can be divided into portions and added at different times.
• compositions may be included in small amounts, generally less than about 3 weight percent, such as perfume, hydrotropic agents such as the sodium benzene, toluene, xylene and cumene sulphonates, preservatives, dyestuffs and pigments and the like, all of course being stable to chlorine bleach compound and high alkalinity (properties of all the components).
• hydrotropic agents such as the sodium benzene, toluene, xylene and cumene sulphonates
• preservatives dyestuffs and pigments and the like
• dyestuffs and pigments and the like all of course being stable to chlorine bleach compound and high alkalinity (properties of all the components).
• Especially preferred for coloring are the chlorinated phthalocyanines and polysulphides of aluminosilicate which provide, respectively, pleasing green and blue tints.
• TiO2 may be employed for whitening or neutralizing off-shades.
• liquid ADD compositions of this invention are readily employed in known manner for washing dishes, other kitchen utensils and the like in an automatic dishwasher, provided with a suitable detergent dispenser, in an aqueous wash bath containing an effective amount of the composition, generally sufficient to fill or partially fill the automatic dispenser cup of the particular machine being used.
• compositions as shown in Table I are prepared with varying amounts of alkaline compounds.
• Table I Ingredient Amount (Weight/%) Control Run No. 1 Run No. 2 Run No. 3 Run No. 4 Run No. 5 Run No.
• the monostearyl phosphate foam depressant and Dowfax 3B-2 detergent active compound are added to the mixture just before the Pharmagel H clay thickener; all of the NaOH is added after the clay.
• Viscosity kps
• Temp °C 4 RT 35
• Time weeks
• CONTROL 19 23 25 29 24
• 34 53
• 48 -- 68 -- 74 120 180 3 25 27 26 18 30
• 28 23 40 23 22 31 38
• 24 28 18 5 28 23 17 20 27 12 20 15 18 20 18 25 26 20 29 24
• Control composition and the compositions of Run Nos. 3 and 5 and a referential example in which the aluminum stearate of the control composition was omitted and the amount of clay increased to 2% were tested to measure rheological properties after standing at room temperature for 10 days, 6 weeks and 3 months.
• the results are shown in Table V.

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• 1989
  • 1989-05-30 MX MX016249A patent/MX169914B/es unknown
  • 1989-05-30 EP EP89109765A patent/EP0345611B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-05-30 AT AT89109765T patent/ATE130028T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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  • 1989-05-30 DE DE68924727T patent/DE68924727D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 1989-06-02 AU AU35987/89A patent/AU3598789A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1989-06-07 CA CA000602003A patent/CA1319308C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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