EP0337230B1 - High temperature heating systems and method for their fabrication - Google Patents
High temperature heating systems and method for their fabrication Download PDFInfo
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- EP0337230B1 EP0337230B1 EP89105794A EP89105794A EP0337230B1 EP 0337230 B1 EP0337230 B1 EP 0337230B1 EP 89105794 A EP89105794 A EP 89105794A EP 89105794 A EP89105794 A EP 89105794A EP 0337230 B1 EP0337230 B1 EP 0337230B1
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- temperature heating
- high temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to high-temperature heating systems consisting of a composite system made of enamelled metal substrate, an electrically insulating base glass layer applied thereon, metallic heat conductors and chemically resistant cover glass layer and a mediator layer between enamelled metal substrate and insulating glass layer, a method for producing these heating systems and their use.
- Low temperature heating systems based on enamelled steel sheet have been known for a long time.
- electrical resistances in the form of heating lacquers, metal-containing pastes or metallic conductor tracks are applied directly to the enamelling.
- This conventional enamelling which acts as an electrical insulator, has the disadvantage that its electrical volume resistance decreases as the temperature rises, so that the use of such heating systems is limited to a low temperature range ( ⁇ 150 ° C.).
- DE-A 3536268 describes a heating element for high operating temperatures (> 150 ° C).
- This is a composite system consisting of sheet steel, on which there is an electrically insulating base glass layer, metallic conductor tracks and a chemical-resistant cover glass layer as a finish to the outside.
- This heating element can be loaded up to 400 ° C without changing the resistance of the insulating glass layer.
- This electrically insulating glass layer used here consists of an alkali-free calcium aluminum borosilicate (see also DE-A 3446554).
- the disadvantage of these heating elements is that the steel sheet must be decarburized, degreased, pickled and nickel-plated so that the insulating glass layer adheres well to the steel sheet.
- the heating elements further described in this document in which a steel sheet coated with a base enamel was used instead of a treated steel sheet, have the disadvantage that after a short time and repeated heating and cooling of the element, the volume resistance of the insulating glass layer also decreases here and thus the Functionality is severely impaired or even disturbed.
- the task was therefore to provide heating elements in which on the one hand the steel sheet does not have to be pretreated and on the other hand the insulating glass layer on which the conductor tracks are located maintains its volume resistance.
- the present invention relates to a high-temperature heating system consisting of an enamelled metal substrate, preferably sheet steel, on which there is a multi-layer system consisting of an inner layer of insulating glass, metallic conductor tracks and an outer layer of a cover glass, which is characterized in that the layer system a mediator layer is connected to the enamelled metal substrate.
- the mediator layer consists of a mixture of a zirconium phosphate glass and a boron-titanium frit, this mixture preferably consisting of 35-55% by weight of zirconium phosphate glass and 65-45% by weight of boron-titanium frit.
- the insulating glass layer is an alkali-free calcium-alumo-borosilicate glass.
- the outer cover glass layer consists of a mixture of a boron-titanium frit and a zirconium phosphate glass.
- the high-temperature heating systems according to the invention are produced by multi-screen printing processes in that the various layers are applied in succession to the enamelled metal substrate and then baked together in one operation at 780 to 850 ° C., preferably at 780 to 820 ° C.
- the layers are applied in the form of pastes, the pastes being mixed by intimate mixing of the mediator frit as a fine powder (grain size range from 1 to 25 ⁇ m), the insulating glass or the cover glass with a thermoplastic medium, an oil medium or with a medium of a water-soluble organic suspension.
- the mixing ratio of powder to medium is preferably approximately 4: 1.
- the pastes are applied either at room temperature or at elevated temperature (especially when using thermoplastics) with the screen printing mesh.
- Pine oil (80-90% by weight) with 3-15% by weight of rosin or derivatives thereof, 1-4% by weight of cellulose derivatives and 2-5% by weight of acrylic acid ester is preferably used as the oil medium, while the organic suspension preferably contains a mixture of 5-10% by weight of cellulose derivatives, 20-30% by weight of ethyl alcohol and 60% by weight of glycol derivatives.
- thermoplastic medium used is preferably steryl alcohol (70-80% by weight) with 5-15% by weight glycol ester, 5-15% by weight acrylic ester and 5-10% by weight rosin.
- the heating conductor is also applied in the form of a paste consisting of the above.
- Media and very finely divided metal particles preferably silver, ruthenium, a blend of the two metals, nickel or copper.
- the layer thickness of the screen printing layers is regulated via the mesh size and the thread thickness of the screen printing network.
- Sieves with 62 to 84 meshes / cm are preferred for the application of the heating circuit boards and sieves with 34 to 42 meshes / cm for the application of the other pastes.
- the heating conductor layer has a thickness of approximately 15-20 ⁇ m, while the remaining layers have thicknesses of the order of 50 ⁇ m.
- the high-temperature heating systems are preferably used as inserts in ovens, in washing machines, in hot water tanks and in toasters.
- a metal substrate preferably a steel sheet, which is provided as a high-temperature heating element, is coated with a known enamel frit by conventional methods (wet method or electrostatic) and fired.
- This enamelled metal substrate is then coated with e.g. 4 different pastes made of thermoplastic medium coated in the form of 5 screen printing jobs to be finally fired at 780-850 ° C.
- thermoplastic media such as a thermoplastic based on sterol and a plasticizer
- the intermediate drying after each screen printing job is omitted (see e.g. oil medium). Before the actual penetration, only a single evaporation is required.
- the mediator frit which consists of a mixture of 35-55% by weight of a zirconium phosphate glass and 65-45% by weight of a commercially available boron-titanium frit, is used as a fine powder (particle size range from 1 to 25 ⁇ m) with the thermoplastic and the plasticizer is intimately mixed in a closed container at approx. 75 ° C for approx. one hour using a stirrer and homogenized using a three-roll mill, the cylinders of which are also preheated to approx. 60 ° C.
- the mixing ratio of the powder to the medium is 4: 1.
- the homogenized product is liquid on the (directly or indirectly) heated screen printing network on the enameled metal substrate.
- the sieve has 34 to 42 stitches / cm.
- the pastes with the insulating glass or cover glass are produced and applied in the same way.
- the heating conductor paste consists of finely divided metal particles in the thermoplastic medium. Sieves with 62 to 84 stitches / cm are used for the application.
- thermoplastic medium is evaporated at 780-850 ° C in a drying or heating tunnel at approx. 100-150 ° C before the actual fire.
- Insulating glass (sieve with 34 stitches / cm; applied twice to increase the layer thickness):
- Finely divided silver in a thermoplastic medium 70-80% by weight steryl alcohol, 5-15% by weight glycol ester, 5-15 % By weight of acrylic acid ester and 5-10% by weight of rosin).
- each screen print is 50 ⁇ m, while the heating conductor layer moves at a thickness of 15-20 ⁇ m.
- Screen printing is carried out using commercial machines available on the market.
- the same application system can also be used for geometrically complex metal substrate shapes, namely by means of the so-called "pad printing" using special media.
- the fire takes place at 800-820 ° C in one operation.
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- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Hochtemperaturheizsysteme bestehend aus einem Verbundsystem aus emailliertem Metallsubstrat, darauf aufgebrachter elektrisch isolierender Grundglasschicht, metallischen Heizleitern und chemisch resistenter Deckglasschicht sowie einer Vermittlerschicht zwischen emailliertem Metallsubstrat und Isolierglasschicht, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Heizsysteme sowie deren Verwendung.The present invention relates to high-temperature heating systems consisting of a composite system made of enamelled metal substrate, an electrically insulating base glass layer applied thereon, metallic heat conductors and chemically resistant cover glass layer and a mediator layer between enamelled metal substrate and insulating glass layer, a method for producing these heating systems and their use.
Niedertemperaturheizsysteme auf Basis von emailliertem Stahlblech sind seit langem bekannt. Hierbei werden direkt auf die Emaillierung elektrische Widerstände in Form von Heizlacken, metallhaltigen Pasten oder metallischen Leiterbahnen aufgebracht. Diese konventionelle Emaillierung, die hierbei als elektrischer Isolator fungiert, hat den Nachteil, daß sich ihr elektrischer Durchgangswiderstand bei Erhöhung der Temperatur verringert, so daß die Verwendung solcher Heizsysteme auf einen niedrigen Temperaturbereich ( < 150°C) beschränkt bleibt.Low temperature heating systems based on enamelled steel sheet have been known for a long time. Here, electrical resistances in the form of heating lacquers, metal-containing pastes or metallic conductor tracks are applied directly to the enamelling. This conventional enamelling, which acts as an electrical insulator, has the disadvantage that its electrical volume resistance decreases as the temperature rises, so that the use of such heating systems is limited to a low temperature range (<150 ° C.).
In der DE-A 3536268 wird ein Heizelement für hohe Gebrauchstemperaturen ( > 150°C) beschrieben. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Verbundsystem bestehend aus Stahlblech, worauf sich eine elektrisch isolierende Grundglasschicht, metallische Leiterbahnen und als Abschluß nach außen eine chemisch resistente Deckglasschicht befinden. Dieses Heizelement ist bis 400°C belastbar, ohne daß sich der Widerstand der Isolierglasschicht ändert. Diese hier verwendete elektrisch isolierende Glasschicht besteht aus einem alkalifreien Calcium-Aluminium-Boro-Silicat (siehe auch DE-A 3446554).DE-A 3536268 describes a heating element for high operating temperatures (> 150 ° C). This is a composite system consisting of sheet steel, on which there is an electrically insulating base glass layer, metallic conductor tracks and a chemical-resistant cover glass layer as a finish to the outside. This heating element can be loaded up to 400 ° C without changing the resistance of the insulating glass layer. This electrically insulating glass layer used here consists of an alkali-free calcium aluminum borosilicate (see also DE-A 3446554).
Nachteil dieser Heizelemente ist, daß das Stahlblech entkohlt, entfettet, gebeizt und vernickelt sein muß, damit die Isolierglasschicht gut auf dem Stahlblech haftet. Die in dieser Schrift weiterhin beschriebenen Heizelemente, bei denen anstelle eines behandelten Stahlblechs ein mit einem Grundemail beschichtetes Stahlblech verwendet wurde, haben den Nachteil, daß nach kurzer Zeit und mehrmaligem Aufheizen und Abkühlen des Elementes, der Durchgangswiderstand der Isolierglasschicht auch hier sich verringert und damit die Funktionsfähigkeit stark beeinträchtigt bzw. sogar gestört wird.The disadvantage of these heating elements is that the steel sheet must be decarburized, degreased, pickled and nickel-plated so that the insulating glass layer adheres well to the steel sheet. The heating elements further described in this document, in which a steel sheet coated with a base enamel was used instead of a treated steel sheet, have the disadvantage that after a short time and repeated heating and cooling of the element, the volume resistance of the insulating glass layer also decreases here and thus the Functionality is severely impaired or even disturbed.
Aufgabe war es daher, Heizelemente zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei denen einerseits das Stahlblech nicht vorbehandelt werden muß und andererseits die Isolierglasschicht, auf denen sich die Leiterbahnen befinden, ihren Durchgangswiderstand beibehält.The task was therefore to provide heating elements in which on the one hand the steel sheet does not have to be pretreated and on the other hand the insulating glass layer on which the conductor tracks are located maintains its volume resistance.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß neuartige hochtemperaturbeständige Heizsysteme diese Nachteile nicht aufweisen.It has now been found that new high-temperature resistant heating systems do not have these disadvantages.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Hochtemperaturheizsystem bestehend aus einem emaillierten Metallsubstrat, vorzugsweise Stahlblech, auf dem sich ein Mehrschichtsystem befindet, das aus einer inneren Schicht eines Isolierglases, metallischen Leiterbahnen und einer äußeren Schicht eines Deckglases besteht, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß das Schichtsystem über eine Vermittlerschicht mit dem emailliertem Metallsubstrat verbunden ist.The present invention relates to a high-temperature heating system consisting of an enamelled metal substrate, preferably sheet steel, on which there is a multi-layer system consisting of an inner layer of insulating glass, metallic conductor tracks and an outer layer of a cover glass, which is characterized in that the layer system a mediator layer is connected to the enamelled metal substrate.
Die Vermittlerschicht besteht aus einem Gemisch eines Zirkonphosphatglases und einer Bor-Titan-Fritte, wobei dieses Gemisch vorzugsweise aus 35-55 Gew.-% Zirkonphosphatglas und 65-45 Gew.-% Bor-Titan-Fritte besteht.The mediator layer consists of a mixture of a zirconium phosphate glass and a boron-titanium frit, this mixture preferably consisting of 35-55% by weight of zirconium phosphate glass and 65-45% by weight of boron-titanium frit.
Die Isolierglasschicht ist ein alkalifreies Calcium-Alumo-Boro-Silikatglas.The insulating glass layer is an alkali-free calcium-alumo-borosilicate glass.
Die äußere Deckglasschicht besteht aus einem Gemisch einer Bor-Titan-Fritte und einem Zirkonphosphatglas.The outer cover glass layer consists of a mixture of a boron-titanium frit and a zirconium phosphate glass.
Die o.g. Zirkonphosphatgläser können folgende Zusammensetzung aufweisen:
- ZrO₂
- 26-30 Gew.-%
- P₂O₅
- 21-25 Gew.-%
- SiO₂
- 7-12 Gew.-%
- Na₂O
- 6-10 Gew.-%
- K₂O
- 8-12 Gew.-%
- TiO₂
- 6-10 Gew.-%
- BaO
- 8-12 Gew.-%
- F
- 3-8 Gew.-%
The above zirconium phosphate glasses can have the following composition:
- ZrO₂
- 26-30% by weight
- P₂O₅
- 21-25% by weight
- SiO₂
- 7-12% by weight
- Na₂O
- 6-10% by weight
- K₂O
- 8-12% by weight
- TiO₂
- 6-10% by weight
- BaO
- 8-12% by weight
- F
- 3-8% by weight
Bei den o.g. Bor-Titan-Fritten handelt es sich um an sich bekannte und übliche Frittensorten (vgl. z.B. A.I. Andrews, Porcelain Enamels, S. 277). Die o.g. Isoliergläser können folgende Zusammensetzung aufweisen:
- B₂O₃
- 43-48 Gew.-%
- CaO
- 29-34 Gew.-%
- SiO₂
- 8-15 Gew.-%
- Al₂O₃
- 7-10 Gew.-%
- MgO
- 1-2 Gew.-%
The above-mentioned boron-titanium frits are known and customary types of fries (see, for example, AI Andrews, Porcelain Enamels, p. 277). The above insulating glasses can have the following composition:
- B₂O₃
- 43-48% by weight
- CaO
- 29-34% by weight
- SiO₂
- 8-15% by weight
- Al₂O₃
- 7-10% by weight
- MgO
- 1-2% by weight
Die erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperaturheizsysteme werden durch Multisiebdruckverfahren hergestellt, indem die verschiedenen Schichten nacheinander auf das emaillierte Metllsubstrat aufgebracht und anschließend in einem Arbeitsgang gemeinsam bei 780 bis 850°C, vorzugsweise bei 780 bis 820°C eingebrannt werden.The high-temperature heating systems according to the invention are produced by multi-screen printing processes in that the various layers are applied in succession to the enamelled metal substrate and then baked together in one operation at 780 to 850 ° C., preferably at 780 to 820 ° C.
Die Schichten werden in Form von Pasten aufgetragen, wobei die Pasten durch innige Vermischung der Vermittlerfritte als feines Pulver (Korngrößenbereich von 1 bis 25 µm), des Isolierglases oder des Deckglases mit einem thermoplastischen Medium, einem Ölmedium oder mit einem Medium einer wasserlösliche organischen Suspension hergestellt werden.The layers are applied in the form of pastes, the pastes being mixed by intimate mixing of the mediator frit as a fine powder (grain size range from 1 to 25 µm), the insulating glass or the cover glass with a thermoplastic medium, an oil medium or with a medium of a water-soluble organic suspension.
Das Mischungsverhältnis von Pulver zum Medium beträgt vorzugsweise ungefähr 4:1.The mixing ratio of powder to medium is preferably approximately 4: 1.
Bei Einsatz des Ölmediums bzw. der wasserlöslichen organischen Suspension ist nach jedem Schichtauftrag eine Zwischentrocknung erforderlich, während bei Einsatz des Thermoplasten vor dem eigentlichen gemeinsamen Einbrand ein einziger gemeinsamer Abdampfprozeß (bei ca. 100-150°C) erfolgt.If the oil medium or the water-soluble organic suspension is used, intermediate drying is required after each layer application, while if the thermoplastic is used, a single joint evaporation process (at approx. 100-150 ° C) takes place before the actual joint firing.
Je nach Konsistenz des Mediums werden die Pasten entweder bei Zimmertemperatur oder erhöhter Temperatur (vor allem bei Verwendung von Thermoplasten) mit dem Siebdrucknetz aufgetragen.Depending on the consistency of the medium, the pastes are applied either at room temperature or at elevated temperature (especially when using thermoplastics) with the screen printing mesh.
Als Ölmedium wird bevorzugt Pinienöl (80-90 Gew.-%) mit 3-15 Gew.-% Kolophonium oder Derivate davon, 1-4 Gew.-% Cellulosederivate und 2-5 Gew.-% Acrylsäureester eingesetzt, während die organische Suspension vorzugsweise eine Mischung aus 5-10 Gew.-% Cellulosederivate, 20-30 Gew.-% Ethylalkohol und 60 Gew.-% Glykolderivate enthält.Pine oil (80-90% by weight) with 3-15% by weight of rosin or derivatives thereof, 1-4% by weight of cellulose derivatives and 2-5% by weight of acrylic acid ester is preferably used as the oil medium, while the organic suspension preferably contains a mixture of 5-10% by weight of cellulose derivatives, 20-30% by weight of ethyl alcohol and 60% by weight of glycol derivatives.
Als thermoplastisches Medium wird bevorzugt Sterylalkohol (70-80 Gew.-%) mit 5-15 Gew.-% Glykolester, 5-15 Gew.-% Acrylsäureester und 5-10 Gew.-% Kolophonium verwendet.The thermoplastic medium used is preferably steryl alcohol (70-80% by weight) with 5-15% by weight glycol ester, 5-15% by weight acrylic ester and 5-10% by weight rosin.
Der Heizleiterauftrag erfolgt ebenfalls in Form einer Paste bestehend aus den o.g. Medien und feinstverteilten Metallpartikeln, vorzugsweise Silber, Ruthenium, einem Verschnitt der beiden Metalle, Nickel oder Kupfer.The heating conductor is also applied in the form of a paste consisting of the above. Media and very finely divided metal particles, preferably silver, ruthenium, a blend of the two metals, nickel or copper.
Die Schichtstärke der Siebdruckschichten wird über die Maschenweite und die Fadenstärke des Siebdrucknetzes geregelt. Für den Auftrag der Heizleiterplatten werden bevorzugt Siebe mit 62 bis 84 Maschen/cm und für den Auftrag der übrigen Pasten Siebe mit 34 bis 42 Maschen/cm eingesetzt.The layer thickness of the screen printing layers is regulated via the mesh size and the thread thickness of the screen printing network. Sieves with 62 to 84 meshes / cm are preferred for the application of the heating circuit boards and sieves with 34 to 42 meshes / cm for the application of the other pastes.
Die Heizleiterschicht hat eine Dicke von etwa 15-20 µm, während die übrigen Schichten Dicken in der Größenordnung von 50 µm aufweisen.The heating conductor layer has a thickness of approximately 15-20 μm, while the remaining layers have thicknesses of the order of 50 μm.
Häufig werden verschiedene Heizleiterbahnen aus unterschiedlichen Metallen aufgetragen, was bedeutet, daß je nach Zahl der unterschiedlichen Metalle die entsprechende Anzahl an Siebdruckaufträgen durchgeführt werden muß.Different heating conductor tracks made of different metals are often applied, which means that, depending on the number of different metals, the corresponding number of screen printing jobs must be carried out.
Aufgrund der vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Hochtemperaturheizsysteme werden diese bevorzugt als Einsätze in Backöfen, in Waschmaschinen, in Heißwasserspeichern und in Toastgeräten verwendet.Because of the advantageous properties of the high-temperature heating systems according to the invention, they are preferably used as inserts in ovens, in washing machines, in hot water tanks and in toasters.
Der Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung soll anhand der folgenden Ausführungen und des Beispiels noch näher erläutert werden, ohne ihn dadurch einzuschränken:The subject matter of the present invention is to be explained in more detail with reference to the following explanations and the example, without restricting it thereby:
Ein Metallsubstrat, vorzugsweise ein Stahlblech, das als Hochtemperaturheizelement vorgesehen ist, wird mit einer bekannten Emailfritte nach üblichen Verfahren (Naßverfahren oder elektrostatisch) beschichtet und gebrannt. Dieses emaillierte Metallsubstrat wird dann mit z.B. 4 verschiedenen Pasten aus thermoplastischem Medium in Form von 5 Siebdruckaufträgen beschichtet, um abschließend bei 780-850°C gebrannt zu werden.A metal substrate, preferably a steel sheet, which is provided as a high-temperature heating element, is coated with a known enamel frit by conventional methods (wet method or electrostatic) and fired. This enamelled metal substrate is then coated with e.g. 4 different pastes made of thermoplastic medium coated in the form of 5 screen printing jobs to be finally fired at 780-850 ° C.
Erfolgen die Siebdruckaufträge mit thermoplastischen Medien (wie z.B. einem Thermoplasten auf der Basis von Sterin und einem Weichmacher) so entfallen die Zwischentrocknungen nach jedem Siebdruckauftrag (siehe z.B. Ölmedium). Vor dem eigentlichen Einbrand ist lediglich ein einziges gemeinsames Abdampfen erforderlich.If the screen printing jobs are carried out with thermoplastic media (such as a thermoplastic based on sterol and a plasticizer), the intermediate drying after each screen printing job is omitted (see e.g. oil medium). Before the actual penetration, only a single evaporation is required.
Die Vermittlerfritte, die aus einer Mischung von 35-55 Gew.-% eines Zirkonphosphatglases und 65-45 Gew.-% einer handelsüblichen Bor-Titan-Fritte besteht, wird als feines Pulver (Korngrößenbereich von 1 bis 25 µm) mit dem Thermoplasten und dem Weichmacher in einem geschlossenen Behälter bei ca. 75°C ca. eine Stunde mittels Rührer innig vermischt und mittels Dreiwalzenstuhl, dessen Zylinder ebenfalls auf etwa 60°C vorgeheizt sind, homogenisiert.The mediator frit, which consists of a mixture of 35-55% by weight of a zirconium phosphate glass and 65-45% by weight of a commercially available boron-titanium frit, is used as a fine powder (particle size range from 1 to 25 µm) with the thermoplastic and the plasticizer is intimately mixed in a closed container at approx. 75 ° C for approx. one hour using a stirrer and homogenized using a three-roll mill, the cylinders of which are also preheated to approx. 60 ° C.
Das Mischungsverhältnis des Pulvers zum Medium liegt bei 4: 1. Das homogenisierte Produkt wird flüssig über das (direkt oder indirekt) beheizte Siebdrucknetz auf das emaillierte Metallsubstrat aufgedruckt.The mixing ratio of the powder to the medium is 4: 1. The homogenized product is liquid on the (directly or indirectly) heated screen printing network on the enameled metal substrate.
Das Sieb hat 34 bis 42 Maschen/cm.The sieve has 34 to 42 stitches / cm.
Die Pasten mit dem Isolierglas bzw. dem Deckglas werden genauso hergestellt und ebenso aufgetragen.The pastes with the insulating glass or cover glass are produced and applied in the same way.
Die Heizleiterpaste besteht aus feinstverteilten Metallpartikeln im thermoplastischen Medium. Für den Auftrag verwendet man Siebe mit 62 bis 84 Maschen/cm.The heating conductor paste consists of finely divided metal particles in the thermoplastic medium. Sieves with 62 to 84 stitches / cm are used for the application.
Nachdem die Schichten nacheinander aufgetragen worden sind, wird das thermoplastische Medium vor dem eigentlichen Brand bei 780-850°C in einem Trocken- bzw. Wärmetunnel bei ca. 100-150°C abgedampft.After the layers have been applied one after the other, the thermoplastic medium is evaporated at 780-850 ° C in a drying or heating tunnel at approx. 100-150 ° C before the actual fire.
- 250,2 g250.2 g
- BorsäureBoric acid
- 176,7 g176.7 g
- CalciumcarbonatCalcium carbonate
- 12,0 g12.0 g
- MagnesiumcarbonatMagnesium carbonate
- 5,1 g5.1 g
- Quarzquartz
- 57,9 g57.9 g
- Ton (48% SiO₂, 38% Al₂O₃)Clay (48% SiO₂, 38% Al₂O₃)
Feinverteiltes Silber im thermoplastischen Medium (70-80 Gew.-% Sterylalkohol, 5-15 Gew.-% Glykolester, 5-15 Gew.-% Acrylsäureester und 5-10 Gew.-% Kolophonium).Finely divided silver in a thermoplastic medium (70-80% by weight steryl alcohol, 5-15% by weight glycol ester, 5-15 % By weight of acrylic acid ester and 5-10% by weight of rosin).
50 Gew.-% Zirkonphosphatglas und 50 Gew.-% Bor-Titan-Fritte wie unter Vermittlerfritte.50% by weight of zirconium phosphate glass and 50% by weight of boron-titanium frit as under mediator frit.
Die Auftragsstärke eines jeden Siebdruckes liegt bei 50 µm, während sich die Heizleiterschicht bei einer Dicke von 15-20 µm bewegt.The thickness of each screen print is 50 µm, while the heating conductor layer moves at a thickness of 15-20 µm.
Der Siebdruck erfolgt über im Handel erhältliche Auftragsmaschinen. Das gleiche Auftragssystem kann auch bei geometrisch komplizierten Metallsubstratformen angewandt werden und zwar mittels des sogenannten "Tampondrucks" unter Verwendung von Spezialmedien.Screen printing is carried out using commercial machines available on the market. The same application system can also be used for geometrically complex metal substrate shapes, namely by means of the so-called "pad printing" using special media.
Der Brand erfolgt bei 800-820°C in einem Arbeitsgang.The fire takes place at 800-820 ° C in one operation.
Claims (7)
and is present together with a boron-titanium frit known per se.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT89105794T ATE67369T1 (en) | 1988-04-15 | 1989-04-03 | HIGH TEMPERATURE HEATING SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT20218/88A IT1218221B (en) | 1988-04-15 | 1988-04-15 | HIGH TEMPERATURE HEATING SYSTEMS AND METHOD TO PRODUCE THEM |
| IT2021888 | 1988-04-15 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0337230A2 EP0337230A2 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
| EP0337230A3 EP0337230A3 (en) | 1990-03-07 |
| EP0337230B1 true EP0337230B1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
Family
ID=11164847
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89105794A Expired - Lifetime EP0337230B1 (en) | 1988-04-15 | 1989-04-03 | High temperature heating systems and method for their fabrication |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4970375A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0337230B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0212788A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE67369T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1298603C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE8909020U1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK181489A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2025348B3 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1218221B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO891370L (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2589060Y2 (en) * | 1991-01-31 | 1999-01-20 | 有限会社フジオート | Steering wheel swivel for handicapped |
| JPH09213781A (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 1997-08-15 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | Stage structure and processor using it |
| JPH1064669A (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1998-03-06 | Tokyo Cosmos Electric Co Ltd | Sheet-form heat emitting body for mirror and manufacture of heat emitting body |
| FR2763233B1 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-07-16 | Robot Coupe Sa | ELECTRIC APPARATUS FOR THERMAL CONDITIONING OF FOODS |
| US5973298A (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-10-26 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Circular film heater and porcelain enamel cooktop |
| DE19820141A1 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-25 | Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh | Electric cigarette lighter for motor vehicle |
| DE19941038A1 (en) * | 1999-08-28 | 2001-03-01 | Guenther Heiskanaltechnik Gmbh | Electric heater for hot runner systems and method for producing such a heater |
| US6225608B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2001-05-01 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Circular film heater |
| SE515785C2 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-10-08 | Obducat Ab | Apparatus for homogeneous heating of an object and use of the apparatus |
| DE10145702A1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-17 | Bleckmann Gmbh Lamprechtshause | Flat heating profile for direct medium heating |
| DE102005008903A1 (en) * | 2005-02-26 | 2006-08-31 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Large-area heating element of small thickness, in particular Garofenheizelement |
| JP4192934B2 (en) | 2005-10-07 | 2008-12-10 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Speaker system |
| DE102008010343A1 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2009-01-02 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Water heating device i.e. flow-type heater, for e.g. dishwasher, has metal base for supporting isolation layer, where device at side of base for direct laminar contact with water is provided with single-layer or two-layered enamel layer |
| DE102008049215A1 (en) | 2008-09-27 | 2010-04-01 | Hotset Heizpatronen U. Zubehör Gmbh | Electric heating element for technical purposes |
| US20100077602A1 (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2010-04-01 | Wolfgang Kollenberg | Method of making an electrical heater |
| JP5416570B2 (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2014-02-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Heating / cooling device and apparatus equipped with the same |
| DE102012209936A1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | Webasto Ag | Electric heating device for a motor vehicle |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3694627A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1972-09-26 | Whirlpool Co | Heating element & method of making |
| EP0112922B1 (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1988-09-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Panel heater |
| DE3536268A1 (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-04-16 | Bayer Ag | SURFACE HEATING ELEMENTS |
| DE3545442A1 (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-06-25 | Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | HEATING ELEMENT FOR THERMAL HOME APPLIANCES, ESPECIALLY FOR COOKING POINTS |
| DE3625087A1 (en) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-01-28 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | ELECTRIC COMPONENT |
| DE3723345A1 (en) * | 1987-07-15 | 1989-01-26 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICE FOR A HEATING PLATE |
-
1988
- 1988-04-15 IT IT20218/88A patent/IT1218221B/en active
-
1989
- 1989-03-31 NO NO89891370A patent/NO891370L/en unknown
- 1989-04-03 DE DE8909020U patent/DE8909020U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-03 EP EP89105794A patent/EP0337230B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-03 ES ES89105794T patent/ES2025348B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-03 AT AT89105794T patent/ATE67369T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-03 DE DE8989105794T patent/DE58900273D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-03 US US07/332,166 patent/US4970375A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-11 JP JP1089898A patent/JPH0212788A/en active Pending
- 1989-04-13 CA CA000596558A patent/CA1298603C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-14 DK DK181489A patent/DK181489A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO891370D0 (en) | 1989-03-31 |
| IT1218221B (en) | 1990-04-12 |
| DE8909020U1 (en) | 1989-12-14 |
| DK181489D0 (en) | 1989-04-14 |
| EP0337230A3 (en) | 1990-03-07 |
| ES2025348B3 (en) | 1992-03-16 |
| ATE67369T1 (en) | 1991-09-15 |
| IT8820218A0 (en) | 1988-04-15 |
| CA1298603C (en) | 1992-04-07 |
| NO891370L (en) | 1989-10-16 |
| US4970375A (en) | 1990-11-13 |
| JPH0212788A (en) | 1990-01-17 |
| EP0337230A2 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
| DK181489A (en) | 1989-10-16 |
| DE58900273D1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
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