Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R3/00—Arrangements of steps or ladders facilitating access to or on the vehicle, e.g. running-boards
  • B60R3/02—Retractable steps or ladders, e.g. movable under shock
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06C—LADDERS
  • E06C5/00—Ladders characterised by being mounted on undercarriages or vehicles Securing ladders on vehicles
  • E06C5/02—Ladders characterised by being mounted on undercarriages or vehicles Securing ladders on vehicles with rigid longitudinal members
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06C—LADDERS
  • E06C9/00—Ladders characterised by being permanently attached to fixed structures, e.g. fire escapes
  • E06C9/02—Ladders characterised by being permanently attached to fixed structures, e.g. fire escapes rigidly mounted

Definitions

• the invention relates to a ladder comprising a frame pivotable between a folded-up inactive position and a folded-down and preferably vertically pendent position, said frame being connected to two or more step members via hinges which, when said frame is folded up, allow said step members to lie substantially parallel to or in the plane of the frame, and which, when said frame is folded down into its pendent position, allow said step members to pivot to a position in which they extend substantially at right angles to said frame.
• Such ladders are suitable for mounting on the drop- sides of platform vehicles, the step members being pi ⁇ voted, via axially spaced-apart hinges, to the inside of the associated dropside, such that, when the dropside has been raised to a position substantially perpendicular to the vehicle platform, said step members are hanging down substantially vertically from the pivot shaft on the inside of the dropside in a position in which they do not appreciably intrude upon the platform cargo space, and, when the dropside has been lowered and is hanging down preferably vertically, extend substantially at right angles from the dropside to facilitate climbing onto the platform.
• Ladders for platform dropsides are disclosed in U.S. patent specification 1,181,367 and GB patent speci ⁇ fication 181,485 and are convenient in that they facili ⁇ tate climbing onto the platform when the associated dropside is lowered/ and also do not intrude on the cargo space defined by all the dropsides.
• a drawback which they have in common is, however, that after lowering of the dropside, the step member must be released by a special manual operation from the position in which it is folded against the dropside.
• the ladder con ⁇ struction of U.S. 1,181,367 comprises a tongue attached to the free outer longitudinal side edge of the dropside and projecting perpendicular thereto.
• the tongue locks the step member in a recess in the dropside and is ex ⁇ tracted when the step member is to be pivoted to its active horizontally extending position.
• pivoting is rendered difficult by the two articulated tie rods at the opposite ends of the step member.
• the step member is kept locked in a recess in the dropside by means of a pivotable board or ruler which must be pivoted by hand from its locking position, before the step member can in turn be pivoted to its active position in which it extends at right angles from the dropside.
• the necessity of special manual release operations of the type described above of course makes folding-out of the step members rather time-consum ⁇ ing and is a source of irritation.
• a further drawback which the two prior art ladder constructions have in common is that they comprise but a single step member or foot plate and therefore are suitable merely for vehicles with comparatively low platforms, i.e. mainly city traffic vehicles having a low-clearance chassis.
• each step member has its centre of gravity outsid an imaginary plane extending through the associated hinges and parallel to the plane of the frame, whereby said step members are automatically and without external action unfolded to the position in which they extend at right angles from the frame, at the latest when the frame has reached its folded-down pendent position.
• inventive ladder is particularly advantageou for mounting on platform dropsides, it can also be used in other contexts, for example in a cassette adapted to be built into a vehicle chassis.
• Figs 1 and 2 are perspective views of the ladder ac ⁇ cording to the invention, as seen from in front and from behind, respectively, and in its active state
• Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the same ladder in its inactive state
• Fig. 4 is a rear end view of part of a platform vehicle provided with a ladder according to the invention
• Fig. 5 is a lateral view of part of the same vehicle provided with said ladder
• Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment illustrating the frame of the ladder and the step members
• Fig. 7 is an end view of the same ladder frame mounted in a cassette, the frame being shown in its folded-down active state
• Fig. 8 is a lateral view of the same ladder construction as shown in Fig. 7, and
• Fig. 9 is a lateral view of the ladder frame retracted into the cassette.
• a ladder according to the invention is generally designated 1 and comprises a frame 2 and, in this case, three step members, 3, 3', 3".
• the frame 2 consists of two spaced-apart cross members 4, 5 in the form of flat iron bars and two spaced-apart side bars 6, 6' interconnected via the cross members and being in the form of L sections whose one flange 7 is aligned with the flat iron elements 4, 5 and whose other flange 8 extends perpendicular to the plane of the flat iron elements.
• Each step member 3, 3 1 , 3" is pivoted to the two L sections 6, 6 ' , in the example shown by a pivot shaft 9 whose two opposite end portions 9', 9" project through holes in the flanges 8 of the side bars 6, 6'.
• a through shaft 9 it is of course possible to connect the step members to the frame by individual hinges, e.g. in the form of short pivot pins positioned along a common geometric pivot axis.
• the individual step member e.g. the member 3"
• the individual step member comprises two spaced-apart side portions 10, 10' in the form of flat iron bars or flat bar-shaped elements which at their free end facing away from the pivot shaft 9 are interconnected by means of two or more, in this case three flat bar elements 11, 11' , 11" which are spaced-apart so as to conveniently let through any dirt and the like adhering to the climber's shoes.
• the step member 3" which in the active position of the ladder is the lowest step member, is considerably deeper than the next step member 3' which, in turn, is deeper than the uppermost step member 3.
• all step members may have a width of 250-350 mm, the depth of the bottom member 3" being 280 mm, the depth of the intermediate member 3' being about 200 mm and that of the top member 3 about 120 mm.
• the distance between the intermediate member 3' and the bottom member 3" preferably equals the distance between the top member 3 and the intermediat member 3'. This distance can in practice be about 300 mm so that the ladder will have a total height of about 600 mm.
• each step member is, at their inner ends, extended in wedge-shape so as to provide a relatively wide or high terminal edge 12 for engagement with the flanges 2 and 7 of the frame.
• these terminal edges 12 constitute abutments which serve to take up any forces acting on the step member during climbing.
• the pivot shaft 9 is posi ⁇ tioned adjacent the upper edge 13 of the side portions 10, 10 ', which means that the centre of gravity of the step member is positioned outside an imaginary plane extending through the pivot shaft and parallel to the plane of the frame.
• Figs 4 and 5 show the ladder mounted on a platform dropside, more precisely a rear dropside 14 of a loading platform 15 of, for example, a personnel carrier generally designated 16.
• Fig. 5 indicates by full lines the rear dropside 14 in its lowered state in which it is hanging from the loading platform, dash-dot lines indicating the drop- side in its raised state in which it extends perpendicular away from the loading platform. In its lowered state, the dropside 14 abuts against a stop member 17 ensuring that the dropside is hanging substantially vertically from the platform.
• the rear dropside 14 may be provided with two ladders 1, one on each side of the platform.
• the ladder 1 is mounted on that side of the rear dropside which forms the inside in the raised position.
• the function of the ladder is obvious; when the dropside is raised, the individual step members 3, 3 1 , 3" are hanging down vertically from the associated pivot shafts in a position adjacent the inside of the rear dropside. In this state, the step members do not intrude on the cargo space as defined by all the platform dropsides.
• the step members When the dropside is then lowered to the position in ⁇ dicated by full lines, the step members are automatically and without external action folded out to the position in which they extend perpendicular away from the dropside as shown in Fig. 5, owing to their free mobility relative to the frame, combined with the fact that the centre of gravity of the step members is positioned outside the plane extending through all the pivot shafts.
• Figs 6-9 in which the ladder unit 1 is connected with a cassette or cassette- shaped unit which in its entirety is designated 18.
• the cross member 19 has, in this case, the shape of a shaft or rod the length of which slightly exceeds the width of the ladder 1 and which extends through holes in the flanges 8 of the frame side bars 6, 6' such that portions of the shaft project from the flanges 8 to form pivot pins 20.
• Each pivot pin 20 engages with an associated guide 21, 21' included in the cassette 18.
• these guides are included in sections, each of which comprises a main web 22 and on one side a projecting upper flange 23 and, on the other side, two flanges 24, 24" extending inwardly towards the centre of the cassette, said flanges being spaced apart and parallel to form an elongate rectilinear groove.
• the two sections are inter ⁇ connected by means of a transverse metal sheet 25 which extends downwardly from the lower side of the cassette and which along its opposite short sides comprises trans ⁇ verse supporting metal sheets 25* whose upper edge is welded to the sections.
• This transverse sheet 25 serves as a support or abutment for the ladder unit 1 in its folded-down state.
• stop members are arranged, in this case in the form of screws 26, 27, the first of which is situated very close to the outer or front end of the cassette and at a given distanc from the supporting sheet 25. More precisely, the distanc between the stop member 26 and the supporting sheet 25 should substantially equal the distance between the rod 19 and the plane in which the flanges 7 of the side bars of the ladder are positioned.
• a rubber loop 28 is attached to cooperate with a hook 29 on the supporting sheet 25 so at to lock the ladder unit 1 in its folded-up or inactive state.
• the above-mentioned cassette 18 may advantageously be mounted at the intended location by means of screws or bolts which are inserted through holes in the flanges 23 and are tightened on, for example, the lower side of a vehicle platform or a loading ramp.
• the ladder construction as described functions in the following way.
• Fig. 9 shows the ladder unit in its inactive position in which it is completely retracted in the cassette 18, i.e. the pivot pins 20 are engaged with the internal stop members 27; the ladder unit is locked in this position by means of the rubber loop 28 connected with the hook 29.
• the step members 3, 3 1 , 3" are automatically folded out to their active position in which they extend at right angles from the frame side bars 6, 6' as shown in Fig. 3.
• the frame is pivoted upwards to a position in which it is slightly inclined upwards relative to the cassette 18, whereby the step members 3, 3', 3" are pivoted by gravity against the flanges 7 of the frame, whereupon the frame is pushed into the cassette while the pivot pins 20 guide the frame along the guides 21, 21' .
• the ladder construction illustrated in Figs 6-9 forms, in its folded state, a most compact unit which is readily mounted at any location, e.g. the loading platform or the frame of a vehicle (which need not be provided with platform dropsides) , the lower side of a loading ramp, a deck or the like.
• Conceivable modifications of the invention Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings.
• the construction of the step members may be varied in many ways. They can, for example, be designed as plates instead of the per se perferred grate structure shown in the drawings.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ladders (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26659596

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

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• 1987
  • 1987-11-17 EP EP19870908000 patent/EP0332646A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1987-11-17 AU AU83381/87A patent/AU8338187A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1987-11-17 WO PCT/SE1987/000537 patent/WO1988003882A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1988
  • 1988-07-20 DK DK406888A patent/DK406888A/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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