EP0321427A2 - Heat radiation tube - Google Patents
Heat radiation tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0321427A2 EP0321427A2 EP88850409A EP88850409A EP0321427A2 EP 0321427 A2 EP0321427 A2 EP 0321427A2 EP 88850409 A EP88850409 A EP 88850409A EP 88850409 A EP88850409 A EP 88850409A EP 0321427 A2 EP0321427 A2 EP 0321427A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- tubes
- radiation
- extrusion
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/14—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
- H05B3/64—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
- F27B9/068—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by radiant tubes, the tube being heated by a hot medium, e.g. hot gases
Definitions
- the present invention is for a heat radiation tube for furnaces and the like heating purposes.
- the source of heat can be electrical resistance elements or a burner using for example gas.
- Furnaces primarily means furnaces for heat treatment in industrial processes.
- Heat radiation tubes are mainly used in furnaces where the furnace atmosphere does not allow direct heat. This can be due to that the atmosphere is harmful to the elements which are being used for electrical heating or a wish to control the atmosphere in the furnace whereby combustion gases are not allowed therein.
- Other reasons for the use of radiation tubes instead of direct heating might be for example that one wants to repair or exchange the heat source while the furnace is being used. It will then be easier to do this in a separate space, e.g. inside the radiation tube, than in the furnace chamber itself.
- a heat radiation tube may comprise a cylindrical tube.
- a bottom is mounted in one end of the tube.
- In the other end of the tube there is as a rule a flange for mounting in the furnace wall.
- the tube can also have other arrangements, protrusions, etc. for mounting in the furnace as well as distance pieces and the like. Mainly when heating is obtained by combustion there may in the tube be inserts forming flow channels for the combustion gases.
- Radiation tubes have hitherto mainly been used by furnace temperatures up to about 1100°C.
- the tubes are often made from an alloy mainly comprising nickel, chromium and iron.
- the alloy composition is for example 40-60 weight % nickel, 15-20 % chrom and 25-45 % iron.
- These radiation tubes however, have certain drawbacks which are of great importance in most application.
- On the surfaces of the tubes the outside as well as the inside oxide layers are formed which are spalled off when they have reached a certain thickness, which varies due to conditions in each application.
- the oxide layers do not give protection against continuing attacks on the tubes. Downfalling oxide flakes may cause problems if they get into contact with the products which are present inside the furnaces.
- the oxide flakes inside the tubes may cause short-circuiting between separate elements and between separate parts of one element which brings with it an immediate interruption of the function of the element or a considerably decreased life of the element.
- an element is exchanged, which means that element and element support is pulled out from the radiation tube and after repair or exchange again is pushed into it,the supports may function as scrapes and bring about heaps of oxides in most cases in the far end of the tube which may cause difficulties by the repair work and function deficiencies.
- Hitherto used radiation tubes do not have satisfactory mechanical properties by high temperatures of use. Due to their own weight and the internal load the tubes tend to sag. In order to compensate for this the tubes have to be turned 180° at regular intervals. This can in most cases be made in connection with normal maintenance or repair but it is still an important drawback and a factor which limits the possibilities of use.
- the object of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks of hitherto known radiation tubes and to make possible a higher temperature of use than has hitherto been possible.
- the invention also makes it possible to have longer intervals between stops for maintenance works.
- the much reduced or totally eliminated sagging of the tubes means much for reliable function of the radiation tubes as well as easier maintenance.
- Radiation tubes according to the invention are intended for use in furnaces and the like heating purposes and are characterized therein that the tube is made from an alloy of FeCrAl-type whereby a cylindrical part is a seamless tube. These radiation tubes have important advantages compared to conventional tubes made by casting or welding of plates from nickel chromium or iron-nickel-chromium-alloys. Radiation tubes according to the invention can be used at temperatures up to 1250-1300°C.
- FeCrAl-alloys at oxidizing conditions form a stable and adhering layer of aluminium oxide on the surface of the material.
- This oxide is also more heat resistant and resistant against chemical attacks than the layers which are formed on nickel-chromium-alloys. This is particularly obvious in sulphur containing environments, where rapid and severe attacks are obtained on nickel-chromium materials. If the oxide layer is undamaged the FeCrAl-alloys are better also in carburating atmosphere. In many applications it is therefore important to pre-oxidize the radiation tubes according to the invention. This shall be done also if the intended temperature of use is below 1100°C.
- Suitable pre-oxidation is for example heat treatment in air at 1100°C for at least 8 hours.
- the FeCrAl-alloy may also contain minor amounts of other alloying components such as yttrium, titanium and zirkonium in amounts up to 0.2 weight % of each. These additives influence the oxide layers as well as the structure and properties of the material.
- the cylindrical tube which is a main part of the radiation tube is seam-less and preferably made by extrusion.
- the slab which is used for the extrusion is made in a well-known way be casting or by power metallurgy.
- the shearing speed and other conditions by extrusion are choosen to give the tubes a striped surface which means that all of the outer surface of the tubes is rough with axially extending irregular grooves and ridges, the size of which is chosen to optimize the properties of the oxide layer, mainly its strength and elasticity, in order to avoid oxide spalling by high temperatures and changing temperature.
- Fig. 1 shows several radiation tubes (1, 2A, 2B) which have been mounted into a furnace, whereof a brick wall (3) is shown.
- the radiation tubes have a sheath which is a cylindrical tube (9) made from FeCrAl material.
- FeCrAl material means iron-chromium-aluminium-alloys as described above.
- a wall (not shown) from the same material.
- Into the wall (3) of the furnace is opened a hole which corresponds to the tube and wherein the end of the tube is supported.
- a corresponding support for example a shelf or an opening in the furnace wall.
- the distance between the walls of the furnace can be up to 2 meters and the radiation tube is hanging unsupported therein between.
- an electrical resistance element (4) which in the example shown is made from MoSi2 of the kind which is marketed under the trademark KANTHAL SUPER.
- the element is resting on a ceramic support (5).
- the terminal parts (7) of the element pass through two plugs (6, 8), which separate the hot atmosphere of the radiation tube from the surroundings and support the terminal parts.
- the radiation tube shown in Fig. 2 is intended to be heated by an indicated gas burner (14).
- the combustion gases from the burner flow firstly through the insert (12), make a turn at the wall (10) and flow back along the radiation tube (9).
- the latter has a flange (11) for mounting to the furnace wall in a conventional way.
- Supports (13) are welded to the insert.
- the radiation tubes shown in figures 1 and 2 have dimensions chosen with respect to the furnace wherein they are to be used.
- the length of the tube may be 1800 mm, its external diameter 200 mm and wall thickness 8 mm.
- Figures 3 and 4 show the appearance of a radiation tube according to the invention.
- Figure 3 is a photograph of the surface of the tube and figure 4 shows a cross section of the same surface of the tube at about 50 times magnification. The striped appearance of the surface is shown in the pictures. These crystal stripes are obtained by the use of a sufficient high shearing speed at the extrusion process and can be essential for the properties of the oxide layer.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention is for a heat radiation tube for furnaces and the like heating purposes. The source of heat can be electrical resistance elements or a burner using for example gas. Furnaces primarily means furnaces for heat treatment in industrial processes.
- Heat radiation tubes are mainly used in furnaces where the furnace atmosphere does not allow direct heat. This can be due to that the atmosphere is harmful to the elements which are being used for electrical heating or a wish to control the atmosphere in the furnace whereby combustion gases are not allowed therein. Other reasons for the use of radiation tubes instead of direct heating where such should be possible might be for example that one wants to repair or exchange the heat source while the furnace is being used. It will then be easier to do this in a separate space, e.g. inside the radiation tube, than in the furnace chamber itself.
- A heat radiation tube may comprise a cylindrical tube. A bottom is mounted in one end of the tube. In the other end of the tube there is as a rule a flange for mounting in the furnace wall. The tube can also have other arrangements, protrusions, etc. for mounting in the furnace as well as distance pieces and the like. Mainly when heating is obtained by combustion there may in the tube be inserts forming flow channels for the combustion gases. There are also U-shaped radiation tubes.
- Radiation tubes have hitherto mainly been used by furnace temperatures up to about 1100°C. The tubes are often made from an alloy mainly comprising nickel, chromium and iron. The alloy composition is for example 40-60 weight % nickel, 15-20 % chrom and 25-45 % iron. These radiation tubes, however, have certain drawbacks which are of great importance in most application. On the surfaces of the tubes the outside as well as the inside oxide layers are formed which are spalled off when they have reached a certain thickness, which varies due to conditions in each application. Hereby the oxide layers do not give protection against continuing attacks on the tubes. Downfalling oxide flakes may cause problems if they get into contact with the products which are present inside the furnaces. However, the greatest problems are caused by the oxide flakes inside the tubes. If these are holding electrical elements for the heating the flakes may cause short-circuiting between separate elements and between separate parts of one element which brings with it an immediate interruption of the function of the element or a considerably decreased life of the element. When an element is exchanged, which means that element and element support is pulled out from the radiation tube and after repair or exchange again is pushed into it,the supports may function as scrapes and bring about heaps of oxides in most cases in the far end of the tube which may cause difficulties by the repair work and function deficiencies.
- Hitherto used radiation tubes do not have satisfactory mechanical properties by high temperatures of use. Due to their own weight and the internal load the tubes tend to sag. In order to compensate for this the tubes have to be turned 180° at regular intervals. This can in most cases be made in connection with normal maintenance or repair but it is still an important drawback and a factor which limits the possibilities of use.
- The object of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned drawbacks of hitherto known radiation tubes and to make possible a higher temperature of use than has hitherto been possible. This mainly refers to a higher constant temperature by continuous use. The invention also makes it possible to have longer intervals between stops for maintenance works. The much reduced or totally eliminated sagging of the tubes means much for reliable function of the radiation tubes as well as easier maintenance.
- Radiation tubes according to the invention are intended for use in furnaces and the like heating purposes and are characterized therein that the tube is made from an alloy of FeCrAl-type whereby a cylindrical part is a seamless tube. These radiation tubes have important advantages compared to conventional tubes made by casting or welding of plates from nickel chromium or iron-nickel-chromium-alloys. Radiation tubes according to the invention can be used at temperatures up to 1250-1300°C.
- At high temperatures FeCrAl-alloys at oxidizing conditions form a stable and adhering layer of aluminium oxide on the surface of the material. This oxide is also more heat resistant and resistant against chemical attacks than the layers which are formed on nickel-chromium-alloys. This is particularly obvious in sulphur containing environments, where rapid and severe attacks are obtained on nickel-chromium materials. If the oxide layer is undamaged the FeCrAl-alloys are better also in carburating atmosphere. In many applications it is therefore important to pre-oxidize the radiation tubes according to the invention. This shall be done also if the intended temperature of use is below 1100°C. Suitable pre-oxidation is for example heat treatment in air at 1100°C for at least 8 hours. The FeCrAl-alloy may also contain minor amounts of other alloying components such as yttrium, titanium and zirkonium in amounts up to 0.2 weight % of each. These additives influence the oxide layers as well as the structure and properties of the material.
- The cylindrical tube which is a main part of the radiation tube is seam-less and preferably made by extrusion. The slab which is used for the extrusion is made in a well-known way be casting or by power metallurgy. The shearing speed and other conditions by extrusion are choosen to give the tubes a striped surface which means that all of the outer surface of the tubes is rough with axially extending irregular grooves and ridges, the size of which is chosen to optimize the properties of the oxide layer, mainly its strength and elasticity, in order to avoid oxide spalling by high temperatures and changing temperature.
- Below the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying figures.
- Fig. 1 shows electrically heated radiation tubes inside a furnace. One of the radiation tubes is shown with part of the tube cut away in order to show the element.
- Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a radiation tube which is heated by combustion of gas.
- Fig. 3 shows the surface of the cylindrical tube of a radiation tube.
- Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the cylindrical tube.
- Fig. 1 shows several radiation tubes (1, 2A, 2B) which have been mounted into a furnace, whereof a brick wall (3) is shown. The radiation tubes have a sheath which is a cylindrical tube (9) made from FeCrAl material. FeCrAl material means iron-chromium-aluminium-alloys as described above. At the outer end of the tube is a wall (not shown) from the same material. Into the wall (3) of the furnace is opened a hole which corresponds to the tube and wherein the end of the tube is supported. For the not shown end of the tube there is a corresponding support, for example a shelf or an opening in the furnace wall. The distance between the walls of the furnace can be up to 2 meters and the radiation tube is hanging unsupported therein between. Inside the tube there is an electrical resistance element (4) which in the example shown is made from MoSi₂ of the kind which is marketed under the trademark KANTHAL SUPER. The element is resting on a ceramic support (5). The terminal parts (7) of the element pass through two plugs (6, 8), which separate the hot atmosphere of the radiation tube from the surroundings and support the terminal parts.
- The radiation tube shown in Fig. 2 is intended to be heated by an indicated gas burner (14). The combustion gases from the burner flow firstly through the insert (12), make a turn at the wall (10) and flow back along the radiation tube (9). The latter has a flange (11) for mounting to the furnace wall in a conventional way. Supports (13) are welded to the insert.
- The radiation tubes shown in figures 1 and 2 have dimensions chosen with respect to the furnace wherein they are to be used. For example, the length of the tube may be 1800 mm, its external diameter 200 mm and
wall thickness 8 mm. - Figures 3 and 4 show the appearance of a radiation tube according to the invention. Figure 3 is a photograph of the surface of the tube and figure 4 shows a cross section of the same surface of the tube at about 50 times magnification. The striped appearance of the surface is shown in the pictures. These crystal stripes are obtained by the use of a sufficient high shearing speed at the extrusion process and can be essential for the properties of the oxide layer.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8704859A SE459524B (en) | 1987-12-04 | 1987-12-04 | VAERMESTRAALNINGSROER |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0321427A2 true EP0321427A2 (en) | 1989-06-21 |
EP0321427A3 EP0321427A3 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
EP0321427B1 EP0321427B1 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
Family
ID=20370503
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88850409A Expired - Lifetime EP0321427B1 (en) | 1987-12-04 | 1988-12-05 | Heat radiation tube |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0321427B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0126475B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3855704T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2090017T3 (en) |
SE (1) | SE459524B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0564665A2 (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1993-10-13 | Kanthal AB | Cracking Furnace |
US5409748A (en) * | 1990-12-31 | 1995-04-25 | Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. | Heat radiating tube for annealing furnace, with ceramic coated on the inside thereof |
EP1018563A1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2000-07-12 | Jgc Corporation | Heating furnace tube, method of using the same, and method of manufacturing the same |
FR2800450A1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-04 | Stein Heurtey | Device for indirect heating tubes, bands, rods, etc. using fossil fuel has parallelepiped shaped radiant cassette with rectangular cross section of specified aspect ratio |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3137486A (en) * | 1962-11-28 | 1964-06-16 | Multifastener Company | Burner construction |
US3735008A (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1973-05-22 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | Electric furnace |
US3984616A (en) * | 1975-10-14 | 1976-10-05 | Btu Engineering Corporation | High temperature furnace heater |
US4011395A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1977-03-08 | Btu Engineering Company | Electric furnace heater |
US4215233A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-07-29 | Alco Standard Corporation | Heating assembly with vibration dampening shipping supports for graphite heating elements |
US4355973A (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-10-26 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Radiant heating apparatus |
US4589844A (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-05-20 | Advanced Combustion Inc. | Heat exchange apparatus for industrial furnaces |
-
1987
- 1987-12-04 SE SE8704859A patent/SE459524B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-12-05 ES ES88850409T patent/ES2090017T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-05 DE DE3855704T patent/DE3855704T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-05 EP EP88850409A patent/EP0321427B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-12 KR KR1019880016456A patent/KR0126475B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3137486A (en) * | 1962-11-28 | 1964-06-16 | Multifastener Company | Burner construction |
US3735008A (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1973-05-22 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | Electric furnace |
US4011395A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1977-03-08 | Btu Engineering Company | Electric furnace heater |
US3984616A (en) * | 1975-10-14 | 1976-10-05 | Btu Engineering Corporation | High temperature furnace heater |
US4215233A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-07-29 | Alco Standard Corporation | Heating assembly with vibration dampening shipping supports for graphite heating elements |
US4355973A (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-10-26 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Radiant heating apparatus |
US4589844A (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-05-20 | Advanced Combustion Inc. | Heat exchange apparatus for industrial furnaces |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DIN 2462 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0564665A2 (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1993-10-13 | Kanthal AB | Cracking Furnace |
EP0564665A3 (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1993-12-01 | Kanthal Ab | Cracking furnace |
US5409748A (en) * | 1990-12-31 | 1995-04-25 | Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. | Heat radiating tube for annealing furnace, with ceramic coated on the inside thereof |
EP1018563A1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2000-07-12 | Jgc Corporation | Heating furnace tube, method of using the same, and method of manufacturing the same |
EP1018563A4 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2001-12-12 | Jgc Corp | Heating furnace tube, method of using the same, and method of manufacturing the same |
FR2800450A1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-04 | Stein Heurtey | Device for indirect heating tubes, bands, rods, etc. using fossil fuel has parallelepiped shaped radiant cassette with rectangular cross section of specified aspect ratio |
EP1203921A1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2002-05-08 | Stein Heurtey | Fossil fuel indirect heating device for moving materials , in particular strips |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE459524B (en) | 1989-07-10 |
DE3855704D1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
SE8704859L (en) | 1989-06-05 |
KR0126475B1 (en) | 1997-12-26 |
DE3855704T2 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
SE8704859D0 (en) | 1987-12-04 |
EP0321427A3 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
KR900010344A (en) | 1990-07-07 |
ES2090017T3 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
EP0321427B1 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0564665A2 (en) | Cracking Furnace | |
US4011394A (en) | Kilns | |
EP0321427A2 (en) | Heat radiation tube | |
US5267609A (en) | Heat radiation tube | |
MX2008005528A (en) | Heat exchange apparatus and method of use. | |
JPH0972789A (en) | Thermocouple temperature-measuring device | |
JP2941825B2 (en) | Radiator tube of iron-chromium-aluminum type alloy and method of manufacturing the same | |
US2336366A (en) | Furnace | |
US4434495A (en) | Cooling pipe structure for arc furnace | |
CA1142985A (en) | Melting and casting apparatus | |
RU110174U1 (en) | HEATING UNIT FOR TUBULAR ELECTRIC RESISTANCE FURNACES | |
EP0157025B1 (en) | Rotary hearth finish annealing furnace | |
CN217737216U (en) | Anti-erosion mullite refractory brick for chemical incinerator | |
CN110132012B (en) | Oxidation-resistant small-sized burning furnace for weight loss method on-line analysis | |
RU2375848C1 (en) | Protected heater | |
RU2021571C1 (en) | Electric furnace dome section | |
PL158233B1 (en) | Circuit arrangement of a tape recorder drive power supply | |
DE2924991A1 (en) | Water cooled element for electric furnaces - with high pressure tubes carrying webs and ribs | |
JPH07225083A (en) | Refractory furnace wall | |
CA1114873A (en) | Electrical insulation device | |
Lupi et al. | Resistance Furnaces | |
GB2288524A (en) | Mounting a heating element on a furnace lining construction | |
RU1786687C (en) | Method of manufacture of heating unit of electric furnace | |
Pettit | Environmentally Induced Degradation of Materials at Elevated Temperatures | |
SU1259086A1 (en) | Salt heating furnace |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT SE |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT SE |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19900205 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19921015 |
|
D18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn (deleted) | ||
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19940919 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT SE |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: BUZZI, NOTARO&ANTONIELLI D'OULX |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2090017 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2090017 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3855704 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19970123 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: PC2A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20071205 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20071205 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20071210 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20080118 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20071228 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20071129 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20081204 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20081209 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20081209 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20081204 |