EP0335892B1 - Verfahren zum korrigieren der amplituden-frequenzcharakteristik einer elektroakustischen wandleranordnung und entsprechende wandlereinrichtung - Google Patents

Verfahren zum korrigieren der amplituden-frequenzcharakteristik einer elektroakustischen wandleranordnung und entsprechende wandlereinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0335892B1
EP0335892B1 EP88900235A EP88900235A EP0335892B1 EP 0335892 B1 EP0335892 B1 EP 0335892B1 EP 88900235 A EP88900235 A EP 88900235A EP 88900235 A EP88900235 A EP 88900235A EP 0335892 B1 EP0335892 B1 EP 0335892B1
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Prior art keywords
transducer
transducers
amplitude
frequency response
curve
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP88900235A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0335892A1 (de
Inventor
Clément Eloise-Pillerault
Claude Benoit
Vincent Benoit
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2876—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding
    • H04R1/288—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/227—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only  using transducers reproducing the same frequency band
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2884—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of the enclosure structure, i.e. strengthening or shape of the enclosure
    • H04R1/2888—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of the enclosure structure, i.e. strengthening or shape of the enclosure for loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electro-acoustic transducers, in particular transduction systems consisting of at least one loudspeaker mounted in a resonant acoustic enclosure, intended to be connected at the output of an electrical modulation source to restore the signal. corresponding sound.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for correcting the amplitude / frequency response of this type of transduction systems. It also provides a new transduction system making it possible to operate according to the invented method, as well as preferred modes of use of the new transducer assembly.
  • equalizers are generally selective networks, most often incorporated in the acoustic enclosure, and intended to correct the electrical input signal from the transducer, to compensate for irregularities in the amplitude / frequency response of the loudspeakers.
  • This equalization method is for example carried out by using passive anti-resonant circuits inserted between the amplifier and the acoustic enclosure, and carrying out a selective weakening of the output signal of the amplifier.
  • the filters themselves are a factor of distortion of the signal, because of the impossibility of giving them a perfectly linear transfer function in their bandwidth. They are also subject to variations in their response characteristics as a function of the ambient temperature, or even of their aging.
  • equalization circuits brings constraints with regard to the characteristics of the corrected loudspeaker to avoid the unfavorable indirect effects, such as for example the damping of the loudspeaker (cf. "Engineering technique” “; E 2613-9; paragraphs 2, 32).
  • the equalization of the response curve of the electro-acoustic transducers is also approached by making precise choices on the parameters of the enclosure, in relation to the parameters of the speaker (s) mounted in the enclosure.
  • FIG. 3 represents the uncorrected response curve (curve A) characteristic of known transducers, and the response curve after correction (curve B), using known techniques, such as for example the so-called “Thiele and Small” techniques.
  • this involves acting on the resonant frequency, the overvoltage coefficient, or even the equivalent volume (V as ) of the loudspeaker, in relation to techniques for damping the acoustic phenomena of speaker noise, for example by stuffing its internal walls with a "choking" material (glass wool).
  • the objective of the present invention is therefore to overcome these various drawbacks of existing equalization methods.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a method for correcting the amplitude / frequency response curve of the electro-acoustic transducers, without affecting the efficiency of the electric amplifier + electro-acoustic transducer system.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide such a correction method applicable whatever the specific response curve of the electro-acoustic transducers used, provided that their amplitude / frequency response curve exhibits "cyclic" irregularities around an average value of the level of restitution of the sound signal.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide an equalization process which operates over the entire spectrum of the audible frequency spectrum, in particular up to the highest fundamental sounds (4000 Hz).
  • the method according to the invention also has the advantage of making it possible to act very finely on the tone or timbre of the sound signal reproduced by the transducers.
  • This rather surprising characteristic thus makes it possible for example to obtain diversified sound effects by adjusting the transducers, or even to compensate for faults affecting the sound signal emitted, these faults being able for example to result from the technique of recording the signal, or even the acoustics of the listening room.
  • said transducer will exhibit all the more “exploitable” natural irregularities as its efficiency is high, that is to say that it is devoid of any damping device and is at its maximum sensitivity.
  • the second transducer a transducer identical to the first transducer is used, said second transducer having an adjustable resonant frequency so as to allow an offset of its response curve relative to that of the first transducer, to achieve mutual compensation of their respective irregularities.
  • the response curve of said second transducer is shifted by action on one of the following parameters: value and configuration of the volume of the enclosure; change in air flow in one or more vents made in the enclosure; modification of the characteristics of a passive speaker mounted in the enclosure of the adjustable electro-acoustic transducer.
  • the equalization method thus defined can be implemented in particular in a set of twin transducers, consisting of two speakers each provided with at least one speaker, said speakers having a common wall of which at least one portion is movable so as to adjust the volume of each of said speakers.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the fundamental principle of the production method according to the invention.
  • the response curve A corresponds to a first electro-acoustic transducer intended to operate for example over a range I of frequencies ranging from 60 Hz to 3000 Hz or more.
  • This response curve has alternating irregularities, which result in a variation in the level of sound reproduction (ordinate axis in dB), around an average level L m located around + 2 dB, in the case shown.
  • the principle of the equalization method according to the invention consists in using at least one second electro-acoustic transducer, in cooperation with the first, the second transducer being chosen so as to have a response curve C similar to the response curve A of the first transducer, but offset from it.
  • the offset of the two response curves A and C corresponds substantially to the value of a half-period of the irregularity cycles of the transducers. It follows that the frequency intervals for which the response curve A of the first transducer exhibits a significant relative attenuation substantially correspond to a level of restitution maximum of the response curve C of the second associated transducer.
  • the restored signal corresponding to the addition of the signals coming from each of the transducers is therefore equalized over the entire frequency spectrum, by mutual compensation of the irregular response curves of each transducer.
  • the mutual compensation of the irregularities of the response curves A and C of the twin electro-acoustic transducers will only be effective if the irregularities in question are of alternating shape, that is to say that they occur under the form of a succession of attenuations and maximum levels, at intervals which coincide with frequency.
  • the irregularities must be in the form of alternation of attenuations and maximum levels, of substantially equal amplitude around an average level of restitution for each pair of neighboring positive and negative alternations, of so that the offset of curves C and A by about half a period makes the positive alternations of one curve coincide with the negative alternations of the other.
  • the exact coincidence is of course advantageous, but extremely satisfactory results from the point of view of equalization are obtained even for approximate coincidences.
  • FIG. 4 constitutes an illustration for demonstrative purpose of the basic principle applied in the equalization method according to the invention.
  • it has been found experimentally that a completely satisfactory equalization is obtained even if the succession of positive and negative alternations of the amplitude / frequency response curves of the transducers is not carried out according to regular periods, or if variations in the amplitude of these alternations are relatively uneven.
  • FIG. 5 Another essential advantage of the invention is shown in FIG. 5, where the response curves B and D corresponding to the amplitude / frequency response for transducers corrected according to known techniques are plotted on a yield diagram with respect to frequency. curve B), and according to the equalization method according to the invention (curve D).
  • curve B the response curves B and D corresponding to the amplitude / frequency response for transducers corrected according to known techniques are plotted on a yield diagram with respect to frequency.
  • curve D the equalization method according to the invention
  • the implementation of the equalization method according to the invention provides an extremely precise method of adjusting the tone, or even the timbre, of the restored sound signals.
  • This extremely advantageous characteristic of the invention adds to the equalization effect.
  • this phenomenon is extremely interesting. Indeed, we know that sound recording techniques (magnetic tape, microgroove disc, laser disc, ...) each have faults, and introduce changes, including changes in tone or timbre of the original signal.
  • the invention therefore provides a means of compensating for these alterations of the recorded signal with respect to the original signal.
  • this compensation means is in the form of a transducer adjustment system, which makes it possible to adapt the same set of transducers to the compensated restitution of signals recorded according to different techniques.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show preferred embodiments, of course not limiting, of sets of electro-acoustic transducers implementing the equalization method according to the invention.
  • transducers of the Helmholtz cavity type each provided with a loudspeaker and a vent.
  • the method according to the invention applies to any type of transducer, provided that the amplitude / frequency response curve which corresponds to it verifies at least partially the two conditions highlighted above.
  • the implementation of the equalization process is obtained by using two Helmholtz cavities 10 and 20, each provided with a loudspeaker 11-21, and a vent 12-22 .
  • the cavities 10-20 are paired so as to present a common side wall 15.
  • the two cavities have identical, or almost identical, characteristics. This means that they each have an amplitude / frequency response curve of substantially identical configuration, in particular from the point of view of the frequency of succession of the irregularities, and of the amplitude of the half-waves.
  • the adjustment of the offset of the response curves allowing the equalization according to the invention is carried out here by adjusting the resonant frequency of the transducers. More precisely, a coarse adjustment is carried out by displacement of the wall 15, and a fine adjustment by displacement of the lower block 16. These displacements are for example carried out by means of threaded rod-nut systems 17, 18; 37, 38 controlled by flywheels 19, 39 mounted on an outer wall of the twin cavities.
  • the modification of the resonant frequency of each of the two paired transducers is carried out by modification of the configuration and of the internal volume of the two cavities 10-20 respectively, from the makes the wall portion 16 move.
  • the effect obtained can be illustrated from Figure 4.
  • the curve A corresponds to the amplitude / frequency response curve of the transducer 1
  • the curve C corresponds to the amplitude / frequency response curve of the second transducer 2.
  • the frequency resonance f2 of transducer 2 is around 40 Hz.
  • the resonance frequency corresponds to a point on the attenuation slope characteristic of any acoustic resonant system (slope of the order of 18 dB per octave) , on the amplitude / frequency response curve.
  • the offset of the curve C with respect to the curve A can then be dosed very precisely, so that the displacement of the point P on the curve d f corresponds to a value of half a period of the alternating irregularities of the curve of reply.
  • FIG. 1 allows adjustment of the equalization by varying the volume of the enclosure, by virtue of the displacement of a portion of the common wall 16.
  • the dimensions of the articulated wall portion 16 are not not a limiting characteristic of the invention, and must be adapted to the characteristics of the transducer, and to the desired adjustment precision. It is in particular possible to provide a system in which the whole of the common wall 15 is articulated.
  • adjustable parameters one can mention the modification of the air flow through the vents 12, 22 of the Helmholtz cavities. This modification of the air flow takes place for example by action on a flap (not shown) more or less completely closing the vent, or by adding a collar of adjustable length or shape.
  • Another technique for adjusting the resonant frequency of at least one of the transducers consists in providing an elastically suspended diaphragm hermetically sealing the vent (of the type of a passive speaker). The adjustment then consists in controlling the resonant frequency of the diaphragm, by acting on its mass, on the elastic return force of the diaphragm, or by any other means.
  • the action on the flow of air through the vent can be considered, in certain applications, as less advantageous than the action on the volume of the cavities: a variation in the volume of the resonant cavity has indeed in general no influence on the efficiency of the transducer, unlike the action techniques on the vent.
  • the two transducers of the same set can perfectly be completely separate from each other, and therefore not have a common wall.
  • FIG. 2 represents a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 1, in which two transducers 3, 4, of the Helmholtz cavity type, are paired by presenting a movable common bottom wall.
  • Each of the transducers is provided with a loudspeaker 31-41, and a vent 32-42.
  • the common movable internal partition 35 is inclined, so as to avoid the unfavorable effects of reflection which would be induced by a straight partition, and would imply the use of a damping technique detrimental to performance.
  • a prototype corresponding to this figure was produced by means of a box, the total interior volume of which (covering the cavities of the transducers 3 and 4) was 80 liters.
  • the two speakers are similar, and had an overall diameter of 190 mm.
  • the nominal surface of each of the vents, 2.5 dm2, is adjusted by a flap.
  • This configuration of implementation of the method of the invention has the advantage of combining the equalization phenomenon already described, with a second phenomenon of controlling the directivity of the acoustic radiation of the system.
  • This directivity control is obtained by supplying the two transducers 3, 4 from the same modulation source, but by actuating them simultaneously in phase shift, preferably in phase opposition.
  • Control of the directivity can then be obtained by acting on one or other of the parameters such as: the value of the phase shift (constant or not as a function of the frequency); the orientation of the emission of each transducer; the intensity and the lobe of their radiation; the distances between transmitters; the range of frequencies concerned; among others.
  • FIG. 2 is extremely advantageous when it is desired to have a possibility of adjusting the equalization of the restored sound signal, combined with a directivity effect, and possibly with a possibility of action. on the tone, all this being possible without affecting the performance of the installation.
  • a completely preferential application of this electro-acoustic transducer system is the high power sound system of congress halls, concert halls, or more generally of any public event.

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zum Korrigieren des Amplituden/Frequenzganges eines elektroakustischen Umsetzungssystems, insbesondere der Bauart, die mindestens aus einem in einem Resonanzkörper (10) montierten Lautsprecher (11) gebildet und am Ausgang mit einer elektrischen Modulationsquelle verbindbar ist, um ein zugeordnetes Tonsignal wiederzugeben,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Wandler (1) gewählt wird, dessen Amplituden/Frequenzgang-Kennlinie (A) im wiedergegebenen Frequenzbereich Unregelmäßigkeiten aufweist, die im wesentlichen in Form einer alternierenden Folge aus maximalen und minimalen Pegeln auftreten, daß mindestens ein weiterer Wandler (2) gewählt wird, dessen Amplituden/Frequenzgang-Kennlinie (C) in ungefähr demselben Frequenzbereich Unregelmäßigkeiten aufweist, die im wesentlichen in Form einer alternierenden Folge aus maximalen und minimalen Pegeln auftreten und zur Kennlinie (A) des ersten Wandlers (1) im wesentlichen komplimentär sind, d.h., im wesentlichen bei den Frequenzen Minima aufweisen, bei denen die Kennlinie des ersten Wandlers Maxima aufweist, und im wesentlichen bei den Frequenzen Maxima aufweisen, bei denen die Kennlinie des ersten Wandlers Minima aufweist,
    und daß dem elektroakustischen Wandler (1) und dem anderen elektroakustischen Wandler (2) in Parallelschaltung dieselbe Modulationsquelle zugeordnet wird, um durch Addition der Tonsignale dieser Wandler ein korrigiertes resultierendes Tonsignal zu bilden, wobei sich die jeder Kennlinie (A, C) eigenen Unregelmäßigkeiten gegenseitig kompensieren.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Auswählen des anderen Wandlers ein Wandler (2) mit einer Amplituden/Frequenzgang-Kennlinie (C) gewählt wird, die im wesentlichen gleich der (A) des ersten Wandlers (1) ist, und die Resonanzfrequenz mindestens eines der beiden Wandler so verändert wird, daß eine Relativverschiebung der beiden Kennlinien (A, C) erzeugt wird, um so die Korrektur durch gegenseitige Kompensation der Unregelmäßigkeiten der Kennlinien (A, C) zu gewährleisten.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Verändern der Resonanzfrequenz mindestens eines der elektroakustischen Wandler (1, 2) mindestens einer der Parameter verändert wird, die durch die Konfiguration und/oder das Volumen der Wandler, den durch mindestens ein im Resonanzkörper (10) des Wandlers vorgesehenes Luftloch (12) hindurchgehenden Luftstrom und durch die Eigenschaften einer im Resonanzkörper angebrachten passiven Membran gegeben sind.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Amplituden/Frequenzgang-Kennlinien (A, C) der Wandler (1, 2) zueinander durch Abgleichen des sich in dem wiedergegebenen Frequenzbereich ergebenden Tonsignals eingestellt werden.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Amplituden/Frequenzgang-Kennlinien (A, C) der Wandler (1, 2) durch Verändern der Tonalität des sich ergebenden Tonsignales relativ zueinander eingestellt werden.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Richtwirkung der Tonausgabe der Wandler (3, 4) verändert wird, indem mindestens einer der Parameter verändert wird, welche durch die Ausstrahlungs-Phasenverschiebung der Wandler (3, 4), die Orientierung ihrer Tonausgabe, die Intensität und die Strahlungskeulen ihrer Ausstrahlung und die Entfernung zwischen den Wandlern bestimmt sind.
  7. Vorrichtung zum elektroakustischen Umsetzen eines korrigierten Amplituden/Frequenzganges mit dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, mit mindestens einem Wandler der Bauart, die von mindestens einem in einem Resonanzkörper (10) montierten Lautsprecher (11) gebildet ist und am Ausgang mit einer elektrischen Modulationsquelle verbindbar ist, um ein zugeordnetes Tonsignal wiederzugeben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wandler im wiedergegebenen Frequenzbereich eine Amplituden/Frequenzgang-Kennlinie (A) mit Unregelmäßigkeiten aufweist, die im wesentlichen in Form einer alternierenden Folge aus maximalen und minimalen Pegeln auftreten, und daß mindestens ein weiterer Wandler vorgesehen ist, dessen Amplituden/Frequenzgang-Kennlinie (C) Unregelmäßigkeiten aufweist, die im wesentlichen in Form einer zu der (A) des ersten Wandlers im wesentlichen komplimentären alternierenden Folge vorliegen, und daß die beiden Wandler in Parallelschaltung derselben Modulationsquelle zugeordnet sind, um durch Addition der Tonsignale dieser Wandler ein korrigiertes, sich ergebendes Tonsignal zu bilden, wobei sich die jeder Kennlinie (A, C) eigenen Unregelmäßigkeiten gegenseitig kompensieren.
  8. Vorrichtung zum Umsetzen nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandler (1, 2) Helmholtz-Hohlraumresonatoren (10, 20) sind, wobei die Hohlraumresonatoren (10, 20) eine gemeinsame Wand (15) aufweisen.
  9. Vorrichtung zum Umsetzen nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Teil der gemeinsamen Wand (15) beweglich ist, um eine Einstellung des inneren Volumens der Hohlräume (10, 20) zu ermöglichen.
  10. Vorrichtung zum Umsetzen nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandler (3, 4) einander gegenüberliegend angebracht sind und daß die gemeinsame Wand (25, 35) die Bodenwand jedes der Wandler (3, 4) bildet.
  11. Vorrichtung zum Umsetzen nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandler (3, 4) von ein und derselben Modulationsquelle gegenphasig gespeist werden.
EP88900235A 1986-12-12 1987-12-11 Verfahren zum korrigieren der amplituden-frequenzcharakteristik einer elektroakustischen wandleranordnung und entsprechende wandlereinrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0335892B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88900235T ATE91838T1 (de) 1986-12-12 1987-12-11 Verfahren zum korrigieren der amplitudenfrequenzcharakteristik einer elektroakustischen wandleranordnung und entsprechende wandlereinrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8617423A FR2608343B1 (fr) 1986-12-12 1986-12-12 Procede d'egalisation de la reponse amplitude/frequence d'un ensemble transducteur electro-acoustique, ensemble transducteur correspondant
FR8617423 1986-12-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0335892A1 EP0335892A1 (de) 1989-10-11
EP0335892B1 true EP0335892B1 (de) 1993-07-21

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EP88900235A Expired - Lifetime EP0335892B1 (de) 1986-12-12 1987-12-11 Verfahren zum korrigieren der amplituden-frequenzcharakteristik einer elektroakustischen wandleranordnung und entsprechende wandlereinrichtung

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP0335892B1 (de)
KR (1) KR890700298A (de)
AT (1) ATE91838T1 (de)
AU (1) AU1051588A (de)
DE (1) DE3786672D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2608343B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1988004513A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2229876B (en) * 1989-02-03 1992-09-16 Andrew Ive Sound reproduction system
AU1366297A (en) 1995-12-22 1997-07-17 A/S Bruel & Kjaer A system and a method for measuring a continuous signal

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2135089B3 (de) * 1971-05-06 1974-04-05 Bouyer Paul
GB1403354A (en) * 1971-05-25 1975-08-28 Gabr S Z M Loudspeaker cabinets
US3845246A (en) * 1973-03-28 1974-10-29 Gte Sylvania Inc Speaker system
US3858679A (en) * 1973-11-15 1975-01-07 Jack Askins Loudspeaker system which produces stereo-like sounds
CH558119A (de) * 1974-02-18 1975-01-15 Lanfranchi Maurice Enceinte munie de haut-parleurs.
FR2304237A1 (fr) * 1975-03-12 1976-10-08 Leon Joseph Emetteur de son
US4064966A (en) * 1976-03-11 1977-12-27 Burton William D Loudspeaker apparatus
FR2418990A1 (fr) * 1978-03-03 1979-09-28 Brothier Laboratoires Emetteur de son utilisant un haut-parleur
US4276446A (en) * 1979-10-05 1981-06-30 Taddeo Anthony R Acoustic transducer system
US4509615A (en) * 1980-02-04 1985-04-09 Hruby John O Multi-chamber enclosure for loudspeakers

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EP0335892A1 (de) 1989-10-11
KR890700298A (ko) 1989-03-11
FR2608343A1 (fr) 1988-06-17
DE3786672D1 (de) 1993-08-26
WO1988004513A1 (fr) 1988-06-16
FR2608343B1 (fr) 1989-06-16
AU1051588A (en) 1988-06-30
ATE91838T1 (de) 1993-08-15

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