EP0320766A3 - Viscosity index-modifying polymer blends for petroleum fractions - Google Patents
Viscosity index-modifying polymer blends for petroleum fractions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0320766A3 EP0320766A3 EP88120410A EP88120410A EP0320766A3 EP 0320766 A3 EP0320766 A3 EP 0320766A3 EP 88120410 A EP88120410 A EP 88120410A EP 88120410 A EP88120410 A EP 88120410A EP 0320766 A3 EP0320766 A3 EP 0320766A3
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- viscosity index
- polymer blends
- petroleum fractions
- modifying polymer
- modifying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3742630 | 1987-12-16 | ||
DE19873742630 DE3742630A1 (en) | 1987-12-16 | 1987-12-16 | POLYMER BLENDS FOR IMPROVING THE FLOWABILITY OF MINERAL OIL DISTILLATES IN THE COLD |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0320766A2 EP0320766A2 (en) | 1989-06-21 |
EP0320766A3 true EP0320766A3 (en) | 1989-12-20 |
EP0320766B1 EP0320766B1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
Family
ID=6342734
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88120410A Revoked EP0320766B1 (en) | 1987-12-16 | 1988-12-07 | Viscosity index-modifying polymer blends for petroleum fractions |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4985048A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0320766B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2777810B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1337888C (en) |
DE (2) | DE3742630A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2061616T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI97234C (en) |
NO (1) | NO174261C (en) |
Families Citing this family (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4241948A1 (en) * | 1992-12-12 | 1994-06-16 | Hoechst Ag | Graft polymers, their preparation and use as pour point depressants and flow improvers for crude oils, residual oils and middle distillates |
DE4430294A1 (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-02-29 | Basf Ag | Polymer mixtures and their use as additives for petroleum middle distillates |
US6846338B2 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2005-01-25 | Clariant Gmbh | Fuel oils based on middle distillates and copolymers of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic esters |
DE19729057A1 (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 1999-01-14 | Clariant Gmbh | Copolymers based on ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid esters and their use as mineral oil additives |
DE19754555A1 (en) | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-24 | Clariant Gmbh | Process for the production of ethylene copolymers and their use as an additive to mineral oil and mineral oil distillates |
DE19757830C2 (en) | 1997-12-24 | 2003-06-18 | Clariant Gmbh | Fuel oils with improved lubrication |
DE19802690C2 (en) * | 1998-01-24 | 2003-02-20 | Clariant Gmbh | Additive for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oils |
DE19802689A1 (en) * | 1998-01-24 | 1999-07-29 | Clariant Gmbh | Process for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oils |
DE19823565A1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-02 | Clariant Gmbh | Mixtures of copolymers with improved lubrication |
GB9826448D0 (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 1999-01-27 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Fuel oil additives and compositions |
US6203583B1 (en) | 1999-05-13 | 2001-03-20 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Cold flow improvers for distillate fuel compositions |
US6206939B1 (en) | 1999-05-13 | 2001-03-27 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Wax anti-settling agents for distillate fuels |
DE19927561C1 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-12-14 | Clariant Gmbh | Use of oil-soluble copolymers are derived from hydroxy-functional and hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomers to improve the lubricating properties of low-sulfur middle distillates |
DE19927560C2 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2002-03-14 | Clariant Gmbh | Fuel oil composition |
US6143043A (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2000-11-07 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Cloud point depressants for middle distillate fuels |
US6495495B1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2002-12-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Filterability improver |
EP1116780B1 (en) | 2000-01-11 | 2005-08-31 | Clariant GmbH | Polyfunctional additive for fuel oils |
DE10000649C2 (en) | 2000-01-11 | 2001-11-29 | Clariant Gmbh | Multi-functional additive for fuel oils |
DE10012269C2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2003-05-15 | Clariant Gmbh | Use of copolymer mixtures as an additive to improve the cold flow properties of middle distillates |
DE10012267B4 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2005-12-15 | Clariant Gmbh | Copolymer blends and their use as an additive to improve the cold flow properties of middle distillates |
DE10012947A1 (en) | 2000-03-16 | 2001-09-27 | Clariant Gmbh | Mixtures of carboxylic acids, their derivatives and hydroxyl-containing polymers, and their use to improve the lubricating effect of oils |
DE10012946B4 (en) | 2000-03-16 | 2006-02-02 | Clariant Gmbh | Use of oil-soluble amphiphiles as solvents for hydroxy-functional copolymers |
DE10058356B4 (en) | 2000-11-24 | 2005-12-15 | Clariant Gmbh | Fuel oils with improved lubricity, containing reaction products of fatty acids with short-chain oil-soluble amines |
DE10058359B4 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2005-12-22 | Clariant Gmbh | Fuel oils with improved lubricity, containing mixtures of fatty acids with paraffin dispersants, and a lubricant-improving additive |
DE10136828B4 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2005-12-15 | Clariant Gmbh | Lubricating additives with reduced emulsifying tendency for highly desulphurised fuel oils |
DE10155774B4 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2020-07-02 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Additives for low sulfur mineral oil distillates, comprising an ester of alkoxylated glycerin and a polar nitrogen-containing paraffin dispersant |
US6673131B2 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2004-01-06 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Fuel additive compositions and distillate fuels containing same |
EP1380634B1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2007-08-15 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH | Lubricity additives stabilised against oxidation for highly desulphurised fuel oils. |
JP4754773B2 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2011-08-24 | クラリアント・プロドゥクテ・(ドイチュラント)・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | Oily liquids stabilized against oxidation based on vegetable or animal oils |
CA2431746C (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2011-11-01 | Clariant Gmbh | Cold flow improvers for fuel oils of vegetable or animal origin |
DE10245737C5 (en) | 2002-10-01 | 2011-12-08 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Process for the preparation of additive mixtures for mineral oils and mineral oil distillates |
DE10260714A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-08 | Clariant Gmbh | Fuel oils with improved cold properties |
DE10319028B4 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2006-12-07 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Demulsifiers for mixtures of middle distillates with fuel oils of vegetable or animal origin |
DE10322163A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Basf Ag | Fuel compositions containing terpolymers with improved cold flow properties |
DE10333043A1 (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-03-10 | Clariant Gmbh | Fuel oil additives and additive fuel oils with improved cold properties |
WO2005040315A1 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-05-06 | Leuna Polymer Gmbh | Additive mixture as component of a mineral oil composition |
DE10349858B4 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2006-11-16 | Leuna Polymer Gmbh | Additive as a component of additive mineral oils |
DE10349862B4 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2006-11-16 | Leuna Polymer Gmbh | Additive as a component of mineral oil compositions |
CA2542846C (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2010-09-14 | Leuna Polymer Gmbh | Additive as component of mineral oil compositions |
DE10349851B4 (en) * | 2003-10-25 | 2008-06-19 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Cold flow improver for fuel oils of vegetable or animal origin |
DE10349850C5 (en) * | 2003-10-25 | 2011-12-08 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Cold flow improver for fuel oils of vegetable or animal origin |
DE102004014080A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-10-13 | Peter Dr. Wilharm | Nucleating agent based on hyperbranched polymer, used in paraffinic oil or biofuel to reduce cold filter plugging point, has long-chain linear alkyl-terminated ester, carbonate, (thio)ether, amide, urethane, urea or aminopropionyl groups |
DE10357880B4 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2008-05-29 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Fuel oils from middle distillates and oils of vegetable or animal origin with improved cold properties |
DE102004002080B4 (en) | 2004-01-15 | 2007-03-29 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Demulsifiers for mixtures of middle distillates with fuel oils of vegetable or animal origin and water |
DE102004024532B4 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2006-05-04 | Clariant Gmbh | Demulsifiers for mixtures of middle distillates with fuel oils of vegetable or animal origin and water |
DE102004028495B4 (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2007-08-30 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Cold flow improver compositions in naphthalene-lean solvent naphtha |
DE102006022720B4 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-10-02 | Clariant International Limited | Cold flow improver for vegetable or animal fuel oils |
DE102006022698B4 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-10-02 | Clariant International Limited | Composition of fuel oils |
CN103635498B (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2016-03-02 | 深圳市广昌达石油添加剂有限公司 | A kind of multipolymer for Copolymer As Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Improver and synthetic method thereof |
WO2018064272A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | Ecolab USA, Inc. | Paraffin suppressant compositions and methods |
CA3038772A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Paraffin inhibitors, and paraffin suppressant compositions and methods |
WO2024037904A1 (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2024-02-22 | Basf Se | Composition for reducing crystallization of paraffin crystals in fuels |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2301356A (en) * | 1940-08-01 | 1942-11-10 | Du Pont | Copolymers of cyclic imides of dicarboxylic acids |
US2669555A (en) * | 1949-09-29 | 1954-02-16 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Homopolymers of alkyl n-substituted maleimides |
GB1154966A (en) * | 1966-03-17 | 1969-06-11 | Shell Int Research | Fuel Composition with a Depressed Pour Point |
US3471458A (en) * | 1966-12-16 | 1969-10-07 | Chevron Res | Polyimides of olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers as diesel fuel additives |
FR2065425A5 (en) * | 1969-10-14 | 1971-07-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | |
DE2102469A1 (en) * | 1971-01-20 | 1972-08-03 | Basf Ag | Process for the production of low molecular weight ethylene copolymers |
CH546715A (en) * | 1971-03-01 | 1974-03-15 | Shell Int Research | Crusde oil and fuel oil or motor fuel based - on a mineral oil |
GB1593672A (en) * | 1977-10-07 | 1981-07-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Polymer combinations useful in distillate hydrocarbon oils to improve cold flow properties |
EP0184083A2 (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-06-11 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Terpolymers of ethylene, process for their manufacture and their use |
EP0196217A2 (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-10-01 | Amoco Corporation | Ethylene-unsaturated, ester-substituted olefin terpolymer flow improvers |
EP0203554A1 (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1986-12-03 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Use of ethylene terpolymers as additives for mineral distillates oils and mineral oil |
FR2592387A1 (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Additive compositions intended especially to improve the cold filterability properties of petroleum middle distillates |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3661541A (en) * | 1969-04-22 | 1972-05-09 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Fuel oil compositions containing a mixture of polymers to improve the pour point and flow properties |
US3762888A (en) * | 1970-11-16 | 1973-10-02 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Fuel oil composition containing oil soluble pour depressant polymer and auxiliary flow improving compound |
US3961916A (en) * | 1972-02-08 | 1976-06-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Middle distillate compositions with improved filterability and process therefor |
US3803034A (en) * | 1972-09-05 | 1974-04-09 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Pour point depression |
US4153422A (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1979-05-08 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Polymer combinations useful in distillate hydrocarbon oils to improve cold flow properties |
US4058371A (en) * | 1976-05-25 | 1977-11-15 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Polymer combinations useful in distillate hydrocarbon oils to improve cold flow properties |
US4481013A (en) * | 1982-03-23 | 1984-11-06 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Two component flow improver additive for middle distillate fuel oils |
US4491651A (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1985-01-01 | Petrolite Corporation | Antistats containing acrylonitrile copolymers and polyamines |
FR2528066A1 (en) * | 1982-06-04 | 1983-12-09 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | NITROGEN ADDITIVES FOR USE AS HYDROCARBON MOISTURE DISTILLATE DISORDER DISORDERS AND HYDROCARBON MEAL DISTILLATE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THE SAME |
US4569679A (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1986-02-11 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Additive concentrates for distillate fuels |
-
1987
- 1987-12-16 DE DE19873742630 patent/DE3742630A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-12-07 DE DE88120410T patent/DE3887115D1/en not_active Revoked
- 1988-12-07 EP EP88120410A patent/EP0320766B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1988-12-07 ES ES88120410T patent/ES2061616T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-14 FI FI885781A patent/FI97234C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-14 US US07/284,085 patent/US4985048A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-15 NO NO885579A patent/NO174261C/en unknown
- 1988-12-15 CA CA000585958A patent/CA1337888C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-15 JP JP63315202A patent/JP2777810B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2301356A (en) * | 1940-08-01 | 1942-11-10 | Du Pont | Copolymers of cyclic imides of dicarboxylic acids |
US2669555A (en) * | 1949-09-29 | 1954-02-16 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Homopolymers of alkyl n-substituted maleimides |
GB1154966A (en) * | 1966-03-17 | 1969-06-11 | Shell Int Research | Fuel Composition with a Depressed Pour Point |
US3471458A (en) * | 1966-12-16 | 1969-10-07 | Chevron Res | Polyimides of olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers as diesel fuel additives |
FR2065425A5 (en) * | 1969-10-14 | 1971-07-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | |
DE2102469A1 (en) * | 1971-01-20 | 1972-08-03 | Basf Ag | Process for the production of low molecular weight ethylene copolymers |
CH546715A (en) * | 1971-03-01 | 1974-03-15 | Shell Int Research | Crusde oil and fuel oil or motor fuel based - on a mineral oil |
GB1593672A (en) * | 1977-10-07 | 1981-07-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Polymer combinations useful in distillate hydrocarbon oils to improve cold flow properties |
EP0184083A2 (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1986-06-11 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Terpolymers of ethylene, process for their manufacture and their use |
EP0196217A2 (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-10-01 | Amoco Corporation | Ethylene-unsaturated, ester-substituted olefin terpolymer flow improvers |
EP0203554A1 (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1986-12-03 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Use of ethylene terpolymers as additives for mineral distillates oils and mineral oil |
FR2592387A1 (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Additive compositions intended especially to improve the cold filterability properties of petroleum middle distillates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2061616T3 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
EP0320766B1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
US4985048A (en) | 1991-01-15 |
FI97234C (en) | 1996-11-11 |
JPH01201348A (en) | 1989-08-14 |
FI885781A0 (en) | 1988-12-14 |
NO174261C (en) | 1994-04-06 |
FI885781A (en) | 1989-06-17 |
DE3742630A1 (en) | 1989-06-29 |
FI97234B (en) | 1996-07-31 |
JP2777810B2 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
NO174261B (en) | 1993-12-27 |
EP0320766A2 (en) | 1989-06-21 |
NO885579D0 (en) | 1988-12-15 |
DE3887115D1 (en) | 1994-02-24 |
CA1337888C (en) | 1996-01-02 |
NO885579L (en) | 1989-06-19 |
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