EP0319060A2 - Diesel fuel composition - Google Patents
Diesel fuel composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0319060A2 EP0319060A2 EP88202490A EP88202490A EP0319060A2 EP 0319060 A2 EP0319060 A2 EP 0319060A2 EP 88202490 A EP88202490 A EP 88202490A EP 88202490 A EP88202490 A EP 88202490A EP 0319060 A2 EP0319060 A2 EP 0319060A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component
- composition
- diesel fuel
- weight
- methanol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- This invention relates to a Diesel fuel composition in the form of a stable and homogeneous mixture.
- hybrid compositions which contained a fraction of alcoholic products, and especially methanol and ethanol.
- compositions containing a Diesel fuel and lower alcohols in the form of emulsions and microemulsions (obtained with the aid of one or more surface-active agents), or in the form of homogeneous mixtures (wherein homogeneousness is basically obtained with the aid of higher aliphatic alcohols).
- compositions devoid of surface-active agents comparatively high amounts of higher alcohols are required in order to be able to retain interesting amounts of lower alcohols. Also this fact is a liability, in view of the cost of the higher alcohols.
- US-A-4 481 012 discloses the preparation and the separation of a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction rich with methanol and obtained by causing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to catalytically interact.
- the present invention relates to a Diesel fuel composition, in the form of a stable and homogeneous mixture, containing:
- the composition of this invention contains the components (a) and (b) in a weight ratio of the former to the latter of from 3:1 to 7:1, whereas the component (c) is present at a concentration, on a weight basis, of from 0.1% to 6% relative to the overall composition.
- Component (a) of the composition of this invention can be any petroleum cut fulfilling the ASTM-Standards for Diesel fuels.
- Diesel Fuel N o 2 is preferred,which is the most commonly used one for commercial and agricultural vehicles.
- Diesel fuels those of predominantly aromatic nature are preferred.
- Component (b) of the composition of this invention is a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction as obtained in the process for preparing methanol and higher alcohols by catalytic interaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. More particularly, in such processes, working temperatures are usually adopted which range from 300°C to 500°C, under pressures which are equal to, or higher than 151987.75 kPa (150 abs.atm or ata), in the presence of catalysts based on copper, zinc or chromium, modified with alkali metal or alkaline earth metals.
- C1-C4 alcoholic fraction the composition of which is, on a weight basis, typically within the following ranges: from 70% to 80% of methanol from 2% to 5% of ethanol from 5% to 10% of propanol from 12% to 15% of butanol from 0.1% to 1% of water.
- Component (c) of the composition of this invention is an aliphatic alcohol which contains from 2 to 18 carbon atoms it its molecule: obviously, mixtures of such alcohols can be used.
- the amount of component (c) in the composition can generally be varied within the range of from 0.1% to 6% on a weight basis.
- the accurate value of the amount of component (c) to be adopted in the various circumstances in order to impart both stability and homogeneousness to the composition concerned, is selected within said range, on taking into account both the nature of the component (c) concerned and that of the Diesel fuel used in said composition.
- the amount of component (c) which is necessary to achieve the purpose aforesaid is decreased as the number of carbon atoms which are present in the molecule of that component (c) is increased.
- component (c) If the number of carbon atoms of component (c) is the same, the quantity of it which is required is decreased when passing from Diesel fuels of a predominantly aliphatic nature to those having a predominantly aromatic nature.
- component (a) a predominantly aromatic Diesel fuel
- component (b) a weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) in ther order of 4:1
- the quantity of component (c) is appropriately varied within a range of from about 0.5% to about 2.0% by we!ght when passing from a component (c) having 18 carbon atoms in its molecule, to a component (c) having two carbon atoms in its molecule.
- the quantity of the component (c) is appropriately varied within a range of from about 4% to about 6% by weight when passing from a component (c) having 16 carbon atoms in its molecule, to a component (c) having 6 carbon atoms in its molecule.
- composition according to this invention may contain, in addition to the components enumerated above, minor amounts (generally less than 1% by weight) of additives known in the art, such as improvers of the cetane number, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators and antioxidants.
- composition according to the present invention is not critical as itself, inasmuch as the components can be blended in any sequential order whatsoever.
- the component (b) which is used is a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction as obtained according to the process of US-A-4 481 012, said alcoholic fraction having the following composition, on a weight basis: 78.5% of methanol 2.4% of ethanol 5.6% of propanol 13.4% of butanol 0.1% of water.
- a homogeneous and stable composition is prepared by using as the component (a) a predominatly aromatic Diesel fuel by AGIP PETROLI S.p.A., the component (b) being the C1-C4 alcoholic fraction referred to above, the component (c) being oleyl alcohol.
- the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 79.60% of component (a) 19.90% of component (b) 0.50% of component (c).
- a stable and homogeneous composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) as in Example 1, and decyl alcohol as the component (c).
- the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 79.45% of component (a) 19.85% of component (b) 0.70% of component (c).
- a stable and homogeneous composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) as in Example 1, hexyl alcohol being component (c).
- the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 79.40% of component(a) 19.80% of component (b) 0.80% of component (c).
- a homogeneous and stable composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) of Example 1, with ethyl alcohol as the component (c).
- the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 78.4% of the component (a) 19.6% of the component (b) 2.0% of the component (c)
- compositions of Examples 1 through 4 are stored for 3 months at ambient temperature (20-25°C) and, after that period of time, they retain their stability and no demixing phenomenon is observed.
- compositions are prepared, which contain the components (a) and (b) of Example 1 in a weight ratio of (a) to (b) equal to 4:1 and hexanol is added as the component (c).
- compositions The behaviour of such compositions is observed within a temperature range of from +25°C to -10°C: it is noted that the quantity of component (c) which is required to maintain homogeneousness and stability for the composition varies from 0.8% by weight at a temperature of +25°C to 3.5% by weight at -10°C. Even at low temperatures, storage for a long time does not originate plural-phase demixing problems, and the compositions retain their homogeneousness and transparency properties unaltered.
- a stable and homogeneous composition is prepared using, as the component (a) a predominantly aliphatic Diesel fuel, supplied by AGIP PETROLI S.p.A., the component (b) is the C1-C4 alcoholic fraction referred to above, and the component (c) is hexanol.
- the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is: 75.2% of component (a) 18.8% of component (b) 6.0% of component (c).
- a homogeneous and stable composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) of Example 6 and decanol as the component (c).
- the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 75.6% of component (a) 18.9% of component (b) 5.5% of component (c).
- a homogeneous and stable composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) of Example 6, and tetradecanol as the component (c).
- the content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows: 75.4% of the component (a) 18.8% of the component (b) 5.8% of the component (c).
- compositions of the Examples 6 through 8 are stored for three months at the environmental temperature (20°C-25°C) and, after that period of time, they retain their stability and no demixing phenomenon is observed.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a Diesel fuel composition in the form of a stable and homogeneous mixture.
- In recent years, due to the petroleum product crisis, many studies have been carried out in the field of alternative fuels and hybrid fuels.
- More particularly, in the field of Diesel fuels, hybrid compositions have been proposed, which contained a fraction of alcoholic products, and especially methanol and ethanol.
- The problems inhrent in such hybrid compositions stem basically from the circumstance that methanol is insoluble in Diesel fuels and that ethanol, even being soluble therein in all proportions, demixes in the presence of small quantities of water.
- In order to overcome such shortcomings, there have been suggested, in the technics, compositions containing a Diesel fuel and lower alcohols, in the form of emulsions and microemulsions (obtained with the aid of one or more surface-active agents), or in the form of homogeneous mixtures (wherein homogeneousness is basically obtained with the aid of higher aliphatic alcohols).
- Such known art is represented by US-A-4 451 267 and EP-AO 117 915.
- The suggested approaches, however, are not completely satisfactory. As a matter of fact, high amounts of surface-active agents are generally required in order to obtain stable emulsions or microemulsions, and this is an economic liability.
- On the other hand, in the compositions devoid of surface-active agents, comparatively high amounts of higher alcohols are required in order to be able to retain interesting amounts of lower alcohols. Also this fact is a liability, in view of the cost of the higher alcohols.
- In the field of gasolines, there have been proposed fuel grade mixtures of methanol and higher alcohols, to be used as such as fuels, or in admixture with gasolines.
- More particularly, US-A-4 481 012 discloses the preparation and the separation of a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction rich with methanol and obtained by causing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to catalytically interact.
- It has now been found that such a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction, in spite of its high methanol content, is capable of giving stable and homogeneous mixtures with a Diesel fuel, in the presence of reduced amounts, and sometimes extremely reduced amounts, of an aliphatic alcohol containing at least two carbon atoms in its molecule.
- By so doing, it becomes possible to solve, or at least to undertone, the problems inherent in the hybrid Diesel fuel compositions referred to above.
- Accordingly, the present invention relates to a Diesel fuel composition, in the form of a stable and homogeneous mixture, containing:
- (a) a Diesel fuel;
- (b) a mixture of aliphatic alcohols (C1-C4 alcoholic fraction) containing more than 50% by weight of methanol and coming from the catalytic methanol and higher alcohol preparation processes by reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and
- (c) an aliphatic alcohol containing from 2 to 18 carbon atoms in its molecule.
- Appropriately, the composition of this invention contains the components (a) and (b) in a weight ratio of the former to the latter of from 3:1 to 7:1, whereas the component (c) is present at a concentration, on a weight basis, of from 0.1% to 6% relative to the overall composition.
- Component (a) of the composition of this invention can be any petroleum cut fulfilling the ASTM-Standards for Diesel fuels. Diesel Fuel No2 is preferred,which is the most commonly used one for commercial and agricultural vehicles. Among the several Diesel fuels, those of predominantly aromatic nature are preferred.
- Component (b) of the composition of this invention is a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction as obtained in the process for preparing methanol and higher alcohols by catalytic interaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. More particularly, in such processes, working temperatures are usually adopted which range from 300°C to 500°C, under pressures which are equal to, or higher than 151987.75 kPa (150 abs.atm or ata), in the presence of catalysts based on copper, zinc or chromium, modified with alkali metal or alkaline earth metals. By working under such conditions, it is possibile to produce and to separate a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction, the composition of which is, on a weight basis, typically within the following ranges:
from 70% to 80% of methanol
from 2% to 5% of ethanol
from 5% to 10% of propanol
from 12% to 15% of butanol
from 0.1% to 1% of water. - Component (c) of the composition of this invention is an aliphatic alcohol which contains from 2 to 18 carbon atoms it its molecule: obviously, mixtures of such alcohols can be used.
- As outlined above, the amount of component (c) in the composition can generally be varied within the range of from 0.1% to 6% on a weight basis. The accurate value of the amount of component (c) to be adopted in the various circumstances in order to impart both stability and homogeneousness to the composition concerned, is selected within said range, on taking into account both the nature of the component (c) concerned and that of the Diesel fuel used in said composition.
- More particularly, the amount of component (c) which is necessary to achieve the purpose aforesaid is decreased as the number of carbon atoms which are present in the molecule of that component (c) is increased.
- If the number of carbon atoms of component (c) is the same, the quantity of it which is required is decreased when passing from Diesel fuels of a predominantly aliphatic nature to those having a predominantly aromatic nature.
- Thus, for example, using as component (a) a predominantly aromatic Diesel fuel, and with a weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) in ther order of 4:1, the quantity of component (c) is appropriately varied within a range of from about 0.5% to about 2.0% by we!ght when passing from a component (c) having 18 carbon atoms in its molecule, to a component (c) having two carbon atoms in its molecule.
- In the case of a predominantly aliphatic Diesel fuel as the component (a) and with a weight ratio of (a) to (b), in the composition, in the order of 4:1, the quantity of the component (c) is appropriately varied within a range of from about 4% to about 6% by weight when passing from a component (c) having 16 carbon atoms in its molecule, to a component (c) having 6 carbon atoms in its molecule.
- The composition according to this invention may contain, in addition to the components enumerated above, minor amounts (generally less than 1% by weight) of additives known in the art, such as improvers of the cetane number, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators and antioxidants.
- The procedure for preparing the composition according to the present invention is not critical as itself, inasmuch as the components can be blended in any sequential order whatsoever.
- In the ensuing practical examples, the component (b) which is used is a C1-C4 alcoholic fraction as obtained according to the process of US-A-4 481 012, said alcoholic fraction having the following composition, on a weight basis:
78.5% of methanol
2.4% of ethanol
5.6% of propanol
13.4% of butanol
0.1% of water. - A homogeneous and stable composition is prepared by using as the component (a) a predominatly aromatic Diesel fuel by AGIP PETROLI S.p.A., the component (b) being the C1-C4 alcoholic fraction referred to above, the component (c) being oleyl alcohol.
- The content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows:
79.60% of component (a)
19.90% of component (b)
0.50% of component (c). - A stable and homogeneous composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) as in Example 1, and decyl alcohol as the component (c).
- The content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows:
79.45% of component (a)
19.85% of component (b)
0.70% of component (c). - A stable and homogeneous composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) as in Example 1, hexyl alcohol being component (c).
- The content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows:
79.40% of component(a)
19.80% of component (b)
0.80% of component (c). - A homogeneous and stable composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) of Example 1, with ethyl alcohol as the component (c).
- The content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition, is as follows:
78.4% of the component (a)
19.6% of the component (b)
2.0% of the component (c) - The compositions of Examples 1 through 4 are stored for 3 months at ambient temperature (20-25°C) and, after that period of time, they retain their stability and no demixing phenomenon is observed.
- Compositions are prepared, which contain the components (a) and (b) of Example 1 in a weight ratio of (a) to (b) equal to 4:1 and hexanol is added as the component (c).
- The behaviour of such compositions is observed within a temperature range of from +25°C to -10°C: it is noted that the quantity of component (c) which is required to maintain homogeneousness and stability for the composition varies from 0.8% by weight at a temperature of +25°C to 3.5% by weight at -10°C. Even at low temperatures, storage for a long time does not originate plural-phase demixing problems, and the compositions retain their homogeneousness and transparency properties unaltered.
- A stable and homogeneous composition is prepared using, as the component (a) a predominantly aliphatic Diesel fuel, supplied by AGIP PETROLI S.p.A., the component (b) is the C1-C4 alcoholic fraction referred to above, and the component (c) is hexanol.
- The content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is:
75.2% of component (a)
18.8% of component (b)
6.0% of component (c). - A homogeneous and stable composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) of Example 6 and decanol as the component (c).
- The content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows:
75.6% of component (a)
18.9% of component (b)
5.5% of component (c). - A homogeneous and stable composition is prepared using the components (a) and (b) of Example 6, and tetradecanol as the component (c).
- The content, on a weight basis, of the individual components of the composition is as follows:
75.4% of the component (a)
18.8% of the component (b)
5.8% of the component (c). - The compositions of the Examples 6 through 8 are stored for three months at the environmental temperature (20°C-25°C) and, after that period of time, they retain their stability and no demixing phenomenon is observed.
Claims (6)
from 70% to 80% of methanol
from 2% to 5% of ethanol
from 5% to 10% of propanol
from 12% to 15% of butanol
from 0.1% to 1% of water.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT2288487 | 1987-12-04 | ||
IT22884/87A IT1223404B (en) | 1987-12-04 | 1987-12-04 | DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0319060A2 true EP0319060A2 (en) | 1989-06-07 |
EP0319060A3 EP0319060A3 (en) | 1989-08-23 |
Family
ID=11201525
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88202490A Withdrawn EP0319060A3 (en) | 1987-12-04 | 1988-11-08 | Diesel fuel composition |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0319060A3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1223404B (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995003376A1 (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1995-02-02 | Victorian Chemical International Pty. Ltd. | Fuel blends |
WO1995009219A1 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Tessol Kraftstoffe, Mineralöle Und Tankanlagen Gmbh | Fuel mixture |
AU697333B2 (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1998-10-01 | Victorian Chemicals International Pty Ltd | A fuel blend based on diesel and/or gas oil and C3-C22 alcohols |
US6129773A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 2000-10-10 | Killick; Robert William | Fuel blends |
WO2002038709A3 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2003-02-06 | Aae Technologies Internat Ltd | Fuel composition |
US7014668B2 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 2006-03-21 | Agrofuel Ab | Motor fuel for diesel, gas-turbine and turbojet engines |
US7575607B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2009-08-18 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Fuel composition containing a hydrocarbon fraction and ethanol |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2949535A1 (en) * | 1979-12-08 | 1981-06-11 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Easily ignitable diesel fuels - contg. diesel oil cut, methanol, and higher alcohol(s) as solvents |
EP0117915A2 (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1984-09-12 | Union Carbide Corporation | Diesel fuels |
US4481012A (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1984-11-06 | Snamprogetti S.P.A. | Process for the production of a mixture of methanol and higher alcohols of "fuel grade" |
-
1987
- 1987-12-04 IT IT22884/87A patent/IT1223404B/en active
-
1988
- 1988-11-08 EP EP88202490A patent/EP0319060A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2949535A1 (en) * | 1979-12-08 | 1981-06-11 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Easily ignitable diesel fuels - contg. diesel oil cut, methanol, and higher alcohol(s) as solvents |
US4481012A (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1984-11-06 | Snamprogetti S.P.A. | Process for the production of a mixture of methanol and higher alcohols of "fuel grade" |
EP0117915A2 (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1984-09-12 | Union Carbide Corporation | Diesel fuels |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6129773A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 2000-10-10 | Killick; Robert William | Fuel blends |
WO1995003376A1 (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1995-02-02 | Victorian Chemical International Pty. Ltd. | Fuel blends |
US5720784A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1998-02-24 | Victorian Chemical International Pty. Ltd. | Fuel blends |
AU697333B2 (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1998-10-01 | Victorian Chemicals International Pty Ltd | A fuel blend based on diesel and/or gas oil and C3-C22 alcohols |
WO1995009219A1 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Tessol Kraftstoffe, Mineralöle Und Tankanlagen Gmbh | Fuel mixture |
US7014668B2 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 2006-03-21 | Agrofuel Ab | Motor fuel for diesel, gas-turbine and turbojet engines |
BG65624B1 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2009-03-31 | Agrofuel Ab | Motor fuel for diesel, gas-turbine and turbojet engines, comprising at least four different oxygen-containing functional groups selected from alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, inorganic ester, acetal, epoxide and peroxide |
WO2002038709A3 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2003-02-06 | Aae Technologies Internat Ltd | Fuel composition |
AU2002223789B2 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2007-03-01 | O2 Diesel Europe Limited | Fuel composition |
US7575607B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2009-08-18 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Fuel composition containing a hydrocarbon fraction and ethanol |
US8252071B2 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2012-08-28 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Fuel composition containing a hydrocarbon fraction and ethanol |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0319060A3 (en) | 1989-08-23 |
IT1223404B (en) | 1990-09-19 |
IT8722884A0 (en) | 1987-12-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4477258A (en) | Diesel fuel compositions and process for their production | |
US6017369A (en) | Diesel fuel composition | |
US20010003881A1 (en) | Diesel fuel composition | |
EP1027409B2 (en) | Blended compression-ignition fuel containing light synthetic crude and blending stock | |
US4207076A (en) | Gasoline-ethanol fuel mixture solubilized with ethyl-t-butyl ether | |
US4561861A (en) | Motor fuel composition | |
US7410514B2 (en) | Liquid fuel composition having aliphatic organic non-hydrocarbon compounds, an aromatic hydrocarbon having an aromatic content of less than 15% by volume, an oxygenate, and water | |
US5104418A (en) | Hybrid diesel fuel composition | |
MXPA03004053A (en) | Fuel composition. | |
Schaefer et al. | Ignition improvers for ethanol fuels | |
EP0319060A2 (en) | Diesel fuel composition | |
US5259851A (en) | Hybrid liquid fuel composition in aqueous microemulsion form | |
US4568354A (en) | Conversion of hazy gasoline to clear stable gasoline | |
US4482352A (en) | Fuel additive | |
WO2001005912A1 (en) | Diesel fuel containing ester to reduce emissions | |
US4300912A (en) | Synthetic fuel containing methanol and butanol | |
GB2066288A (en) | Diesel fuel compositions and process for their production | |
WO1985002194A1 (en) | Diesel fuel cetane improver | |
EP0049921A1 (en) | Clear liquid fuel mixture for combustion engines | |
US4568355A (en) | Clear stable gasoline composition | |
DE60023749T2 (en) | TEMPERATURE STABILIZED EMULSION FUEL | |
EP0319059A2 (en) | Hybrid diesel fuel composition | |
EP0394715B1 (en) | Fuel additives | |
CN102041110A (en) | Novel diesel compound additive | |
CN102127467A (en) | Ether fuel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR LI LU NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900119 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19901022 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19910801 |