EP0343067B1 - Brechungslinse mit zusammengesetztem Profil - Google Patents

Brechungslinse mit zusammengesetztem Profil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0343067B1
EP0343067B1 EP89401361A EP89401361A EP0343067B1 EP 0343067 B1 EP0343067 B1 EP 0343067B1 EP 89401361 A EP89401361 A EP 89401361A EP 89401361 A EP89401361 A EP 89401361A EP 0343067 B1 EP0343067 B1 EP 0343067B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lens
lens according
region
concentric
diffractive components
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89401361A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0343067A1 (de
Inventor
Dominique Baude
Pierre Chavel
Denis Joyeux
Jean Taboury
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EssilorLuxottica SA
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Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1876—Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms
    • G02B5/189—Structurally combined with optical elements not having diffractive power
    • G02B5/1895—Structurally combined with optical elements not having diffractive power such optical elements having dioptric power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1876—Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G02C7/041—Contact lenses for the eyes bifocal; multifocal
    • G02C7/042—Simultaneous type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G02C7/041—Contact lenses for the eyes bifocal; multifocal
    • G02C7/044—Annular configuration, e.g. pupil tuned
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/20—Diffractive and Fresnel lenses or lens portions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of ophthalmic lenses.
  • the unifocal contact lenses are intended to be placed on the cornea of the eye and they make it possible to compensate for the ametropia of the eye (myopia or hyperopia).
  • intraocular implants are intended to replace the lens inside the eye.
  • the document FR-A-1 423 908 evokes, as schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B appended corresponding respectively to a front view and to a side section view, a contact lens 10 formed from two regions 11, 12 having on at least one face with radii of different curvatures and therefore of different refractive properties adapted respectively to near vision and to far vision.
  • the use of the lens described in document FR-A-1 423 908 requires a relative displacement between the lens and the eye during the transition from far vision to near vision thanks to the support of the lens on the lower eyelid, so that the axis of vision OO passes alternately through one or the other of the two regions 11, 12.
  • the theoretical relative position of the lens is illustrated schematically 10 and of the eye respectively in far vision and in near vision.
  • a distant object is referenced 13
  • a close object is referenced 14
  • the retina, the natural lens and the lower eyelid are referenced 15, 16 and 17 respectively.
  • Such a type of lens is not entirely satisfactory. It will be noted in particular that this type of lens in theory requires a significant displacement of the lens 10 relative to the eye so that the axis of vision OO passes alternately through one or the other of the two regions 11, 12 Therefore, the essential support of the lens 10 on the lower eyelid 17, combined with the relative displacement of the lens / eye make these lenses difficult to bear. If, moreover, the two types of correction are used simultaneously, the optical axis OO being close to the junction between the two regions 11, 12, an unacceptable image jump is obtained.
  • the documents US-A-1 647 721 and US-A-1 735 758 refer to lenses 20, 30, intended to be mounted on spectacle frames which, similarly to document FR-A-1 423 908, regions 21, 22; 31, 32, having different refractive properties; however, according to documents US-A-1 647 721 and US-1 735 758 the different refractive properties are not obtained by variation of radius of curvature, but by variation of index. More precisely, the different refractive properties are obtained by inclusion, in the body 22, 32 of the lens formed of a material of determined index, of an element 21, 31, formed of a material of different index.
  • the lenses defined in documents US-A-1 647 721 and US-A-1 735 758 have the same drawbacks as the lens presented in document FR-A-1 423 908.
  • the contact lenses of the prior art which have been succinctly described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 are intended to allow alternating vision. These lenses generally require a ballast to maintain their orientation and prevent their rotation on the eye, ballast which constitutes an extra thickness very troublesome for the comfort of the wearer.
  • the documents EP-A-1 184 490, EP-A-0 232 191, US-A-4 636 049 evoke a lens contact 40 formed of two concentric regions 41, 42, having on at least one face different radii of curvature and therefore different refractive properties, adapted respectively to near vision and to far vision.
  • These lenses no longer require relative movement between the lens and the eye to switch from one type of vision to another.
  • the component is very sensitive to variations in the pupillary diameter and the latter may experience large variations depending on the luminance and the patient. For example, if the central region 41 of the lens is assigned to near vision, when the opening of the lens is such that it covers only the central region 41, the user cannot correctly see a distant object.
  • Document US-A-3,726,578 mentions a lens which, similarly to documents EP-A-0 184 490, EP-0 232 191 and US-A-4 636 049, concentric regions having different refractive properties.
  • the different refractive properties are not obtained by variation of the radius of curvature, but by variation of the index, that is to say by inclusion, in the body of the lens formed of a material of determined index, of an element formed of a material of different index.
  • Documents US-A-3,004,470, US-4,162,122, US-A-4,210,391 and US-4,340,283 refer to lenses 50, 60 schematically illustrated in front view in attached FIG. 6A and in side sections in FIGS. 6B and 6C, no longer presenting two concentric regions only as recommended by documents EP-A-0 184 490, EP-0 232 191 and US-A-4 636 049, but a series of concentric zones in a crown 51 , 52; 61, 62, having alternately radii of curvature of a first and a second value 53, 54, 63, 64, to work alternately in near vision and in far vision.
  • the documents EP-AO O64 812 and US-A-4 637 697 mention another type of lens, intended to perform a bifocal correction of the eye without zone separation.
  • the lens proposed in documents EP-AO O64 812 and US-A-4 637 697 has a posterior surface and an anterior surface of medium curvatures adapted to the correction necessary for the distance vision of the wearer, the lens having in in addition to a hologram which provides the lens with additional diffraction power, such as the image of a close-up object is focused correctly on the retina.
  • the hologram can be generated within the lens or on the surface thereof.
  • the hologram can be generated by holographic recording.
  • the holograms in relief according to the document US-A-4 637 697 are formed of zones 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, concentric of the same surface, that is to say whose external rays evolve according to a geometric progression in K r1 or r1 denotes the external radius of the central zone 70, and K denotes the integers.
  • the phase profile of the hologram in relief is identical for all the zones 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 and asymmetrical to favor the +1 diffraction order.
  • the phase profile of each zone 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 can be defined by a series of A concentric levels of different thicknesses to obtain differences in optical delay of 2 ⁇ / A.
  • the hologram can be provided over all or only part of the optical zone of the lens.
  • the lens can be produced with several holograms generated separately, possibly superimposed, providing different diffraction powers.
  • obtaining different diffraction powers is materialized by zones consisting of concentric sub-zones whose external rays respond to different geometric progressions from one zone to another .
  • the use of lenses of the type mentioned in documents EP-O 064 812 and US-A-4 637 697 poses problems of perception of contrasts under certain vision conditions.
  • the document GB-A-802 918 previously described the association, in a sighting system for a firearm, of a part of optical means allowing the user to see clearly a distant target, on the other hand a zoned network allowing the user to observe the handlebars of the weapon.
  • the zoned network can be formed either of a transparent lens, one of the faces of which is formed of concentric zones of the same surface, alternately transparent and opaque, or of a transparent lens formed of concentric rings of the same radial surface but alternately having one or the other of two optical thicknesses.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a new type of bifocal or multifocal lens which eliminates the drawbacks of previous lenses.
  • the ophthalmic lens according to the present invention is of the known type comprising concentric diffractive components, and it is characterized in that it comprises at least two concentric regions having diffractive components which have phase profiles different from one region to the other to use different diffraction orders.
  • the lens according to the present invention because it has diffractive components of different phase profiles distributed over concentric regions, has a diffraction efficiency ratio in far vision and in near vision respectively which evolves according to the diameter of the pupillary opening.
  • the lens according to the present invention can therefore be better adapted to the conditions of use.
  • a lens 100 in accordance with the present invention comprises at least two concentric regions 110, 120, having diffractive components having different phase profiles in order to favor different diffraction orders.
  • the diffractive components can be formed of phase holograms by modulation of the relief or of the index, hereinafter referred to as relief or incide holograms.
  • the diffractive concentric regions of the lens 100 according to the present invention can be associated with a refractive component determined by the geometry of the lens.
  • the refractive component is formed by the difference in radius of curvature between the two main surfaces 130, 140, of the lens. More specifically, the refractive component may have an identical refractive power over the entire extent of the lens, or may have two different refractive powers, respectively opposite the two concentric regions 110, 120, of diffractive components. It is also possible to envisage using a refractive component having different refractive powers with respect to a single concentric region 110, 120, of diffractive components.
  • these diffractive components are formed of index holograms
  • these diffractive components are formed of concentric annular zones each having an index variation in the radial direction, the index profile of the various annular zones being identical, for a region considered 110 or 120 but differing from one region to another.
  • the external radius of the above-mentioned concentric annular zones evolves according to a geometric progression of the type K r1 where K denotes the integers, and r1 denotes the external radius of the central ring.
  • one of the faces 130 or 140 of the lens is formed of concentric annular relief structures.
  • Each region 110, 120 is formed of at least one annular structure in relief centered on the axis of the lens.
  • Each region 110, 120 can be formed of a large number of concentric relief structures referenced 110a, 110b, 110c ... for the central region 110 and 120a, 120b, 120c ... for the peripheral region 120 in the figures. 8 and 11.
  • These structures 110a, 110b; 120a, 120b have the same profile for the same region 110 or 120 but the relief structures 110a, 110b; 120a, 120b, have different profiles from one region to another.
  • the different structures 110a, 110b; 120a, 120b all have the same surface.
  • the external rays of the different structures evolve according to a geometric progression of the type K r1 where r1 denotes the external radius of the central structure 110a, as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 11 and K denotes successive integers.
  • N1 D12 / 4 r12.
  • N2 (D22 - D12) / 4r12.
  • N D2 / 4r12.
  • the profile of the structures 110a, 110b, 120a, 120b ... can be continuous as illustrated in FIG. 9B; it can also be sampled, as illustrated in FIG. 9A, for example formed by M levels, phase shifted by 2 ⁇ / M generating differences in optical delay ⁇ / M.
  • E not Energy in order n Energy incidence
  • E not (sin ⁇ n / M) 2 ( ⁇ n / M) 2 sin2 ⁇ (1 - n) M2sin2 ⁇ (1 - n) / M
  • the overall diffraction efficiency of a compound diffractive component as illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 8, of a central region 110 formed of a kinoform sampled in 4 phase-shifted levels of 2 ⁇ / 4 and of a peripheral region 120 formed of a slot function 0, ⁇ as a function of the pupillary opening diameter D is illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • the overall efficiency of the lens for the correction + 1 / f decreases towards a asymptote at 0.4 while the overall efficiency of the lens for the correction power -1 / f increases towards an asymptote at 0.4.
  • the lens when the diameter D of the pupillary opening is less than or equal to the external diameter D1 of the central region 110, the lens has an overall efficiency identical and equal to 0.4 for the correction powers + 1 / f and -1 / f.
  • FIG. 14 shows that the lens conforming to this first example does indeed favor near vision with high luminance while maintaining a correction threshold in near vision with low luminance, on the one hand, and allows far vision with low luminance on the other hand.
  • the central and peripheral regions of the refractive component and of the diffractive component are placed respectively opposite, that is to say that they have identical external radii.
  • the effectiveness of the lens for near vision, intermediate vision and far vision, as a function of the diameter of the pupillary opening D, is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 15. This shows that the lens corresponds to the conditions required, namely a near vision favored in high luminance and an intermediate vision and a far vision favored in low luminance.
  • FIG. 16 which schematically illustrates the effectiveness of the lens for the powers of correction in near vision and in far vision shows that the lens conforming to the aforementioned third example meets the expected criteria, namely a near vision maintained at a threshold in high luminance and favored in low luminance and a far vision favored in high luminance.
  • the central region and the peripheral region of the refractive component and of the diffractive component are placed respectively opposite, that is to say that they have identical external radii.
  • Figure 17 attached which schematically represents the effectiveness of the correction of the lens in near vision, in vision intermediate and far vision shows that the lens according to the fourth example meets the aforementioned criteria, namely: a near vision favored in low luminance as well as an intermediate vision and a far vision favored in high luminance.
  • the hologram necessary for the production of the diffractive component having two different phase profiles in accordance with the present invention can be generated using any means known per se to those skilled in the art, in particular by etching, molding or recording. .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Augenlinse der Bauart mit beugenden, konzentrischen (110a, 110b,...; 120a, 120b...) Bestandteilen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    sie wenigstens zwei konzentrische Bereiche (110, 120) umfaßt, die beugende Bestandteile (110a, 110b,...; 120a, 120b,...) besitzen, die von einem Bereich zum anderen unterschiedliche Phasenprofile aufweisen, um die verschiedenen Ordnungen (h) der Beugung zu nutzen.
  2. Linse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die beugenden Bestandteile (110a, 110b,...; 120a, 120b...) von reliefförmigen Hologrammen gebildet sind.
  3. Linse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die beugenden Bestandteile (110a, 110b,...; 120a, 120b...) von ringförmigen, konzentrischen Relief-Strukturen auf einer Seite der Linse gebildet sind, wobei das Profil der verschiedenen Relief-Strukturen für einen betrachteten Bereich identisch, aber von einem Bereich zum anderen verschieden ist.
  4. Linse nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der äußere Radius der Relief-Strukturen (110a, 110b,...; 120a, 120b,...), im Verhältnis zur optischen Achse der Linse sich gemäß einergeometrischen Reihe des Typs K
    Figure imgb0023
     r₁ verändert, wobei K die ganzen zahlen und r₁ den äußeren Radius der zentralen Struktur bezeichnen.
  5. Linse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die beugenden Bestandteile von Brechungshologrammen gebildet sind.
  6. Linse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die beugenden Bestandteile von konzentrischen Ringen gebildet sind, die in radialer Richtung eine Änderung der Brechung aufweisen, wobei das Brechungsprofil der verschiedenen ringförmigen konzentrischen Zonen für einen betrachteten Bereich identisch, aber von einem Bereich zum anderen verschieden ist.
  7. Linse nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der außere Radius der ringförmigen konzentrischen Zonen im Verhältnis zur optischen Achse der Linse sich gemäß einer geometrischen Reihe des Typs K
    Figure imgb0024
     r₁ verändert, wobei K die ganzen zahlen und r₁ den äußeren Radius des zentralen Rings bezeichnet.
  8. Linse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die beugenden Bestandteile mit einem brechenden Bestandteil verbunden sind, der durch die allgemeine Geometrie der Linse (130, 140) gebildet ist.
  9. Linse nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der brechende Bestandteil (130, 140) ein über die ganze Ausdehnung der Linse identisches Brechungsvermögen besitzt.
  10. Linse nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der brechende Bestandteil (130, 140) mindestens zwei verschiedene Brechungsvermögen besitzt, und zwar jeweils bezogen auf die konzentrischen Bereiche der beugenden Bestandteile, die dasselbe Phasenprofil haben.
  11. Linse nach Ansspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der brechende Bestandteil (130, 140) mindestens zwei verschiedene Brechungsvermögen besitzt, verglichen mit einem Bereich der beugenden Bestandteile, die dasselbe Phasenprofil haben.
  12. Linse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die konzentrischen, verschiedene Phasenprofile aufweisenden Bereiche (110, 120) der beugenden Bestandteile zum Arbeiten angepaßt sind, jeweils der eine in der Ordnung n = + 1 und der andere in den Ordnungen n = + 1 und n = - 1.
  13. Linse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 und 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    die konzentrischen, verschiedene Phasenprofile aufweisenden Bereiche (110, 120) der beugenden Bestandteile aus jeweils einem in Stufenform, zusammengestellt aus um 2 π/M phasenverschobenen M Niveaus mit M>2 und dem anderen mit Lücken in πn gebildet sind.
  14. Linse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    sie ein intraokulares Implantat bildet, das zum Ersetzen der Augenlinse bestimmt sind.
  15. Linse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    sie eine Kontaktlinse bildet, die zum Aufsetzen auf die Hornhaut des Auges zur Unterstützung der Augenlinse beim Sehen in der Nähe bestimmt ist.
EP89401361A 1988-05-19 1989-05-17 Brechungslinse mit zusammengesetztem Profil Expired - Lifetime EP0343067B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8806699A FR2631713B1 (fr) 1988-05-19 1988-05-19 Lentille diffractive a profil mixte
FR8806699 1988-05-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0343067A1 EP0343067A1 (de) 1989-11-23
EP0343067B1 true EP0343067B1 (de) 1993-03-31

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US (1) US5114220A (de)
EP (1) EP0343067B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0219822A (de)
AU (1) AU606519B2 (de)
DE (1) DE68905661T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2631713B1 (de)

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US5114220A (en) 1992-05-19
JPH0219822A (ja) 1990-01-23
DE68905661T2 (de) 1993-10-28
DE68905661D1 (de) 1993-05-06
AU606519B2 (en) 1991-02-07
FR2631713A1 (fr) 1989-11-24
EP0343067A1 (de) 1989-11-23
AU3464789A (en) 1989-11-23
FR2631713B1 (fr) 1990-08-31

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