EP0330003B1 - Screw extruder - Google Patents

Screw extruder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0330003B1
EP0330003B1 EP89101988A EP89101988A EP0330003B1 EP 0330003 B1 EP0330003 B1 EP 0330003B1 EP 89101988 A EP89101988 A EP 89101988A EP 89101988 A EP89101988 A EP 89101988A EP 0330003 B1 EP0330003 B1 EP 0330003B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw
extruder according
screw extruder
region
polygonal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP89101988A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0330003B2 (en
EP0330003A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Frauscher
Franz Groisböck
Wolfgang Leposa
Manfred Pöcherstorfer
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Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Application filed by Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical Alois Poettinger Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority to AT89101988T priority Critical patent/ATE71018T1/en
Publication of EP0330003A1 publication Critical patent/EP0330003A1/en
Publication of EP0330003B1 publication Critical patent/EP0330003B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
    • B30B11/246—Screw constructions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a screw press with a cantilevered screw that can be driven into a conical press nozzle and is arranged in a screw trough with a feed opening.
  • Screw presses of this type are used to compact goods with a low bulk density or to mix and plasticize substances using a high compression pressure.
  • the object of the invention is to sustainably reduce the removal on the screw using a relatively simple design thereof in a screw press of the type mentioned at the outset and to enable simple replacement of the part of the screw located in the wear zone without disadvantageously shaping the screw winding to change.
  • a securing device is particularly advantageous, which secures the two assembled screw parts against axial glazing, in the former case much greater forces being secured.
  • a particularly simple and effective securing is achieved with the aid of several setscrews which are screwed into the screw part with the polygon bore and are brought into contact with the corresponding flanks of countersunk bores or bores on the polygon pin of the other screw part with generation of a preload.
  • the set screws can be inserted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the screw. If particularly high pre-tensioning forces are to be used, an attachment at an acute angle obliquely to the longitudinal axis in the direction of the pre-tensioning force is particularly advantageous because of the longer available pin length and the stress from shear to pressure load.
  • the setscrews can also be replaced by clamping sleeves that are lined out if a particularly simple construction is necessary.
  • the coupling For the resilience of the coupling, it is favorable to arrange the grub screws in the central area of the polygon surfaces and to separate them particularly advantageously from the transmission surfaces in order to avoid areas of particularly high stress and to increase the permanent resilience of the worm, especially the free end.
  • the design of the second screw part with the free screw end with regard to the flank angle of the conveying flank of the screw flight for the direction of action of the pressing force in the axial direction as possible and the opening angle of the screw flight for the conveyance of the pressed material and the low-loss compression of the same, these two having a flank angle of Define the support flank of the worm gear, which is important for the resilience and stability of the worm.
  • the formation of the area at the free screw end is of particular importance. It is particularly favorable to taper the screw flight and the screw core of the second screw part at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the screw in order to keep the friction work and thus the load on the screw within limits and to smooth the transition between compression and conveyance and advance of the compact shape.
  • the free end of the second screw part is a spherical section which merges into the screw flight and the screw core, the screw is supported so that bending stresses are reduced and at the same time excessive hole formation and inadequate compression of the compact is prevented by the termination of the Press work is done gradually.
  • the dividing surfaces between the first and second screw parts are of particular importance, whereby special forms of training, such as a particularly conical design, offer advantages for the transmission of the pressing forces and for sealing against penetrating substances.
  • the particularly careful finishing of the dividing surfaces is inexpensive, but also reduces bending loads on the first screw part, which is sensitive and made of special material.
  • the establishment of a metered addition of water is of particular advantage because the mixing and pressing process is thereby facilitated and improved, while the water supplied, due to the energy also supplied, essentially evaporates after the compacts emerge from the press.
  • the screw 1 is arranged in a screw trough 2 which has an upper feed opening 3 through which the material to be pressed is fed.
  • the screw 1 is overhung and can be driven in both directions by means of a drive, not shown.
  • the screw 1 conveys the material to be pressed through a conical press nozzle 4, in which it is mixed and compressed, which exits through an outlet opening 5 as a strand between the jaws of a pliers press 34 in the form of compacts 35.
  • the worm 1 consists of a first worm part 13 with a first region 8 of the worm core 7 with a constant diameter and a first section 11 of the worm gear 10 with a large pitch and from a second worm part 14 adjoining it with a second region 9 of the worm core 7 with the free Screw end 6 tapering diameter, which carries a second, tapering section 12 of the screw flight 10, which are detachably connected to each other by means of a surface-supporting coupling 15 with a polygonal profile.
  • the conveyor flanks 16, 17 of the first and second screw parts 13, 14 are flush with one another at the dividing point 20.
  • the conveying flank 17 of the second screw part 14 can be offset in relation to the direction of rotation 18 of the screw 1 by a fraction of the winding thickness 19 of the screw flight 10, but the assignment of the two screw parts 13, 14 is unchangeable.
  • the pressing force is transmitted via a polygon pin 22 and a polygon bore 23, the length of the coupling being determined by the forces that occur.
  • the coupling 15 is provided with a securing device 25 which comprises three setscrews 26 which are screwed into threaded bores 27 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 21 of the screw 1 and with their ends against the facing flank 29 of the counterbore 28 come into contact in a cylindrical rotation 30, 30 'of the polygon pin 22.
  • the position of the setscrews 26 in relation to the polygon profile is at the apex 36 of the polygon surface 40 of the polygon pin 22.
  • the two dividing surfaces 39, 39 'in FIGS. 2 and 3 are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 21 of the screw 1.
  • These dividing surfaces 39, 39 ' can form inclined conical surfaces at a larger transition angle 41, which result in larger coupling surfaces and a more favorable transition between polygon pin 22 and dividing surface 39, 39'.
  • the conical press nozzle 4 extends over the area of the second screw part 14, so that the dividing point 20 is arranged at the end of the first section 11 of the screw flight 10 and the first area 8 of the screw core 7, and the second screw part 14 with the free screw end 6, the polygon pin 22 carries.
  • the conical press nozzle 4 is pulled further back and extends into the area 8 of the screw core 7 with a constant diameter and the first section 11 of the screw flight 10, with a dividing point 20 which is moved further away from the free screw end 6 is, whereby a larger diameter of the screw core 7 is available, so that here the first screw part 13 can carry the polygon pin 22.
  • the cylindrical rotation 30, 30 Depending on the position at the base 31 or at the end 32 of the polygon pin 22, the cylindrical rotation 30, 30 'has a diameter which circumscribes or is inscribed in the polygon profile.
  • the conveying flank 17 of the second screw part 14 has a flank angle 37 of 75 ° approaching 90 °, through which the pressing pressure is directed sufficiently axially.
  • the opening angle 38 between the screw turns of the screw flight 10 is 30 degrees with which the conveying of the pressed material is ensured.
  • the second screw part 14 has a second region 9 of the screw core 7, which tapers towards the free screw end 6 at an angle to the longitudinal axis 21 of the screw 1 of 5 angular degrees, while the second section 12 of the screw flight 10 tapers at an angle of 20 angular degrees tapered towards the free screw end 6.
  • the free screw end 6 is formed by a spherical section 42, the radius of which is large in comparison with the second region 9 of the screw core 7 and which causes the centering and the smooth transition from compression and conveyance to pure conveyance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Screw Conveyors (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Abstract

Screw extruder comprising a screw (1) consisting of two sections (11, 12), the connection of which is provided by a surface-bearing coupling which is held under prestress using a safety device. The second screw part (12) at the free screw end consists of wear- resistant material, in which the dimensions of the screw core, screw thread and of the screw end are in conformity with the requirements of the material to be extruded. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schneckenpresse mit fliegend gelagerter, zur Förderung in eine konische Preßdüse antreibbarer, in einem Schneckentrog mit Speiseöffnung angeordneter Schnecke.The invention relates to a screw press with a cantilevered screw that can be driven into a conical press nozzle and is arranged in a screw trough with a feed opening.

Schneckenpressen dieser Art dienen zum Verdichten von Gütern mit geringem Schüttgewicht oder zum Mischen und Plastifizieren von Stoffen unter Anwendung eines hohen Preßdruckes.Screw presses of this type are used to compact goods with a low bulk density or to mix and plasticize substances using a high compression pressure.

Bei diesen Schneckenpressen treten durch die Art der Inhaltsstoffe, insbesonders stark abtragenden Stoffen, wie beispielsweise Quarz oder Ti02 u.a.m. und infolge der hohen anzuwendenden Preßdrücke sehr hohe Reibungskräfte an der Förderflanke des Schneckenganges auf, die zu sehr rascher Abtragung des Schneckenganges führen, wobei die Zone größten Verschleißes entgegen dem Gutstrom immer neue Bereiche der Schnecke erfaßt, bis der Eintritt der Preßdüse erreicht ist.With these screw presses, due to the nature of the ingredients, particularly abrasive substances such as quartz or Ti02 etc. and due to the high pressures to be applied, very high frictional forces on the conveying flank of the worm gear, which lead to very rapid removal of the worm gear, the zone of greatest wear, contrary to the flow of material, always detecting new areas of the worm until the entry of the press nozzle is reached.

Zur Bewältigung dieses Problems hat man neben den üblichen Maßnahmen der Oberflächenvergütung durch Auftragen von Schichten besonders verschleißfesten Materials auch aufwendigere Methoden vorgeschlagen, indem man die Schnecke in aufeinanderfolgende Segmente aufteilte und diese aus gegossenem Hartstoff herstellte, die auf ein Kernstück aufgeschoben wurden. Der Nachteil dieser Anordnung liegt vor allem darin, daß der Schneckendurchmesser erheblich vergrößert werden mußte, sollte der tragende Kern die erforderliche Belastbarkeit aufweisen. Des weiteren treten bei Schnecken größerer Baulänge Schwierigkeiten auf, die nötigen Vorspannkräfte, die zum Abdichten gegen das Eindringen von Material an den Teilungsstellen erforderlich sind, aufzubringen und überdies ist die Belastungsgrenze bei hohlen Schneckenstücken aus Hartstoff leicht überschritten und führt damit zur Zerstörung der Schnecke und schweren Störungen an der Maschine.To deal with this problem, in addition to the usual measures for surface treatment by applying layers of particularly wear-resistant material, more complex methods have been proposed by dividing the screw into successive segments and producing them from cast hard material, which have been pushed onto a core piece. The main disadvantage of this arrangement is that the screw diameter had to be increased considerably if the load-bearing core had the necessary load capacity. Furthermore, there are difficulties with screws of larger construction length to apply the necessary pretensioning forces, which are necessary for sealing against the penetration of material at the dividing points, and moreover the load limit for hollow screw pieces made of hard material is slightly exceeded and thus leads to the destruction of the screw and heavy ones Machine malfunctions.

Zur Vermeidung dieser Nachteile ist vorgeschlagen worden, bei einer Schnecke eine Teilung anzubringen und die beiden Schneckenteile jeweils mit einer Bohrung mit Gewinde zu versehen und mit einem Gewindebolzen beidseitig zu verschrauben, wobei eine zusätzliche Einstellschraube vorgesehen ist, die sicherstellen soll, daß die Schneckenwindungen der beiden Schneckenteile durchgehend, d.h. ohne hervortretende Stoßstelle, zusammensetzbar sind.To avoid these disadvantages, it has been proposed to provide a division on a screw and to provide the two screw parts each with a threaded bore and screw them with a threaded bolt on both sides, an additional adjusting screw being provided to ensure that the screw turns of the two Snail parts continuously, ie without protruding joint, can be assembled.

Abgesehen davon, daß diese Einrichtung umfangreiche Einstellmaßnahmen erforderlich macht, muß ein genügend großer Schneckenkerndurchmesser zur Verfügung stehen, damit die auftretenden Kräfte übertragen werden können. Diese Querschnitte stehen bei der Anwendung von konischen Preßdüsen wegen des sich gegen das freie Ende der Schnecke zu verringernden Durchmessers des Schneckenkerns regelmäßig nicht zur Verfügung - eine Vergrößerung des Düsendurchmessers hätte eine überproportionale Steigerung der Preßkräfte zur Folge, so daß dadurch das Problem nicht gelöst werden kann.In addition to the fact that this device requires extensive adjustment measures, a sufficiently large screw core diameter must be available so that the forces that occur can be transmitted. These cross-sections are not regularly available when using conical press nozzles because of the diameter of the screw core, which is to be reduced towards the free end of the screw - an increase in the nozzle diameter would result in a disproportionate increase in the pressing forces, so that the problem cannot be solved thereby .

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei einer Schneckenpresse der eingangs genannten Gattung die Abtragung an der Schnecke unter Anwendung einer verhältnismäßig einfachen Gestaltung derselben nachhaltig herabzusetzen und einen einfachen Austausch des in der Verschleißzone liegenden Teiles der Schnecke zu ermöglichen, ohne die genaue Formgebung der Schneckenwindung dadurch nachteilig zu verändern.The object of the invention is to sustainably reduce the removal on the screw using a relatively simple design thereof in a screw press of the type mentioned at the outset and to enable simple replacement of the part of the screw located in the wear zone without disadvantageously shaping the screw winding to change.

Diese Aufgabe wird an einer Schneckenpresse der eingangs genannten Art mit den Mitteln des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved on a screw press of the type mentioned by the means of claim 1.

Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 30 beansprucht.Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are claimed in subclaims 2 to 30.

Die Anwendung einer Preßfläche tragenden Kupplung zwischen den Schneckenteilen in Verbindung mit einer festgelegten Zuordnung der Schneckenteile in Bezug auf ihre Lage in Umlaufrichtung ermöglicht eine sichere Übertragung der großen Kräfte und stellt sicher, daß keine strömungstechnisch ungünstige Übergänge im Teilungsbereich der Schnecke entstehen, die die Abtragung und den Reibungswiderstand erhöhen.The use of a press surface bearing coupling between the screw parts in connection with a fixed assignment of the screw parts in relation to their position in the direction of rotation enables a safe transmission of the large forces and ensures that no fluidically unfavorable transitions occur in the division area of the screw, which the removal and increase the frictional resistance.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Anwendung eines Polygonprofiles, das die Anwendung genügend großer Flächen für die Kupplung gestattet.It is particularly advantageous to use a polygon profile that allows the use of sufficiently large areas for the coupling.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, die Teilung entweder am Übergang zwischen dem Schneckenteil mit konstantem Kerndurchmesser und demjenigen mit sich verringerndem Durchmesser oder am Übergang zwischen hoher und niedriger Steigung des Schneckenganges anzuordnen oder beide Übergänge in eine senkrechte Teilungsebene zusammenfallen zu lassen ; die niedrige Steigung des Schneckenganges im Bereich des freien Schneckenendes, das innerhalb der konischen Preßdüse angeordnet ist, ermöglicht die Übertragung der notwendigen Kraft für die dort ablaufenden Misch-und Verdichtungsvorgänge. Von diesem Teilungsbereich bis zum freien Ende der Schnecke steigen die auf die Schnecke einwirkenden Kräfte außerordentlich stark an. Es ist dies der Bereich der konischen Preßdüse in dem das Gut stark gemacht und verdichtet oder sogar plastifiziert wird.It is particularly advantageous to arrange the division either at the transition between the screw part with a constant core diameter and that with a decreasing diameter or at the transition between the high and low pitch of the screw flight, or to let both transitions coincide in a vertical division plane; The low pitch of the screw flight in the area of the free screw end, which is arranged within the conical press nozzle, enables the transfer of the necessary force for the mixing and compacting processes taking place there. From this division to the free end of the screw, the forces acting on the screw increase extremely. This is the area of the conical press nozzle in which the material is made strong and compressed or even plasticized.

Bei Bearbeitung von Preßgütern, bei denen die Fließfähigkeit am Ende der konsichen Preßdüse nicht immer ausreicht, oder wenn Fremdkörper durch ihre Lage besonders große Widerstandsfähigkeit erzeugen, ist es besonders wichtig, die Schnecke entgegengesetzt zur Umlaufrichtung für die Förderung in die konische Preßdüse, also zur Förderung von dieser in Richtung auf die Speiseöffnung hin zumindest kurzzeitig anzutreiben.When processing pressed goods, where the flowability at the end of the consecutive press nozzle is not always sufficient, or if foreign bodies create particularly high resistance due to their position, it is particularly important to reverse the screw for the conveyance into the conical press nozzle, i.e. for conveying to drive at least briefly in the direction of the feed opening.

Bei der Bearbeitung von Preßgütern, bei denen Material flüssig oder feinteilig in Spalten eindringen kann, müssen im Teilungsbereich der Schnecke aneinanderstoßende Flächen besonders sorgfältig bearbeitet und gegeneinandervorgespannt sein. In beiden Fällen ist eine Sicherungsvorrichtung von besonderem Vorteil, welche die beiden zusammengesetzten Schneckenteile gegen axiale Verscheibung sichert, wobei im ersteren Fall wesentlich größere Kräfte abzusichern sind.When processing pressed goods, in which material can penetrate into gaps in liquid or fine particles, the abutting surfaces in the division area of the screw must be processed with particular care and prestressed against each other. In both cases, a securing device is particularly advantageous, which secures the two assembled screw parts against axial glazing, in the former case much greater forces being secured.

Eine besonders einfache und wirksame Sicherung ergibt sich mit Hilfe mehrerer Gewindestifte, die im Schneckenteil mit der Polygonbohrung eingeschraubt sind und gegen die entsprechenden Flanken von Senkbohrungen oder Ausdrehungen am Polygonzapfen des anderen Schneckenteiles unter Erzeugung einer Vorspannung zur Anlage gebracht sind.A particularly simple and effective securing is achieved with the aid of several setscrews which are screwed into the screw part with the polygon bore and are brought into contact with the corresponding flanks of countersunk bores or bores on the polygon pin of the other screw part with generation of a preload.

Dabei können die Gewindestifte senkrecht zur Längsachse der Schnecke eingesetzt sein. Sind besonders hohe Vospannkräfte anzuwenden, so ist eine Anbringung unter einem spitzen Winkel schräg zur Längsachse in Richtung der vorspannkraft wegen der längeren zur Verfügung stehenden Stiftlänge und der Beanspruchung von Scher- auf Druckbelastung, von besonderem Vorteil.The set screws can be inserted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the screw. If particularly high pre-tensioning forces are to be used, an attachment at an acute angle obliquely to the longitudinal axis in the direction of the pre-tensioning force is particularly advantageous because of the longer available pin length and the stress from shear to pressure load.

Die Gewindestifte können auch durch Spannhülsen die ausgefüttert werden, ersetzt sein, wenn eine besonders einfache Bauweise notwendig ist.The setscrews can also be replaced by clamping sleeves that are lined out if a particularly simple construction is necessary.

Für die Belastbarkeit der Kupplung ist es günstig, die Gewindestifte im mittleren Bereich der Polygonflächen anzuordnen und besonders vorteilhaft diese von den Übertragungsflächen örtlich zu trennen, um Bereiche besonders hoher Belastung zu vermeiden und die Dauerbelastbarkeit der Schnecke, besonders des freien Endes, zu vergrößern.For the resilience of the coupling, it is favorable to arrange the grub screws in the central area of the polygon surfaces and to separate them particularly advantageously from the transmission surfaces in order to avoid areas of particularly high stress and to increase the permanent resilience of the worm, especially the free end.

Besonders vorteilhaft hat sich die Anwendung von Sonderwerkstoff erwiesen, durch den sehr hohe Standfestigkeit des freien Schneckenendes erzielbar ist, während der weniger belastete Schneckenteil aus einem einfacher herstellbaren, billigeren Material hergestellt werden kann.The use of special material has proven to be particularly advantageous, as a result of which the free end of the screw can have a very high level of stability, while the less stressed screw part can be produced from a more easily produced, cheaper material.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Gestaltung des zweiten Schneckenteiles mit dem freien Schneckenende hinsichtlich des Flankenwinkels der Förderflanke des Schneckenganges für die Wirkungsrichtung der Preßkraft in möglichst axialer Richtung und des Öffnungswinkels des Schneckenganges fürdie Förderung des Preßgutes und die verlustarme Verdichtung desselben, wobei diese beiden einen Flankenwinkel der Stütz flanke des Schneckenganges definieren, der für die Belastbarkeit und Standfestigkeit der Schnecke von Wichtigkeit ist.Of particular importance is the design of the second screw part with the free screw end with regard to the flank angle of the conveying flank of the screw flight for the direction of action of the pressing force in the axial direction as possible and the opening angle of the screw flight for the conveyance of the pressed material and the low-loss compression of the same, these two having a flank angle of Define the support flank of the worm gear, which is important for the resilience and stability of the worm.

Bei festem, wenig oder nicht flüssigem Preßgut, wie z.B. vorzerkleinertem Abfallpapier ist die Ausbildung des Bereiches am freien Schneckenende von besonderer Bedeutung. Dabei ist es besonders günstig den Schneckengang und den Schneckenkern des zweiten Schneckenteiles in einem Winkel zur Längsachse der Schnecke verjüngt auszubilden, um die Reibungsarbeit und damit die Belastung der Schnecke in Grenzen zu halten und um den Übergang zwischen Verdichtung und Förderung und Vorschub des Preßlings gleichmäßiger zu gestalten.For solid, little or not liquid pressed material, e.g. Pre-shredded waste paper, the formation of the area at the free screw end is of particular importance. It is particularly favorable to taper the screw flight and the screw core of the second screw part at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the screw in order to keep the friction work and thus the load on the screw within limits and to smooth the transition between compression and conveyance and advance of the compact shape.

Durch die Gestaltung des freien Endes des zweiten Schneckenteiles als Kugelabschnitt, der in den Schneckengang und den Schneckenkern übergeht, wird eine Stützung der Schnecke erreicht, so daß Biegebelastungen vermindert sind und gleichzeitig wird eine übermäßige Lochbildung und mangelhafte Verdichtung beim Preßling verhindert, indem die Beendigung der Preßarbeit allmählich erfolgt.By designing the free end of the second screw part as a spherical section which merges into the screw flight and the screw core, the screw is supported so that bending stresses are reduced and at the same time excessive hole formation and inadequate compression of the compact is prevented by the termination of the Press work is done gradually.

In Bezug auf die Abmessungen von Schneckenkern und Kugelabschnitt sind bestimmte Verhältnisse für einwandfreie Preßarbeit und störungsfreien Betrieb besonders günstig.With regard to the dimensions of the screw core and ball section, certain conditions are particularly favorable for perfect pressing work and trouble-free operation.

Besondere Bedeutung kommt den Teilungsflächen zwischen erstem und zweiten Schneckenteil zu, wobei besondere Ausbildungsformen, wie besonders kegelige Gestaltung Vorteile für die Übertragung der Preßkräfte und für die Abdichtung gegen eindringende Stoffe bieten. Die besonders sorgfältige Feinbearbeitung der Teilungsflächen ist dabei günstig, vermindert aber auch Biegebelastungen des diesbezüglich empfindlichen, aus Sonderwerkstoff bestehenden, ersten Schneckenteiles.The dividing surfaces between the first and second screw parts are of particular importance, whereby special forms of training, such as a particularly conical design, offer advantages for the transmission of the pressing forces and for sealing against penetrating substances. The particularly careful finishing of the dividing surfaces is inexpensive, but also reduces bending loads on the first screw part, which is sensitive and made of special material.

Die Herstellung eines Korrosionsschutzüberzuges auf dem ersten Schneckenteil, dessen Material weniger korrosionsfest ist als das des zweiten Schneckenteiles, der der hohen Pressung standhält, ist für die Standfestigkeit der Schnecke in geteilter Ausführung von großer Bedeutung.The production of a corrosion protection coating on the first screw part, the material of which is less corrosion-resistant than that of the second screw part, which withstands the high pressure, is of great importance for the stability of the screw in a split version.

Für die einwandfreie Herstellung von Preßlingen aus festem, vorzerkleinerten Material wie insbesonders Abfallpapier, ist es wichtig das freie Ende der Schnecke an das Ende der Verdichtungsstrecke in der konischen Preßdüse zu verlegen, damit der Preßvorgang ein genügend vergleichmäßigtes Preßmaterial ergibt. Für dieses Material ist eine oben liegende Speiseöffnung genügender Größe besonders vorteilhaft.For the perfect production of compacts from solid, pre-shredded material such as waste paper in particular, it is important to move the free end of the screw to the end of the compression section in the conical press nozzle so that the pressing process results in a sufficiently uniform press material. For this material, an above-sized feed opening of sufficient size is particularly advantageous.

Für die Verarbeitung von vorzerkleinertem Abfallpapier ist die Einrichtung einer dosierten Wasserzugabe von besonderem Vorteil, weil dadurch der Misch-und Preßvorgang erleichtert un verbessert wird, während das zugeführte Wasser infolge der ebenfalls zugeführten Energie nach austritt der Preßlinge aus der Presse im wesentlichen ausdampft.For the processing of pre-shredded waste paper, the establishment of a metered addition of water is of particular advantage because the mixing and pressing process is thereby facilitated and improved, while the water supplied, due to the energy also supplied, essentially evaporates after the compacts emerge from the press.

Die Erfindung wird an Hand der Zeichnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform beschrieben.The invention is described with reference to the drawing of an embodiment according to the invention.

Es zeigt :

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Schneckenpresse als Brikettiermaschine,
  • Fig. 2 den vorderen Teil einer Schnecke mit deren geteiltem Aufbau, teilweise im Schnitt,
  • Fig. 3 den vorderen Teil einer Schnecke mit einem abgeänderten Aufbau der Teilung, teilweise im Schnitt und
  • Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch die Schnecke im Bereich der Teilung nach I-II.
It shows :
  • 1 is a schematic side view of a screw press as a briquetting machine,
  • 2 the front part of a snail with its divided structure, partly in section,
  • Fig. 3 shows the front part of a snail with a modified structure of the division, partly in section and
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross section through the screw in the area of the division according to I-II.

Bei einer Schneckenpresse ist die Schnecke 1 in einem Schneckentrog 2 angeordnet, der eine obere Speiseöffnung 3 aufweist, durch die das Preßgut zugeführt wird.In a screw press, the screw 1 is arranged in a screw trough 2 which has an upper feed opening 3 through which the material to be pressed is fed.

Die Schnecke 1 ist fliegend gelagert und mittels eines nicht dargestellten Antriebes in beiden Umlaufrichtungen antreibbar.The screw 1 is overhung and can be driven in both directions by means of a drive, not shown.

Die Schnecke 1 fördert das Preßgut durch eine konische Preßdüse 4, in der dieses gemischt und verdichtet wird, das durch eine Austrittsöffnung 5 als Strang zwischen die Backen einer Zangenpresse 34 aus dieser in Form von Preßlingen 35 austritt.The screw 1 conveys the material to be pressed through a conical press nozzle 4, in which it is mixed and compressed, which exits through an outlet opening 5 as a strand between the jaws of a pliers press 34 in the form of compacts 35.

Die Schnecke 1 besteht aus einem ersten Schneckenteil 13 mit einem ersten Bereich 8 des Schneckenkerns 7 mit gleichbleibendem Durchmesser und einem ersten Abschnitt 11 des Schneckenganges 10 mit großer Steigung und aus einem daran anschließenden zweiten Schneckenteil 14 mit einem zweiten Bereich 9 des Schneckenkerns 7 mit zum freien Schneckenende 6 hin sich verjüngendem Durchmesser, der einen zweiten, sich verjüngenden Abschnitt 12 des Schneckenganges 10 trägt, die miteinander mittels einer flächentragenden Kupplung 15 mit Polygonprofil lösbar verbunden sind. Die Förderflanken 16, 17 des ersten und des zweiten Schneckenteiles 13, 14 schließen an der Teilungsstelle 20 bündig aneinander an.The worm 1 consists of a first worm part 13 with a first region 8 of the worm core 7 with a constant diameter and a first section 11 of the worm gear 10 with a large pitch and from a second worm part 14 adjoining it with a second region 9 of the worm core 7 with the free Screw end 6 tapering diameter, which carries a second, tapering section 12 of the screw flight 10, which are detachably connected to each other by means of a surface-supporting coupling 15 with a polygonal profile. The conveyor flanks 16, 17 of the first and second screw parts 13, 14 are flush with one another at the dividing point 20.

Die Förderflanke 17 des zweiten Schneckenteiles 14 kann in Bezug auf die Umlaufrichtung 18 der Schnecke 1 um einen Bruchteil der Windungsstärke 19 des Schneckenganges 10 nacheilend versetzt sein, doch ist die Zuordnung der beiden Schneckenteile 13, 14 unveränderlich.The conveying flank 17 of the second screw part 14 can be offset in relation to the direction of rotation 18 of the screw 1 by a fraction of the winding thickness 19 of the screw flight 10, but the assignment of the two screw parts 13, 14 is unchangeable.

Die Übertragung der Preßkraft erfolgt über einen Polygonzapfen 22 und eine Polygonbohrung 23, wobei die Länge der Kupplung von den auftretenden Kräften bestimmt ist.The pressing force is transmitted via a polygon pin 22 and a polygon bore 23, the length of the coupling being determined by the forces that occur.

Zur Herstellung eines Anspreßdruckes zwischen den Teilungsflächen 39, 39' der Schneckenteile 13, 14 an der Teilungsstelle 20 und zum Schutz gegen Herausziehen beim Rücklauf der Schnecke 1 in einer Umlaufrichtung 24, bei der die Förderung von der konischen Preßdüse 4 weg und zur Speiseöffnung 3 hin gerichtet ist - wenn Verstopfungen beseitigt werden sollen - ist die Kupplung 15 mit einer Sicherungsvrorichtung 25 versehen, die drei Gewindestifte 26 umfaßt, die senkrecht zur Längsachse 21 der Schnecke 1 in Gewindebohrungen 27 eingeschraubt sind und mit ihrem Ende jeweils gegen die zugewandte Flanke 29 der Senkbohrung 28 in einr zylindrischen Andrehung 30, 30' des Polygonzapfens 22 zur Anlage kommen. Die Lage der Gewindestifte 26 in Bezug auf das Polygonprofil ist dabei im Scheitelpunkt 36 der Polygonfläche 40 des Polygonzapfens 22.To produce a contact pressure between the dividing surfaces 39, 39 'of the screw parts 13, 14 at the dividing point 20 and to protect them from being pulled out when the screw 1 returns in a circumferential direction 24, in which the conveyance away from the conical press nozzle 4 and towards the feed opening 3 is directed - if blockages are to be removed - the coupling 15 is provided with a securing device 25 which comprises three setscrews 26 which are screwed into threaded bores 27 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 21 of the screw 1 and with their ends against the facing flank 29 of the counterbore 28 come into contact in a cylindrical rotation 30, 30 'of the polygon pin 22. The position of the setscrews 26 in relation to the polygon profile is at the apex 36 of the polygon surface 40 of the polygon pin 22.

Die beiden Teilungsflächen 39, 39' sind in Fig. 2 und 3 senkrecht zur Längsachse 21 der Schnecke 1 verlaufend.The two dividing surfaces 39, 39 'in FIGS. 2 and 3 are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 21 of the screw 1.

Diese Teilungsflächen 39, 39' können unter einem größeren Übergangswinkel 41 geneigte Kegelflächen bilden, die größere Kupplungsflächen und einen günstigeren Übergang zwischen Polygonzapfen 22 und Teilungsfläche 39, 39' ergeben.These dividing surfaces 39, 39 'can form inclined conical surfaces at a larger transition angle 41, which result in larger coupling surfaces and a more favorable transition between polygon pin 22 and dividing surface 39, 39'.

Bei der in Fig.2 dargestellten Ausführungsform reicht die konische Preßdüse 4 über den Bereich des zweiten Schneckenteiles 14, so daß die Teilungsstelle 20 am Ende des ersten Abschnittes 11 des Schneckenganges 10 und des ersten Bereiches 8 des Schneckenkerns 7 angeordnet ist und der zweite Schneckenteil 14 mit dem freien Schneckenende 6, den Polygonzapfen 22 trägt.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the conical press nozzle 4 extends over the area of the second screw part 14, so that the dividing point 20 is arranged at the end of the first section 11 of the screw flight 10 and the first area 8 of the screw core 7, and the second screw part 14 with the free screw end 6, the polygon pin 22 carries.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 ist die konische Preßdüse 4 weiter nach hinten gezogen und reicht in den Bereich 8 des Schneckenkerns 7 mit gleichbleibendem Durchmesser und des ersten Abschnittes 11 des Schneckenganges 10, mit einer Teilungsstelle 20, die weiter vom freien Schneckenende 6 weg verlegt ist, wodurch ein größerer Durchmesser des Schneckenkerns 7 zur Verfügung steht, so daß hier der erste Schneckenteil 13 den Polygonzapfen 22 tragen kann.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the conical press nozzle 4 is pulled further back and extends into the area 8 of the screw core 7 with a constant diameter and the first section 11 of the screw flight 10, with a dividing point 20 which is moved further away from the free screw end 6 is, whereby a larger diameter of the screw core 7 is available, so that here the first screw part 13 can carry the polygon pin 22.

Die zylindrische Andrehung 30, 30' weist je nach der Lage am Grund 31 oder am Ende 32 des Polygonzapfens 22 einen Durchmesser auf, der das Polygonprofil umschreibt oder diesem eingeschrieben ist.Depending on the position at the base 31 or at the end 32 of the polygon pin 22, the cylindrical rotation 30, 30 'has a diameter which circumscribes or is inscribed in the polygon profile.

Die Förderflanke 17 des zweiten Schneckenteiles 14 weist einen in der Wirkung an 90° herankommenden Flankenwinkel 37 von 75° auf, durch den der Preßdruck hinreichend axial gerichtet ist.The conveying flank 17 of the second screw part 14 has a flank angle 37 of 75 ° approaching 90 °, through which the pressing pressure is directed sufficiently axially.

Der Öffnungswinkel 38 zwischen den Schneckenwindungen des Schneckenganges 10 beträgt dabei 30 Winkelgrad, mit dem die Förderung des Preßgutes sichergestellt ist.The opening angle 38 between the screw turns of the screw flight 10 is 30 degrees with which the conveying of the pressed material is ensured.

Der zweite Schneckenteii 14 weist einen zweiten Bereich 9 des Schneckenkerns 7 auf, der sich zum freien Schneckenende 6 hin mit einem Winkel zur Längsachse 21 der Schnecke 1 von 5 Winkelgraden verjüngt, während der zweite Abschnitt 12 des Schneckenganges 10 sich mit einem Winkel von 20 Winkelgraden gegen das freie Schneckenende 6 hin verjüngt.The second screw part 14 has a second region 9 of the screw core 7, which tapers towards the free screw end 6 at an angle to the longitudinal axis 21 of the screw 1 of 5 angular degrees, while the second section 12 of the screw flight 10 tapers at an angle of 20 angular degrees tapered towards the free screw end 6.

Das freie Schneckenende 6 ist von einem Kugelabschnitt 42 gebildet, dessen Halbmesser groß im Vergleich zum zweiten Bereich 9 des Schneckenkerns 7 ist und der die Zentrierung und den gleitenden Übergang von Verdichtung und Förderung in reine Förderung bewirkt.The free screw end 6 is formed by a spherical section 42, the radius of which is large in comparison with the second region 9 of the screw core 7 and which causes the centering and the smooth transition from compression and conveyance to pure conveyance.

Mit Vergrößerung des Öffnungswinkels 38 zwischen den Schneckenwindungen wird die Stützflanke 44 flacher gelegt und dadurch eine Verstärkung des Schneckenganges 10 erzielt.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 With an increase in the opening angle 38 between the screw turns, the support flank 44 is flattened, thereby strengthening the screw flight 10.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Claims (30)

1. A screw extruder comprising an overhung screw drivable for conveyance into a conical extrusion die and arranged in a screw trough having a feed opening, adjoining which screwtrough is an extrusion die tapering towards at least one outlet opening, said screw comprising a first region of the screw core having a substantially constant diameter and an adjoining second region with a core diameter narrowing towards the free screw end and the part of the screw provided with at least one screw thread and extending towards the free end comprising at least two successive sections with different screw windings, of which the second section arranged towards the free screw end has a smaller pitch than the first section arranged behind and the screw being enclosed at least in the second section by the conical extrusion die and being formed by two screw parts, of which the second screw part arranged towards the free end of the screw is connected with the first screw part by means of a coupling transmitting the generated torque, characterised in that the coupling is designed as a coupling (15) transmitting forces over a large surface area, in which the second screw part (14) and the first screw part (13) are disposed in a fixed arrangement relative to one another, so that the conveying flank (17) of the screw windings of the second screw part (14) adjoins the conveying flank (16) of the screw windings of the first screw part (13) in precise flush fashion, or in relation to the rotation of the screw (1) in the direction of rotation (18) is offset so as to lag behind by a small degree in relation to the winding thickness (19) of the screw thread (10), preferably by a tenth, and once formed, the relative arrangement is unchangeable.
2. A screw extruder according to claim 1, characterised in that the coupling (15) comprises a polygonal profile.
3. A screw extruder according to claim 2, characterised in that the polygonal profile is formed over an axial extension of the coupling (15) at least corresponding to the greatest diameter of the screw core (7).
4. A screw extruder according to claim 1, characterised in that the screw (1) is divided between the second screw part (14) and the first screw part (13) at the transition between the first region (8) of the screw core (7) with the constant diameter and the second region (9) of the screw core (7) with the tapering diameter.
5. A screw extruder according to claim 1, characterised in that the screw (1) is divided between the second screw part (14) and the first screw part (13) at the transition between the first section (11) of the screw thread (10) with the larger pitch and the second section (12) of the screw thread (10) with the smaller pitch.
6. A screw extruder according to claim 5 and 6, characterised in that the transitions between the first region (8) and the second region (9) of the screw core (7) and the first section (11) and the second section (12) of the screw thread (10) essentially coincide with the dividing site (20) of the screw (1).
7. A screw extruder according to claim 6, characterised in that the dividing site (20) forms a plane extending vertical to the longitudinal axis (21) of the screw (1).
8. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the coupling (15) with the polygonal profile is formed from the polygonal journal (22) on the second screw part (14) and the polygonal bore (23) in the first screw part (13), when no more than the second region (9) of the screw core (7) with the tapering diameter and/or the second section (12) of the screw thread (10) is enclosed by the conical extrusion die (4).
9. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the coupling (15) with the polygonal profile is formed from the polygonal journal (22) on the first screw part (13) and the polygonal bore (23) in the second screw part (14), when in addition to the second region (9) of the screw core (7) and/or the second section (12) of the screw thread (10), part of the first region (8) of the screw core (7) and/or of the first section (11) of the screw thread (10) is enclosed by the conical extrusion die (4).
10. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the screw (1) is designed so that, in addition to the direction of rotation (18), it can also be driven at least temporarily in the opposite direction of rotation (24), during which time the conveyance is effected away from the conical extrusion die (4) towards the feed opening (3).
11. A screw extruder according to claim 10, characterised in that the screw (1) is provided in the region of the coupling (15) with a safety device (25), which secures the first screw part (13) and the second screw part (14) against axial displacement.
12. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the safety device (25) comprises at least one, preferably more and in particular three threaded pin(s) (26), which is (are) inserted in (a) threaded bore(s) (27) in the part of the screw (1) comprising the polygonal bore (23).
13. A screw extruder according to claim 12, characterised in that the safety device (25) engages with each threaded pin (26) in a counterbore (28) or an internal turn of the polygonal journal (22), the threaded pin (26) coming to rest with its end face against the facing flank (29) of the counterbore (28) or internal turn, thereby exerting a pretensioning force acting between the screw parts (13, 14).
14. A screw extruder according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the threaded pins (26) are arranged on the circumference of the screw core (7) in such a manner that, viewed in the cross section of the screw (1), they are arranged in the central region, preferably in the apex (36), of the polygonal surface (40).
15. A screw extruder according to one or more of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the threaded pins (26) are screwed in vertical to the longitudinal axis (21) of the screw (1).
16. A screw extruder according to claim 15, characterised in that the threaded pins (26) are screwed in at an acute angle in the direction of the pretensioning force inclined relative to the longitudinal axis (21) of the screw (1).
17. A screw extruder according to claims 12 to 16, characterised in that the threaded pins (26) are replaced by clamping sleeves.
18. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the safety device (25) is arranged on a cylindrical internal turn (30, 30') at the base (31) or end (32) of the polygonal journal (22) and accordingly comprises a circumference circumscribing the polygonal cross section or inscribed therein.
19. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second screw part (14) is manufactured from particularly wear-resistant material necessarily having a reduced loading capacity, preferably hot isostatically pressed steel having a high contentof finely distributed vanadium carbides, or a material having similar properties, and is preferably manufactured from a forged blank.
20. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the conveying flank (17) of the second screw part (14) has a flank angle (37) of between 60 and 90°, which is preferably closer to 90° and can be 75°.
21. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that an angle of opening (34) is formed between successive windings of the screw thread (10) of between 15 and 45°, preferably 30°.
22. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that, at least in the region of the free screw end (6), the second screw part (14) has a tapering of the screw thread (10) forming an angle with the longitudinal axis (21) of the screw (1) of between 15 and 30°, preferably 20°, measured at a tangent to the screw thread (10).
23. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that, at least in the region of the free screw end (6), the second screw part (14) has a tapering of the screw core (7) forming an angle with the longitudinal axis (21) of the screw (1) of between 2 and 10°, preferably 5°, measured at a generatrix (43) of the screw core (7).
24. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second screw part (14) ends at its free screw end (6) with a shape corresponding to a body of revolution having a constant curvature with its apex in the longitudinal axis (21) of the screw and which preferably forms a spherical segment (42), whose radius forms a ratio with the screw core diameter at the free screw end (6) of between 1: 0.3 and 1 : 0.4, preferably 1 : 0.5.
25. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the dividing surfaces (39, 39') of the screw parts (13, 14) are designed to extend at an angle to the longitudinal axis (21) of the screw (1) deviating from a right angle, so that a transition angle (41) greater than 90° is formed between the dividing surfaces and the polygonal surface (40) of the polygonal journal (22) at the base of said journal, the dividing surfaces (39, 39') having a conical or spherical shape or forming surfaces of a higher order.
26. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the dividing surfaces (39, 39') of the screw parts (13, 14) are finely ground at the dividing site (20) of the screw (1).
27. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the dividing surface (39) of the first screw part (13) of the screw (1), and the surface of the polygonal bore (23) and preferably the outer surface of the first screw part (13), at least in the region in which it is acted upon by extrusion material, is provided with a coating protecting against corrosion, which withstands the occuring pressing forces at the dividing surface (39) and is preferably obtained by gas nitration of the first screw part (13).
28. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second screw part (14) with the screw end (33) ends essentially at the site of the conical extrusion die (4) where the latter's tapering, i.e. having the smallest diameter, ceases.
29. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the screw (1) is acted upon by extrusion material from a feed opening (3) arranged at the top and preferably essentially covers the first screw part (13).
30. A screw extruder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that, for manufacturing briquettes (35) from pre-pulverized waste paper, the screw (1) is provided in the region of the conical extrusion die (4) with a device for the addition of water during the mixing and compression process.
EP89101988A 1988-02-26 1989-02-04 Screw extruder Expired - Lifetime EP0330003B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89101988T ATE71018T1 (en) 1988-02-26 1989-02-04 SCREW PRESS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3806146A DE3806146A1 (en) 1988-02-26 1988-02-26 SCREW PRESS
DE3806146 1988-02-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0330003A1 EP0330003A1 (en) 1989-08-30
EP0330003B1 true EP0330003B1 (en) 1992-01-02
EP0330003B2 EP0330003B2 (en) 1995-11-08

Family

ID=6348280

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89101988A Expired - Lifetime EP0330003B2 (en) 1988-02-26 1989-02-04 Screw extruder

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0330003B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE71018T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3806146A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4011250A1 (en) * 1990-04-06 1991-10-10 Poettinger Alois Landmasch SCREW PRESS
DE4040696A1 (en) * 1990-12-19 1992-06-25 Frey Heinrich Maschinenbau FILLING MACHINE FOR LARGE-PIECE MEAT PARTS
DE10044776A1 (en) * 2000-09-09 2002-04-04 Wolfgang Richter Two-part press screw
DE102008021935B4 (en) * 2008-05-02 2024-08-14 Werkstoff + Funktion Grimmel Wassertechnik Gmbh Screw press
AT521577B1 (en) * 2018-08-31 2020-07-15 Andritz Ag Maschf STUD SNAIL
DE102021103824A1 (en) 2021-02-18 2022-08-18 Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau Gmbh Conveying device for a pressing device and pressing device

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US731735A (en) * 1902-02-24 1903-06-23 Valerius D Anderson Press.
US767737A (en) * 1903-11-30 1904-08-16 American Clay Working Machinery Company Machine for making hollow blocks.
GB310680A (en) * 1928-05-23 1929-05-02 Percy Vavasseur Appleby Improvements in or relating to feed or pressure worms, applicable for use in oil-pressing apparatus or the like
DE1502337A1 (en) * 1965-03-13 1969-03-06 Werner & Pfleiderer Process for manufacturing screw elements for screw presses
SE403309B (en) * 1976-09-07 1979-01-29 Reinhall P G SCREW PRESS, AS A SCREW FEEDER FOR LIGNOCELLULOSE FIBER MATERIAL OR OTHER COMPRESSIVE MATERIAL IN PIECE SHAPE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58900644D1 (en) 1992-02-13
DE3806146A1 (en) 1989-09-07
EP0330003B2 (en) 1995-11-08
ATE71018T1 (en) 1992-01-15
EP0330003A1 (en) 1989-08-30

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