EP0328951A1 - X-ray tube - Google Patents

X-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0328951A1
EP0328951A1 EP89101820A EP89101820A EP0328951A1 EP 0328951 A1 EP0328951 A1 EP 0328951A1 EP 89101820 A EP89101820 A EP 89101820A EP 89101820 A EP89101820 A EP 89101820A EP 0328951 A1 EP0328951 A1 EP 0328951A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat absorption
rotating anode
absorption body
ray tube
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89101820A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0328951B1 (en
Inventor
Herbert Dipl.-Ing. Bittl (Fh)
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0328951A1 publication Critical patent/EP0328951A1/en
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Publication of EP0328951B1 publication Critical patent/EP0328951B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/12—Cooling
    • H01J2235/1225—Cooling characterised by method
    • H01J2235/1262—Circulating fluids
    • H01J2235/1266—Circulating fluids flow being via moving conduit or shaft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an x-ray tube with a fixed cathode and a rotating anode, which are arranged in an evacuated housing, with an axis connected to the housing, on which the rotating anode is rotatably arranged with the aid of bearings, and with a heat absorption body connected to the housing.
  • the rotating anode is designed as a hollow body, in the interior of which the heat absorption body engages, and the heat absorption body is subjected to a cooling medium for removing the heat transferred from the wall of the interior of the rotating anode by radiation to the outer surface of the heat absorption body opposite the wall of the interior.
  • the heat loss that occurs when X-rays are generated on the rotating anode is only partially released to the environment by radiation via the housing. A substantial part of the heat loss is transferred to the heat absorption body by radiation and dissipated from it by means of the cooling medium. This leads to a higher thermal load capacity of the rotating anode, since a larger amount of heat can be dissipated from it per unit of time.
  • An X-ray tube of the type mentioned is known from DE-0S 34 29 799.
  • the heat absorption body is attached to a shaft connected to the housing, the central axis of which is aligned with that of the axis on which the rotating anode is mounted.
  • the heat absorption body then engages from one end of the rotating anode into its interior.
  • the rotating anode thereof can only be mounted overhung; both bearings are thus on the side of the rotating anode facing away from the heat absorption body.
  • Such a storage leaves something to be desired in terms of its rigidity.
  • the invention has for its object to design an X-ray tube of the type mentioned so that a rigid mounting of the rotating anode is ensured and the manufacturing cost of the X-ray tube is low.
  • the heat absorption body is acted upon by the cooling medium, by having an on and an off from a channel running in the axis Flow opening is traversed, in which the cooling medium flows, there is in addition to a good dissipation of the heat absorbed by the heat absorption body, the advantage that an effective dissipation of the heat that reaches the bearings from the rotating anode by heat conduction is guaranteed.
  • the heat dissipation can be further improved if, according to a variant of the invention, the channel runs in the heat absorption body close to its outer surface.
  • embodiments of the invention provide that the channel branches into several partial channels in the area of the heat absorption body and that the wall of the interior of the rotating anode and / or the outer surface of the heat absorption body is blackened.
  • the channel for the cooling medium can be produced in a particularly simple manner if, according to a variant of the invention, the inlet opening of the channel is located at one end of the axis and the outlet opening at the other end.
  • Another variant of the invention provides that the X-ray tube is arranged in a protective housing filled with an electrically insulating liquid and the liquid in the protective housing flows through the channel as a cooling medium. In this way, e.g. with the help of a pump, a coolant flow can be generated through the channel with little effort.
  • one embodiment of the invention provides that the rotating anode has at its opposite ends a sleeve made of a material with a low thermal conductivity, in the bore of which the respective bearing is received.
  • a sleeve can form the stator of an electric motor that drives the rotating anode.
  • the X-ray tube according to the invention has a fixed cathode 1 and a rotating anode, designated overall by 2, which are arranged in an evacuated housing 3, which in turn is in a container with an electrically insulating liquid, e.g. Insulating oil, filled protective housing 4 is added.
  • a fixed axis 5 is connected to the housing 3, on which the rotating anode 2 is rotatably supported by means of two roller bearings 6, 7.
  • the rotating anode 2 is designed as a rotationally symmetrical hollow body.
  • the rotating anode 2 has a frustoconical section 8, at the smaller end of which a radially inwardly directed flange 9 is integrally connected.
  • a tubular part 10 adjoins the larger end of the frustoconical section 8, to which an annular disk 12 is fastened with its outer edge by means of schematically indicated screws 11.
  • the frustoconical section 8 of the rotating anode 2 is provided with a layer 13 made of a tungsten-rhenium alloy, onto which an electron beam 14 emanating from the cathode 1 is incident to produce an X-ray beam emerging through a radiation exit window 4a provided in the protective housing 4, of which only an X-ray 15 is shown.
  • a fixed, rotationally symmetrical heat absorption body 16 Arranged in the interior of the rotating anode 2 is a fixed, rotationally symmetrical heat absorption body 16 connected to the housing 3, on the outer surface 17 of which a large part of the heat loss generated by the generation of the X-ray beam is radiated from the wall 18 of the interior of the rotating anode 2.
  • the heat absorption body 16 is connected to the housing 3 in that it is attached to the axis 5.
  • the Axis 5 extends through the housing 3 and is connected at its ends in a vacuum-tight manner.
  • the rotating anode 2 is mounted on the axle 5 at one end by means of the roller bearing 6 and at its other end by means of the roller bearing 7.
  • a channel 19 runs in the axis 5, in which a cooling medium flows in order to dissipate the heat transferred from the rotating anode 2 to the heat absorption body 16.
  • the channel 19 branches in the area of the heat absorption body 16 into a plurality of subchannels, of which two, namely the subchannels 19a and 19b, are visible in FIG.
  • the channel 19 is closed in the region of the heat absorption body 16 by a stopper, so that the cooling medium flows through openings of the wall of the axis 5 arranged in the flow direction in front of the stopper into the subchannels 19a and 19b and by further flow downstream of the stopper in the wall of the stopper Axis 5 located Tiffept enters the portion of the channel 19 located behind the plug.
  • the heat transfer by radiation from the rotating anode 2 to the heat absorption body 16 is supported in that the wall 18 of the interior of the rotating anode 2 and the outer surface of the heat absorption body 16 are each provided with a layer of a suitable black material indicated by the reference numerals 17a and 18a.
  • the inflow opening 20 of the channel is at one end and the outflow opening 21 is at the other end of the axis 5.
  • the cooling medium flows in the channel 19 in the protective housing 4 liquid.
  • the required liquid flow is generated by means of a schematically indicated pump 22, which draws in liquid via a line 23, which takes its exit in the area of the outflow opening 21, and via a line 24, one connected to the protective housing 4 and into the inflow opening 20 of the channel 19 projecting pipe socket 25 is supplied.
  • a cooler 26 is connected into the liquid circuit in front of the pump 22. If a cooler is not required, the cooling circuit can also take place within the protective housing 4 in a manner not shown.
  • a pump is then provided in the interior of the protective housing 4, which feeds the liquid in the protective housing to the inflow opening 20 of the channel 19 in order to generate a liquid flow. No lines running outside the protective housing 4 are then required.
  • the rotating anode is at its opposite ends, i.e. on the flange 9 and on the disk 12, each provided with a sleeve 27 or 28, which is formed from a material with a low thermal conductivity and accommodates the respective roller bearing 6 or 7 in its bore.
  • the heat absorption body 16 and the axis 5, unlike in the figure, can be formed as composite components made of several materials with good thermal conductivity.
  • measures can be taken which make the heat transfer between the sleeves 27, 28 and the outer rings of the roller bearings 6, 7 mounted in these sleeves 27, 28 more difficult.
  • the outer rings of the roller bearings 6, 7 can e.g. only touch the holes in the sleeves 27, 28 in a punctiform manner.
  • the structure of the rotating anode 2 shown in the figure is only to be understood as an example. It is only essential that the rotating anode 2 is designed as a hollow body, in the interior of which the heat absorption body 16 can be arranged and acted upon by the cooling medium. As a result of the formation of the rotating anode 2 as a hollow body, this has a low moment of inertia, so that the rotating anode 2 has a short run-up time.
  • the housing 3 consists of two metallic housing parts 31 and 32 which are connected to one another by welding.
  • the housing part 31 is of a pot-shaped configuration and has a tubular extension 31a, the outer wall of which is surrounded by the stator 29, while the sleeve 28 forming the rotor with the coating 30 is located inside the tubular extension 31a.
  • the tubular extension 31a is provided at its free end with a bottom 31b which has a bore into which the axis 5 engages at one end.
  • the axis 5 is welded to the bottom 31b of the tubular extension 31a.
  • the other end of the axis 5 engages in a bore in the housing part 32 and is also fastened there by welding.
  • a tubular insulator 33 which receives the cathode 1, is attached laterally to the housing part 31.
  • the insulator 33 is connected to the housing part 31 with the interposition of a suitably shaped metal ring 34 by welding.
  • the housing part 32 is provided with a radiation exit window 32a made of a suitable material, e.g. Beryllium provided, which is arranged opposite the radiation exit window 4a of the protective housing 4.
  • a radiation exit window 32a made of a suitable material, e.g. Beryllium provided, which is arranged opposite the radiation exit window 4a of the protective housing 4.
  • a generator device 35 shown schematically, is provided for supplying power to the X-ray tube.
  • This contains a heating voltage source 36 for the heating voltage required for the cathode 1.
  • the generator device 35 also contains a high-voltage source 37, which emits the high voltage required for generating x-rays, which is present between the rotating anode 2 and the cathode 1. It also includes the genes Rator device 35, a voltage source 38 which outputs the operating voltage required for the electric motor 29 and 28 or 30 provided for driving the rotating anode 2.
  • the lines leading from the generator device 35 to the individual elements of the x-ray tube are indicated schematically in the figure.
  • the rotating anode 2 and the one connection of the stator 29 are at a common potential, namely ground potential. Since no insulation measures have been taken between the rotating anode 2 and the housing, all components of the X-ray tube are therefore at earth potential 39.
  • the X-ray tube is therefore of single-pole design. Among other things, this offers the advantage that no insulators are required between the stator 29 of the electric motor provided for driving the rotating anode 2 and the housing 3.
  • the stator 29 can thus be placed directly on the tubular extension 31a of the housing part 31, as shown in the figure.
  • the electric motor provided for driving the rotating anode 2 thus has a very small air gap, whereby the advantage of a very good grip and thus a short ramp-up time of the electric motor or the rotating anode 2 is achieved.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an X-ray tube, having a fixed cathode (1) and a rotating anode (2) which are arranged in an evacuated housing (3), having a shaft (5), connected to the housing (3), on which the rotating anode (2) is arranged such that it can rotate with the aid of bearings (6, 7), and having a heat absorption body (16), connected to the housing (3), the rotating anode (2) being designed as a hollow body into whose internal space the heat absorption body (16) engages and the heat absorption body (16) having a cooling medium applied to it for dissipating the heat transmitted from the wall (18) of the internal space of the rotating anode (2) by radiation onto the jacket surface (17) of the heat absorption body (16) located opposite the wall (18) of the internal space. It is provided here that the heat absorption body (16) is fitted on the shaft (5), that the shaft (5) extends through the housing (3) and that the rotating anode (2) is supported on the shaft (5) at its mutually opposite ends, by means of in each case one bearing (6, 7). …<IMAGE>…

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Röntgenröhre mit einer feststehen­den Kathode und einer Drehanode, welche in einem evakuierten Gehäuse angeordnet sind, mit einer mit dem Gehäuse verbundenen Achse, auf der die Drehanode mit Hilfe von Lagern drehbar ange­ordnet ist, und mit einem mit dem Gehäuse verbundenen Wärmeab­sorptionskörper, wobei die Drehanode als Hohlkörper ausgeführt ist, in dessen Innenraum der Wärmeabsorptionskörper eingreift, und der Wärmeabsorptionskörper von einem Kühlmedium zur Abfuhr der von der Wand des Innenraumes der Drehanode durch Strahlung auf die der Wand des Innenraumes gegenüberliegende Mantelfläche des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers übertragenen Wärme beansprucht ist.The invention relates to an x-ray tube with a fixed cathode and a rotating anode, which are arranged in an evacuated housing, with an axis connected to the housing, on which the rotating anode is rotatably arranged with the aid of bearings, and with a heat absorption body connected to the housing. wherein the rotating anode is designed as a hollow body, in the interior of which the heat absorption body engages, and the heat absorption body is subjected to a cooling medium for removing the heat transferred from the wall of the interior of the rotating anode by radiation to the outer surface of the heat absorption body opposite the wall of the interior.

Bei derartigen Röntgenröhren wird die bei der Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung auf der Drehanode anfallende Verlustwärme nur zum Teil durch Strahlung über das Gehäuse an die Umgebung abge­geben. Ein wesentlicher Teil der Verlustwärme wird durch Strah­lung auf den Wärmeabsorptionskörper übertragen und von diesem mittels des Kühlmediums abgeführt. Dies führt zu einer höheren thermischen Belastbarkeit der Drehanode, da von dieser pro Zeiteinheit eine größere Wärmemenge abgeführt werden kann.In the case of such X-ray tubes, the heat loss that occurs when X-rays are generated on the rotating anode is only partially released to the environment by radiation via the housing. A substantial part of the heat loss is transferred to the heat absorption body by radiation and dissipated from it by means of the cooling medium. This leads to a higher thermal load capacity of the rotating anode, since a larger amount of heat can be dissipated from it per unit of time.

Eine Röntgenröhre der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der DE-0S 34 29 799 bekannt. Dabei ist der Wärmeabsorptionskörper an einem mit dem Gehäuse verbundenen Schaft angebracht, dessen Mittelachse mit der der Achse, auf der die Drehanode gelagert ist, fluchtet. Der Wärmeabsorptionskörper greift dann von der einen Stirnseite der Drehanode her in deren Innenraum ein. In­folge der beschriebenen Ausbildung der bekannten Röntgenröhre kann deren Drehanode nur fliegend gelagert sein; beide Lager befinden sich also auf der von dem Wärmeabsorptionskörper ab­gewandten Seite der Drehanode. Eine solche Lagerung läßt aber hinsichtlich ihrer Steifigkeit zu wünschen übrig.An X-ray tube of the type mentioned is known from DE-0S 34 29 799. The heat absorption body is attached to a shaft connected to the housing, the central axis of which is aligned with that of the axis on which the rotating anode is mounted. The heat absorption body then engages from one end of the rotating anode into its interior. As a result of the described design of the known x-ray tube, the rotating anode thereof can only be mounted overhung; both bearings are thus on the side of the rotating anode facing away from the heat absorption body. Such a storage leaves something to be desired in terms of its rigidity.

Um eine möglichst gute Wärmeabfuhr von der Drehanode auf den Wärmeabsorptionskörper zu ermöglichen, ist es bei der bekannten Röntgenröhre erforderlich, daß sich die Wand des Innenraumes der Drehanode und die Mantelfläche des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers in einem möglichst geringen Abstand voneinander befinden. Dies bedingt, daß bei der Herstellung der bekannten Röntgenröhre ein erheblicher Aufwand getrieben werden muß, um sicherzustellen, daß die Mittelachsen des Schaftes und des Wärmeabsorptionskör­pers exakt mit der der Achse fluchten, da andernfalls die Ge­fahr besteht, daß die Wand des Innenraumes der Drehanode den Wärmeabsorptionskörper streift.In order to enable the best possible heat dissipation from the rotating anode to the heat absorption body, it is necessary in the known X-ray tube that the wall of the interior of the rotating anode and the outer surface of the heat absorption body are at the smallest possible distance from one another. This means that a considerable effort must be made in the manufacture of the known X-ray tube in order to ensure that the central axes of the shaft and the heat absorption body are exactly aligned with that of the axis, since otherwise there is a risk that the wall of the interior of the rotating anode will cause the heat absorption body grazes.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Röntgenröhre der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß eine steife Lagerung der Drehanode gewährleistet und der Herstellungsaufwand der Röntgenröhre gering ist.The invention has for its object to design an X-ray tube of the type mentioned so that a rigid mounting of the rotating anode is ensured and the manufacturing cost of the X-ray tube is low.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß der Wärmeabsorptionskörper an der Achse angebracht ist, daß die Achse sich durch das Gehäuse hindurch erstreckt, und daß die Drehanode an ihren einander gegenüberliegenden Enden mittels jeweils eines Lagers auf der Achse gelagert ist. Es wird somit deutlich, daß im Falle der erfindungsgemäßen Röntgenröhre die Wand des Innenraumes der Drehanode äußerst dicht bei der Man­telfläche des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers angeordnet werden kann, ohne daß dazu ein besonderer Herstellungsaufwand getrieben wer­den muß, da der Wärmeabsorptionskörper an der Achse, auf der auch die Drehanode gelagert ist, angebracht ist. Außerdem er­gibt sich eine starre Lagerung der Drehanode, da diese im Falle der Erfindung an ihren einander gegenüberliegenden Enden auf der Achse gelagert ist, die sich im Falle der Erfindung - der Wärmeabsorptionskörper ist an der Achse angebracht - durch das Gehäuse hindurch erstreckt.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the heat absorption body is attached to the axle, that the axle extends through the housing, and that the rotating anode is supported on its opposite ends by means of a respective bearing on the axle. It is thus clear that, in the case of the X-ray tube according to the invention, the wall of the interior of the rotating anode can be arranged extremely close to the outer surface of the heat absorption body without having to make a special manufacturing effort because the heat absorption body on the axis on which the rotating anode is located is stored, is attached. In addition, there is a rigid mounting of the rotary anode, since in the case of the invention it is mounted at its opposite ends on the axis, which in the case of the invention - the heat absorption body is attached to the axis - extends through the housing.

Wenn gemäß einer Variante der Erfindung der Wärmeabsorptions­körper von dem Kühlmedium beaufschlagt ist, indem er von einem in der Achse verlaufenden Kanal mit einer Ein- und einer Aus­ strömöffnung durchzogen ist, in dem das Kühlmedium strömt, er­gibt sich neben einer guten Abfuhr der von dem Wärmeabsorp­tionskörper aufgenommenen Wärme der Vorteil, daß auch eine wirksame Ableitung der Wärme, die von der Drehanode durch Wär­meleitung zu deren Lagern gelangt, gewährleistet ist.If, according to a variant of the invention, the heat absorption body is acted upon by the cooling medium, by having an on and an off from a channel running in the axis Flow opening is traversed, in which the cooling medium flows, there is in addition to a good dissipation of the heat absorbed by the heat absorption body, the advantage that an effective dissipation of the heat that reaches the bearings from the rotating anode by heat conduction is guaranteed.

Die Wärmeabfuhr kann weiter verbessert werden, wenn der Kanal nach einer Variante der Erfindung in dem Wärmeabsorptionskörper nahe bei dessen Mantelfläche verläuft. Um eine nochmalige Ver­besserung der Wärmeabfuhr zu erzielen, sehen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung vor, daß sich der Kanal im Bereich des Wärmeab­sorptionskörpers in mehrere Teilkanäle verzweigt und daß die Wand des Innenraumes der Drehanode und/oder die Mantelfläche des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers geschwärzt ist.The heat dissipation can be further improved if, according to a variant of the invention, the channel runs in the heat absorption body close to its outer surface. In order to achieve a further improvement in the heat dissipation, embodiments of the invention provide that the channel branches into several partial channels in the area of the heat absorption body and that the wall of the interior of the rotating anode and / or the outer surface of the heat absorption body is blackened.

Der Kanal für das Kühlmedium kann dann auf besonders einfache Weise hergestellt werden, wenn sich nach einer Variante der Er­findung die Einströmöffnung des Kanales an dem einen Ende der Achse und die Ausströmöffnung an deren anderem Ende befindet.The channel for the cooling medium can be produced in a particularly simple manner if, according to a variant of the invention, the inlet opening of the channel is located at one end of the axis and the outlet opening at the other end.

Eine weitere Variante der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Röntgen­röhre in einem mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Flüssigkeit gefüllten Schutzgehäuse angeordnet ist und die in dem Schutz­gehäuse befindliche Flüssigkeit als Kühlmedium durch den Kanal strömt. Auf diese Weise kann, z.B. unter Zuhilfenahme einer Pumpe, mit geringem Aufwand ein Kühlmittelstrom durch den Kanal erzeugt werden.Another variant of the invention provides that the X-ray tube is arranged in a protective housing filled with an electrically insulating liquid and the liquid in the protective housing flows through the channel as a cooling medium. In this way, e.g. with the help of a pump, a coolant flow can be generated through the channel with little effort.

Um sicherzustellen, daß die Lager der Drehanode thermisch mög­lichst gering belastet sind, sieht eine Ausführungsform der Er­findung vor, daß die Drehanode an ihren einander gegenüberlie­genden Enden jeweils eine Hülse aus einem Werkstoff mit einem geringen Wärmeleitwert aufweist, in deren Bohrung das jeweilige Lager aufgenommen ist. Dabei kann eine Hülse den Stator eines zum Antrieb der Drehanode dienenden Elektromotors bilden.In order to ensure that the bearings of the rotating anode are subjected to as little thermal stress as possible, one embodiment of the invention provides that the rotating anode has at its opposite ends a sleeve made of a material with a low thermal conductivity, in the bore of which the respective bearing is received. A sleeve can form the stator of an electric motor that drives the rotating anode.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der einzigen Fig. der beigefügten Zeichnung im Längsschnitt schematisch darge­stellt.An embodiment of the invention is in the single Fig. the accompanying drawing schematically shown in longitudinal section.

Die erfindungsgemäße Röntgenröhre weist eine feststehende Ka­thode 1 und eine insgesamt mit 2 bezeichnete Drehanode auf, die in einem evakuierten Gehäuse 3 angeordnet sind, das seinerseits in einem mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Flüssigkeit, z.B. Isolieröl, gefüllten Schutzgehäuse 4 aufgenommen ist. Mit dem Gehäuse 3 ist eine feststehende Achse 5 verbunden, auf der die Drehanode 2 mit Hilfe von zwei Wälzlagern 6, 7 drehbar gelagert ist.The X-ray tube according to the invention has a fixed cathode 1 and a rotating anode, designated overall by 2, which are arranged in an evacuated housing 3, which in turn is in a container with an electrically insulating liquid, e.g. Insulating oil, filled protective housing 4 is added. A fixed axis 5 is connected to the housing 3, on which the rotating anode 2 is rotatably supported by means of two roller bearings 6, 7.

Wie aus der Fig. ersichtlich ist, ist die Drehanode 2 als rota­tionssymmetrischer Hohlkörper ausgeführt. Im einzelnen weist die Drehanode 2 einen kegelstumpfförmigen Abschnitt 8 auf, an dessen kleineres Ende sich ein radial nach innen gerichteter Flansch 9 einstückig anschließt. An das größere Ende des kegel­stumpfförmigen Abschnittes 8 schließt sich ein Rohrteil 10 ein­stückig an, an dem mit Hilfe von schematisch angedeuteten Schrauben 11 eine kreisringförmige Scheibe 12 mit ihrem äußeren Rand befestigt ist. Der kegelstumpfförmige Abschnitt 8 der Drehanode 2 ist mit einer Schicht 13 aus einer Wolfram-Rhenium-­Legierung versehen, auf die ein von der Kathode 1 ausgehender Elektronenstrahl 14 zur Erzeugung eines durch ein in dem Schutzgehäuse 4 vorgesehenen Strahlenaustrittsfenster 4a aus­tretenden Röntgenstrahlenbündels auftrifft, von dem nur ein Röntgenstrahl 15 dargestellt ist.As can be seen from the figure, the rotating anode 2 is designed as a rotationally symmetrical hollow body. In particular, the rotating anode 2 has a frustoconical section 8, at the smaller end of which a radially inwardly directed flange 9 is integrally connected. A tubular part 10 adjoins the larger end of the frustoconical section 8, to which an annular disk 12 is fastened with its outer edge by means of schematically indicated screws 11. The frustoconical section 8 of the rotating anode 2 is provided with a layer 13 made of a tungsten-rhenium alloy, onto which an electron beam 14 emanating from the cathode 1 is incident to produce an X-ray beam emerging through a radiation exit window 4a provided in the protective housing 4, of which only an X-ray 15 is shown.

Im Innenraum der Drehanode 2 ist ein mit dem Gehäuse 3 verbun­dener, feststehender, rotationssymmetrischer Warmeabsorptions­körper 16 angeordnet, auf dessen Mantelfläche 17 ein großer Teil der von der bei der Erzeugung des Röntgenstrahlenbündels anfallenden Verlustwärme von der Wand 18 des Innenraumes der Drehanode 2 abgestrahlt wird.Arranged in the interior of the rotating anode 2 is a fixed, rotationally symmetrical heat absorption body 16 connected to the housing 3, on the outer surface 17 of which a large part of the heat loss generated by the generation of the X-ray beam is radiated from the wall 18 of the interior of the rotating anode 2.

Im einzelnen ist der Wärmeabsorptionskörper 16 dadurch mit dem Gehäuse 3 verbunden, daß er an der Achse 5 angebracht ist. Die Achse 5 erstreckt sich durch das Gehäuse 3 hindurch und ist an ihren Enden vakuumdicht mit diesem verbunden. Dabei ist die Drehanode 2 an ihrem einen Ende mittels des Wälzlagers 6 und an ihrem anderen Ende mittels des Wälzlagers 7 auf der Achse 5 ge­lagert. In der Achse 5 verläuft ein Kanal 19, in dem ein Kühl­medium zur Abfuhr der von der Drehanode 2 auf den Wärmeabsorp­tionskörper 16 übertragenen Wärme strömt. Der Kanal 19 ver­zweigt sich im Bereich des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers 16 in mehre­re Teilkanäle, von denen in der Fig. zwei, nämlich die Teil­kanäle 19a und 19b, sichtbar sind. Diese verlaufen in dem Wär­meabsorptionskörper 16 nahe bei dessen Mantelfläche 17, so daß eine wirksame Wärmeabfuhr mittels des Kühlmediums gewährleistet ist. Der Kanal 19 ist im Bereich des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers 16 durch einen Stopfen verschlossen, so daß das Kühlmedium durch in Strömungsrichtung vor dem Stopfen angeordnete Öffnungen der Wandung der Achse 5 in die Teilkanäle 19a und 19b einströmt und durch weitere in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Stopfen in der Wandung der Achse 5 befindliche tiffnungen wieder in den hinter dem Stopfen befindlichen Abschnitt des Kanales 19 eintritt.In particular, the heat absorption body 16 is connected to the housing 3 in that it is attached to the axis 5. The Axis 5 extends through the housing 3 and is connected at its ends in a vacuum-tight manner. The rotating anode 2 is mounted on the axle 5 at one end by means of the roller bearing 6 and at its other end by means of the roller bearing 7. A channel 19 runs in the axis 5, in which a cooling medium flows in order to dissipate the heat transferred from the rotating anode 2 to the heat absorption body 16. The channel 19 branches in the area of the heat absorption body 16 into a plurality of subchannels, of which two, namely the subchannels 19a and 19b, are visible in FIG. These run in the heat absorption body 16 close to its outer surface 17, so that effective heat dissipation is ensured by means of the cooling medium. The channel 19 is closed in the region of the heat absorption body 16 by a stopper, so that the cooling medium flows through openings of the wall of the axis 5 arranged in the flow direction in front of the stopper into the subchannels 19a and 19b and by further flow downstream of the stopper in the wall of the stopper Axis 5 located Tiffungen enters the portion of the channel 19 located behind the plug.

Der Wärmeübergang durch Strahlung von der Drehanode 2 auf den Wärmeabsorptionskörper 16 wird dadurch unterstützt, daß die Wand 18 des Innenraumes der Drehanode 2 und die Mantelfläche des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers 16 jeweils mit einer durch die Be­zugszeichen 17a und 18a angedeuteten Schicht eines geeigneten schwarzen Werkstoffes versehen sind.The heat transfer by radiation from the rotating anode 2 to the heat absorption body 16 is supported in that the wall 18 of the interior of the rotating anode 2 and the outer surface of the heat absorption body 16 are each provided with a layer of a suitable black material indicated by the reference numerals 17a and 18a.

Wie aus der Fig. anhand der die Strömungsrichtung im Kanal 19 angebenden Pfeile erkennbar ist, befindet sich die Einströmöff­nung 20 des Kanales an dem einen und die Ausströmöffnung 21 an dem anderen Ende der Achse 5. Als Kühlmedium strömt in dem Ka­nal 19 die in dem Schutzgehäuse 4 befindliche Flüssigkeit. Der erforderliche Flüssigkeitsstrom wird mittels einer schematisch angedeuteten Pumpe 22 erzeugt, die über eine Leitung 23, die ihren Ausgang im Bereich der Ausströmöffnung 21 nimmt, Flüssig­keit angesaugt und über eine Leitung 24 einem mit dem Schutzge­häuse 4 verbundenen und in die Einströmöffnung 20 des Kanales 19 ragenden Rohrstutzen 25 zugeführt wird. Dabei ist vor der Pumpe 22 ein Kühler 26 in den Flüssigkeitskreislauf geschaltet. Sofern ein Kühler nicht erforderlich ist, kann der Kühlkreis­lauf auch in nicht dargestellter Weise innerhalb des Schutzge­häuses 4 erfolgen. Es ist dann eine Pumpe im Innenraum des Schutzgehäuses 4 vorgesehen, die zur Erzeugung eines Flüssig­keitsstromes die in dem Schutzgehäuse befindliche Flüssigkeit der Einströmöffnung 20 des Kanales 19 zuführt. Es sind dann keine außerhalb des Schutzgehäuses 4 verlaufenden Leitungen erforderlich.As can be seen from the figure on the basis of the arrows indicating the direction of flow in the channel 19, the inflow opening 20 of the channel is at one end and the outflow opening 21 is at the other end of the axis 5. The cooling medium flows in the channel 19 in the protective housing 4 liquid. The required liquid flow is generated by means of a schematically indicated pump 22, which draws in liquid via a line 23, which takes its exit in the area of the outflow opening 21, and via a line 24, one connected to the protective housing 4 and into the inflow opening 20 of the channel 19 projecting pipe socket 25 is supplied. In this case, a cooler 26 is connected into the liquid circuit in front of the pump 22. If a cooler is not required, the cooling circuit can also take place within the protective housing 4 in a manner not shown. A pump is then provided in the interior of the protective housing 4, which feeds the liquid in the protective housing to the inflow opening 20 of the channel 19 in order to generate a liquid flow. No lines running outside the protective housing 4 are then required.

Die Drehanode ist an ihren einander gegenüberliegenden Enden, d.h. an dem Flansch 9 und an der Scheibe 12, jeweils mit einer Hülse 27 bzw. 28 versehen, die aus einem Werkstoff mit einem geringen Wärmeleitwert gebildet ist und in ihrer Bohrung das jeweilige Wälzlager 6 bzw. 7 aufnimmt. Dabei bildet die Hülse 28 als Rotor gemeinsam mit einem außerhalb des Gehäuses 3 ange­ordneten Stator 29 einen Elektromotor zum Antrieb der Drehanode 2. Sofern der Werkstoff der Hülse 28 nicht die zur Bildung ei­nes Rotors erforderlichen elektrischen Eigenschaften aufweist, kann ein geeigneter Belag, der in der Fig. mit 30 bezeichnet ist, auf der Hülse 28 angebracht sein.The rotating anode is at its opposite ends, i.e. on the flange 9 and on the disk 12, each provided with a sleeve 27 or 28, which is formed from a material with a low thermal conductivity and accommodates the respective roller bearing 6 or 7 in its bore. The sleeve 28, as a rotor, together with a stator 29 arranged outside the housing 3, forms an electric motor for driving the rotating anode 2. If the material of the sleeve 28 does not have the electrical properties required to form a rotor, a suitable coating, which is provided in the 30 is attached to the sleeve 28.

Der Wärmeabsorptionskörper 16 und die Achse 5 können übrigens, anders als in der Fig. dargestellt, als Verbundbauteile aus mehreren gut wärmeleitenden Materialien gebildet sein. Außerdem können Maßnahmen getroffen sein, die den Wärmeübergang zwischen den Hülsen 27, 28 und den Außenringen der in diesen Hülsen 27, 28 angebrachten Wälzlager 6, 7 erschweren. So können die Außen­ringe der Wälzlager 6, 7 z.B. nur punktförmig an den Bohrungen der Hülsen 27, 28 anliegen.Incidentally, the heat absorption body 16 and the axis 5, unlike in the figure, can be formed as composite components made of several materials with good thermal conductivity. In addition, measures can be taken which make the heat transfer between the sleeves 27, 28 and the outer rings of the roller bearings 6, 7 mounted in these sleeves 27, 28 more difficult. The outer rings of the roller bearings 6, 7 can e.g. only touch the holes in the sleeves 27, 28 in a punctiform manner.

Der in der Fig. dargestellte Aufbau der Drehanode 2 ist nur beispielhaft zu verstehen. Wesentlich ist nur, daß die Dreh­anode 2 als Hohlkörper ausgeführt ist, in dessen Innenraum der Wärmeabsorptionskörper 16 angeordnet und von dem Kühlmedium be­aufschlagt werden kann. Infolge der Ausbildung der Drehanode 2 als Hohlkörper weist diese ein geringes Trägheitsmoment auf, so daß sich eine kurze Hochlaufzeit der Drehanode 2 ergibt.The structure of the rotating anode 2 shown in the figure is only to be understood as an example. It is only essential that the rotating anode 2 is designed as a hollow body, in the interior of which the heat absorption body 16 can be arranged and acted upon by the cooling medium. As a result of the formation of the rotating anode 2 as a hollow body, this has a low moment of inertia, so that the rotating anode 2 has a short run-up time.

Wie aus der Fig. ersichtlich ist, besteht das Gehäuse 3 aus zwei metallischen Gehäuseteilen 31 und 32, die durch Schweißen miteinander verbunden sind. Im einzelnen ist das Gehäuseteil 31 von topfförmiger Gestalt und weist einen rohrförmigen Ansatz 31a auf, dessen Außenwand von dem Stator 29 umgeben ist, wäh­rend sich die den Rotor bildende Hülse 28 mit dem Belag 30 im Inneren des rohrförmigen Ansatzes 31a befindet. Der rohrförmige Ansatz 31a ist an seinem freien Ende mit einem Boden 31b ver­sehen, der eine Bohrung aufweist, in die die Achse 5 mit ihrem einen Ende eingreift. Die Achse 5 ist durch eine Schweißung mit dem Boden 31b des rohrförmigen Ansatzes 31a verbunden.As can be seen from the figure, the housing 3 consists of two metallic housing parts 31 and 32 which are connected to one another by welding. In particular, the housing part 31 is of a pot-shaped configuration and has a tubular extension 31a, the outer wall of which is surrounded by the stator 29, while the sleeve 28 forming the rotor with the coating 30 is located inside the tubular extension 31a. The tubular extension 31a is provided at its free end with a bottom 31b which has a bore into which the axis 5 engages at one end. The axis 5 is welded to the bottom 31b of the tubular extension 31a.

Das andere Ende der Achse 5 greift in eine Bohrung des Gehäuse­teiles 32 ein und ist dort ebenfalls durch Schweißen befestigt.The other end of the axis 5 engages in a bore in the housing part 32 and is also fastened there by welding.

Im Bereich der Drehanode 2 ist seitlich an das Gehäuseteil 31 ein rohrförmiger Isolator 33 angesetzt, der die Kathode 1 auf­nimmt. Der Isolator 33 ist mit dem Gehäuseteil 31 unter Zwi­schenfügung eines geeignet geformten Metallringes 34 durch Schweißen verbunden.In the area of the rotating anode 2, a tubular insulator 33, which receives the cathode 1, is attached laterally to the housing part 31. The insulator 33 is connected to the housing part 31 with the interposition of a suitably shaped metal ring 34 by welding.

Um den Austritt des Röntgenstrahlenbündels 15 aus dem Gehäuse 3 zu ermöglichen, ist das Gehäuseteil 32 mit einem Strahlenaus­trittsfenster 32a aus einem geeigneten Werkstsoff, z.B. Beryllium, versehen, das dem Strahlenaustrittsfenster 4a des Schutzgehäuses 4 gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist.In order to enable the x-ray beam 15 to exit the housing 3, the housing part 32 is provided with a radiation exit window 32a made of a suitable material, e.g. Beryllium provided, which is arranged opposite the radiation exit window 4a of the protective housing 4.

Zur Spannungsversorgung der Röntgenröhre ist eine schematisch dargestellte Generatoreinrichtung 35 vorgesehen. Diese enthält eine Heizspannungsquelle 36 für die für die Kathode 1 erforder­liche Heizspannung. Weiter enthält die Generatoreinrichtung 35 eine Hochspannungsquelle 37, die die zur Erzeugung von Röntgen­strahlen erforderliche, zwischen der Drehanode 2 und der Katho­de 1 anliegende Hochspannung abgibt. Außerdem umfaßt die Gene­ ratoreinrichtung 35 eine Spannungsquelle 38, die die für den zum Antrieb der Drehanode 2 vorgesehenen Elektromotor 29 und 28 bzw. 30 erforderliche Betriebsspannung abgibt. Die von der Ge­neratoreinrichtung 35 zu den einzelnen Elementen der Röntgen­röhre führenden Leitungen sind in der Fig. schematisch ange­deutet.A generator device 35, shown schematically, is provided for supplying power to the X-ray tube. This contains a heating voltage source 36 for the heating voltage required for the cathode 1. The generator device 35 also contains a high-voltage source 37, which emits the high voltage required for generating x-rays, which is present between the rotating anode 2 and the cathode 1. It also includes the genes Rator device 35, a voltage source 38 which outputs the operating voltage required for the electric motor 29 and 28 or 30 provided for driving the rotating anode 2. The lines leading from the generator device 35 to the individual elements of the x-ray tube are indicated schematically in the figure.

Wie aus der Fig. ersichtlich ist, liegen die Drehanode 2 und der eine Anschluß des Stators 29 auf einem gemeinsamen Poten­tial, nämlich Erdpotential. Da zwischen der Drehanode 2 und dem Gehäuse keinerlei Isolationsmaßnahmen getroffen sind, liegen somit alle Bauteile der Röntgenröhre auf Erdpotential 39. Die Röntgenröhre ist also einpolig ausgeführt. Dies bietet unter anderem den Vorteil, daß zwischen dem Stator 29 des zum Antrieb der Drehanode 2 vorgesehenen Elektromotors und dem Gehäuse 3 keinerlei Isolatoren erforderlich sind. Der Stator 29 kann so mit unmittelbar auf den rohrförmigen Ansatz 31a des Gehäusetei­les 31 aufgesetzt werden, so wie dies in der Fig. dargestellt ist. Der zum Antrieb der Drehanode 2 vorgesehene Elektromotor weist somit einen sehr geringen Luftspalt auf, wodurch der Vor­teil eines sehr guten Durchgriffes und damit einer kurzen Hoch­laufzeit des Elektromotors bzw. der Drehanode 2 erzielt wird.As can be seen from the figure, the rotating anode 2 and the one connection of the stator 29 are at a common potential, namely ground potential. Since no insulation measures have been taken between the rotating anode 2 and the housing, all components of the X-ray tube are therefore at earth potential 39. The X-ray tube is therefore of single-pole design. Among other things, this offers the advantage that no insulators are required between the stator 29 of the electric motor provided for driving the rotating anode 2 and the housing 3. The stator 29 can thus be placed directly on the tubular extension 31a of the housing part 31, as shown in the figure. The electric motor provided for driving the rotating anode 2 thus has a very small air gap, whereby the advantage of a very good grip and thus a short ramp-up time of the electric motor or the rotating anode 2 is achieved.

Claims (9)

1. Röntgenröhre mit einer feststehenden Kathode (1) und einer Drehanode (2), welche in einem evakuierten Gehäuse (3) angeord­net sind, mit einer mit dem Gehäuse (3) verbundenen Achse (5), auf der die Drehanode (2) mit Hilfe von Lagern (6, 7) drehbar angeordnet ist, und mit einem mit dem Gehäuse (3) verbundenen Wärmeabsorptionskörper (16) wobei die Drehanode (2) als Hohl­körper ausgeführt ist, in dessen Innenraum der Wärmeabsorp­tionskörper (16) eingreift, und der Wärmeabsorptionskörper (16) von einem Kühlmedium zur Abfuhr der von der Wand (18) des In­nenraumes der Drehanode (2) durch Strahlung auf die der Wand (18) des Innenraumes gegenüberliegende Mantelfläche (17) des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers (16) übertragenen Wärme beaufschlagt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmeabsorptionskörper (16) an der Achse (5) angebracht ist, daß die Achse (5) sich durch das Gehäuse (3) hindurch er­streckt, und daß die Drehanode (2) an ihren einander gegen­überliegenden Enden mittels jeweils eines Lagers (6, 7) auf der Achse (5) gelagert ist.1. X-ray tube with a fixed cathode (1) and a rotating anode (2), which are arranged in an evacuated housing (3), with an axis (5) connected to the housing (3), on which the rotating anode (2) With the help of bearings (6, 7) is rotatably arranged, and with a heat absorption body (16) connected to the housing (3), the rotating anode (2) being designed as a hollow body, in the interior of which the heat absorption body (16) engages, and the heat absorption body (16) is acted upon by a cooling medium for removing the heat transferred from the wall (18) of the interior of the rotating anode (2) by radiation to the lateral surface (17) of the heat absorption body (16) opposite the wall (18) of the interior, characterized in that in that the heat absorption body (16) is mounted on the axis (5), that the axis (5) extending through the housing (3), and that the rotary anode (2) at their opposite ends by a respective bearing (6 , 7) is mounted on the axis (5). 2. Röntgenröhre nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der Wärmeabsorptionskörper (16) von einem in der Achse (5) verlaufenden Kanal (19, 19a, 19b) mit einer Ein- und einer Ausströmöffnung (20, 21) durchzogen ist, in dem das Kühlmedium strömt.2. X-ray tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat absorption body (16) of an in the axis (5) extending channel (19, 19a, 19b) with an inlet and an outlet opening (20, 21) is crossed, in which the cooling medium flows. 3. Röntgenröhre nach Anspruch 2, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der Kanal (19a, 19b) in dem Wärmeabsorptionskörper (16) nahe bei dessen Mantelfläche (17) verläuft.3. X-ray tube according to claim 2, characterized in that the channel (19a, 19b) in the heat absorption body (16) runs close to the outer surface (17). 4. Röntgenröhre nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß sich der Kanal (19) im Bereich des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers (16) in mehrere Teilkanäle (19a, 19b) verzweigt.4. X-ray tube according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the channel (19) branches in the region of the heat absorption body (16) into a plurality of sub-channels (19a, 19b). 5. Röntgenröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wand (18) des Innenraumes der Drehanode (2) und/oder die Mantelfläche (17) des Wärmeabsorptionskörpers (16) geschwärzt ist.5. X-ray tube according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wall (18) of the interior of the rotating anode (2) and / or the outer surface (17) of the heat absorption body (16) is blackened. 6. Röntgenröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Ein­strömöffnung (20) des Kanales (19, 19a, 19b) an dem einen Ende der Achse (5) und die Ausströmöffnung (21) an deren anderem Ende befindet.6. X-ray tube according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inflow opening (20) of the channel (19, 19a, 19b) at one end of the axis (5) and the outflow opening (21) is at the other end . 7. Röntgenröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röntgen­röhre in einem mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Flüssigkeit gefüllten Schutzgehäuse (4) angeordnet ist und die in dem Schutzgehäuse (4) befindliche Flüssigkeit als Kühlmedium durch den Kanal (19, 19a, 19b) strömt.7. X-ray tube according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the X-ray tube is arranged in a protective housing (4) filled with an electrically insulating liquid and the liquid in the protective housing (4) as a cooling medium through the channel (19, 19a , 19b) flows. 8. Röntgenröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehanode (2) an ihren einander gegenüberliegenden Enden jeweils eine Hülse (27, 28) aus einem Werkstoff mit einem geringen Wärme­leitwert aufweist, in deren Bohrung das jeweilige Lager (6, 7) aufgenommen ist.8. X-ray tube according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rotating anode (2) at its opposite ends each has a sleeve (27, 28) made of a material with a low thermal conductivity, in the bore of which the respective bearing (6 , 7) is included. 9. Röntgenröhre nach Anspruch 8, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Hülse (28) den Rotor eines zum Antrieb der Drehanode (2) dienenden Elektromotors bildet.9. X-ray tube according to claim 8, characterized in that the sleeve (28) forms the rotor of a drive for the rotating anode (2) serving electric motor.
EP89101820A 1988-02-15 1989-02-02 X-ray tube Expired - Lifetime EP0328951B1 (en)

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DE8801941U DE8801941U1 (en) 1988-02-15 1988-02-15 X-ray tube
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US5887629A (en) * 1996-03-28 1999-03-30 Grob & Co. Aktiengesellschaft Corner connection for a heddle shaft
DE10318194A1 (en) * 2003-04-22 2004-11-25 Siemens Ag X-ray tube with liquid metal slide bearing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4949369A (en) 1990-08-14
DE8801941U1 (en) 1989-06-15
DE58904093D1 (en) 1993-05-27
EP0328951B1 (en) 1993-04-21

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